variationtotheirordinaryfoliage。Thistendency，however，differsmuchinthevarietiesofeventhesamespecies;forinstance，thegolden—stripedvarietyofEuonymusjaponicus\"isveryliabletorunbacktothegreen—
leaved，whilethesilver—stripedvarietyhardlyeverchanges。\"（11/67。
’Gardener’sChron。’1844page86。）Ihaveseenavarietyoftheholly，withitsleaveshavingacentralyellowpatch，whichhadeverywherepartiallyrevertedtotheordinaryfoliage，sothatonthesamesmallbranchthereweremanytwigsofbothkinds。Inthepelargonium，andinsomeotherplants，variegationisgenerallyaccompaniedbysomedegreeofdwarfing，asiswellexemplifiedinthe\"Dandy\"pelargonium。Whensuchdwarfvarietiessportbackbybudsorsuckerstotheordinaryfoliage，thedwarfedstaturestillremains。（11/68。Ibid1861page963。）Itisremarkablethatplantspropagatedfrombrancheswhichhaverevertedfromvariegatedtoplainleaves（11/69。Ibid1861page433;’CottageGardener’1860page2。）donotalways（ornever，asoneobserverasserts）perfectlyresembletheoriginalplain—leavedplantfromwhichthevariegatedbrancharose:itseemsthataplant，inpassingbybud—variationfromplainleavestovariegated，andbackagainfromvariegatedtoplain，isgenerallyinsomedegreeaffectedsoastoassumeaslightlydifferentaspect。
BUD—VARIATIONBYSUCKERS，TUBERS，ANDBULBS。
Allthecaseshithertogivenofbud—variationinfruits，flowers，leaves，andshoots，havebeenconfinedtobudsonthestemsorbranches，withtheexceptionofafewcasesincidentallynoticedofvaryingsuckersintherose，pelargonium，andchrysanthemum。Iwillnowgiveafewinstancesofvariationinsubterraneanbuds，thatis，bysuckers，tubers，andbulbs;notthatthereisanyessentialdifferencebetweenbudsaboveandbeneaththeground。Mr。SalterinformsmethattwovariegatedvarietiesofPhloxoriginatedassuckers;butIshouldnothavethoughttheseworthmentioning，hadnotMr。Salterfound，afterrepeatedtrials，thathecouldnotpropagatethemby\"root—joints，\"whereas，thevariegatedTussilagofarfaracanthusbesafelypropagated（11/70。M。Lemoinequotedin’Gardener’sChronicle’1867page74haslatelyobservedthattheSymphytumwithvariegatedleavescannotbepropagatedbydivisionoftheroots。Healsofoundthatoutof500plantsofaPhloxwithstripedflowers，whichhadbeenpropagatedbyroot—division，onlysevenoreightproducedstripedflowers。SeealsoonstripedPelargoniums’Gardener’sChronicle’1867page1000。）;butthislatterplantmayhaveoriginatedasavariegatedseedling，whichwouldaccountforitsgreaterfixednessofcharacter。TheBarberry（Berberisvulgaris）offersananalogouscase;thereisawell—knownvarietywithseedlessfruit，whichcanbepropagatedbycuttingsorlayers;butsuckersalwaysreverttothecommonform，whichproducesfruitcontainingseeds。（11/71。Anderson’RecreationsinAgriculture’volume5page152。）Myfatherrepeatedlytriedthisexperiment，andalwayswiththesameresult。I
mayherementionthatmaizeandwheatsometimesproducenewvarietiesfromthestockorroot，asdoesthesugar—cane。（11/72。Forwheatsee’ImprovementoftheCereals’byP。Shirreff1873page47。Formaizeandsugar—caneCarriereibidpages40，42。Withrespecttothesugar—caneMr。
J。CaldwellofMauritiussays（’Gardener’sChronicle’1874page316）theRibboncanehashere\"sportedintoaperfectlygreencaneandaperfectlyredcanefromthesamehead。Iverifiedthismyself，andsawatleast200
instancesinthesameplantation，andthefacthascompletelyupsetallourpreconceivedideasofthedifferenceofcolourbeingpermanent。Theconversionofastripedcaneintoagreencanewasnotuncommon，butthechangeintoaredcaneuniversallydisbelieved，andthatbotheventsshouldoccurinthesameplantincredible。Ifind，however，inFleischman’s’ReportonSugarCultivationinLouisianafor1848bytheAmericanPatentOffice，thecircumstanceismentioned，buthesaysheneversawithimself。\"）
Turningnowtotubers:inthecommonPotato（Solanumtuberosum）asinglebudoreyesometimesvariesandproducesanewvariety;or，occasionally，andthisisamuchmoreremarkablecircumstance，alltheeyesinatubervaryinthesamemannerandatthesametime，sothatthewholetuberassumesanewcharacter。Forinstance，asingleeyeinatuberoftheoldFORTY—FOLDPOTATO，whichisapurplevariety，wasobserved（11/73。
’Gardener’sChronicle’1857page662。）tobecomewhite;thiseyewascutoutandplantedseparately，andthekindhassincebeenlargelypropagated。
KEMP’SPOTATOisproperlywhite，butaplantinLancashireproducedtwotuberswhichwerered，andtwowhichwerewhite;theredkindwaspropagatedintheusualmannerbyeyes，andkepttruetoitsnewcolour，and，beingfoundamoreproductivevariety，soonbecamewidelyknownunderthenameofTAYLOR’SFORTY—FOLD。（11/74。’Gard。Chronicle’1841page814。）
TheoldFORTY—FOLDPOTATO，asalreadystated，isapurplevariety;butaplantlongcultivatedonthesamegroundproduced，not，asinthecaseabovegiven，asinglewhiteeye，butawholewhitetuber，whichhassincebeenpropagatedandkeepstrue。（11/75。Ibid1857page613。）Severalcaseshavebeenrecordedoflargeportionsofwholerowsofpotatoesslightlychangingtheircharacter。（11/76。Ibid1857page679。SeealsoPhilips’Hist。ofVegetables’volume2page91forotherandsimilaraccounts。）
DahliaspropagatedbytubersunderthehotclimateofSt。Domingovarymuch;SirR。Schomburgkgivesthecaseofthe\"Butterflyvariety，\"whichthesecondyearproducedonthesameplant\"doubleandsingleflowers;herewhitepetalsedgedwithmaroon;thereofauniformdeepmaroon。\"（11/77。
’JournalofProc。Linn。Soc。’volume2Botanypage132。）Mr。Breealsomentionsaplant\"whichboretwodifferentkindsofself—colouredflowers，aswellasathirdkindwhichpartookofbothcoloursbeautifullyintermixed。\"（11/78。Loudon’s’Gardener’sMag。’volume81832page94。）
