\"Catharinesteeredtowardsherstars。Loverswerevouchsafedher，ofakind（hersmallstars，aswemaycallthem）；and，atlength，throughperilousintricacies，thebigstar，AutocracyofAlltheRussias，——throughwhathorrorsofintricacy，thatlast！ShehadhopedalwaysitwouldbebyHusbandPeterthatshe，withthedeepersteadyhead，wouldbeAutocrat:buttheintricacieskeptincreasing，grewatlasttothestranglingpitch；anditcametobe，betweenPeterandher，’EitheryoutoSiberia（perhapsFARTHER），orelseI！’AnditwasPeterthathadtogo；——inwhathideouswayiswellenoughknown；noSiberia，noHolsteinthoughttobefarenoughforPeter:——andCatharine，merelyweepingalittleforhim，mountedtotheAutocracyherself。Andthen，thebigstarofstarsbeingoncehers，shehad，notintheloverkindalone，butinalluncelestialkinds，wholenebulaeandmilky—waysofsmallstars。AverySemiramis，theLouis—QuatorzeofthoseNorthernParts。’SecondCreatressofRussia，’secondPetertheGreatinasense。Tomenoneoftheloveliestobjects；yetthereareuglier，howinfinitelyuglier:objectgrandiose，ifnotgreat。\"——
WereturntoFriedrichandtheDeathofCatin。
ColonelHordt，Ibelieve，wasthefirstwhocrediblyapprisedFriedrichofthegreatRussianEvent。ColonelHordt，lateoftheFree—CorpsHORDT，butcaptivesincesoonaftertheKunersdorftime；
andwhosedolefulquasi—infernal\"twenty—fivemonthsandthreedays\"intheCitadelofPetersburghavechangedinonehourintocelestialgloriesintheCourtofthatCity；——asreadersshallthemselvesseeanon。ByHordtorbywhomsoever，theinstantFriedrichheard，byanauthenticsource，ofthenewCzar’sAccession，Friedrichhastenedtoturnrounduponhimwiththefriendliestattitude，witharmsasifreadytoopen；dismissingallhisRussianPrisoners；andtestifying，ineverypoliteandroyalway，howgladlyhewouldadvanceifpermitted。TowhichtheCzar，byHordtandbyotherchannels，imperiallyresponded；rushingforward，he，asifwitharmsflungwide。
January31stisOrderfromtheKing，[InSCHONING，iii。275
（\"Breslau，31stJanuary，1762\"）。]ThatourRussianPrisoners，oneandall，shod，cladanddieted，beforthwithsetunderwayfromStettin:inreturnforwhichgenerositythePrussians，fromSiberiaorwherevertheywereburied，are，soonafter，hasteninghomeinlikemanner。Gudowitsh，Peter’sfavoriteAdjutant，whohadbeensenttocongratulateatZerbst，comesroundbyBreslau（February20th），andhasjoyfullybenignaudiencenextday；directlyontheheelofwhom，AdjutantColonelvonGoltz，whoKAMMERHERRaswellasColonel，andunderstandsthingsofbusiness，goestoPetersburg。
February23d，CzarishMajesty，tothehorrorofViennaandgladastonishmentofmankind，emitsDeclaration（NotetoalltheForeignExcellenciesinPetersburg），\"ThatthereoughttobePeacewiththisKingofPrussia；thatCzarishMajesty，forhisownpart，isresolvedonthething；givesupEastPreussenandtheso—calledconquestsmade；RussianparticipationinsuchaWarhasceased。\"
AndpracticallyordersCzernichef，whoiswinteringwithhis20，000
inGlatz，toquitGlatzandtheseAustrianCombinations，andmarchhomewardwithhis20，000。WhichCzernichef，sosoonasarrangementsofproviantandthelikearemade，hastenstodo；——anddoes，asfarasThorn；butnofarther，forareasonthatwillbeseen。OnthelastdayofMarch，Czernichef——offaboutaweekagofromGlatz，andnowgotintotheBreslaulatitude——cameacross，withaselectSuiteofFour，topayhiscourtthere；andhadthehonortodinewithhisMajesty，andtobe，personallytoo，aCzernichefagreeabletohisMajesty。
ThevehemencyofAustrianDiplomaciesatPetersburg；andthehorrorofKaiserinnandKriegshofrathinVienna，——whohavejustdischarged20，000oftheirownpeople，countingonthisCzernichef，andbeingdreadfullytightformoney，——maybefancied。Butallavailsnothing。TheardentCzaradvancestowardsFriedrichwitharmsflungwide。GoltzandGudowitshareengagedonTreatyofPeace；
CzarfranklygivesupEastPreussen，\"Yoursagain；whatusehasRussiaforit，RoyalFriend？\"TreatyofPeacegoesforwardlikethedrawingofaMarriage—settlement（concludedMAY5th）；and，inamonthmore，haschangedintoTreatyofAlliance；——CzernicheforderedtostopshortatThorn；toturnback，andjoinhimselftothisheroicKing，insteadoffightingagainsthim。WhichagainCzernichef，himselfanadmirerofthisKing，joyfullydoes；——
though，unhappily，notwithalltheadvantageheexpectedtotheKing。
SwedishPeace，QueenUlriqueandtheAnti—FrenchPartynowgettingtheupperhand，hadbeenhasteningforwardintheinterim（finished，atHamburg，MAY2d）:amostsmallmatterincomparisontotheRussian；butwelcomeenoughtoFriedrich；——thoughhesaidslightinglyofit，whenfirstmentioned:\"Peace？IknownothardlyofanyWartherehasbeenwithSweden；——askColonelBellingaboutit！\"ColonelBelling，amostshiningswiftHussarColonel，who，witha2，000sharpfellows，hangingalwaysontheSwedishflanks，sharpaslightning，\"nowhereandyeteverywhere，\"aswassaidofhim，hasmainly，forthelastyearortwo，hadthemanagementofthisextraordinary\"War。\"PeaceoveralltheNorth，Peaceandmore，isnowFriedrich’s。Stranglingimbroglio，wideastheworld，hasebbedtoman’sheight；dawnofdayhasripenedintosunriseforFriedrich；thewayoutisnowathingcredibleandvisibletohim。
Peter’sfriendlinessisboundless；almosttooboundless！PeterbegsaPrussianRegiment，——dresseshimselfinitsuniform，ColonelofITZENPLITZ；FriedrichbegsaRussianRegiment，ColonelofSCHUWALOF:andallisjoyful，hopeful；marriage—bellsinsteadofdirgedittoandgallowsditto，——unhappilynotforverylong。
InregardtoFriedrich’sfeelingswhileallthiswenton，takethefollowingsmallutterancesofhis，beforegoingfarther。
JANUARY27th，1762（ToMadamCamas，——eightdaysaftertheRussianEvent）:\"Irejoice，mygoodMamma，tofindyouhavesuchcourage；
Iexhortyoutoredoubleit！Allendsinthisworld；sowemayhopethisaccursedWarwillnotbetheonlythingeternalthere。
SincedeathhastrussedupacertainCATINoftheHyperboreanCountries，oursituationhasadvantageouslychanged，andbecomesmoresupportablethanitwas。Wemusthopethatsomeotherevents[favorofthenewCzarmainly]willhappen；bywhichwemayprofittoarriveatagoodPeace。\"
JANUARY31st（ToMinisterFinkenstein）\"Beholdthefirstgleamoflightthatrises；——Heavenbepraisedforit！Wemusthopegoodweatherwillsucceedthesestorms。Godgrantit！\"[Preuss，ii。312。]
ENDOFMARCH（ToD’Argens）:……\"Allthat[atParis；aboutthePompadourisms，theEXILEofBroglioandBrother，andyourothernews]isverymiserable；aswellasthatdiscrepancybetweenKing’sCouncilandParlementforandagainsttheJesuits！But，MONCHER
MARQUIS，myheadissoill，Icantellyounothingmore，——
exceptthattheCzarofRussiaisadivineman；towhomIoughttoerectaltars。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，
xix。301。]
MAY25th（Tothesame，——RussianPEACEthreeweeksago）:\"Itisverypleasanttome，dearMarquis，thatSans—SoucicouldaffordyouanagreeableretreatduringthebeautifulSpringdays。Ifitdependedonlyonme，howsoonshouldIbetherebesideyou！ButtotheSixCampaignsthereisaSeventhtobeadded，andwillsoonopen；
eitherbecausetheNumber7hadoncemysticqualities，orbecauseintheBookofFatefromalleternitythe\"——……\"JesuitsbanishedfromFrance？Ah，yes:——hearingofthat，Imademybitofplanforthem[meantohavemypickofthemasschoolmastersinSilesiahere]；andamwaitingonlytillIgetSilesiaclearedofAustriansasthefirstthing。Youseewemustnotmowthecorntillitisripe。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。p。321。]
MAY28th（Tothesame）:……TartarKhanactuallyastir，10，000menofhisinHungary（Iamtold）；Turkpotentiallyditto，with200，000
（futileboth，asever）:\"AllthingsshowmethesureprospectofPeacebytheendofthisYear；and，inthebackgroundofit，Sans—
