Ath。Thenletusnotleavethemeaningofeducationambiguousorill-defined。Atpresent，whenwespeakintermsofpraiseorblameaboutthebringing-upofeachperson，wecallonemaneducatedandanotheruneducated，althoughtheuneducatedmanmaybesometimesverywelleducatedforthecallingofaretailtrader，orofacaptainofaship，andthelike。Forwearenotspeakingofeducationinthisnarrowersense，butofthatothereducationinvirtuefromyouthupwards，whichmakesamaneagerlypursuetheidealperfectionofcitizenship，andteacheshimhowrightlytoruleandhowtoobey。
Thisistheonlyeducationwhich，uponourview，deservesthename；
thatothersortoftraining，whichaimsattheacquisitionofwealthorbodilystrength，ormereclevernessapartfromintelligenceandjustice，ismeanandilliberal，andisnotworthytobecallededucationatall。Butletusnotquarrelwithoneanotheraboutaword，providedthatthepropositionwhichhasjustbeengrantedholdgood：towit，thatthosewhoarerightlyeducatedgenerallybecomegoodmen。Neithermustwecastaslightuponeducation，whichisthefirstandfairestthingthatthebestofmencaneverhave，andwhich，thoughliabletotakeawrongdirection，iscapableofreformation。
Andthisworkofreformationisthegreatbusinessofeverymanwhilehelives。
Cle。Verytrue；andweentirelyagreewithyou。
Ath。Andweagreedbeforethattheyaregoodmenwhoareabletorulethemselves，andbadmenwhoarenot。
Cle。Youarequiteright。
Ath。Letmenowproceed，ifIcan，toclearupthesubjectalittlefurtherbyanillustrationwhichIwillofferyou。
Cle。Proceed。
Ath。Dowenotconsidereachofourselvestobeone？
Cle。Wedo。
Ath。Andeachoneofushasinhisbosomtwocounsellors，bothfoolishandalsoantagonistic；ofwhichwecalltheonepleasure，andtheotherpain。
Cle。Exactly。
Ath。Alsothereareopinionsaboutthefuture，whichhavethegeneralnameofexpectations；andthespecificnameoffear，whentheexpectationisofpain；andofhope，whenofpleasure；andfurther，thereisreflectionaboutthegoodorevilofthem，andthis，whenembodiedinadecreebytheState，iscalledLaw。
Cle。Iamhardlyabletofollowyou；proceed，however，asifIwere。
Meg。Iaminthelikecase。
Ath。Letuslookatthematterthus：MaywenotconceiveeachofuslivingbeingstobeapuppetoftheGods，eithertheirplaythingonly，orcreatedwithapurpose-whichofthetwowecannotcertainlyknow？Butwedoknow，thattheseaffectionsinusarelikecordsandstrings，whichpullusdifferentandoppositeways，andtooppositeactions；andhereinliesthedifferencebetweenvirtueandvice。
Accordingtotheargumentthereisoneamongthesecordswhicheverymanoughttograspandneverletgo，buttopullwithitagainstalltherest；andthisisthesacredandgoldencordofreason，calledbyusthecommonlawoftheState；thereareotherswhicharehardandofiron，butthisoneissoftbecausegolden；andthereareseveralotherkinds。Nowweoughtalwaystocooperatewiththeleadofthebest，whichislaw。Forinasmuchasreasonisbeautifulandgentle，andnotviolent，herrulemustneedshaveministersinordertohelpthegoldenprincipleinvanquishingtheotherprinciples。Andthusthemoralofthetaleaboutourbeingpuppetswillnothavebeenlost，andthemeaningoftheexpression“superiororinferiortoaman’sself“
willbecomeclearer；andtheindividual，attainingtorightreasoninthismatterofpullingthestringsofthepuppet，shouldliveaccordingtoitsrule；whilethecity，receivingthesamefromsomegodorfromonewhohasknowledgeofthesethings，shouldembodyitinalaw，tobeherguideinherdealingswithherselfandwithotherstates。Inthiswayvirtueandvicewillbemoreclearlydistinguishedbyus。Andwhentheyhavebecomeclearer，educationandotherinstitutionswillinlikemannerbecomeclearer；andinparticularthatquestionofconvivialentertainment，whichmayseem，perhaps，tohavebeenaverytriflingmatter，andtohavetakenagreatmanymorewordsthanwerenecessary。