Anothercaseisdescribedofadahliawithpurpleflowerswhichboreawhiteflowerstreakedwithpurple。（11/79。’Gard。Chronicle’1850page536;
and1842page729。）
ConsideringhowlongandextensivelymanyBulbousplantshavebeencultivated，andhownumerousarethevarietiesproducedfromseed，theseplantshavenotperhapsvariedsomuchbyoffsets，——thatis，bytheproductionofnewbulbs，——asmighthavebeenexpected。WiththeHyacinth，however，severalinstanceshavebeengivenbyM。Carriere。Acasealsohasbeenrecordedofabluevarietywhichforthreesuccessiveyearsgaveoffsetsproducingwhiteflowerswitharedcentre。（11/80。’DesJacinthes’
etc。Amsterdam1768page122。）Anotherhyacinthbore（11/81。’Gardener’sChronicle’1845page212。）onthesametrussaperfectlypinkandaperfectlyblueflower。Ihaveseenabulbproducingatthesametimeonestalkortrusswithfineblueflowers，anotherwithfineredflowers，andathirdwithblueflowersononesideandredontheother;severaloftheflowersbeingalsolongitudinallystripedredandblue。
Mr。JohnScottinformsmethatin1862Imatophyllumminiatum，intheBotanicGardensofEdinburgh，threwupasuckerwhichdifferedfromthenormalform，intheleavesbeingtwo—rankedinsteadoffour—ranked。Theleaveswerealsosmaller，withtheuppersurfaceraisedinsteadofbeingchannelled。
InthepropagationofTULIPS，seedlingsareraised，calledselfsorbreeders，which，\"consistofoneplaincolouronawhiteoryellowbottom。
These，beingcultivatedonadryandratherpoorsoil，becomebrokenorvariegatedandproducenewvarieties。Thetimethatelapsesbeforetheybreakvariesfromonetotwentyyearsormore，andsometimesthischangenevertakesplace。\"（11/82。Loudon’s’EncyclopaediaofGardening’page1024。）Thebrokenorvariegatedcolourswhichgivevaluetoalltulipsareduetobud—variation;foralthoughtheBybloemensandsomeotherkindshavebeenraisedfromseveraldistinctbreeders，yetalltheBaguetsaresaidtohavecomefromasinglebreederorseedling。Thisbud—variation，inaccordancewiththeviewsofMM。VilmorinandVerlot（11/83。’ProductiondesVarietes’1865p。63。）isprobablyanattempttoreverttothatuniformcolourwhichisnaturaltothespecies。Atulip，however，whichhasalreadybecomebroken，whentreatedwithtoostrongmanure，isliabletoflushorlosebyasecondactofreversionitsvariegatedcolours。Somekinds，asImperatrixFlorum，aremuchmoreliablethanotherstoflushing;andMr。
Dicksonmaintains（11/84。’Gardener’sChronicle’1841page782;1842page55。）thatthiscannomorebeaccountedforthanthevariationofanyotherplant。HebelievesthatEnglishgrowers，fromcareinchoosingseedfrombrokenflowersinsteadoffromplainflowers，havetoacertainextentdiminishedthetendencyinflowersalreadybrokentoflushingorsecondaryreversion。Irisxiphium，accordingtoM。Carriere（page65），behavesinnearlythesamemanner，asdosomanytulips。
DuringtwoconsecutiveyearsalltheearlyflowersinabedofTigridiaconchiflora（11/85。’Gardener’sChron。’1849page565。）resembledthoseoftheoldT。pavonia;butthelaterflowersassumedtheirpropercolouroffineyellow，spottedwithcrimson。Anapparentlyauthenticaccounthasbeenpublished（11/86。’Transact。Lin。Soc。’volume2page354。）oftwoformsofHemerocallis，whichhavebeenuniversallyconsideredasdistinctspecies，changingintoeachother;fortherootsofthelarge—floweredtawnyH。
fulva，beingdividedandplantedinadifferentsoilandplace，producedthesmall—floweredH。flava，aswellassomeintermediateforms。Itisdoubtfulwhethersuchcasesastheselatter，aswellasthe\"flushing\"ofbrokentulipsandthe\"running\"ofparticolouredcarnations，——thatis，theirmoreorlesscompletereturntoauniformtint，——oughttobeclassedunderbud—variation，oroughttoberetainedforthechapterinwhichI
treatofthedirectactionoftheconditionsoflifeonorganicbeings。
Thesecases，however，havethismuchinbud—variation，thatthechangeiseffectedthroughbudsandnotthroughseminalreproduction。But，ontheotherhand，thereisthisdifference——thatinordinarycasesofbud—
variation，onebudalonechanges，whilstintheforegoingcasesallthebudsonthesameplantweremodifiedtogether。Withthepotato，wehaveseenanintermediatecase，foralltheeyesinonetubersimultaneouslychangedtheircharacter。
Iwillconcludewithafewalliedcases，whichmayberankedeitherunderbud—variation，orunderthedirectactionoftheconditionsoflife。WhenthecommonHepaticaistransplantedfromitsnativewoods，theflowerschangecolour，evenduringthefirstyear。（11/87。Godron’Del’Espece’
tome2page84。）ItisnotoriousthattheimprovedvarietiesoftheHeartsease（Violatricolor），whentransplanted，oftenproduceflowerswidelydifferentinsize，form，andcolour:forinstance，Itransplantedalargeuniformly—coloureddarkpurplevariety，whilstinfullflower，anditthenproducedmuchsmaller，moreelongatedflowers，withthelowerpetalsyellow;theseweresucceededbyflowersmarkedwithlargepurplespots，andultimately，towardstheendofthesamesummer，bytheoriginallargedarkpurpleflowers。Theslightchangeswhichsomefruit—treesundergofrombeinggraftedandregraftedonvariousstocks（11/88。M。Carrierehaslatelydescribedinthe’RevueHorticole’December1，1866page457，anextraordinarycase。HetwiceinsertedgraftsoftheAriavestitaonthorn—
