’What，CuratusSchmidt！’interruptsMyLady，whowassittingthere:
’HerrGood—man，whatisthat？’’ThatisaLettertome，’answerstheGood—man:’Whathaveyoutodowithit？’UponwhichMyLadyflouncesoutinahuff，andtheHerrBaronsetsaboutwritinghisAnswer，whateveritmaybe。
\"KappelandFrauaregonetobed，FraustilleloquentuponthemysteryofCuratusSchmidt，whenhisLordshiptapsattheirdoor；
entersinthedark:’ThisisfortheCuratus，at7o’clockto—morrow；Ileaveitonthetablehere:beintime，likeagoodKappel！’KappelpromiseshisUnappeasablethathewillactuallyopenthisPiecebeforedeliveryofit；uponwhichsheappeasesherself，andtheybothfallasleep。Kappelisonfootbetimesnextmorning。KappelquietlypocketshisLetter；stillmorequietly，fromaneighboringroom，pocketshisMaster’sbigSeal（PETSCHAFT），withaviewtoresealing:hethenstepsout；givinghisBURSCH
[ApprenticeorUnder—Groom]ordertobereadyinsomanyminutes，’Youandthesetwohorses’（specificforspeed）；and，intheinterim，walksover，withLetterandPETSCHAFT，totheReverendHerrGerlach’s，forsomepreliminarybusiness。KappelisCatholic；
Warkotsch，Protestant；HerrGerlachisProtestantpreacherintheVillageofSchonbrunn，——muchhatedbyWarkotsch，whosestandingorderis:’Don’tgonearthatinsolentfellow；’butknownbyKappeltobeajustman，faithfulindifficultiesoftheweakagainstthestrong。Gerlach，notyetoutofbed，listenstotheawfulstory:
readsthehorridmissive；WarkotschtoColonelWallis:’YoucanseizetheKing，livingordead，thisnight！’——hesitatesaboutcopyingit（asKappelwishes，foragoodpurpose]；butisencouragedbyhisWife，andsoonwritesaCopy。ThisCopyKappelsticksintotheoldcover，sealsasusual；and，withtheOriginalsafeinhisownpocket，returnstothestablesnow。HisBurschandhemount；afteralittle，heordershisBursch:’Bursch，rideyoutoSiebenhubenandCuratusSchmidt，withthissealedLetter；
YOU，andsaynothing。Iwastohavegonemyself，butcannot；
bespeedy，bediscreet！’AndtheBurschdashesoffforSiebenhubenwiththesealedCopy，forSchmidt，Warkotsch，WallisandCompany’sbehoof；Kappelriding，atastillbetterpace，toStrehlenwiththeOriginal，forbehoofoftheKing’sMajesty。
\"AtStrehlen，King’sMajestynotyetvisible，Kappelhasgreatdifficultiesintheanteroomamongthesentrypeople。Buthepersists，insists:’ReadmyLetter，then！’whichtheydarenotdo；
whichonlyColonelKrusemark，theAdjutant，perhapsdare。TheytakehimtoKrusemark。Krusemarkreads，allaghast；locksupKappel；
runstotheKing；returns，mufflesKappelinsoldier’scloakandcap，andleadshimin。TheKing，lookingintoKappel’sface，intoKappel’sclearstoryandtheWarkotschhandwriting，neededonlyafewquestions；andthefitorders，astoWarkotschandCompany，weresoongiven:dangerousengineersnowfallenharmless，blownupbytheirownpetard。OneoftheKing’sfirstquestionswas:
’ButhowhaveIoffendedWarkotsch？’Kappeldoesnotknow；
Masterisofstrictwilfulturn；——Masterwouldgrumbleandgrowlsometimesaboutthepeasantpeople，andhowanoblemanhasnownopoweroverthem，incomparison。’AreyouaProtestant？’’No，yourMajesty，Catholic。’’See，IHRHERREN，’saidtheKingtothoseabouthim；’WarkotschisaProtestant；hisCuratusSchmidtisaCatholic；
andthismanisaCatholic:therearevillainsandhonestpeopleineverycreed！’
\"Atnoon，thatday，Warkotschhadsatdowntodinner，comfortablyinhisdressing—gown，nobodybutthegoodBaronessthere；
whenRittmeisterRabenausuddenlydescendedontheSchlossanddining—roomwithdragoons:’Inarrest，HerrBaron；IamsorryyoumustgowithmetoBrieg！’Warkotsch，astrategicfellow，keptcountenancetoWifeandRittmeister，inthissuddenfallofthethunder—bolt:’Yes，HerrRittmeister；itisthatmassofCornIwastofurnish[showinghimanactualorderofthatkind]，andIambehindmytimewithit！Nobodycanhelphisluck。Takeabitofdinnerwithus，anyway！’Rittmeisterrefused；buttheBaronesstoopressedhim；heatlengthsatdown。Warkotschwent’todress；’