SouciandmydearMarquis！Asweetcalmspringsupagaininmysoul；andafeelingofhope，towhichforsixyearsIhadgotunused，consolesmeforallIhavecomethrough。ThinkonlywhatacoilIshallbein，beforeamonthhence[Campaignopenedbythattime，horridGamebegunagain]；andwhatapasswehadcometo，inDecemberlast:Countryatitslastgasp（AGONISAIT），asifwaitingforextremeunction:andnow——！\"[Ib。xix。323。]……
JUNE8th（ToMadameCamas，——RussianALLIANCEnowcome）:\"Iknowwell，mygoodMamma，thesincerepartyoutakeintheluckyeventsthatbefallus。Themischiefis，wearegotsolow，thatwewantatpresentallmanneroffortunateeventstoraiseusagain；andTwograndconclusionsofPeace[theRussian，theSwedish]，whichmightre—establishPeacethroughout，areatthismomentonlyasteptowardsfinishingtheWarlessunfortunately。\"[Ib。xviii。
146，147。]*
Sameday，JUNE8th（ToD’Argens）:\"Czernichefisonmarchtojoinus。OurCampaignwillnotopentilltowardstheendofthismonth[didopenJuly1st]；butthinkthenwhataprettynoiseinthispoorSilesiaagain！Infine，mydearMarquis，thejobaheadofmeishardanddifficult；andnobodycansaypositivelyhowitwillallgo。Prayforus；anddon’tforgetapoordevilwhokicksaboutstrangelyinhisharness，wholeadsthelifeofonedamned；andwhoneverthelesslovesyousincerely。——Adieu。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。327。]D’Argens（May24th）hasheard，byLettersfromverywell—informedpersonsinVienna，that\"ImperialMajesty，forsometimepast，spendshalfofhertimeinprayingtotheVirgin，andtheotherhalfinweeping。\"\"Iwishher，\"addstheungallantD’Argens，\"aspunishmentforthemischiefsherambitionhascostmankindthesesevenyearspast，thefateofPhaethon’sSisters，andthatshemeltaltogetherintowater！\"[Ib。xix。320
（\"24thMay，1762\"）。]——Takeoneotherlittleutterance；andthentoColonelHordtandthePetersburgsideofthings。
JUNE19th（stilltoD’Argens）；\"WhatisnowgoingoninRussianoCountKaunitzcouldforesee:whathascometopassinEngland，——ofwhichthehatefulestpart[Bute’saltogetherextraordinaryattempts，intheKaunitz，intheCzarPeterdirection，toFORCEaPeaceuponme]isnotyetknowntoyou，——Ihadnonotionof，informingmyplans！TheGovernorofaState，introubloustimes，nevercanbesure。Thisiswhatdisgustsmewiththebusiness，incomparison。AManofLettersoperatesonsomethingcertain；
aPoliticiancanhavealmostnodataofthatkind。\"[Ib。xix。
p。329。]（Howeasyeverybody’stradebutone’sown！）
ReadersknowwhatatragedypoorPeter’swas。HisCzernichefdidjointheKing；butwithfarlessadvantagethanCzernicheforanybodyhadanticipated！——ItisnoneofourintentiontogointothechaoticRussianelement，orthatwildlyblazingsanguinaryCatharine—and—Peterbusiness；ofwhich，atanyrate，thereareplentifulaccountsincommoncirculation，moreorlessaccurate，——
especiallyM。Rulhiere’s，[HistoireouAnecdotessurlaRevolutiondeRussieenl’annes1762（written1768；firstprintedParis，1797:
EnglishTranslation，London，1797）。]themostsuccinct，lucidandleastunsatisfactory，intheaccessiblelanguages。OnlysofarasFriedrichwasconcernedarewe。ButreaderssawthisCouplemarried，underFriedrich’sauspices，——aMarriagewhichhethoughtimportanttwentyyearsago；andsureenoughtheDissolutionofitdidproveimportanttohim，andisanecessaryitemhere！
Readers，eventhosethatknowRULHIERE，willdoubtlessconsenttoalittlesupplementingfromTwootherEye—witnessesofcredit。
ThefirstandprincipalisarespectableEx—SwedishGentleman，whomreadersusedtohearof；theColonelHordtabovementioned，onceoftheFree—CorpsHORDT，butfallenPrisonerlatterly；——whoseexperiencesandreportsareallthemoreinterestingtous，asFriedrichhimselfhadspeciallytodependonthematpresent；
anddoubtless，intimeslongafterwards，nowandthenheardspeechofthemfromHordt。OursecondEye—witnessistheReverendHerrDoctorBusching（oftheERDBESCHREIBUNG，oftheBEITRAGE，andmanyotherWorks，aninvaluablefriendtousallalong）；who，inhiswanderingtime，hadcometobe\"PastoroftheGERMANCHURCHAT
PETERSBURG，\"someyearsback。
WHATCOLONELHORDTANDTHEOTHERSSAWATPETERSBURG
（January—July，1762）。
Autumn，1759，inthesequeltoKUNERSDORF，——whentheRussiansandDaunlaysolongtorpid，uncertainwhattodoexceptkeepFriedrichandPrinceHenriwellseparate，andFriedrichhadsuchwatchings，campingsandmarchingsaboutonthehitherskirtofthem（skirtalwaysveiledinCossacks，andproducingskirmishesasyoumarchedpast），——wedidmentionHordt’scapture；[Supra，vol。x。p。315。]
notmuchhopingthatreaderscouldrememberitinsuchapressofthingsmorememorable。Itwasin，oraspreludeto，oneofthoseskirmishes（oneoftheearliest，andarathersharpone，\"atTrebatsch，\"inFrankfurt—LieberoseCountry，\"4thSeptember，1759\"），thatHordthadhismisfortune:hehadbeenoutreconnoitring，withanOrderlyortwo，beforetheskirmishbegan，wassuddenly\"surroundedby200Cossacks，\"andafterdesperateplungingintobogs，desperatefiringofpistolsandthelike，wastakenprisoner。
WascartedmiserablytoPetersburg，——suchajourneyfordeadennuiasHordtneverknew；andwasthentumbledoutintosolitaryconfinementintheCitadel，aplaceliketheSpanishInquisition；
nottheleastnoticetakenofhisrequestforafewBooks，forleavetoanswerhispoorWife’sLetter，merelybythewords，\"Dearone，Iamalive；\"——andwasleftthere，tothecompanyofhisownreflections，andalifeasifinvacantHades，fortwenty—fivemonthsandthreedays。Afterthelapseofthatperiod，hehassomethingtosaytousagain，andwetransientlylookinuponhimthere。
TheBookweexcerptfromisMemoiresduComtedeHordt（secondedition，2volumes12mo，Berlin，1789）。
ThisisBooksellerPitra’sredactionoftheHordtAutobiography（Berlin，1788，wasPitra’sfirstedition）:severalyearsafter，howmanyisnotsaid，norwhetherHordt（whohadbecomeadignitaryinBerlinsocietybeforePitra’sfeat）wasstilllivingornot，a\"M。Borelly，ProfessorintheMilitarySchool，\"undertookasecondconsiderablyenlargedandimprovedredaction；——ofwhichlatterthereisanEnglishTranslation；easyenoughtoread；butnearlywithoutmeaning，Ishouldfear，toreadersunacquaintedwiththesceneandsubject。[MemoirsoftheCountdeHordt:
London，1806:2vols。12mo，——onlytheFIRSTvolumeofwhich（unavailablehere）isinmypossession。]Hordtwasreckonedaperfectlyveracious，intelligentkindofman:butheseldomgivestheleastdate，specificationorprecisedetail；andhisBookreads，notliketheTestimonyofanEye—witness，whichitis，andvaluablewhenyouunderstandit；butmorelikesomevagueForgery，compiledbyadestituteinventiveindividual，regardlessoftheTenCommandments（sparinglyconsultingevenhisfileofOldNewspapers），andwritingaBookwhichwoulddeservethetread—mill，werethereanyPoliceinhistrade！——
WEDNESDAY，6thJANUARY，1762，Hordt’svacantHadesofanexistenceintheCitadelofPetersburgwasbrokenbyaloudsound:
threeminute—gunswentofffromdifferentsides，closeby；andthenwholesalvos，pealafterpeal:\"Czarinagoneovernight，PeterIII。
Czarinherstead！\"saidtheOfficer，rushingintotellHordt；
towhomitwasasnewsofresurrectionfromthedead。\"Eveningofsameday，anAide—de—CampofthenewCzarcametoannouncemyliberty；equipagewaitingtotakemeatoncetohisRussianMajesty。Askedhimtodeferittillthefollowingday——soagitatedwasI。\"AndindeedtheCzar，busytakingacclamations，oathsoffealty，ridingaboutamonghisTroopsbytorchlight，couldhavemadelittleofmethatevening。[Hermann，GeschichtedesRussischenStaats，v。241。]\"Ultimately，mypresentationwasdeferredtillSunday\"January10th，\"thatitmightbedonewithpropersplendor，alltheNobilitybeingthenusuallyassembledabouthisMajesty。\"
\"JANUARY10th，Waited，amidcrowdsofNobility，intheGallery，accordingly。WaspresentedintheGallery，throughwhichtheCzar，followedbyCzarinaandalltheCourt，werepassingontheirwaytoChapel。Czarmadeashortkindspeech（’Delightedtodoyouanactofjustice，Monsieur，andreturnavaluableservanttotheKingI