trees（epines）growinginpots;andthegrafts，astheygrew，producedshootswithbark，buds，leaves，petioles，petals，andflower—stalks，allwidelydifferentfromthoseoftheAria。Thegraftedshootswerealsomuchhardier，andfloweredearlier，thanthoseontheungraftedAria。）wereconsideredbyAndrewKnight（11/89。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume2page160。）ascloselyalliedto\"sportingbranches，\"orbud—variations。Again，wehavethecaseofyoungfruit—treeschangingtheircharacterastheygrowold;seedlingpears，forinstance，losewithagetheirspinesandimproveintheflavouroftheirfruit。Weepingbirch—trees，whengraftedonthecommonvariety，donotacquireaperfectpenduloushabituntiltheygrowold:ontheotherhand，Ishallhereaftergivethecaseofsomeweepingasheswhichslowlyandgraduallyassumedanuprighthabitofgrowth。Allsuchchanges，dependentonage，maybecomparedwiththechanges，alludedtointhelastchapter，whichmanytreesnaturallyundergo;asinthecaseoftheDeodarandCedarofLebanon，whichareunlikeinyouth，whilsttheycloselyresembleeachotherinoldage;andaswithcertainoaks，andwithsomevarietiesofthelimeandhawthorn。（11/90。ForthecasesofoaksseeAlph。DeCandollein’Bibl。Univers。’GenevaNovember1862;forlimesetc。
Loudon’s’Gard。Mag。’volume111835page503。）]
GRAFT—HYBRIDS。
BeforegivingasummaryonBud—variationIwilldiscusssomesingularandanomalouscases，whicharemoreorlesscloselyrelatedtothissamesubject。IwillbeginwiththefamouscaseofAdam’slaburnumorCytisusadami，aformorhybridintermediatebetweentwoverydistinctspecies，namely，C。laburnumandpurpureus，thecommonandpurplelaburnum;butasthistreehasoftenbeendescribed，IwillbeasbriefasIcan。
[ThroughoutEurope，indifferentsoilsandunderdifferentclimates，branchesonthistreehaverepeatedlyandsuddenlyrevertedtothetwoparentspeciesintheirflowersandleaves。Tobeholdmingledonthesametreetuftsofdingy—red，brightyellow，andpurpleflowers，borneonbrancheshavingwidelydifferentleavesandmannerofgrowth，isasurprisingsight。Thesameracemesometimesbearstwokindsofflowers;andIhaveseenasingleflowerexactlydividedintohalves，onesidebeingbrightyellowandtheotherpurple;sothatonehalfofthestandard—petalwasyellowandoflargersize，andtheotherhalfpurpleandsmaller。Inanotherflowerthewholecorollawasbrightyellow，butexactlyhalfthecalyxwaspurple。Inanother，oneofthedingy—redwing—petalshadanarrowbrightyellowstripeonit;andlastly，inanotherflower，oneofthestamens，whichhadbecomeslightlyfoliaceous，washalfyellowandhalfpurple;sothatthetendencytosegregationofcharacterorreversionaffectsevensinglepartsandorgans。（11/91。ForanalogousfactsseeBraun’Rejuvenescence’in’RaySoc。Bot。Mem。’1853page320;and’Gardener’sChronicle’1842page397;alsoBraunin’SitzungsberichtederGes。
naturforschenderFreunde’June1873page63。）Themostremarkablefactaboutthistreeisthatinitsintermediatestate，evenwhengrowingnearbothparent—species，itisquitesterile;butwhentheflowersbecomepureyelloworpurepurpletheyyieldseed。Ibelievethatthepodsfromtheyellowflowersyieldafullcomplementofseed;theycertainlyyieldalargernumber。TwoseedlingsraisedbyMr。Herbertfromsuchseed（11/92。
’JournalofHort。Soc。’volume21847page100。）exhibitedapurpletingeonthestalksoftheirflowers;butseveralseedlingsraisedbymyselfresembledineverycharacterthecommonlaburnum，withtheexceptionthatsomeofthemhadremarkablylongracemes:theseseedlingswereperfectlyfertile。Thatsuchpurityofcharacterandfertilityshouldbesuddenlyreacquiredfromsohybridisedandsterileaformisanastonishingphenomenon。ThebrancheswithpurpleflowersappearatfirstsightexactlytoresemblethoseofC。purpureus;butoncarefulcomparisonIfoundthattheydifferedfromthepurespeciesintheshootsbeingthicker，theleavesalittlebroader，andtheflowersslightlyshorter，withthecorollaandcalyxlessbrightlypurple:thebasalpartofthestandard—petalalsoplainlyshowedatraceoftheyellowstain。Sothattheflowers，atleastinthisinstance，hadnotperfectlyrecoveredtheirtruecharacter;andinaccordancewiththis，theywerenotperfectlyfertile，formanyofthepodscontainednoseed，someproducedone，andveryfewcontainedasmanyastwoseeds;whilstnumerouspodsonatreeofthepureC。purpureusinmygardencontainedthree，four，andfivefineseeds。Thepollen，moreover，wasveryimperfect，amultitudeofgrainsbeingsmallandshrivelled;andthisisasingularfact;for，asweshallimmediatelysee，thepollen—grainsinthedingy—redandsterileflowersontheparent—tree，were，inexternalappearance，inamuchbetterstate，andincludedveryfewshrivelledgrains。Althoughthepollenoftherevertedpurpleflowerswasinsopooracondition，theovuleswerewellformed，andtheseeds，whenmature，germinatedfreelywithme。Mr。Herbertraisedplantsfromseedsoftherevertedpurpleflowers，andtheydifferedaVERYLITTLEfromtheusualstateofC。purpureus。SomewhichIraisedinthesamemannerdidnotdifferatall，eitherinthecharacteroftheirflowersorofthewholebush，fromthepureC。purpureus。Prof。Casparyhasexaminedtheovulesofthedingy—redandsterileflowersinseveralplantsofC。adamiontheContinent（11/93。See’Transact。ofHort。CongressofAmsterdam’1865;butIowemostofthefollowinginformationtoProf。Caspary’sletters。）andfindsthemgenerallymonstrous。InthreeplantsexaminedbymeinEngland，theovuleswerelikewisemonstrous，thenucleusvaryingmuchinshape，andprojectingirregularlybeyondthepropercoats。Thepollengrains，ontheotherhand，judgingfromtheirexternalappearance，wereremarkablygood，andreadilyprotrudedtheirtubes。Byrepeatedlycounting，underthemicroscope，theproportionalnumberofbadgrains，Prof。Casparyascertainedthatonly2。5percentwerebad，whichisalessproportionthaninthepollenofthreepurespeciesofCytisusintheircultivatedstate，viz。，C。purpureus，laburnum，andalpinus。AlthoughthepollenofC。
adamiisthusinappearancegood，itdoesnotfollow，accordingtoM。