firstofall，togiveordersabouthisbesthorse；butwasshockedtofindthatthedragoonswereahundred，andthateveryoutgatewasbeset。Returninghalf—dressed，withanairofbaffledhospitality:’HerrRittmeister，ourSchlossmustnotbedisgraced；
hereareyourbravefellowswaiting，andnothingofrefreshmentreadyforthem。IhavegivenorderattheTavernintheVillage；
sendthemdown；theretheyshalldrinkbetterlucktome，andhaveabitofbreadandcheese。’StupidRabenauagainconsents:——andinfewminutesmore，WarkotschisintheWoods，gallopinglikeEpsom，towardsWallis；andRabenaucanonlyarrestMadam（whoknowsnothing），andreturninabaffledstate。
\"Schmidttoogotaway。ThepartysentafterSchmidtfoundhiminthelittleTownofNimptsch，half—wayhomeagainfromhisWalliserrand；comfortablydiningwithsomeinnocenthospitablepeoplethere。Schmidtcouldnotconcealhisconfusion；butpleadingpiteouslyanecessityofnature，waswithdifficultyadmittedtothe——totheABTRITTsocalled；andthere，bysomelongpoleorrake—handle，vanishedwhollythroughanever—imaginedaperture，andwasnomoreheardofintheupperworld。ThePrussiansoldierydoesnotseemexpertinthief—taking。
\"WarkotschcamebackaboutmidnightthatsameTuesday，500WallisHussarsescortinghim；andtookawayhisreadymoneys，near5，000
poundsingold，reportsFrauKappel，whowitnessedtheghastlyoperation（Hussarsingreatterror，inhaste，andunconscionablygreedyastosharing）；——afterwhichournextnewsofhim，thelastofanyclearauthenticity，isthisNotetohispoorWife，whichwasreadintheLawProceduresonhimsixmonthshence:’MyChild（MEIN
KIND），——TheaccursedthoughtItookupagainstmyKinghasoverwhelmedmeinboundlessmisery。FromthetopofthehighesthillIcannotseethelimitsofit。Farewell；IaminthefarthestborderofTurkey。——WARKOTSCH。’\"[Kuster，Lebens—Rettungen，p。88:Kuster，pp。65—188（forthegeneralNarrative）；
Tempelhof，v。346，&c。&c。]
Schmidtandhe，afterpatienttrial，werebothofthembeheadedandquartered，——inpasteboardeffigy，——intheSaltRing（GreatSquare）
ofBreslau，May，1762:——inpasteboard，Friedrichlikeditbetterthantheotherway。\"MEINETWEGEN，\"wrotehe，sanctioningtheexecution，\"ForaughtIcare；thePortraitswilllikelybeasworthlessastheOriginals。\"RittmeisterRabenauhadgotoffwithafewdays’arrest，andtheremark，\"ERISTEINDUMMERTEUFEL（Youareastupiddevil）！\"Warkotsch’sEstates，allandsundry，deductingtheBaroness’sjointure，whichwaspunctuallypaidher，wereconfiscatedtotheKing，——andbyhimweremadeovertotheSchoolsofBreslauandGlogau，which，Idoubtnot，enjoythemtothisday。ReverendGerlachinSchonbrunn，KappelandKappel’sBursch，wereallattendedto，andproperlyrewarded，thoughtherearerumorstothecontrary。Hussar—ColonelWallisgotnopublicpromotion，thoughitisnotdoubtedtheHeadPeoplehadbeenwellcognizantofhisingeniousintentions。OfficialVienna，likemankindingeneral，shudderedtoownhim；thegreatCountsWallisatViennapublishedintheNewspapers，\"OurHousehasnoconnectionwiththatgentleman；\"——and，infact，hewasofIrishbreed，itseems，thenameofhimWallISCH（orWalsh），ifonecared。
WarkotschdiedatRaab（THISsidethefarthestcornerofTurkey），in1769:hispoorBaronesshadvanishedfromSilesiafiveyearsbefore，probablytojoinhim。HehadsomepensionoralimentfromtheAustrianCourt；smallornotsosmallisadisputedpoint。