esteem’）；gavemehishandtokiss:Czarinadidthesame。
GeneralKorf，\"anexcellentfriend，sokindtomeatKonigsberg，whileIwasgettingcartedhither，andaGeneralnowinhighofficehere，\"whohadbeenmyintroducer，ledmeintoChapel，totheCourt’splace（TRIBUNEDELACOUR）。Czarcameacrossrepeatedly[whilepublicworshipwasgoingon；aCzarperhapstooregardlessthatway！]totalktome；dweltmuchonhisattachmenttotheKing。
Oncomingout，theHeadChamberlainwhisperedme，’YoudinewiththeCourt。’\"Which，ofcourse，Idid。
\"Tablewasofsixtycovers；splendidastheArabianTales。CzarandCzarinasatsidebyside；KorfandIhadthehonortobeplacedoppositethem。HardlywereweseatedwhentheCzaraddressedme:
’YouhavehadnoPrussiannewsthislongwhile。IamgladtotellyouthattheKingiswell，thoughhehashadsuchfightingtorightandleft；——butIhopetherewillsoonbeanendtoallthat。’
Wordswhicheverybodylistenedtolikeprophecy！[PeterisnothingofaPolitician。]’Howlonghaveyoubeeninprison？’continuedtheCzar。’Twenty—fivemonthsandthreedays，yourMajesty。’’Wereyouwelltreated？’Hordthesitated，knewnotwhattosay；but，theCzarurginghim，confessed，’Hehadbeenalwaysratherbadlyused；
notevenallowedtobuyafewbookstoread。’AtwhichtheCzarinawasevidentlyshocked:’CELAESTBIENBARBARE！’sheexclaimedaloud。——Iwishedmuchtoreturnhomeatonce；andpetitionedtheCzaronthatsubject，duringcoffee，inthewithdrawingrooms；
butheanswered，’No，youmustnot，——nottillanexpressPrussianEnvoyarrive！’Ihadtostay，therefore；andwasthenceforthalmostdailyatCourt\"，——butunluckilyalittlevague，andaltogetherDATELESSastowhatIsawthere！
BIERENANDMUNNICH，BOTHOFTHEMJUSTHOMEFROMSIBERIA，ARETO
DRINKTOGETHER（Nodate:PalaceofPetersburg，Spring，1762）。——
Peterhadbeguninagreatway:allforliberalism，enlightenment，abolitionofabuses，generalmagnanimityonhisownandeverybody’spart。Rulhieredidnotseethefollowingscene；butitseemstobewellenoughvouchedfor，andRulhiereheardittalkedofinsociety。\"Asmanyas20，000persons，itiscounted，havecomehomefromSiberianExile:\"theL’Estocs，theMunnichs，Bierens，allmannerofinternecinefigures，asifrisenfromthedead。
\"SincethenightwhenMunnicharrestedBieren[readerspossiblyrememberit，andMannstein’saccountofit[Supra，vol。vii。
p。363。]]，thefirsttimethesetwometwasinthegayandtumultuouscrowdwhichsurroundedthenewCzar。’Come，bygonesbebygones，’saidPeter，noticingthem；’letusthreealldrinktogether，likefriends！’——andorderedthreeglassesofwine。
Peterwasbeginninghisglasstoshowtheothersanexample，whensomebodycamewithamessagetohim，whichwasdeliveredinalowtone；Peterlisteningdrankouthiswine，setdowntheglass，andhastenedoff；sothatBierenandMunnich，thetwooldenemies，wereleftstanding，glassinhand，eachwithhiseyesontheCzar’sglass；——atlength，astheCzardidnotreturn，theyflashedeachhiseyesintotheother’sface；andafteramoment’ssurvey，setdowntheirglassesuntasted，andwalkedoffinoppositedirections。\"[Rulhiere，p。33。]Won’tcoalesce，itseems，inspiteoftheCzar’shighwishes。AnemblemofmuchthatbefellthepoorCzarinhispresenthighcourseofgoodintentionsandheadlongmagnanimities！——WereturntoHordt:——
THECZARWEARSAPORTRAITOFFRIEDRICHONHISFINGER。\"CzarPeterneverdisguisedhisPrussianpredilections。Oneeveninghesaid，’ProposetoyourfriendKeith[EnglishExcellencyhere，whomweknow]togivemeasupperathishouseto—morrownight。TheotherForeignMinisterswillperhapsbejealous；butIdon’tcare！’
SupperattheEnglishEmbassytookplace。Onlytenortwelvepersons，oftheCzar’schoosing，werepresent。Czarverygayandinfinespirits。TalkedmuchoftheKingofPrussia。Showedmeasignet—ringonhisfinger，withFriedrich’sPortraitinit；
ringwashandedroundthetable。\"[Hordt，ii。118，124，129。]
Thisisasignet—ringfamousatCourtinthesemonths。OnedayPeterhadlostit（mislaidsomewhere），andgotintofuriousexplosiontillitwasfoundforhimagain。[Hermann，v。258。]
LetusnowhearBusching，ourGeographicalFriend，foramoment:——
HERRPASTORBUSCHINGDOESTHEHOMAGINGFORSELFANDPEOPLE……
\"InmostCountries，itisOfficialorMilitaryPeoplethatadministertheOathofHomage，onachangeofSovereigns。ButinPetersburg，amongtheGermanpopulation，itisthePastorsoftheirrespectiveChurches。AttheaccessionofPeterIII。，I，forthefirsttime[beingstillayounghandratherthananold]，tooktheOathfromseveralthousandsinmyChurch，\"——andhandeditover，withmyown，intheproperquarter。
\"AstotheCongratulatoryAddresses，thenewCzarreceivedtheCongratulationsofallclasses，andalsoofthePastorsoftheForeignChurches，inthefollowingmanner。Hecamewalkingslowlythroughasuiteofrooms，ineachofwhichabodyofCongratulatorswereassembled。Court—officialspreceded，State—officialsfollowedhim。ThencametheCzarina，attendedinasimilarway。AndalwaysonenteringanewroomtheyreceivedanewCongratulationfromthespokesmanofthepartythere。ThespokesmanofusProtestantPastorswasmycolleague，SeniorTrefurt；buttheGeneral—in—ChiefandHead—of—Police，BaronvonKorf[Hordt’sfriend，knowntousabove，German，weperceive，bycreedandname]，thinkingitwasI
thathadtomakethespeech，andintendingtopresentmeatthesametimetotheCzar，motionedtomefromhisplacebehindtheCzartoadvance。ButIdidnotpushforward；thinkingitinopportuneandofnoimportancetome。\"——\"NeitherdidIsharethegreatexpectationswhichBaronvonKorfandeverybodyentertainedofthisnewreign。Allpeoplenowpromisedthemselvesbettertimes，withoutreflecting[astheyshouldhavedone！]thatthebettermennecessarytoproducethesewerenowhereforthcoming！\"[Busching’sBeitrage，vi。（\"Author’sownBiography\"）462
etseq。]
Forthefirsttwoorthreemonths，Peterwastheidolofalltheworld:suchgenerositiesandmagnanimities；Suchzealanddiligence，onemagnanimousimprovementfollowinganother！HehadatonceabolishedTortureinhisLaw—Courts:resolvedtohavearegularCodeofLaws，——andJudgestobedependedonfordoingjustice。He\"destroyedmonopolies；\"\"loweredthepriceofsalt。\"
Tothejoyofeverybody，hehadhastened（January18th，secondweekofreign）toabolishtheSECRETCHANCERY，——ahorridSpanish—
Inquisitionengineofdomesticpolitics。HisNobilityhehaddeterminedshouldbenoble:January28th（thirdweekofreignjustbeginning），heabsolvedtheNobilityfromallserviledutiestohim:\"Youcantravelwhenandwhereyouplease；youarenotobligedtoserveinmyArmies；youmayserveinanybody’snotatwarwithme！\"underplauditsloudanduniversalfromthatOrderofmen。
AndwaspetitionedbyagratefulPetersburgworld:\"Permitus，magnanimousCzar，toraiseastatueofyourMajestyinsolidGold！\"
\"Don’tatall！\"answeredPeter:\"Ah，ifbygoodgoverningIcouldraiseamemorialinmyPeople’shearts；thatwouldbetheStatueforme！\"[Hermann，v。248。]PoorheadlongPeter！——ItwasalessluckystepthatofinformingtheClergy（datenotgiven），ThatintheCzarshiplaySpiritualSovereigntyaswellasTemporal，andthatHEwouldhenceforthadministertheirrichAbbeyLandsandthelike:——thisgaveasadshocktotheupperstrataofPriesthood，extendinggraduallytothelower，andultimatelyraisinganominousgeneralthought（perhapsworsethanageneralcry）of\"ChurchinDanger！Alas，isourCzarregardlessofHolyReligion，then？
Perhaps，atheartstillLutheran，andhasnoReligion？\"This，andhistooheadlongPrussiantendencies，arecountedtohavedonehiminfinitemischief。
HERRBUSCHINGSEESTHECZARONHORSEBACK。\"WhentheCzar’sownRegimentofCuirassierscametoPetersburg，theCzar，dressedintheuniformoftheregiment，rodeouttomeetit；andreturningatitshead，roderepeatedlythroughcertainquartersoftheTown。
