Hehadbeenchargedtodeliverthemwithallspeed，butSenhorIsidorehadinthemeantimegonetoKilimane，remainedthereafortnight，andreachedSennaagainbeforethecouriercameHecouldnotpunishhim。
Wegavehimapassageinourboat，butheleftusinthewaytovisithiswife，and，“onurgentprivatebusiness。”probablygaveuptheservicealtogether，ashedidnotcometoKilimaneallthetimeIwasthereItisimpossibletodescribethemiserablestateofdecayintowhichthePortuguesepossessionsherehavesunk。
Therevenuesarenotequaltotheexpenses，andeveryofficerImettoldthesametale，thathehadnotreceivedonefarthingofpayforthelastfouryearsTheyareallforcedtoengageintradeforthesupportoftheirfamiliesSenhorMirandahadbeenactuallyengagedagainsttheenemyduringthesefouryears，andhadbeenhighlylaudedinthecommandant’sdispatchestothehomegovernment，butwhenheappliedtotheGovernorofKilimaneforpartofhisfouryears’pay，heofferedhimtwentydollarsonlyMirandaresignedhiscommissioninconsequence。
ThecommonsoldierssentoutfromPortugalreceivedsomepayincalico。
Theyallmarrynativewomen，and，thesoilbeingveryfertile，thewivesfindbutlittledifficultyinsupportingtheirhusbandsThereisnodirecttradewithPortugalAconsiderablenumberofBanians，ornativesofIndia，comeannuallyinsmallvesselswithcargoesofEnglishandIndiangoodsfromBombayItisnottobewonderedat，then，thattherehavebeenattemptsmadeoflateyearsbyspeculativePortugueseinLisbontorevivethetradeofEasternAfricabymeansofmercantilecompaniesOnewasformallyproposed，whichwasmodeledontheplanofourEastIndiaCompany；
anditwasactuallyimaginedthatalltheforts，harbors，lands，etc。，mightbedeliveredovertoacompany，whichwouldbinditselftodeveloptheresourcesofthecountry，buildschools，makeroads，improveharbors，etc。，and，afterall，leavethePortuguesetheoptionofresumingpossession。
AnotherefforthasbeenmadetoattractcommercialenterprisetothisregionbyofferinganyminingcompanypermissiontosearchfortheoresandworkthemSuchacompany，however，wouldgainbutlittleinthewayofprotectionoraidfromthegovernmentofMozambique，asthatcanbutbarelymaintainaholdonitsownsmallpossessions；
theconditionaffixedofimportingatthecompany’sowncostacertainnumberofPortuguesefromtheislandofMadeiraortheAzores，inordertoincreasethePortuguesepopulationinAfrica，isimpolitic。
TaxeswouldalsobeleviedonthemineralsexportedItisnoticeablethatallthecompanieswhichhavebeenproposedinPortugalhavethisputprominentlyinthepreamble，“andfortheabolitionoftheinhumanslave-trade。”ThisshowseitherthatthestatesmeninPortugalareenlightenedandphilanthropic，oritmaybemeantasatrapforEnglishcapitalists；IinclinetobelievetheformerIfthePortuguesereallywishtodeveloptheresourcesoftherichcountrybeyondtheirpossessions，theyoughttoinvitetheco-operationofothernationsonequaltermswiththemselvesLetthepathwayintotheinteriorbefreetoall；and，insteadofwretchedforts，withscarcelyanacreoflandaroundthemwhichcanbecalledtheirown，letrealcoloniesbemade。
If，insteadofmilitaryestablishments，wehadcivilones，andsawemigrantsgoingoutwiththeirwives，plows，andseeds，ratherthanmilitaryconvictswithbuglesandkettle-drums，wemighthopeforareturnofprosperitytoEasternAfrica。
ThevillageofSennastandsontherightbankoftheZambesi。
Therearemanyreedyislandsinfrontofit，andthereismuchbushinthecountryadjacentThesoilisfertile，butthevillage，beinginastateofruin，andhavingseveralpoolsofstagnantwater，isveryunhealthyThebottomrockistheakoseofBrongniart，orgraniticgrit，andseveralconicalhillsoftraphaveburstthroughit。
OnestandingabouthalfamilewestofthevillageiscalledBaramuana，whichhasanotherbehindit；hencethename，whichmeans“carryachildontheback“Itis300or400feethigh，andonthetoplietwodismountedcannon，whichwereusedtofrightenawaytheLandeens，who，inoneattackuponSenna，killed150oftheinhabitantsTheprospectfromBaramuanaisveryfine；below，ontheeastward，liestheZambesi，withthevillageofSenna；andsometwentyorthirtymilesbeyondstandstheloftymountainMorumbala，probably3000or4000feethigh。