Cle。Perhaps，however，thethememayturnoutnottobeunworthyofthelengthofdiscourse。
Ath。Verygood；letusproceedwithanyenquirywhichreallybearsonourpresentobject。
Cle。Proceed。
Ath。Supposethatwegivethispuppetofoursdrink-whatwillbetheeffectonhim？
Cle。Havingwhatinviewdoyouaskthatquestion？
Ath。Nothingasyet；butIaskgenerally，whenthepuppetisbroughttothedrink，whatsortofresultislikelytofollow。Iwillendeavourtoexplainmymeaningmoreclearly：whatIamnowaskingisthis-Doesthedrinkingofwineheightenandincreasepleasuresandpains，andpassionsandloves？
Cle。Verygreatly。
Ath。Andareperceptionandmemory，andopinionandprudence，heightenedandincreased？Donotthesequalitiesentirelydesertamanifhebecomessaturatedwithdrink？
Cle。Yes，theyentirelydeserthim。
Ath。Doeshenotreturntothestateofsoulinwhichhewaswhenayoungchild？
Cle。Hedoes。
Ath。Thenatthattimehewillhavetheleastcontroloverhimself？
Cle。Theleast。
Ath。Andwillhenotbeinamostwretchedplight？
Cle。Mostwretched。
Ath。Thennotonlyanoldmanbutalsoadrunkardbecomesasecondtimeachild？
Cle。Wellsaid，Stranger。
Ath。Isthereanyargumentwhichwillprovetousthatweoughttoencouragethetastefordrinkinginsteadofdoingallwecantoavoidit？
Cle。Isupposethatthereis；youatanyrate，werejustnowsayingthatyouwerereadytomaintainsuchadoctrine。
Ath。True，Iwas；andIamreadystill，seeingthatyouhavebothdeclaredthatyouareanxioustohearme。
Cle。Tosureweare，ifonlyforthestrangenessoftheparadox，whichassertsthatamanoughtofhisownaccordtoplungeintoutterdegradation。
Ath。Areyouspeakingofthesoul？
Cle。Yes。
Ath。Andwhatwouldyousayaboutthebody，myfriend？Areyounotsurprisedatanyoneofhisownaccordbringinguponhimselfdeformity，leanness，ugliness，decrepitude？
Cle。Certainly。
Ath。Yetwhenamangoesofhisownaccordtoadoctor’sshop，andtakesmedicine，ishenotawarethatsoon，andformanydaysafterwards，hewillbeinastateofbodywhichhewoulddieratherthanacceptasthepermanentconditionofhislife？Arenotthosewhotrainingymnasia，atfirstbeginningreducedtoastateofweakness？
Cle。Yes，allthatiswellknown。
Ath。Alsothattheygooftheirownaccordforthesakeofthesubsequentbenefit？
Cle。Verygood。
Ath。Andwemayconceivethistobetrueinthesamewayofotherpractices？
Cle。Certainly。
Ath。Andthesameviewmaybetakenofthepastimeofdrinkingwine，ifwearerightinsupposingthatthesamegoodeffectfollows？
Cle。Tobesure。
Ath。Ifsuchconvivialitiesshouldturnouttohaveanyadvantageequalinimportancetothatofgymnastic，theyareintheirverynaturetobepreferredtomerebodilyexercise，inasmuchastheyhavenoaccompanimentofpain。
Cle。True；butIhardlythinkthatweshallbeabletodiscoveranysuchbenefitstobederivedfromthem。
Ath。Thatisjustwhatwemustendeavourtoshow。Andletmeaskyouaquestion：-Dowenotdistinguishtwokindsoffear，whichareverydifferent？
Cle。Whatarethey？
Ath。Thereisthefearofexpectedevil。
Cle。Yes。
Ath。Andthereisthefearofanevilreputation；weareafraidofbeingthoughtevil，becausewedoorsaysomedishonourablething，whichfearweandallmentermshame。
Cle。Certainly。
Ath。Thesearethetwofears，asIcalledthem；oneofwhichistheoppositeofpainandotherfears，andtheoppositealsoofthegreatestandmostnumeroussortofpleasures。
Cle。Verytrue。