Hishelmetwasbuckledtightwithleatherstrapsunderthechin；
hesathishorseasuprightandstiffasawoodenimage；heldhissabreinequallystiffmanner；turnedfixedlyhiseyestotheright；andneverbyahair’s—breadthchangedthatposture。Insuchattitudehetwicepassedmyhousewithhisregiment，withoutchangingafeatureatsightofthemanypersonswhocrowdedthewindows。Tome[inmyprivatelyausterejudgment]heseemedsoKLEINGEISTISCH，sosmall—mindedaperson，thatI\"——infact，knewnotwhattothinkofit。[Busching，Beitrage，
vi。464。]
HORDTSEESTHEDECEASEDCZARINALYINGINSTATE。\"Oneday，afterdiningatCourt，GeneralKorfproposedthatweshouldgoandseetheLITDEPARADE\"（Parade—bed）ofthelateCzarina，whichisinanotherPalace，notfaroff。\"CountSchuwalof[NOTheroldlover，whohasDIEDsinceher，pooroldcreature；buthisSon，acultivatedman，afterwardsVoltaire’sfriend]accompaniedus；
and，hisroomsbeingcontiguoustothoseofthedeadLady，heaskedustotakecoffeewithhimafterwards。TheImperialBierstoodintheGrandSaloon，whichwashungallroundwithblack，festoonedandgarlandedwithcloth—of—silver；theglareofwax—lightsquiteblinding。Bier，coveredwithcloth—of—goldtrimmedwithsilverlace，wasraiseduponsteps。ArichCrownwasontheheadofthedeadCzarina。BesidethebierstoodFourLadies，twooneachhand，ingrandmourning；immensecrapetrainingonthegroundbehindthem。TwoOfficersoftheLife—Guardoccupiedtheloweststeps:
onthetopmost，atthefootofthebier，wasanArchimandrite（superiorkindofABBOT），whohadaBiblebeforehim，fromwhichhereadaloud，——continuouslytillrelievedbyanother。Thiswentondayandnightwithoutinterruption。Allroundthebier，onstools（TABOURETS），wereplaceddifferentCrowns，andtheinsigniaofvariousOrders，——thoseofPrussia，amongothers。Itbeingestablishedusage，Ihad，tomygreatrepugnance，tokissthehandofthecorpse！WethentalkedalittletotheLadiesinattendance（withtheircrapetrains），jokingaboutthearticleofhand—
kissing；finallyweadjournedforcoffeetoCountSchuwalof’sapartments，whichwereofanincrediblemagnificence。\"Thatsameevening，fartheron，——
\"IsuppedwiththeCzarinhisPETITAPPARTEMENT，PrivateRooms[afinefree—and—easynookofspace！]。ThecompanythereconsistedoftheCountessWoronzow，acreaturewithoutanygraces，bodilyormental，whomtheCzarhadchosenforhisMistress[snub—nosed，pock—marked，fat，andwithaperttongueattimes]，whomIlikedtheless，astherewereoneortwootherveryhandsomewomenthere。
SomeCourtierstoo；andnoForeignersbuttheEnglishEnvoyandmyself。Thesupperwasverygay，andwasprolongedlateintothenight。Theselateorgies，however，didnotpreventhisMajestyfromattendingtobusinessingoodtimenextmorning。Hewouldappearunexpectedly，atanearlyhour，attheSenate，attheSynod[HeadCONSISTORY]，makingthemstandtotheirduties，\"——orpretendtodoit。HisMajestyisnotunderstoodtohavegotmuchrealworkoutofeitheroftheseGoverningBodies；theformer，theSenate，orSECULARone，whichhadfallenverytorpidlatterly，was，notlongafterthis，sufferedtodieoutaltogether。Peterhimselfwasaviolentlypushingman，andnevershrankfromlabor；alwaysinaplungeofhurries，andofirregularhours。Inhisfinaltime，peoplewhispered，\"TheCzariskillinghimself；sitssmoking，tippling，talkingtill2inthemorning；andisoverheadinbusinessagainby7！\"
CZARINAELIZABETH’SFUNERAL，ASSEENBYHORDT（muchabridged）。
\"At10inthemorningallthebellsinPetersburgbrokeout；
andtolledincessantly[dayormonthnothintedat，——norworthseeking；grimdarknessofuniversalfrostperceptibleenough；
clangorofbells；andprocessionseeminglyofmileslong，——onthisextremelyhigherrand！]——Minute—gunswerefiredfromthemomenttheprocessionsetoutfromtheCastletillitarrivedattheCitadel，adistanceoftwoEnglishmilesandahalf。Plankswerelaidalltheway；formingasortofbridgethroughthestreets，andovertheiceoftheNeva。AllthesoldiersoftheGarrisonwererankedinespalieroneachside。Threehundredgrenadiersopenedthemarch；
afterthem，threehundredpriests，insacerdotalcostume；
walkingtwo—and—two，singinghymns。AlltheCrownsandOrders，abovementionedbyme，werecarriedbyhighDignitariesoftheCourt，walkinginsinglefile，eachachamberlainbehindhim。
HearsewasfollowedbytheCzar，skirtofhisblackcloakheldupbyTwelveChamberlains，eachalightedtaperintheOTHERhand。
PrinceGeorgeofHolstein[Czar’sUncle]camenext，thenHolstein—
Beck[Czar’sCousin]。CzarinaCatharinefollowed，alsoonfoot，withalightedtaper；hercloakbornebyallherLadies。
Threehundredgrenadiersclosedtheprocession。Bellstolling，minute—gunsfiring，seasofpeoplecrowding。\"——ThustheRussiansburiedtheirCzarina。Dayanditsduskyfrost—curtainssank；
andBootes，lookingdownfromthestarrydeeps，foundoneTelluricAnomalyforeverhiddenfromhim。ShehadleftofunwornDresses，therichestprocurableinNature（fiveadayherusualallowance，andneverorseldomworntwice），\"15，000andsomehundreds。\"
[Hermann，v。176。]
HORDTISOFTHENEWCZARINACATHARINE’SEVENINGPARTIES。
\"TheCzarinareceivedcompanyeverymorning。Shereceivedeverybodywithgreataffabilityandgrace。Butnotwithstandinghereffortstoappeargay，onecouldperceiveadeepbackgroundofsadnessinher。
Sheknewbetterthananybodytheviolent（ARDENTE）characterofherhusband；andperhapsshethenalreadyforesawwhatwouldcome。
Shealsohadhercircleeveryevening，andalwaysaskedthecompanytostaysupper。Oneevening，whenIwasofherparty，aconfidentialEquerryoftheCzarcamein，andwhisperedmeThatI
hadbeensearchedforalloverTown，tocometosupperattheCOUNTESS’S（thatwastheusualdesignationoftheSultana，\"——DAS
FRAULEIN，speltinRussianways，isthemoreusual）。\"Ibeggedtobeexcusedforthistime，beingengagedtosupwiththeCzarina，towhomIcouldnotwellstatethereasonforwhichIwastoleave。
TheEquerryhadnotgonelong，whensuddenlyagreatnoisewasheard，thetwowingsofthedoorwereflungopen，andtheCzarentered。HesalutedpolitelytheCzarinaandhercircle；calledmewiththatsmilingandgraciousairwhichhealwayshad；tookmebythearm，andsaidtotheCzarina:’Excuseme，Madam，ifto—nightI
carryoffoneofyourguests；itisthisPrussianIhadsearchedforallovertheTown。’TheCzarinalaughed；Imadeheradeepbow，andwentawaywithmyconductor。NextmorningIwenttotheCzarina；who，withoutmentioningwhathadpassedlastnight，saidsmiling，’Comeandsupwithmealwayswhenthereisnothingtopreventit。’\"
FEBRUARY21st，HORDTATZARSKOE—ZELOE。\"OnoccasionoftheCzar’sbirthday[whichgivesusadate，foronce]，[Michaelis，ii。627:
\"Peterborn，21stFebruary，1728。\"]thereweregreatfestivities，lastingaweek。ItbeganwithagrandTEDEUM，atwhichtheCzarwaspresent，butnottheCzarina。Shehad，thatmorning，inobediencetoherhusband’swill，decorated’theCountess’withthecordonoftheOrderofSt。Catharine。ShewasnowdetainedinherApartment’byindisposition；’anddidnotleaveitduringtheeightdaysthefestivitieslasted。\"ThishappenedattheCountryPalace，Zarskoe—Zeloe；andisaturning—pointinpoorPeter’sHistory。
[Hermann，p。253。]Fromthatday，hisCzarinasawthat，bythemediumofherPeter，itwasnotshethatwouldevercometobeAutocrat；notshe，butapock—marked，unbeautifulPerson，withCordonoftheOrderofSt。Catharine，——blessingsonit！FromthatdaytheCzarinasatbroodingherwrongsandherperils，——wrongsDOUE，verymany，andnowwrongstobeSUFFERED，whocansayhowmany！SheperceivesclearlythattheCzarisgonefromher，fixedlysullenather（notwithoutcause）；——andthatSiberia，orworse，ispossiblebyandby。TheCzarinawashelplesslywretchedforsometime；andbydegreesenteredonaPlot；——assistedbyPrincessDashkof（SisteroftheSnub—nosed），byPanin（ourSon’sTutor，\"agenuineSon，Iwillswear，whateverthePapamaythinkinhiswildmoments！\"），byGregoryOrlof（one’spresentLover），andothersoflessmark；——anditripenedexquisitelywithinthenextfourmonths！——