Andthisis，moreminutelythanneedhavebeen，inauthenticformonlytoodiffuse，theonceworld—famousWarkotschTragedyorWellnigh—TragicMelodrama；whichisstillinterestingandamatterofstudy，ofpathosandminutecontroversy，tothepatriotandantiquaryinPrussianCountries，thoughherewemighthavebeenbrieferaboutit。Itwould，indeed，have\"finishedtheWaratonce；\"andontermsdelightfultoAustriaanditsGeneralsnearby。
ButsowouldanyunitofthemillionballsandbulletswhichhavewhistledroundthatsameRoyalHead，andhave，everyunitofthem，missedlikeWarkotsch！ParticularHeads，royalandother，meantforuseintheschemeofthings，arenottobehitonanytermstilltheuseishad。
FriedrichsettledinBreslaufortheWinter，December9th。
FromColbergbadnewsmeethiminBreslau；badandeverworse:
Colberg，notWarkotsch，istheinterestingmatterthere，forafortnightcoming，——tillColbergend，italsoirremediable。
TheRussianhopeonColbergis，longsince，limitedtothatoffamine。WesaidtheconveyanceofSupplies，acrosssuchaHundredMilesofwilderness，fromStettinthither，withRussiansandtheWintergainsaying，wasthedifficulty。OurshortNotecontinues:——
\"Infact，itistheimpossibility:trialaftertrialgoeson，inastrenuousmanner，butwithoutsuccess。October13th，GreenKleisttries；October22d，KnoblochandevenPlatentry。Forthenexttwomonthsthereistrialontrialmade（HussarKleist，Knobloch，Thadden，Platen），notwithoutfuriousfencing，struggling；butwithnosuccess。Thereare，inwaitattheproperplaces，15，000
Russianswaylaying。Wintercomesearly，andunusuallysevere:
suchmarchings，suchendeavoringsandendurances，——withoutsuccess！
Fordarkness，cold，grimdifficulty，fierceresistancetoit，onereadsfewthingslikethisofColberg。’Thesnowliesell—deep，’
saysArchenholtz；’snow—tempests，sleet，frost:acountrywastedandhungeredout；wantsfuel—wood；hasnotevensalt。Thesoldier’sbreadisablockofice；impracticabletohumanteethtillyouthawit，——whichisonlypossiblebynight。’TheRussianshipsdisappear（17thOctober）；November2d，Butturlin，leavingreinforcementswithoutstint，vanishestowardsPoland。ThedaybeforeButturlinwent，therehadbeensolemnsummonsuponEugen，’Surrenderhonorably，weoncemorebidyou；neverwillweleavethisground，tillColbergisours！’’Vaintoproposeit！’answersEugen，asbefore。TheRussianstooareclearlyingreatmiseryofwant；
thoughwithbetterroadsopenforthem；andRomanzow’sobstinacyisextreme。
\"NightofNovember14th—15th，Eugen，hishorse—fodderbeingentirelydone，andHeyde’smagazineswornalmostout，isobligedtoglidemysteriously，circuitouslyfromhisCamp，andgototrythetaskhimself。Themostdifficultofmarches，gloriouslyexecuted；
whichavailstodeliverEugen，andlightensthepressureonHeyde’ssmallstore。Eugen，inawayTempelhofcannotenoughadmire，getsclearaway。JoinswithPlaten，collectsProvision；triestosendProvisionin，butwithouteffect。BytheKing’sorder，istotryithimselfinacollectiveform。HadHeydefood，hewouldcarelittle。
\"Romanzow，whoisnowinEugen’soldCamp，summonstheVeteran；
theysay，itis’forthetwenty—fifthtime，’——notyetquitethelast。Heydeconsultshispeople:’KAMERADEN，whatthinkyoushouldIdo？’’THUNSIE’SDURCHAUSNICHT，HERROBRIST，Donotawhitofit，HerrColonel:wewilldefendourselvesaslongaswehavebreadandpowder。’[Seyfarth，iii。28；Archenholtz，ii。304。]Itisgrimfrost；Heydepourswateronhiswalls。Romanzowtriesstorm；
thewallsareglass；thegarrisonhaspowder，thoughonhalfrationsastobread:stormisofnoeffect。BytheKing’sorder，Eugentriesagain。December6th，starts；hasagainamarchofthemostconsummatekind；December12th，getstotheRussianintrenchment；stormsaRussianredoubt，andfightsinexpressibly；
hutitwillnotdo。Withdraws；leavesColbergtoitsfate。