Naudin’sobservation（11/94。’NouvellesArchivesduMuseum’tome1page143。）onMirabilis，thatitwouldbefunctionallyeffective。ThefactoftheovulesofC。adamibeingmonstrous，andthepollenapparentlysound，isallthemoreremarkable，becauseitisopposedtowhatusuallyoccursnotonlywithmosthybrids（11/95。SeeonthisheadNaudinibidpage141。），butwithtwohybridsinthesamegenus，namelyinC。purpureo—elongatus，andC。
alpino—laburnum。Inboththesehybrids，theovules，asobservedbyProf。
Casparyandmyself，werewell—formed，whilstmanyofthepollen—grainswereill—formed;inthelatterhybrid20。3percent，andintheformernolessthan84。8percentofthegrainswereascertainedbyProf。Casparytobebad。ThisunusualconditionofthemaleandfemalereproductiveelementsinC。adamihasbeenusedbyProf。Casparyasanargumentagainstthisplantbeingconsideredasanordinaryhybridproducedfromseed;butweshouldrememberthatwithhybridstheovuleshavenotbeenexaminednearlysofrequentlyasthepollen，andtheymaybemuchoftenerimperfectthanisgenerallysupposed。Dr。E。Bornet，ofAntibes，informsme（throughMr。J。
TraherneMoggridge）thatwithhybridCistitheovariumisfrequentlydeformed，theovulesbeinginsomecasesquiteabsent，andinothercasesincapableoffertilisation。
SeveraltheorieshavebeenpropoundedtoaccountfortheoriginofC。
adami，andforthetransformationswhichitundergoes。Thewholecasehasbeenattributedbysomeauthorstobud—variation;butconsideringthewidedifferencebetweenC。laburnumandpurpureus，bothofwhicharenaturalspecies，andconsideringthesterilityoftheintermediateform，thisviewmaybesummarilyrejected。Weshallpresentlyseethat，withhybridplants，twoembryosdifferingintheircharactersmaybedevelopedwithinthesameseedandcohere;andithasbeensupposedthatC。adamithusoriginated。
ManybotanistsmaintainthatC。adamiisahybridproducedinthecommonwaybyseed，andthatithasrevertedbybudstoitstwoparent—forms。
Negativeresultsarenotofmuchvalue;butReisseck，Caspary，andmyself，triedinvaintocrossC。laburnumandpurpureus;whenIfertilisedtheformerwithpollenofthelatter，Ihadthenearestapproachtosuccess，forpodswereformed，butinsixteendaysafterthewitheringoftheflowers，theyfelloff。Nevertheless，thebeliefthatC。adamiisaspontaneouslyproducedhybridbetweenthesetwospeciesissupportedbythefactthatsuchhybridshaveariseninthisgenus。InabedofseedlingsfromC。elongatus，whichgrewneartoC。purpureus，andwasprobablyfertilisedbyitthroughtheagencyofinsects（forthese，asIknowbyexperiment，playanimportantpartinthefertilisationofthelaburnum），thesterilehybridC。purpureo—elongatusappeared。（11/96。Braunin’Bot。
Mem。Ray。Soc。’1853page23。）Thus，also，Waterer’slaburnum，theC。
alpino—laburnum（11/97。Thishybridhasneverbeendescribed。Itisexactlyintermediateinfoliage，timeofflowering，darkstriaeatthebaseofthestandardpetal，hairinessoftheovarium，andinalmosteveryothercharacter，betweenC。laburnumandalpinus;butitapproachestheformerspeciesmorenearlyincolour，andexceedsitinthelengthoftheracemes。
Wehavebeforeseenthat20。3percentofitspollen—grainsareill—formedandworthless。Myplant，thoughgrowingnotabovethirtyorfortyyardsfrombothparent—species，duringsomeseasonsyieldednogoodseeds;butin1866itwasunusuallyfertile，anditslongracemesproducedfromonetooccasionallyevenfourpods。Manyofthepodscontainednogoodseeds，butgenerallytheycontainedasingleapparentlygoodseed，sometimestwo，andinonecasethreeseeds。Someoftheseseedsgerminated，andIraisedtwotreesfromthem;oneresemblesthepresentform;theotherhasaremarkabledwarfcharacterwithsmallleaves，buthasnotyetflowered。）spontaneouslyappeared，asIaminformedbyMr。Waterer，inabedofseedlings。
Ontheotherhand，wehaveaclearanddistinctaccountgiventoPoiteau（11/98。’AnnalesdelaSoc。del’Hort。deParis’tome71830page93。）byM。Adam，whoraisedtheplant，showingthatC。adamiisnotanordinaryhybrid;butiswhatmaybecalledagraft—hybrid，thatis，oneproducedfromtheunitedcellulartissueoftwodistinctspecies。M。AdaminsertedintheusualmannerashieldofthebarkofC。purpureusintoastockofC。
laburnum;andthebudlaydormant，asoftenhappens，forayear;theshieldthenproducedmanybudsandshoots，oneofwhichgrewmoreuprightandvigorouswithlargerleavesthantheshootsofC。purpureus，andwasconsequentlypropagated。NowitdeservesespecialnoticethattheseplantsweresoldbyM。Adam，asavarietyofC。purpureus，beforetheyhadflowered;andtheaccountwaspublishedbyPoiteauaftertheplantshadflowered，butbeforetheyhadexhibitedtheirremarkabletendencytorevertintothetwoparentspecies。Sothattherewasnoconceivablemotiveforfalsification，anditisdifficulttoseehowtherecouldhavebeenanyerror。（11/99。Anaccountwasgiveninthe’Gardener’sChronicle’1857
pages382，400，ofacommonlaburnumonwhichgraftsofC。purpureushadbeeninserted，andwhichgraduallyassumedthecharacterofC。adami;butI
havelittledoubtthatC。adamihadbeensoldtothepurchaser，whowasnotabotanist，intheplaceofC。purpureus。Ihaveascertainedthatthisoccurredinanotherinstance。）IfweadmitastrueM。Adam’saccount，wemustadmittheextraordinaryfactthattwodistinctspeciescanunitebytheircellulartissue，andsubsequentlyproduceaplantbearingleavesandsterileflowersintermediateincharacterbetweenthescionandstock，andproducingbudsliabletoreversion;inshort，resemblingineveryimportantrespectahybridformedintheordinarywaybyseminalreproduction。]