HORDTHEARSTHEPRAISESOFHISKING。\"Nextday[nobodycanguesswhatDAY]IdinedatCourt。IsatoppositetheCzar，whotalkedofnothingbutofhis’goodfriendtheKingofPrussia。’HeknewallthesmallestdetailsofhisCampaigns；allhismilitaryarrangements；thedressandstrengthofallhisRegiments；andhedeclaredaloudthathewouldshortlyputallhistroopsuponthesamefooting[whichhedidshortly，tothegreatdisgustofhistroops]。——Risingfromtable，theCzarhimselfdidmethehonortosay，’Cometo—morrow；dinewithmeENPETITAPPARTEMENT[ontheSNUG，whereweoftenplayhigh—jinks，andgotogreatlengthsinliquorandtobacco]；Iwillshowyousomethingcurious，whichyouwilllike。’Iwentattheaccustomedhour；Ifound——Lieutenant—
GeneralWerner[hiddensincehisaccidentatColberglastwinter，whomabeneficentCzarhassummonedagainintothelightofnoon]！
ImadeagreatfriendshipwiththisdistinguishedGeneral，whowasacharmingman；andwentconstantlyaboutwithhim，tillheleftmehere，\"——CzarishkindnesslettingWernerhome，anddetainingme，tomyregret。[HORDT，i。133—145，151。]
ThePrussianTreaties，firstofPeace（May5th），withallourConquestsflungback，andthenofAlliance，withyourselfandourselves，asitwere，flungintothebargain，——werebynomeanssopopularinPetersburgasinBerlin！FromMay5thonwards，wecansupposePetertobe，perhapsratherrapidly，onthedeclininghand。
Addthefatalelement，\"ChurchinDanger\"（aCzarprivatelyApostate）；hisveryGuardsmenindignantattheirtight—fittingPrussianuniforms，andattheirnolesstightPrussianDRILL
（whichtheCzarisuncommonlyurgentwith）；andaCzarinaPlotsilentlyspreadingonallsides，likesubterraneanminesfilledwithgunpowder！——
HERRBUSCHINGSEESTHECATASTROPHE（Friday，9thJuly，1762）。
\"ThisbeingthedaybeforePeter—and—Paul，whichisagreatHolidayinPetersburg，Idroveout，between9and10inthemorning，tovisitthesick。OnmywayfromthefirsthousewhereIhadcalled，Iheardadistantnoiselikethatofarisingthunder—storm，andaskedmypeoplewhatitwas。Theydidnotknow；butitappearedtothemliketheShoutingofaMob（VOLKSGESCHREI），andtherewereallsortsofrumorsafloat。Somesaid，’TheCzarhadsuddenlyresolvedtogethimselfcrownedatPetersburg，beforesettingoutfortheWaronDenmark。’Otherssaid，’HehadnamedtheCzarinatobeRegentduringhisabsence，andthatshewastobecrownedforthispurpose。’Theserumorsweretoosilly:meanwhilethenoiseperceptiblydrewnearer；andIorderedmycoachmantoproceednofarther，buttoturnhome。
\"Ongettinghome，IcalledmyWife；andtoldher，Thatsomethingextraordinarywasthengoingon，butthatIcouldnotlearnwhat；
thatitappearedtomelikesomepopularTumult，whichwascomingnearertouseverymoment。Wehurriedtothecornerroomofourhouse；threwopenthewindow，whichlookstotheChurchofSt。MaryofCasan[whereanActofThanksgivinghasjustbeenconsummated，ofaverypeculiarkind！]——andwethensaw，nearthisChurch，aninnumerablecrowdofpeople；dressedandhalf—dressedsoldiersofthefoot—regimentsoftheGuardsmixedwiththepopulace。
Weperceivedthatthecrowdpressedroundacommontwo—seatedHackneyCoachdrawnbytwohorses；inwhich，afterafewminutes，aLadydressedinblack，andwearingtheOrderofSt。Catharine，comingoutofthechurch，tookaseat。Whereuponthechurch—bellsbeganringing，andthepriests，withtheirassistantscarryingcrosses，gotintoprocession，andwalkedbeforetheCoach。WenowrecognizedthatitwastheCzarinaCatharinesalutingthemultitudetorightandleft，asshefaredalong。\"[Beitrage，vi。465:compareRULHIERE，p。95；HERMANN，v。287。]
Yes，Doctor，thatLadyinblackistheCzarina；andhascomeadriveoftwentymilesthismorning；anddoneagreatdealofbusinessinTown，——onedaybeforethesettime。InherremoteApartmentatPeterhof，thismorning，between2and3，sheawoketoseeAlexeiOrlof，calledoftenerSCARREDOrlof（LoverGREGORY’S
Brother），kneelingatherbedside，withthewords，\"Madam，youmustcome:thereisnotamomenttolose！\"——who，seeingherawake，vanishedtogetthevehiclesready。About7，she，withtheScarredandhermaidandavaletortwo，arrivedattheGuards’Barrackshere，——GregoryOrlof，andothersconcerned，waitingtoreceiveher，inthefittemperforplayingatsharps。Shehasspokenalittle，weptalittle，totheGuards（stillonlyhalf—dressed，manyofthem）:\"Holyreligion，RussianEmpirethrownatthefeetofPrussia；mypoorSontobedisinherited:Alack，ohoo！\"
WhereupontheGuards（theirOfficersalreadygainedbyOrlof）haveindignantlyblazedupintothefitHurra—hurra—ing:——andhere，sinceabout9A。M。，wehavejustbeeninthe\"ChurchofSt。MaryofCasan\"（\"Oh，myfriends，OrthodoxReligion，firstofall！\"）doingTE—DEUMSandtheotherDivineOffices，forthethrice—happyRevolutionandDeliverancenowvouchsafedusandyou！AndtheHerrDoctor，underoutburstofthechimesofSt。Mary，andofthejubilantSoldieriesandPopulations，seestheCzarinasalutingtorightandleft；andPriests，withtheirassistantsandcrucifixes（\"Beholdthem，yeOrthodox；isthereanythingequaltotrueReligion？\"），walkingbeforeherHackneyCoach。
\"OntheonestepofherCoach，\"continuestheHerrDoctor，\"stoodGrigoreiGrigorjewitshOrlow，\"sohespellshim，\"andinfrontofit，withdrawnsword，rodetheField—marshalandHetmanCountKirilaGrigorjewitshRasomowski，ColoneloftheIsmailowGuard。
Lieutenant—General（soontobeGeneral—Ordnance—Master）Villeboiscamegallopingup；leaptfromhishorseunderourwindows，andplacedhimselfontheotherstepoftheCoach。Theprocessionpassedbeforeourhouse；goingfirsttotheNewstonePalace，thentotheOldwoodenWinterPalace。CommonRussiansshoutedmockinglyuptous，’Yourgod[meaningtheCzar]isdead！’Andothers，’Heisgone；wewillhavenomoreofhim！’\"——
Aboutthishouroftheday，atOranienbaum（ORANGE—TREE，sometwentymilesfromhere，andfromPeterhofguesstenortwelve），CzarPeterisdrillingzealouslyhisbraveHolsteiners（2，000ormore，\"theflowerofallmytroops\"）；andhasnot，forhoursafter，theleastinklingofallthis。CatharinehadbeenacrosstovisithimonWednesday，nofartherback；andhadkindledOranienbaumintoopera，intoilluminationandwhatnot。Thursday（yesterday），CzarandCzarinametatsomeGrandee’sfestivity，wholivesbetweentheirtwoResidences。ThisdaytheCzarisappointedforPeterhof；
to—morrow，July10th（Peter—and—Paul’sgrandHoliday），Czar，CzarinaandunitedCourtweretohavedonetheFestivitiestogetherthere，——withCzarina’spowder—mineofPlotlaidunderthem；
whichlatterhasexplodedonedaysooner，inthepresenthappymanner！ThepoorCzar，thisday，ongettingtoPeterhof，andfindingCzarinavanished，understoodtoowell；hesaw\"bigsmoke—
cloudsrisesuddenlyoverPetersburgregion，\"withal，——\"Ha，shehascannongoingforheryonder；salvoingandhomaging！\"——andrushedbacktoOranienbaumhalfmad。OldMunnichundertooktosavehim，byone，bytwooreventhreedifferentmethods，\"Onlyorderme，andstanduptoitwithswordbare！\"——butPeter’switswereallflyingmiscellaneouslyabout，andhecouldresolveonnothing。
PeterandhisCzarinanevermetmore。Saturday（to—morrow），heabdicates；drivesovertoPeterhof，expecting，asperbargain，interviewwithhisWife；freedomtoretiretoHolstein，and\"everysortofkindnesscompatiblewithhissituation:\"butismetthereinstead，onthestaircase，bybrutalpeople，whoteartheordersoffhiscoat，atlengththeveryclothesoffhisback，——andpackhimawaytoRopscha，aquietVillasomemilesoff，tositsilenttheretillOrlofandCompanyhaveconsidered。Considerationis:
\"ToHolstein？HehasanAnti—DanishRussianArmyjustnowinthatneighborhood；hewillnotbesafeinHolstein；——wherewillhebesafe？\"Saturday，17th，Peter’sseventhdayinRopscha，theOrlofs（ScarredOrlofandFourothermiscreants，oneofthemaPrince，oneaPlay—actor）cameover，andmurderedpoorPeter，inatreacherous，andevenbunglinganddisgusting，andaltogetherhideousmanner。