Nextmorning，Heydegetshistwenty—sixthsummons；reflectsonittwodays；andthen（December16th），hisbiscuitdone，decidesto’marchout，withmusicplaying，armsshoulderedandthehonorsofwar。\"’[Tempelhof，v。351—377；Archenholtz，ii。294—307；especiallytheSeyfarthBeylagenabovecited。]AdieutotheoldHero；who，wehope，willnotstaylonginRussianprison。
\"WhataPlaceofArmsforus！\"thinksRomanzow；——\"though，indeed，forCampaign1762，atthislatetimeofyear，itwillnotsomuchavailus。\"No；——andfor1763，whoknowsifyouwillneeditthen！
Sixweeksago，PrinceHenriandDaunhadfinishedtheirSaxonCampaigninamuchmoreharmlessmanner。NOVEMBER5th，Daun，afterinfiniterallying，marshalling，rearranging，andcounsellingwithLoudon，whohassatsolongquiescentontheHeightsatKunzendorf，readytoaidandreinforce，didatlength（nothingof\"rashness\"
chargeableonDaun）make\"ageneralattackonPrinceHenri’soutposts\"，intheMeissenorMulda—ElbeCountry，\"fromRossweinallacrosstoSiebeneichen；\"simultaneousattack，15mileswide，orI
knownothowwide，butdonewithvigor；and，afterastiffstruggleinthesmallway，drovethemallin；——in，allofthem，moreorless；——andthendidnothingfartherwhatever。Henrihadtocontracthisquarters，andstandalertlyonhisguard:butnothingcame。
\"Shallhavetowinterinstraiterquarters，behindtheMulda，notastrideofitasformerly；thatisall。\"AndsotheCampaigninSaxonyhadended，\"without，inthewholecourseofit\"，saytheBooks，\"eitherpartygaininganyessentialadvantageovertheother。\"[Seyfarth，iii。54；Tempelhof，v。275etseq。（ibid。pp。
263—280fortheCampaignatlarge，inallbreadthofdetail）。]
ChapterX。
FRIEDRICHINBRESLAU；HASNEWSFROMPETERSBURG。
SinceDecember9th，FriedrichisinBreslau，insomeremainderofhisruinedPalacethere；andisrepresentedtous，inBooks，assittingamidruins；noprospectaheadofhimbutruin。
WithdrawnfromSociety；lookingfixedlyonthegloomiestfuture。
Seeshardlyanybody；speaks，exceptitbeonbusiness，nothing。
\"Oneday，\"Ihavereadsomewhere，\"GeneralLentulusdinedwithhim；
andtherewasnotawordutteredatall。\"TheAnecdote—BookshaveDialogueswithZiethen；ZiethenstilltrustinginDivineProvidence；KingtrustingonlyintheironDestinies，andthesternrefugeofDeathwithhonor:Dialoguesevidentlysymbolicalonly。
Infact，thisisnot，orisnotaltogether，theKing’scommonhumor。HehashistwoNephewswithhim（theelder，oldenoughtolearnsoldiering，istobeofnextCampaignunderhim）；heisnotwithoutsocietywhenhelikes，——neverwithoutemploymentwhetherhelikeornot；and，intheblackestmurkofdespondencies，hashisTurkandotherIllusions，whichseemtobebrighterthisYearthanever。[LETTERStoHenri:inSCHONING，iii。（SOEPIUS）。]
Forcertain，theKingismakingallpreparation，asifvictorymightstillcrownhim:thoughofpracticalhopehe，doubtlessoftenenough，haslittleornone。Englandseemsaboutdesertinghim；
amostsadandunexpectedchangehasbefallenthere:greatPittthrownout；perversesmallButescomein，whosenotionsandproceduresdifferfarfromPitt’s！Athomehere，theRussiansareinPommernandtheNeumark；AustrianshaveSaxony，allbutapoorstripbeyondtheMulda；Silesia，allbutafractionontheOder:
Friedrichhaswithhimself30，000；withPrinceHenri，25，000；
underEugenofWurtemberg，againsttheSwedes，5，000；inallhisDominions，60，000fightingmen。Tomakeheadagainstsomanyenemies，hecalculatesthat60，000moremustberaisedthisWinter。
Andwherearethesetocomefrom；Englandanditshelphavingalsofallenintosuchdubiety？NextYear，itiscalculatedbyeverybody，Friedrichhimselfhardlyexcepted（inbadmoments），mustbethefinisofthislongagonistictragedy。Ontheotherhand，Austriaherselfisinsoredifficultiesastocash；discharges20，000men，——trustingshemayhaveenoughbesidestofinishFriedrich。