IwillthereforegiveallthefactswhichIhavebeenabletocollectontheformationofhybridsbetweendistinctspeciesorvarieties，withouttheinterventionofthesexualorgans。Forif，asIamnowconvinced，thisispossible，itisamostimportantfact，whichwillsoonerorlaterchangetheviewsheldbyphysiologistswithrespecttosexualreproduction。A
sufficientbodyoffactswillafterwardsbeadduced，showingthatthesegregationorseparationofthecharactersofthetwoparent—formsbybud—
variation，asinthecaseofCytisusadami，isnotanunusualthoughastrikingphenomenon。Weshallfurtherseethatawholebudmaythusrevert，oronlyhalf，orsomesmallersegment。
[ThefamousbizzarriaOrangeoffersastrictlyparallelcasetothatofCytisusadami。Thegardenerwhoin1644inFlorenceraisedthistree，declaredthatitwasaseedlingwhichhadbeengrafted;andafterthegrafthadperished，thestocksproutedandproducedthebizzarria。Gallesio，whocarefullyexaminedseverallivingspecimensandcomparedthemwiththedescriptiongivenbytheoriginaldescriber，P。Nato（11/100。Gallesio’GliAgrumideiGiard。Bot。Agrar。di。Firenze’1839page11。Inhis’TraiteduCitrus’1811page146，hespeaksasifthecompoundfruitconsistedinpartofalemon，butthisapparentlywasamistake。），statesthatthetreeproducesatthesametimeleaves，flowers，andfruitidenticalwiththebitterorangeandwiththecitronofFlorence，andlikewisecompoundfruit，withthetwokindseitherblendedtogether，bothexternallyandinternally，orsegregatedinvariousways。Thistreecanbepropagatedbycuttings，andretainsitsdiversifiedcharacter。Theso—calledtrifacialorangeofAlexandriaandSmyrna（11/101。’Gardener’sChron。’1855page628。SeealsoProf。Casparyin’Transact。Hort。CongressofAmsterdam’1865。）resemblesinitsgeneralnaturethebizzarria，anddiffersonlyintheorangebeingofthesweetkind;thisandthecitronareblendedtogetherinthesamefruit，orareseparatelyproducedonthesametree;nothingisknownofitsorigin。Inregardtothebizzarria，manyauthorsbelievethatitisagraft—hybrid;Gallesio，ontheotherhand，thinksthatitisanordinaryhybrid，withthehabitofpartiallyrevertingbybudstothetwoparent—
forms;andwehaveseenthatthespeciesinthisgenusoftencrossspontaneously。
ItisnotoriousthatwhenthevariegatedJessamineisbuddedonthecommonkind，thestocksometimesproducesbudsbearingvariegatedleaves:Mr。
Rivers，asheinformsme，hasseeninstancesofthis。ThesamethingoccurswiththeOleander。（11/102。Gartner’Bastarderzeugung’s。611givesmanyreferencesonthissubject。）Mr。Rivers，ontheauthorityofatrustworthyfriend，statesthatsomebudsofagolden—variegatedash，whichwereinsertedintocommonashes，alldiedexceptone;buttheash—stockswereaffected（11/103。AnearlysimilaraccountwasgivenbyBrableyin1724inhis’TreatiseonHusbandry’volume1page199。）andproduced，bothaboveandbelowthepointsofinsertionoftheplatesofbarkbearingthedeadbuds，shootswhichborevariegatedleaves。Mr。J。AndersonHenryhascommunicatedtomeanearlysimilarcase:Mr。Brown，ofPerth，observedmanyyearsago，inaHighlandglen，anash—treewithyellowleaves;andbudstakenfromthistreewereinsertedintocommonashes，whichinconsequencewereaffected，andproducedtheBlotchedBreadalbaneAsh。Thisvarietyhasbeenpropagated，andhaspreserveditscharacterduringthelastfiftyyears。Weepingashes，also，werebuddedontheaffectedstocks，andbecamesimilarlyvariegated。IthasbeenrepeatedlyprovedthatseveralspeciesofAbutilon，onwhichthevariegatedA。thompsoniihasbeengrafted，becomevariegated。（11/104。Morren’Bull。del’Acad。R。desSciencesdeBelgique’2deseriestome281869page434。AlsoMagnus’GesellschaftnaturforschenderFreunde，Berlin’February21，1871page13;
ibidJune21，1870andOctober17，1871。Also’Bot。Zeitung’February24，1871。）
Manyauthorsconsidervariegationastheresultofdisease;andtheforegoingcasesmaybelookedatasthedirectresultoftheinoculationofadiseaseorsomeweakness。ThishasbeenalmostprovedtobethecasebyMorrenintheexcellentpaperjustreferredto，whoshowsthatevenaleafinsertedbyitsfootstalkintothebarkofthestockissufficienttocommunicatevariegationtoit，thoughtheleafsoonperishes。EvenfullyformedleavesonthestockofAbutilonaresometimesaffectedbythegraftandbecomevariegated。Variegationismuchinfluenced，asweshallhereaftersee，bythenatureofthesoilinwhichtheplantsaregrown;anditdoesnotseemimprobablethatwhateverchangeinthesaportissuescertainsoilsinduce，whetherornotcalledadisease，mightspreadfromtheinsertedpieceofbarktothestock。Butachangeofthiskindcannotbeconsideredtobeofthenatureofagraft—hybrid。
Thereisavarietyofthehazelwithdark—purpleleaves，likethoseofthecopper—beech:noonehasattributedthiscolourtodisease，anditapparentlyisonlyanexaggerationofatintwhichmayoftenbeseenontheleavesofthecommonhazel。Whenthisvarietyisgraftedonthecommonhazel（11/105。Loudon’s’Arboretum’volume4page2595。），itsometimescolours，ashasbeenasserted，theleavesbelowthegraft;althoughnegativeevidenceisnotofmuchvalue，ImayaddthatMr。Rivers，whohaspossessedhundredsofsuchgraftedtrees，hasneverseenaninstance。
Gartner（11/106。’Bastarderzeugung’s。619。）quotestwoseparateaccountsofbranchesofdarkandwhite—fruitedvineswhichhadbeenunitedinvariousways，suchasbeingsplitlongitudinally，andthenjoined，etc。;
andthesebranchesproduceddistinctbunchesofgrapesofthetwocolours，andotherbuncheswithberries，eitherstriped，orofanintermediateandnewtint。Eventheleavesinonecasewerevariegated。ThesefactsarethemoreremarkablebecauseAndrewKnightneversucceededinraisingvariegatedgrapesbyfertilisingwhitekindsbypollenofdarkkinds;though，aswehaveseen，heobtainedseedlingswithvariegatedfruitsandleaves，byfertilisingawhitevarietybythealreadyvariegateddarkAleppogrape。