\"Aglassofburgundy[poisonedburgundy]，yourHighness？\"saidthey，atdinnerwithhispoorHighness。Onthebackofwhich，theburgundyhavingfailedandbeenfoundout，camegrapplingandhauling，trampling，shrieking，andatlaststrangulation。
SurelytheDevilwillrewardsuchaFiveofhisElect？——ButwedetainHerrBusching:itisstillonlyFridaymorning，9thofthemonth；andtheCzarina’sHackneyCoach，inthemannerofacometandtail，hasjustgoneintootherstreets:——
\"Afterthisterribleuproarhadleftourquarter，IhastenedtotheDanishAmbassador，CountHaxthausen，wholivednearme，tobringhimtheimportantnewsthattheCzarwassaidtobedead。TheCountwasjustabouttoburnamassofPapers，fearingthemobwouldplunderhishouse；buthedidnotproceedwithitnow，andthankedHeavenforsavinghisCountry。HisSecretaryofLegation，myfriendSchumacher，gavemeallthemoneyhehadinhispockets，todistributeamongstthepoor；andIreturnedhome。Directlyafter，therepassedourhouse，atarateasifthehorseswererunningaway，acommontwo—horsecoach，inwhichsatHead—Tutor（OBER—
HOFMEISTER）vonPaninwiththeGrandDuke[famousCzarPaulthatistobe]，whowasstillinhisnightgown，\"poorfrightenedlittleboy！——
\"Notlongafter，IsawsomeoftheFoot—guards，inthepublicstreetneartheWinterPalace，selling，atratesdog—cheap，theirnewuniformsafterthePrussiancut，whichtheyhadstriptoff；
whilstothers，singingmerrily，carriedabout，stuckonthetopoftheirmuskets，orontheirbayonets，theirnewgrenadiercapsofPrussianfashion。[SeeinHERMANN（v。291）theSaxonAmbassador’sReport。]Isawseveralsoldiers，，outonerrandorotherwise，seizingthecoachestheymetinthestreets，anddrivingoninthem。Othersappropriatedtheeatableswhichhucksterscarriedaboutinbaskets。Butinallthiswildtumult，nobodywaskilled；
andonlyatOranienbaumafewHolsteinsoldiersgotwoundedbysomelowRussians，intheirwantonness。
\"July11th，thedisorderamongstthesoldierswasatitsheight；
yetstillmuchlessthanmighthavebeenexpected。ManyofthementeredthehousesofForeigners，anddemandedmoney。Seeinganumberofthemcomeintomyhouse，Ihastilyputaquantityofroublesandhalf—roublesinmypocket，andwentoutwithaservant，especiallywithacheerfulface，tomeetthem，\"——andnoharmwasdone。
\"SATURDAY，JULY17th，wasthedayoftheCzar’sdeath；onthesame17th，theEmpresswasinformedofit；andnextday，hisbodywasbroughtfromRopschatotheConventofSt。AlexanderNewski，nearPetersburg。Hereitlayinstatethreedays；nay，anImperialManifestoevenorderedthatthelasthonorsanddutybepaidtoit。
July20th，IdrovethitherwithmyWife；andtobeabletoviewthebodymoreminutely，wepassedtwicethroughtheroomwhereitlay。
[Anuncommonlybroadneckclothonit，didyouobserve？]Owingtotherapiddissolution，ithadtobeinterredonthefollowingday:
——anditwasatouchingcircumstance，thatthishappenedtobetheverydayonwhichtheCzarhadfixedtostartfromPetersburgonhisCampaignagainstDenmark。\"[Busching，vi。464—467。]
Catharine，onemustownwithashudder，hasnotattainedtheAutocracyofAlltheRussiasgratis。Letushopeshewouldonce——
tilldrivenuponadirealternative——haveherselfshudderedtopurchaseatsuchaprice。Akindofhorrorhauntsone’snotionofherred—handedbrazen—facedOrlofsandher，whichallthecosmeticsoftheworldwillneverquitecover。Andyet，onthespot，inPetersburgatthemoment——！ReadthisClippingfromSmelfungus，onacollateraltopic:——
\"InBUSCHING’SMAGAZINEaresomeLove—lettersfromtheoldMarshalMunnichtoCatharinejustafterthisevent，whicharepsychologicallycurious。Love—letters，fortheypartakeofthatcharacter；thoughthemanis82，andhashadsuchbreakagesandvicissitudesinthisEarth。Aliveyet，itwouldseem；andfullofambitions。UnspeakablybeautifulisthisyoungWomantohim；
radiantasox—eyedJuno，asDianaofthesilverbow，——suchapowerinhertogratifytheavarices，ambitions，cupiditiesofaninsatiableoldfellow:OdivineyoungEmpress，AuroraofbrightSummerepochs，rosy—fingereddaughteroftheSun，——grantmethegoverningofThis，theadministeringofThat:andseewhatathingIwillmakeofit（I，aninventiveoldgentleman），foryourMajesty’shonorandglory，andmyownadvantage！[Busching，MagazinfurdieneueHistorieundGeographie
（Halle，Year1782），xvi。413—477（22LETTERS，andonlythriceorsoawordofRESPONSEfrom\"MADIVINITE:\"dates，\"Narva，4thAugust，1762\"……\"Petersburg，3dOctober，1762\"）。]——InnumerablepersonsoflessnotethanMunnichhavetheirBiographies，andareknowntothereadingpublicandinallbarbers’—shops，ifthatwereanadvantagetothem。Veryconsiderable，thisMunnich，asasoldier，foronething。Andsurelyhadverystrangeadventures；anoriginalGermancharacterwithal:——aboutthestatureofBelleisle，forexample；
andnotquiteunlikeBelleisleinsomeofhisways？CameoriginallyfromtheswampsofOldenburg，orLowerWeserCountry，——sonofaDEICHGRAFE（Ditch—Superintendent）there。REQUIESCANTinoblivioussilence，Belleisleandhe；itisbetterthanbeingliedof，andmaunderedof，andblotchedandblunderedof。
\"Biographieswereoncerhythmic，earnestasdeathoraslife，earnestastranscendenthumanInsightrisentotheSingingpitch；
someHomer，naysomePsalmistorEvangelist，spokesmanofreverentPopulations，wastheBiographer。Rhythmic，WITHexactitude，investigationtotheverymarrow；this，orelseoblivion，Biographyshouldnow，andatalltimes，be；butisnot，——byanymannerofmeans。Withwhatresultsisvisibleenough，ifyouwilllook！
HumanStupor，fallenintothedishonest，lazyandUNfloggedcondition，istrulyanawfulthing。\"
CatharinedidnotpersistinherAnti—Prussiandetermination。
July9th，theManifestohadbeenindignantlyemphaticonPrussia；
July22d，inaNotetoGoltzfromtheCzarina，itwasallwithdrawnagain。[Rodenbeck，ii。171。]LookingintothedeceasedCzar’sPapers，shefoundthatFriedrich’sLetterstohimhadcontainednothingofwrongoroffensive；alwaysexcellentadvices，onthecontrary，——advice，amongothers，Tobeconciliatorytohisclever—
wittedWife，andtomakeherhisally，nothisopponent，inlivingandreigning。InKonigsberg（July16th，sevendaysafterJuly9th），theRussianGovernor，justonthepointofquitting，emittedProclamation，toeverybody’shorror:\"No；altered，allthat；
underpainofdeath，yourOathtoRussiastillvalid！\"Whichforthenexttendays，ortillhisnewproclamation，madesuchaKonigsbergofitasmaybeimagined。ThesightofthoseLettersisunderstoodtohaveturnedthescale；whichhadhungwaveringtillJuly22dintheCzarina’smind。\"Canitbegood，\"shemightprivatelythinkwithal，\"tobeginourreignbykindlingafoolishWaragain？\"HowFriedrichreceivedthenewsofJuly9th，andintowhatacrisisitthrewhim，weshallsoonsee。HisCampaignhadbegunJuly1st；——andhasbeensummoningushome，intoITShorizon，forsometime。
ChapterXI。
SEVENTHCAMPAIGNOPENS。
Freidrich’splanofCampaignissettledlongsince:RecaptureSchweidnitz；clearSilesiaoftheenemy；SilesiaandallourownDominionsclear，wecanthenstandfencibleagainsttheAustrianperseverances。Peace，oneday，theymustgrantus。ThegeneraltideofEuropeanthingsischangedbytheseoccurrencesinPetersburgandLondon。Peaceisevidentlynear。FranceandEnglandareagainbeginningtonegotiate；noPittnowtoberigorous。ThetideofWarhasbeenwaveringatitssummitfortwoyearspast；andnow，withthisofRussia，andthisofButeinsteadofPitt，thereisebbeverywhere，andallEuropedeterminingforpeace。Steadyatthehelm，asheretofore，aFriedrich，withtheworld—currentinhisfavor，mayhopetogethomeafterall。