Itisofanoblongshape，andfromitsphysiognomy，whichcanbedistinctlyseenwhenthesunisinthewest，isevidentlyigneous。
Onthenorthernendthereisahotsulphurousfountain，whichmyPortuguesefriendsrefusedtoallowmetovisit，becausethemountainiswellpeopled，andthemountaineersareatpresentnotfriendlywiththePortugueseTheyhaveplentyofgarden-groundandrunningwateronitssummitMyfriendsatSennadeclinedtheresponsibilityoftakingmeintodangerTothenorthofMorumbalawehaveafineviewofthemountainsoftheMaganja；theyherecomeclosetotheriver，andterminateinMorumbalaManyofthemareconical，andtheShireisreportedtoflowamongthem，andtorunontheSennasideofMorumbalabeforejoiningtheZambesiOnseeingtheconfluenceafterward，closetoalowrangeofhillsbeyondMorumbala，Ifeltinclinedtodoubtthereport，astheShiremustthenflowparallelwiththeZambesi，fromwhichMorumbalaseemsdistantonlytwentyorthirtymiles。
Allaroundtothesoutheastthecountryisflat，andcoveredwithforest，butnearSennaanumberoflittleabruptconicalhillsdiversifythescenery。
Tothewestandnorththecountryisalsoflatforest，whichgivesitasombreappearance；butjustinthehazeofthehorizonsouthwestbysouth，thererisesamountainrangeequalinheighttoMorumbala，andcalledNyamongaInacleardayanotherrangebeyondthismaybeseen，whichisGorongozo，onceastationoftheJesuitsGorongozoisfamedforitsclearcoldwatersandhealthiness，andtherearesomeinscriptionsengravedonlargesquareslabsonthetopofthemountain，whichhaveprobablybeentheworkofthefathersAsthisliesinthedirectionofadistrictbetweenManicaandSofala，whichhasbeenconjecturedtobetheOphirofKingSolomon，theideathatfirstsprangupinmymindwas，thatthesemonumentsmightbemoreancientthanthePortuguese；but，onquestioningsomepersonswhohadseenthem，IfoundthattheywereinRomancharacters，anddidnotdeserveajourneyofsixdaystoseethem。
ManicaliesthreedaysnorthwestofGorongozo，andisthebestgoldcountryknowninEasternAfricaTheonlyevidencethePortuguesehaveofitsbeingtheancientOphiris，thatatSofala，itsnearestport，piecesofwroughtgoldhavebeendugupnearthefortandinthegardensTheyalsoreporttheexistenceofhewnstonesintheneighborhood，butthesecannothavebeenabundant，forallthestonesofthefortofSofalaaresaidtohavebeenbroughtfromPortugalNativeswhomImetinthecountryofSekeletu，fromManica，orManoa，astheycallit，statethatthereareseveralcavesinthecountry，andwallsofhewnstones，whichtheybelievetohavebeenmadebytheirancestors；
andthereis，accordingtothePortuguese，asmalltribeofArabsthere，whohavebecomecompletelyliketheothernativesTworivers，theMotirikweandSabia，orSabe，runthroughtheircountryintothesea。
ThePortugueseweredrivenoutofthecountrybytheLandeens，butnowtalkofreoccupyingManica。
ThemostpleasantsightIwitnessedatSennawasthenegroesofSenhorIsidorebuildingboatsaftertheEuropeanmodel，withoutanyonetosuperintendtheiroperationsTheyhadbeeninstructedbyaEuropeanmaster，butnowgointotheforestandcutdownthemotondo-trees，laydownthekeel，fitintheribs，andmakeveryneatboatsandlaunches，valuedatfrom20Poundsto100PoundsSenhorIsidorehadsomeoftheminstructedalsoincarpentryatRioJaneiro，andtheyconstructedforhimthehandsomesthouseinKilimane，thewoodworkbeingallofcountrytrees，someofwhicharecapableofafinepolish，andverydurable。
Amedicalopinionhavingbeenaskedbythecommandantrespectingabettersiteforthevillage，which，lyingonthelowbankoftheZambesi，isveryunhealthy，IrecommendedimitationoftheJesuits，whohadchosenthehigh，healthymountainofGorongozo，andtoselectanewsiteonMorumbala，whichisperfectlyhealthy，wellwatered，andwheretheShireisdeepenoughforthepurposeofnavigationatitsbase。