Gartnerattributestheabove—quotedcasesmerelytobud—variation;butitisastrangecoincidencethatthebrancheswhichhadbeengraftedinapeculiarmannershouldalonethushavevaried;andH。AdornedeTscharnerpositivelyassertsthatheproducedthedescribedresultmorethanonce，andcoulddosoatwill，bysplittingandunitingthebranchesinthemannerdescribedbyhim。
Ishouldnothavequotedthefollowingcasehadnottheauthorof’DesJacinthes’（11/107。Amsterdam1768page124。）impressedmewiththebeliefnotonlyofhisextensiveknowledge，butofhistruthfulness:hesaysthatbulbsofblueandredhyacinthsmaybecutintwo，andthattheywillgrowtogetherandthrowupaunitedstem（andthisIhavemyselfseen）withflowersofthetwocoloursontheoppositesides。Buttheremarkablepointis，thatflowersaresometimesproducedwiththetwocoloursblendedtogether，whichmakesthecasecloselyanalogouswiththatoftheblendedcoloursofthegrapesontheunitedvinebranches。
Inthecaseofrosesitissupposedthatseveralgraft—hybridshavebeenformed，butthereismuchdoubtaboutthesecases，owingtothefrequencyofordinarybud—variations。Themosttrustworthyinstanceknowntomeisone，recordedbyMr。Poynter（11/108。’Gardener’sChron。’1860page672
withawoodcut。）whoassuresmeinaletteroftheentireaccuracyofthestatement。RosadevoniensishadbeenbuddedsomeyearspreviouslyonawhiteBanksianrose;andfromthemuchenlargedpointofjunction，whencetheDevoniensisandBanksianstillcontinuedtogrow，athirdbranchissued，whichwasneitherpureBanksiannorpureDevoniensis，butpartookofthecharacterofboth;theflowersresembled，butweresuperiorincharactertothoseofthevarietycalledLamarque（oneoftheNoisettes），whiletheshootsweresimilarintheirmannerofgrowthtothoseoftheBanksianrose，withtheexceptionthatthelongerandmorerobustshootswerefurnishedwithprickles。ThisrosewasexhibitedbeforetheFloralCommitteeoftheHorticulturalSocietyofLondon。Dr。LindleyexamineditandconcludedthatithadcertainlybeenproducedbytheminglingofR。
banksiaewithsomeroselikeR。devoniensis，\"forwhileitwasverygreatlyincreasedinvigourandinsizeofalltheparts，theleaveswerehalf—waybetweenaBanksianandTea—scentedrose。\"Itappearsthatrose—growerswerepreviouslyawarethattheBanksianrosesometimesaffectsotherroses。AsMr。Poynter’snewvarietyisintermediateinitsfruitandfoliagebetweenthestockandscion，andasitarosefromthepointofjunctionbetweenthetwo，itisveryimprobablethatitowesitsorigintomerebud—variation，independentlyofthemutualinfluenceofthestockandscion。
Lastly，withrespecttopotatoes。Mr。R。Trailstatedin1867beforetheBotanicalSocietyofEdinburgh（andhassincegivenmefullerinformation），thatseveralyearsagohecutaboutsixtyblueandwhitepotatoesintohalvesthroughtheeyesorbuds，andthencarefullyjoinedthem，destroyingatthesametimetheothereyes。Someoftheseunitedtubersproducedwhite，andothersbluetubers;some，however，producedtuberspartlywhiteandpartlyblue;andthetubersfromaboutfourorfivewereregularlymottledwiththetwocolours。Intheselattercaseswemayconcludethatastemhadbeenformedbytheunionofthebisectedbuds，thatis，bygraft—
hybridisation。
Inthe’BotanischeZeitung’（May16，1868），ProfessorHildebrandgivesanaccountwithacolouredfigure，ofhisexperimentsontwovarietieswhichwerefoundduringthesameseasontobeconstantincharacter，namely，asomewhatelongatedrough—skinnedredpotatoandaroundedsmoothwhiteone。
Heinsertedbudsreciprocallyintobothkinds，destroyingtheotherbuds。
Hethusraisedtwoplants，andeachoftheseproducedatuberintermediateincharacterbetweenthetwoparent—forms。Thatfromtheredbudgraftedintothewhitetuber，wasatoneendredandrough，asthewholetuberoughttohavebeenifnotaffected;inthemiddleitwassmoothwithredstripes，andattheotherendsmoothandaltogetherwhitelikethatofthestock。
Mr。Taylor，whohadreceivedseveralaccountsofpotatoeshavingbeengraftedbywedge—shapedpiecesofonevarietyinsertedintoanother，thoughscepticalonthesubject，madetwenty—fourexperimentswhichhedescribedindetailbeforetheHorticulturalSociety。（11/109。’Gardener’sChronicle’
1869page220。）Hethusraisedmanynewvarieties，somelikethegraftorlikethestock;othershavinganintermediatecharacter。Severalpersonswitnessedthediggingupofthetubersfromthesegraft—hybrids;andoneofthem，Mr。Jameson，alargedealerinpotatoes，writesthus，\"Theyweresuchamixedlot，asIhaveneverbeforeorsinceseen。Theywereofallcoloursandshapes，someveryuglyandsomeveryhandsome。\"Anotherwitnesssays\"somewereround，somekidney，pink—eyedkidney，piebald，andmottledredandpurple，ofallshapesandsizes。\"Someofthesevarietieshavebeenfoundvaluable，andhavebeenextensivelypropagated。Mr。Jamesontookawayalargepiebaldpotatowhichhecutintofivesetsandpropagated;theseyieldedround，white，red，andpiebaldpotatoes。
Mr。Fitzpatrickfollowedadifferentplan（11/110。’Gard。Chronicle’1869
page335。）;hegraftedtogethernotthetubersbuttheyoungstemsofvarietiesproducingblack，white，andredpotatoes。Thetubersbornebythreeofthesetwinorunitedplantswerecolouredinanextraordinarymanner;onewasalmostexactlyhalfblackandhalfwhite，sothatsomepersonsonseeingitthoughtthattwopotatoeshadbeendividedandrejoined;othertuberswerehalfredandhalfwhite，orcuriouslymottledwithredandwhite，orwithredandblack，accordingtothecoloursofthegraftandstock。
ThetestimonyofMr。Fennisofmuchvalue，asheis\"awellknownpotato—