AustrianHead—quartershadbeenatWaldenburg，underLoudonorhisLieutenants，allWinter。LoudonreturnedthitherfromViennaApril7th；butisnottocommandinchief，thisYear，——Schweidnitzstillstickinginsomepeople’sthroats:\"Dangerous；amanwithsuchrashpractices，rapiditiesandPandourtendencies！\"DaunistocommandinSilesia；Loudon，underhim，obscuretoushenceforth，andinoffensivetoOfficialpeople。ReichsArmyshalltakechargeofSaxony；nominallyaReichsArmy，thoughthereare35，000Austriansinit，asthesoulofit，undersomeSerbelloni，someStollbergasChief——（thefact，Ibelieve，is:Serbellonigotangrilydisplacedonthat\"crossingoftheMuldabyPrinceHenri，May13th；\"
PrinceofZweibruckhadangrilyabdicatedayearbefore；andaPrincevonStollbergisnowGeneralissimoofReichandAllies:
butitisnokindofmatter），——someStollberg，withSerbelloni，Haddick，Maguireandsuchlikeinsubalternplaces。CunctatorDaun，inspiteofhislatesleepyways，istobeHead—managain:
thissurelyisacheeringcircumstancetoFriedrich；Loudon，notDaun，beingtheonlymanheevergotmuchillofhitherto。
DaunarrivesinWaldenburg，May9th；andtoshowthatheisnotcunctatory，stepsoutwithinaweekafter。May15th，hehasdescendedfromhisMountains；hassweptroundbythebackandbythefrontofSchweidnitz，farandwide，intothePlainCountry，andencampedhimselfcrescent—wise，manymilesinlength，Head—quarterneartheZobtenberg。BentfondlyroundSchweidnitz；meaning，asisevident，todefendSchweidnitzagainstallcomers，——hisverypositionsymbolicallyintimating:\"Iwillfightforit，PrussianMajesty，ifyoulike！\"
PrussianMajesty，however，seemedtotakenonoticeofhim；
and，whatwasverysurprising，kepthisoldquarters:
\"aCantonment，orChainofPosts，tenmileslong；SchweidnitzWateronhisrightflank，Oderonhisleft；\"perfectlysafe，asheperceives，beingabletoassembleinfourhours，ifDauntryanything。[Tempelhof，vi。66。]And，infact，satthere，anddidnotcomeintotheFieldatallforfiveweeksormore；——waitingtillCzernichef’s20，000arrive，whoareonmarchfromThornsinceJune2d。Meresmall—wargoesonintheinterim；worldgettingallgreenerandflowerier；theGlatzHighlands，toone’sleftyonder（Owl—Mountains，EULENGEBIRGEsocalled），lyingmagicallyblueandmysterious:——onthePlaininfrontofthem，tenmilesfromthefinalpeaksofthem，isSchweidnitzFortress，lyingfullinview，withapickedGarrisonof12，000underapickedCaptain，andallelseofdefenceorimpregnability；andFriedrichprivatelydeterminedtotakeit，thoughbymethodsofhisownchoosing，andwhichcannotcommencetillCzernichefcome。Daun，withhisrightwing，hasholdofthoseHighlandRegions，andcautiouslyguardsthem；can，whenhepleases，wendbacktoWaldenburgCountry；andatonce，withhissuperiornumbers，blockallpassages，andsitthereimpregnable。ThemethodsofdislodginghimareobscuretoFriedrichhimself；butmethodstheremustbe，dislodgedhemustbe，andsentpacking。Withoutthat，allsiegeofSchweidnitzisflatlyimpossible。
June27th，Friedrich’sHead—quarterisTintz，Czernichefnownigh:
[Tempelhof，vi。76。]twodaysago（June25th），Czernichef’sCossacks\"crossedtheOderatAuras，\"——withhowdifferentobjectsfromthosetheyusedtohave！JULY1st，Czernichefhimselfishere，infulltaleandequipment。Hadencamped，adayago，ontheFieldofLissa；whereMajestyreviewedhim，inspectedandmanoeuvredhim，withgreatmutualsatisfaction。\"FieldofLissa；\"itiswhereourpoorPrussianpeopleencampedonthenightofLeuthen，withtheir\"NUNDANKETALLEGOTT，\"fiveyearsago，inmemorablecircumstances:
towhatvarioususesareEarth’sFieldsliable！
Friedrich，bydegrees，hasconsiderablychangedhisopinion，andbenttowardsthelateKeith’s，aboutRussianSoldiery:aSoldieryofmostvariouskinds；frompredatoryCossacksandCalmuckstothosenobleGrenadiers，whomwesawsitdownontheWallsofSchweidnitzwhentheirworkwasdone。Aperfectlysteadyobedienceisinthesemen；atanyandalltimesobedient，tothedeathifneedful，andwithasilence，withasteadfastnessasofrocksandgravitation。Whichisasuperlativequalityinsoldiers。GoodinNationstoo，withinlimits；andmuchadistinctionintheRussianNation:rare，oralmostunique，intheseunrulyTimes。TheRussianshaveprivatelyhadtheiradmirationsofFriedrich，allthiswhile；
andcalledhimbyIforgetwhatunpronounceablevernacularepithet，signifying\"SonofLightning，\"orsomesuchthing。
[Buchholz，NeuestePreussisch—BrandenburgischeGeschichte（1775），volii。（pageirrecoverable）。]Nodoubttheyareproudtohaveastrokeofserviceundersuchaone，sinceFatherPeterFeodorowitshgraciouslyordersit:theveryCossacksshowanalertness，avivacity；andseecheerypossibilitiesahead，inCountriesnotyetplunderedout。TheystayedwithFriedrichonlyThreeWeeks，——RussiabeinganuncertainCountry。Aswehaveseenabove；thoughFriedrich，whoisvitallyconcerned，hasnotyetseen！Buttheirjunctionwithhim，andreviewbyhimintheFieldofLissa，haditsusesbyandby；andmaybecountedanepochinRussianHistory，ifnothingmore。ThepoorRussianNation，mostpitiableofloyalNations，——strugglingpatientlyahead，onthosebadterms，undersuchCATINSandfoulNightmares，——hasit，shallwesay，quitegonewithoutconquestinthismadWar？Perhaps，notquite。IthasatleastshownEuropethatitpossessesfightingqualities:achangedNation，sinceKarlXII。beatthemeasily，atNarva，8，000to80，000，inthesnowymorning，longsince！——
Czernichefoncecome，andinhisplaceintheCampofTintz，businessinstantlybegins，——business，andapressofit，inrightearnest；——uponthehithertoidleDaun。July1st，thereisgeneralcomplexAdvanceeverywhereonFriedrich’spart；generalattempttowardstheMountains。UponwhichDaun，wellawake，atoncerollsuniversallythitherwardagain；takespostinfrontoftheMountains，——ontheHeightsofKunzendorf，towit（Loudon’soldpostinBunzelwitztime）；—andelaboratelyspreadshimselfoutindefencethere。\"Takehimmultifariouslybytheleftflank，getbetweenhimandhisMagazineatBraunau！\"thinksFriedrich。Discoveringwhich，DaunstraightwayhitchesbackintotheMountainsaltogether，leavingKunzendorftoFriedrich’suseasmaincamp。HisoutmostAustrians，ontheedgeoftheMountainCountry，andbackasfarassuitable，Daunelaboratelyposts；andintrencheshimselfbehindtheminallthecommandingpoints，——Schweidnitzstillwellinsight；andBraunauandtheroadstoitwellcapableofbeingguarded。Daun’sHead—quarterisTannhausen；Burkersdorf，Ludwigsdorf，ifreaderscanrememberthem，arefrontwardposts:——inhisoldimperturbablewayDaunsitstherewaitingevents。
Andfornearthreeweeksthereensuesaverymultiplexseriesofrapidmovements，andalarmingdemonstrations，onDaun’sfront，onDaun’srightflank；withseriousextensiveeffort（maskedinthatway）toturnDaun’sleftflank，andpushroundbyLandshutCountryuponBohemiaandBraunau。EffortveryseriousindeedonthatLandshutside:conductedatfirstbyFriedrichinperson，withGeneralWied（calledalsoNEUwied，amanofmarksinceLiegnitztime）assecondunderhim；latterlybyWiedhimself，asFriedrichfounditgrowingdubiousorhopeless。ThatwasFriedrich’sfirstnotionoftheDaunproblem。Therearerapidmarcheshere，there，roundthatwesternorleftflankofDaun；suddenspurtsoffiercefighting，oftenestwithastiffclimbaspreliminary:butnottheleastrealsuccessonDaun。Daunperfectlycomprehendswhatisonfoot；refusestotakeshineforsubstance；standsmassed，orgrouped，athisownskilfuljudgment，intheproperpointsforBraunau，stillmoreforSchweidnitz；andisveryvigilantandimperturbable。
KunzendorfHeights，whicharenotoftheHills，butinfrontofthem，withastripofflatstillintervening；——these，wesaid，Daunhadatoncequitted:andthesearenowFriedrich’s；——butyieldhimaverycomplexprospectatpresent。AlineofopposingHeights，Burkersdorf，Ludwigsdorf，Leuthmannsdorf，bristlingwithabundantcannon；behindisthemultiplexseaofHills，risinghigherandhigher，totheridgeoftheEulenberginGlatzCountry10or12