Asthenextresource，IproposedremovaltotheharborofMitilone，whichisatoneofthemouthsoftheZambesi，amuchbetterportthanKilimane，andwhere，iftheymusthavethefever，theywouldbeinthewayofdoingmoregoodtothemselvesandthecountrythantheycandointheirpresentsituationHadthePortuguesepossessedthisterritoryasarealcolony，thisimportantpointwouldnothavebeenleftunoccupied；asitis，thereisnotevenanativevillageplacedattheentranceofthissplendidrivertoshowthewayin。
Onthe9thofMaysixteenofmymenwereemployedtocarrygovernmentgoodsincanoesuptoTeteTheyweremuchpleasedatgettingthiswork。
Onthe11ththewholeoftheinhabitantsofSenna，withthecommandant，accompaniedustotheboatsAvenerableoldman，sonofajudge，saidtheywereinmuchsorrowonaccountofthemiserablestateofdecayintowhichtheyhadsunk，andoftheinsolentconductofthepeopleofKisakanowinthevillageWewereabundantlysuppliedwithprovisionsbythecommandantandSenhorFerrao，andsailedpleasantlydownthebroadriverAboutthirtymilesbelowSennawepassedthemouthoftheRiverZangweonourright，whichfartherupgoesbythenameofPungwe；andaboutfivemilesfartheronourleft，closetotheendofalowrangeintowhichMorumbalamerges，wecrossedthemouthoftheShire，whichseemedtobeabout200yardsbroad。
Alittleinlandfromtheconfluencethereisanotherrebelstockade，whichwasattackedbyEnsignRebeirowiththreeEuropeansoldiers，andcaptured；theydisarmedtherebelsandthrewthegunsintothewater。
ThisensignandMirandavolunteeredtodispersethepeopleofKisakawhowereridingroughshodovertheinhabitantsofSenna；buttheofferwasdeclined，thefewrealPortuguesefearingthedisloyalhalf-castesamongwhomtheydweltSlaveryandimmoralityhaveheredonetheirwork；
nowhereelsedoestheEuropeannamestandatsolowanebb；butwhatcanbeexpected？FewPortuguesewomenareevertakentothecolonies，andhereIdidnotobservethathonorableregardfortheoffspringwhichInoticedinAngolaThesonofalategovernorofTetewaspointedouttomeintheconditionandhabitofaslave。
ThereisneitherpriestnorschoolatSenna，thoughthereareruinsofchurchesandconvents。
OnpassingtheShireweobservedgreatquantitiesoftheplantAlfacinya，alreadymentioned，floatingdownintotheZambesiItisprobablythe`Pistiastratiotes’，agigantic“duck-weed“Itwasmixedwithquantitiesofanotheraquaticplant，whichtheBarotsenamed“Njefu“，containinginthepetioleoftheleafapleasant-tastednut。
ThiswassoesteemedbySebituanethathemadeitpartofhistributefromthesubjectedtribesDrHookerkindlyinformsmethatthenjefu“isprobablyaspeciesof`Trapa’，thenutsofwhichareeateninthesouthofEuropeandinIndiaGovernmentderivesalargerevenuefromtheminKashmir，amountingto12，000Poundsperannumfor128，000ass-loads！TheancientThraciansaresaidtohaveeatenthemlargelyInthesouthofFrancetheyarecalledwater-chestnuts。”
TheexistenceoftheseplantsinsuchabundanceintheShiremayshowthatitflowsfromlargecollectionsofstillwater。
WefoundthemgrowinginallthestillbranchesandlagoonsoftheLeeambyeinthefarnorth，andtherealsowemetabeautifullittlefloatingplant，the`AzollaNilotica’，whichisfoundintheupperNile。
Theyareseldomseeninflowingstreams。
AfewmilesbeyondtheShireweleftthehillsentirely，andsailedbetweenextensiveflatsThebanksseeninthedistancearecoveredwithtreesWesleptonalargeinhabitedisland，andthencametotheentranceoftheRiverMutulatitude18d3’37“S。，longitude35d46’E。：thepointofdepartureiscalledMazaro，or“mouthoftheMutu“ThepeoplewholiveonthenortharecalledBaroro，andtheircountryBororoThewholeoftherightbankisinsubjectiontotheLandeens，who，itwasimagined，wouldlevyatributeuponus，forthistheyareaccustomedtodotopassengersIregretthatwedidnotmeetthem，for，thoughtheyarenamedCaffres，IamnotsurewhethertheyareoftheZulufamilyoroftheMashona。