grower\"whohasraisedmanynewvarietiesbycrossingdifferentkindsintheordinarymanner。Heconsidersit\"demonstrated\"thatnew，intermediatevarietiescanbeproducedbygraftingthetubers，thoughhedoubtswhethersuchwillprovevaluable。（11/111。’Gardener’sChronicle’1869page1018
withremarksbyDr。Mastersontheadhesionoftheunitedwedges。Seealsoibid1870pages1277，1283。）Hemademanytrialsandlaidtheresults，exhibitingspecimens，beforetheHorticulturalSociety。Notonlywerethetubersaffected，somebeingsmoothandwhiteatoneendandroughandredattheother，butthestemsandleavesweremodifiedintheirmannerofgrowth，colourandprecocity。Someofthesegraft—hybridsafterbeingpropagatedforthreeyearsstillshowedintheirhaulmstheirnewcharacter，differentfromthatofthekindfromwhichtheeyeshadbeentaken。Mr。FenngavetwelveofthetubersofthethirdgenerationtoMr。
Alex。Dean，whogrewthem，andwasthusconvertedintoabelieveringraft—
hybridisation，havingpreviouslybeenacompletesceptic。Forcomparisonheplantedthepureparent—formsalongsidethetwelvetubers;andfoundthatmanyoftheplantsfromthelatter（11/112。’Gard。Chronicle’1871page837。）wereintermediatebetweenthetwoparent—formsinprecocity，inthetallness，uprightness，jointing，androbustnessofthestems，andinthesizeandcolouroftheleaves。
Anotherexperimentalist，Mr。Rintoul，graftednolessthanfifty—ninetubers，whichdifferedinshape（somebeingkidneys）insmoothnessandcolour（11/113。’Gardener’sChronicle’1870page1506。）andmanyoftheplantsthusraised\"wereintermediateinthetubersaswellasinthehaulms。\"Hedescribesthemorestrikingcases。
In1871IreceivedaletterfromMr。Merrick，ofBoston，U。S。A。，whostatesthat，\"Mr。FearingBurr，averycarefulexperimenterandauthorofamuchvaluedbook，’TheGardenVegetablesofAmerica’hassucceededinproducingdistinctlymottledandmostcuriouspotatoes——evidentlygraft—hybrids，byinsertingeyesfromblueorredpotatoesintothesubstanceofwhiteones，afterremovingtheeyesofthelatter。Ihaveseenthepotatoes，andtheyareverycurious。\"
WewillnowturntotheexperimentsmadeinGermany，sincethepublicationofProf。Hildebrand’spaper。HerrMagnusrelates（11/114。’SitzungsberichtederGesellschaftnaturforschenderFreundezuBerlin’October17，1871。）theresultsofnumeroustrialsmadebyHerrenReuterandLindemuth，bothattachedtotheRoyalGardensofBerlin。Theyinsertedtheeyesofredpotatoesintowhiteones，andviceversa。Manydifferentformspartakingofthecharactersoftheinsertedbudandofthestockwerethusobtained;forinstance，someofthetuberswerewhitewithredeyes。
HerrMagnusalsoexhibitedinthefollowingyearbeforethesameSociety（November19，1872），theproduceofgraftsbetweenblack，white，andredpotatoes，madebyDr。Neubert。Theseweremadebyunitingnotthetubersbuttheyoungstems，aswasdonebyMr。Fitzpatrick。Theresultwasremarkable，inasmuchasallthetubersthusproducedwereintermediateincharacter，thoughinavariabledegree。Thosebetweentheblackandthewhiteortheredwerethemoststrikinginappearance。Somefrombetweenthewhiteandredhadonehalfofonecolourandtheotherhalfoftheothercolour。
AtthenextmeetingofthesocietyHerrMagnuscommunicatedtheresultsofDr。Heimann’sexperimentsingraftingtogetherthetubersofredSaxon，blue，andelongatedwhitepotatoes。Theeyeswereremovedbyacylindricalinstrument，andinsertedintocorrespondingholesinothervarieties。Theplantsthusproducedyieldedagreatnumberoftubers，whichwereintermediatebetweenthetwoparent—formsinshape，andinthecolourbothofthefleshandskin。
HerrReuterexperimented（11/115。IbidNovember17，1874。SeealsoexcellentremarksbyHerrMagnus。）byinsertingwedgesoftheelongatedWhiteMexicanpotatointoaBlackKidneypotato。Bothsortsareknowntobeveryconstant，anddiffermuchnotonlyinformandcolour，butintheeyesoftheBlackKidneybeingdeeplysunk，whereasthoseoftheWhiteMexicanaresuperficialandofadifferentshape。Thetubersproducedbythesehybridswereintermediateincolourandform;andsomewhichresembledinformthegraft，i。e。theMexican，hadeyesdeeplysunkandofthesameshapeasinthestockorBlackKidney。]
Anyonewhowillattentivelyconsidertheabstractnowgiven，oftheexperimentsmadebymanyobserversinseveralcountries，will，Ithink，beconvincedthatbygraftingtwovarietiesofthepotatotogetherinvariousways，hybridisedplantscanbeproduced。Itshouldbeobservedthatseveraloftheexperimentalistsarescientifichorticulturists，andsomeofthempotato—growersonalargescale，who，thoughbeforehandsceptical，havebeenfullyconvincedofthepossibility，evenoftheease，ofmakinggraft—
hybrids。Theonlywayofescapingfromthisconclusionistoattributeallthemanyrecordedcasestosimplebud—variation。Undoubtedlythepotato，aswehaveseeninthischapter，doessometimes，thoughnotoften，varybybuds;butitshouldbeespeciallynotedthatitisexperiencedpotato—
growers，whosebusinessitistolookoutfornewvarieties，whohaveexpressedunboundedastonishmentatthenumberofnewformsproducedbygraft—hybridisation。Itmaybearguedthatitismerelytheoperationofgrafting，andnottheunionoftwokinds，whichcausessoextraordinaryanamountofbud—variation;butthisobjectionisatonceansweredbythefactthatpotatoesarehabituallypropagatedbythetubersbeingcutintopieces，andthesoledifferenceinthecaseofgraft—hybridsisthateitherahalforasmallersegmentoracylinderisplacedincloseoppositionwiththetissueofanothervariety。Moreover，intwocases，theyoungstemsweregraftedtogether，andtheplantsthusunitedyieldedthesameresultsaswhenthetuberswereunited。Itisanargumentofthegreatestweightthatwhenvarietiesareproducedbysimplebud—variation，theyfrequentlypresentquitenewcharacters;whereasinallthenumerouscasesabovegiven，asHerrMagnuslikewiseinsists，thegraft—hybridsareintermediateincharacterbetweenthetwoformsemployed。Thatsucharesultshouldfollowiftheonekinddidnotaffecttheotherisincredible。