Franceisbankrupt，starving，passionateforPeace；EnglishButenothinglikesoilltotreatwithasPitt:toAustrianomoresubsidiesfromFrance。TheWariswaxingfeeble，notonFriedrich’ssideonly，likeaflameshortoffuel。ThisYearitmustgoout；
AustriawillhavetokillFriedrichthisYear，ifatall。
WhetherAustria’sandtheworld’sprophecywouldhavebeenfulfilled？Nobodycansaywhatmiraculoussuddenshifts，andoutburstsoffieryenterprise，maystilllieinthisman。
Friedrichisdifficulttokill，growsterriblyelasticwhenyoucompresshimintoacorner。OrDestiny，perhaps，mayhavetriedhimsufficiently；andbesatisfied？Destinydoessendhimawonderfulstar—of—day，burstingoutonthesudden，aswillbeseen！——
MeanwhilehereistheEnglishcalamity；worsethananySchweidnitz，Colbergorotherthathasbefalleninthisblackest，ofthenight。
THEPITTCATASTROPHE:HOWTHEPEACE—NEGOTIATIONWENTOFFBYEXPLOSION；
HOWPITTWITHDREW（3dOctober，1761），ANDTHERECAMEASPANISHWARNEVERTHELESS。
InSt。James’sStreet，\"intheDukeofCumberland’slatelodgings，\"
onthe2dofOctober，1761，therewasheldoneofthemostremarkableCabinet—CouncilsknowninEnglishHistory:itisthelastofPitt’sCabinet—Councilsforalongtime，——mightaswellhavebeenhislastofall；——andisofthehighestimportancetoFriedrichthroughPitt。WespokeoftheChoiseulPeace—Negotiation；
ofanofferindirectlyfromKingCarlos，\"CouldnotImediatealittle？\"——offerwhichexplodedsaidNegotiation，andproducedtheBourbonFamilyCompactandanadditionalWarinstead。Letusnowlook，slightlyforafewmoments，intothatmatteranditssequences。
ItwasJULY15th，whenBussy，alongwithsomethinginhisownFrenchsphere，presentedthisbeautifulSpanishAppendix，——
\"apprehensivethatWarmaybreakoutagainwithSpain，whenweTwohavegotsettled。\"BythesameopportunitycameaNotefromhim，whichwasreckonedimportanttoo:\"ThattheEmpressQueenwouldanddid，whatevermightbecomeoftheCongressofAugsburg，approveofthisSeparatePeacebetweenFranceandEngland，——EnglandmerelyundertakingtoleavetheKingofPrussiaaltogethertohimselfinfuturewithherImperialMajestyandherAllies。\"\"Never，Sir！\"
answeredPitt，withemphasis，tothislatterProposition；andtotheformeraboutSpain’sinterfering，orwhisperingofinterference，heanswered——byatoncereturningthePaper，asathingnon—extant，orwhichitwascharitabletoconsiderso。
\"Totallyinadmissible，Sir；mentionitnomore！\"——andatoncecalledupontheSpanishAmbassadortodisavowsuchimpertineuceimputedtohisMaster。Fancythecolloquies，theagitatedconsultationsthereupon，betweenBussyandthisDon，inviewsuddenlyofbreakersahead！
Inaboutaweek（July23d），BussyhadanInterviewwithPitthimselfonthishighSpanishmatter；andgotsomeutterancesoutofhimwhicharememorabletoBussyandus。\"Itismydutytodeclaretoyou，Sir，inthenameofhisMajesty，\"saidPitt，\"thathisMajestywillnotsufferthedisputeswithSpaintobeblended，inanymannerwhatever，intheNegotiationofPeacebetweentheTwoCrowns。TowhichImustadd，thatitwillbeconsideredasanaffronttohisMajesty’sdignity，andasathingincompatiblewiththesincerityoftheNegotiation，tomakefarthermentionofsuchacircumstance。\"[InTHACKERAY，ii。554；——Pittnextdayputtingitinwriting，\"wordforword，\"atBussy’srequest。]Bussydidnotgoatonce，afterthisdeliverance；butwasunable，byhisargumentsandpleadings，byallhisoilandfirejoinedtogether，toproducetheleastimprovementonit:\"Timeenoughtotreatofallthat，Sir，whentheTowerofLondonistakenswordinhand！\"[Beatson，ii。