milessouthward:Daun，withforcesmuchsuperior，calmlylordofallthat；infinitelyneedingtobeousted，couldonebutsayhow！
FriedrichbeginstoperceivethatBraunauwillnotdo；thathemustcontrivesomeotherplan。GeneralWiedhestillleavestoprosecutetheBraunauscheme:perhapsthereisstillsomechanceinit；
atlowestitwillkeepDaun’sattentionthitherward。AndWiedperseveresuponBraunau；andBraunauprovingimpossible，pushespastitdeeperintoBohemia，Daunloftilyregardlessofhim。
Wied’smarchesandattemptswereofapprovedquality；
thoughunsuccessfulinthewayofstirringDaun。Wied’sLighttroopswentscouringalmostasfarasPrag，——especiallya500
Cossacksthatwerewithhim，followingtheiroldfashion，inanewCountry。TothehorrorofAustria；whoshriekedloudly，feelingtheminherownbowels；thoughsoquietwhiletheywereinotherpeople’sonherscore。Thisofthe500CossacksunderWied，ifthiswereanything，wasallofactualworkthatFriedrichhadfromhisCzernichefAllies；——nothingmoreofrealoractualwhiletheystayed，thoughsomethingofimaginaryorostensiblewhichhaditsimportance，asweshallsee。
Friedrich，inthethirdweek，recallsWied:\"Braunauclearlyimpossible；onlyletusstillkeepupappearances！\"July18th，WiedisinKunzendorfCountryagain；onanimportantnewenterprise，ormethodwiththeDaunProblem，inwhichWiedistobearaprincipalhand。Thatistosay，ThediscomfitureandoverturnofDaun’srightwing，ifwecan，——sincehislefthasprovedimpossible。ThiswastheSTORMINGOFBURKERSDORFHEIGHTS；Friedrich’snewplan。
Whichdidprovesuccessful，andisstillfamousintheAnnalsofWar:reckonedbyalljudgesabeautifulplan，beautifullyexecuted，andoncemoreawonderfulachievingofwhatseemedtheimpossible，whenithadbecometheindispensable。OneofFriedrich’sprettiestfeats；andthelastofhisnotableperformancesinthisWar。
Readersoughtnottobeleftwithoutsomeshadowyauthenticnotionofit；thoughtherealportraitureorimage（whichisachievabletoo，afterlongstudy）isfortheprofessionalsoldieronly，——forwhomTEMPELHOF，goodmapsandplentyofpatiencearetherecipe。
\"ThesceneistheWallofHeights，runningeastandwest，paralleltoFriedrich’sPositionatKunzendorf；whichformtheFace，ordecisivebeginning，ofthatMountainGlacisspreadinguptenmilesfarther，towardsGlatzCountry。They，theseHeightscalledofBurkersdorf，areineffectDaun’srightwing；vitallyprecioustoDaun，whohastakeneverypainsaboutthem。BurkersdorfHeight（orHeights，fortherearetwo，dividedbytheBrookWeistritz；butweshallneglecttheeasternorlower，whichisruledbytheother，andstandsorfallsalongwithit），BurkersdorfHeightistheprincipal:aHillofsomemagnitude（shortwaysouthoftheVillageofBurkersdorf，whichalsoisDaun’s）；Hillfallingrathersteepdown，ontwoofitssides，namelyonthenorthside，whichistowardsFriedrichandKunzendorf，andontheeastside，whereWeistritzWater，asyetonlyaBrook，gushesoutfromtheMountains，——hasteningtowardsSchweidnitzorSchweidnitzWater；
towardsLissaandLeuthenCountry，wherewehaveseenitonanimportantnight。Weistritz，atthispart，hasscarpedtheeasternflankofBurkersdorfHeight；andmadeforitselfapleasantlittleValleythere:thisistheonePassintotheMountains。AValleyoflevelbottom；whereDaunhasaterrifictrenchandsunkbatterylevelwiththeground，capableofsweepingtodestructionwhoeverenterstherewithoutleave。
\"EastfromBurkersdorfLesserHeight（whichweneglectforthepresent），andalittlefartherinwardsorsouth，areTwootherHeights:LudwigsdorfandLeuthmannsdorf；whichalsoneedcapture，asadjunctsofBurkersdorf，orsecondlinetoBurkersdorf；andareabundantlydifficult，thoughnotsosteepasBurkersdorf。
\"TheEnterprise，therefore，dividesitselfintotwo。WiedistodotheLudwigsdorf—Leuthmannsdorfpart；Mollendorf，theBurkersdorf。
Thestrengthofgunsintheseplaces，especiallyonBurkersdorf，——
weknowDaun’shabitinthatparticular；andneedsaynothing。
Man—devouringbatteries，abatis；battalionspalisadedtotheteeth，’thepalesstrongasmasts，androomonlyforamusket—barrelbetween；’nay，theyare’furnishedwithalathorcross—strapallalong，forrestingyourgun—barrelonandtakingaim:’——socarefulisDaun。Thegrounditselfisintricate，inpartsimpracticablysteep；everywherefullofbushes，gnarlsandimpediments。
Seldomwastheresuchaproblemaltogether！Friedrich’sposition，aswesay，isKunzendorfHeights，withSchweidnitzandhisoldgroundofBunzelwitztorear，Czernichefandotherslyingthere，andWurbenandtheoldVillagesandHeightsagainoccupiedasposts:——whatataleofEgyptianbrickshasonetobake，yourMajesty，oncertainfieldsofthisworld；andwithsuchinsufficiencyofraw—materialsometimes！\"
Bythe16thofJuly，Friedrich’splansarecomplete。Contrived，I
mustsay，withaveracityandopulentpotencyofintellect，flashingclearintothematter，andyetcarefulofthesmallestpracticaldetail。FRIDAY，17th，Mollendorf，withmenandfurniturescomplete，circlesoffnorthwestwardbyWurben（forthebenefitofcertainon—lookers），butwillhavecircledroundtoBurkersdorfneighborhoodtwodayshence；bywhichtimealsoWiedwillbequietlyinhisplacethereabouts，withaviewtobusinessonthe20thand21st。Mollendorf，Wiedandeverything，areprosperouslyunderwayinthismanner，——when，ontheafternoonofthatsameFriday，17th，[CompareTempelhof，vi。99，andRodenbeck，ii。164。]
Czernichefstepsover，mostprivately，tohead—quarters:withwhatabitofnews！\"ARevolutioninPetersburg[JULY9th，aswesawabove，orasHerrBuschingsaw]；CzarPeter，——yourMajesty’sadorer，isdethroned，perhapsmurdered；yourMajesty’senemies，inthenameofCzarinaCatharine，ordermeinstantlyhomewardwithmy20，000！\"Thisistruenews，thisofCzernichef。Amostunexpected，overwhelmingRevolutioninthoseNorthernParts；——notneedingtobefarthertoucheduponinthisplace。
Whathereconcernsusis，Friedrich’sfeelingsonhearingofit；
whichnoreadercannowimagine。Horror，amazement，pity，verypoignant；griefforone’shaplessfriendPeter，forone’sstillmorehaplessself！\"TheSisyphusstone，whichwehadgotdraggedtothetop，thechainsallbeautifullyslackthesethreemonthspast，——hasitleaptawayagain？AndontheeveofBurkersdorf，andourgrandDaunproblem！\"Truly，theDestinieshavebeenquitedramaticwiththisKing，andhavecontrivedthemomentofhittinghimtotheheart。HepassionatelyentreatsCzernicheftobehelpfultohim，——
whichCzernichefwouldfainbe，onlyhowcanhe？Tobehelpful；
atleasttokeepthematterabsolutelysecretyetforsomehours:
thistheobligingCzernichefwilldo。AndFriedrichremains，Czernichefhavingpromisedthis，inthethroesofdesperateconsiderationanduncertainty，hourafterhour，——howmanyhoursI
donotknow。Itisconfidentlysaid，[Retzow，ii。415。]FriedrichhadthethoughtofforciblydisarmingCzernichefandhis20，000:——
inwhichcasehemusthavegivenuptheDaunEnterprise；
forwithoutCzernichefasapositivequantity，muchmorewithCzernichefasanegative，itisimpossible。But，atanyrate，mostluckilyforhimself，hecameuponamilderthought:\"Staywithusyetthreedays，merelyinthesemblanceofAllies，noservicerequiredofyou，butkeepingthematteradeadsecret；——onthefourthdaygo，withmyeternalthanks！\"Thisishismilderproposal；urgedwithhisbesteffortsupontheobligingCzernichef:
whoisinhugedifficulty，andseesittobeatperilofhishead，butgenerouslyconsents。ItisthesameCzernichefwhogotlodgedinCustrincellars，ononeoccasion:know，OKing，——theKing，beforethis，doesbegintoknow，——thatRussianstoocanhavesomethingofheroic，andcanrecognizeaherowhentheyseehim！
InthisfinewaydoesFriedrichgetthefrightfulchasm，orsuddengapofthegroundunderhim，bridgedoverforthemoment；
andproceedsuponBurkersdorfallthesame。