Charactersofallkindsareaffectedbygrafthybridisation，inwhateverwaythegraftingmayhavebeeneffected。Theplantsthusraisedyieldtuberswhichpartakeofthewidelydifferentcolours，form，stateofsurface，positionandshapeoftheeyeoftheparents;andaccordingtotwocarefulobserverstheyarealsointermediateincertainconstitutionalpeculiarities。Butweshouldbearinmindthatinallthevarietiesofthepotato，thetubersdiffermuchmorethananyotherpart。
Thepotatoaffordsthebestevidenceofthepossibilityoftheformationofgraft—hybrids，butwemustnotoverlooktheaccountgivenoftheoriginofthefamousCytisusadamibyM。Adam，whohadnoconceivablemotivefordeception，andtheexactlyparallelaccountoftheoriginoftheBizzarriaorange，namelybygraft—hybridisation。Normustthecasesbeundervaluedinwhichdifferentvarietiesorspeciesofvines，hyacinthsandroses，havebeengraftedtogether，andhaveyieldedintermediateforms。Itisevidentthatgraft—hybridscanbemademuchmoreeasilywithsomeplants，asthepotato，thanwithothers，forinstanceourcommonfruittrees;fortheselatterhavebeengraftedbythemillionduringmanycenturies，andthoughthegraftisoftenslightlyaffected，itisverydoubtfulwhetherthismaynotbeaccountedfor，merelybyamoreorlessfreesupplyofnutriment。
Nevertheless，thecasesabovegivenseemtometoprovethatundercertainunknownconditionsgraft—hybridisationcanbeeffected。
HerrMagnusassertswithmuchtruththatgraft—hybridsresembleinallrespectsseminalhybrids，includingtheirgreatdiversityofcharacter。
Thereis，however，apartialexception，inasmuchasthecharactersofthetwoparentformsarenotoftenhomogeneouslyblendedtogetheringraft—
hybrids。Theymuchmorecommonlyappearinasegregatedcondition，——thatis，insegmentseitheratfirst，orsubsequentlythroughreversion。Itwouldseemthatthereproductiveelementsarenotsocompletelyblendedbygraftingasbysexualgeneration。Butsegregationofthiskindoccursbynomeansrarely，aswillbeimmediatelyshown，inseminalhybrids。Finallyitmust，Ithink，beadmittedthatwelearnfromtheforegoingcasesahighlyimportantphysiologicalfact，namely，thattheelementsthatgototheproductionofanewbeing，arenotnecessarilyformedbythemaleandfemaleorgans。Theyarepresentinthecellulartissueinsuchastatethattheycanunitewithouttheaidofthesexualorgans，andthusgiverisetoanewbudpartakingofthecharactersofthetwoparent—forms。
ONTHESEGREGATIONOFTHEPARENTALCHARACTERSINSEMINALHYBRIDSBYBUD—
VARIATION。
Iwillnowgiveasufficientnumberofcasestoshowthatsegregationofthiskind，namely，bybuds，mayoccurinordinaryhybridsraisedfromseed。
[HybridswereraisedbyGartnerbetweenTropaeolumminusandmajus（11/116。
’Bastarderzeugung’s。549。Itis，however，doubtfulwhethertheseplantsshouldberankedasspeciesorvarieties。）whichatfirstproducedflowersintermediateinsize，colour，andstructurebetweentheirtwoparents;butlaterintheseasonsomeoftheseplantsproducedflowersinallrespectslikethoseofthemother—form，mingledwithflowersstillretainingtheusualintermediatecondition。AhybridCereusbetweenC。speciosissimusandphyllanthus（11/117。Gartneribids。550。）plantswhicharewidelydifferentinappearance，producedforthefirstthreeyearsangular，five—
sidedstems，andthensomeflatstemslikethoseofC。phyllanthus。
KolreuteralsogivescasesofhybridLobeliasandVerbascums，whichatfirstproducedflowersofonecolour，andlaterintheseason，flowersofadifferentcolour。（11/118。’JournaldePhysique’tome231873page100。
’Act。Acad。St。Petersburgh’1781part1page249。）Naudin（11/119。
’NouvellesArchivesduMuseum’tome1page49。）raisedfortyhybridsfromDaturalaevisfertilisedbyD。stramonium;andthreeofthesehybridsproducedmanycapsules，ofwhichahalf，orquarter，orlessersegmentwassmoothandofsmallsize，likethecapsuleofthepureD。laevis，theremainingpartbeingspinoseandoflargersize，likethecapsuleofthepureD。stramonium:fromoneofthesecompositecapsules，plantsperfectlyresemblingbothparent—formswereraised。
Turningnowtovarieties。ASEEDLINGapple，conjecturedtobeofcrossedparentage，hasbeendescribedinFrance（11/120。L’HermesJanuary14，1837
quotedinLoudon’s’Gardener’sMag。’volume13page230。）whichbearsfruitwithonehalflargerthantheother，ofaredcolour，acidtaste，andpeculiarodour;theothersidebeinggreenish—yellowandverysweet:itissaidscarcelyevertoincludeperfectlydevelopedseed。IsupposethatthisisnotthesametreeasthatwhichGaudichaud（11/121。’ComptesRendus’
tome341852page746。）exhibitedbeforetheFrenchinstitute，bearingonthesamebranchtwodistinctkindsofapples，oneareinetterouge，andtheotherlikeareinettecanadajaunatre:thisdouble—bearingvarietycanbepropagatedbygrafts，andcontinuestoproducebothkinds;itsoriginisunknown。TheRev。J。D。LaTouchesentmeacoloureddrawingofanapplewhichhebroughtfromCanada，ofwhichhalf，surroundingandincludingthewholeofthecalyxandtheinsertionofthefoot—stalk，isgreen，theotherhalfbeingbrownandofthenatureofthepommegrisapple，withthelineofseparationbetweenthetwohalvesexactlydefined。Thetreewasagraftedone，andMr。LaTouchethinksthatthebrancheswhichborethiscuriousapplesprungfromthepointofjunctionofthegraftandstock:hadthisfactbeenascertained，thecasewouldprobablyhavecomeintotheclassofgraft—hybridsalreadygiven。Butthebranchmayhavesprungfromthestock，whichnodoubtwasaseedling。