434。Archenholtz（ii。245）hasheardofthisexpression，inaslightlyincorrectway。]wasPitt’slastword。Anexpressionwhichwentovertheworld；andwentespeciallytoKingCarlos，asfastasitcouldfly，orashisChoiseulcouldspeedit:and，inaboutthreeweeks:produced——itandwhathadgonebeforeit，bytheunitedindustryofChoiseulandCarlos，finallyproduced——thefamedBOURBONFAMILYCOMPACT（August15th，1761），andavarietyofotherweightyresults，whichlayinembryotherein。
Pitt，intheinterim，hadbeenintenselyprosecuting，inSpainandeverywhere，hisinquiryintotheBussyphenomenonofJuly15th；
whichhe，fromthefirstglimpseofit，tooktomeanamysteryoftreacheryinthepretendedPeace—Negotiation，onthepartofChoiseulandCatholicMajesty；——thoughotherlongheads，andPitt’sAmbassadoratMadridinvestigatingonthespot，considereditaninadvertencemainly，andofnopracticalmeaning。OngettingknowledgeoftheBourbonFamilyCompact，Pittperceivedthathissuspicionwasacertainty；——andlikewisethattheoneclearcoursewas，TodeclareWarontheSpanishBourbontoo，andgointohimatonce:\"Weareready；fleets，soldiers，intheEast，intheWest；
henotreadyanywhere。SincehewantsWar，lethimhaveit，withoutlossofamoment！\"ThatisPitt’sclearviewofthecase；butitisbynomeansButeandCompany’s，——whodiscerninit，rather，ameansoffinishinganotheroperationtheyhavelongbeensecretlybusyupon，bytheirMauduitsandotherwise；andareclearagainstgettingintoanewWarwithSpainoranybody:\"HavenotweenoughofWars？\"saythey。
SinceSeptember18th，therehadbeenthreeCabinet—CouncilsheldonthisgreatSpanishquestion:\"Mysteryoftreachery，meaningWarfromSpain？OrawkwardInadvertenceonly，practicallymeaninglittleornothing？\"Pitt，surerofhiscourseeverytime，everytimemeetsthesamecontradiction。CouncilofOctober2dwasthethirdoftheseries，andprovedtobethelast。
\"TwelveSeventy—fourssentinstantlytoCadiz\"，hadbeenPitt’sproposal，onthefirstemergenceoftheBussyphenomenon。Herearehiswords，October2d，whenitisabouttogetconsummated:
\"ThisisnowthetimeforhumblingthewholeHouseofBourbon:
andifthisopportunityisletslip，weshallneverfindanother！
Theirunitedpower，ifsufferedtogatherstrength，willbaffleourmostvigorousefforts，andpossiblyplungeusinthegulfofruin。
Wemustnotallowthemamomenttobreathe。Self—preservationbidsuscrushthembeforetheycancombineorrecollectthemselves。\"——
\"NoevidencethatSpainmeanswar；toomanywarsonourhands；
letusatleastwait！\"urgealltheothers，——allbutone，oroneandAHALF，ofwhompresently。WhereuponPitt:\"Iftheseviewsaretobefollowed，thisisthelasttimeIcansitatthisBoard。
IwascalledtotheAdministrationofAffairsbythevoiceofthePeople:tothemIhavealwaysconsideredmyselfasaccountableformyconduct；andthereforecannotremaininasituationwhichmakesmeresponsibleformeasuresIamnolongerallowedtoguide。\"
[Beatson，ii。438。]
CarteretGranville，PresidentofsaidCouncilfortenyearspast，[Camein\"17thJune，1751\"，——died\"2dJanuary，1763。\"]nowanoldred—nosedmanofseventy—two，snappishlytookhimup，——itisthelastpublicthingpoorCarteretdidinthisworld，——inthefollowingterms:\"IfindtheGentlemanisdeterminedtoleaveus；
norcanIsayIamsorryforit，sinceotherwisehewouldhavecertainlycompelledustoleavehim[Hasruledus，maynotIsay，witharodofiron！]ButifheberesolvedtoassumetheofficeofexclusivelyadvisinghisMajestyanddirectingtheoperationsoftheWar，towhatpurposearewecalledtothisCouncil？WhenhetalksofbeingresponsibletothePeople，hetalksthelanguageoftheHouseofCommons；forgetsthat，atthisBoard，heisonlyresponsibletotheKing。However，thoughhemaypossiblyhaveconvincedhimselfofhisinfallibility，stillitremainsthatweshouldbeequallyconvinced，beforewecanresignourunderstandingstohisdirection，orjoinwithhiminthemeasureheproposes。\"[BIOG。BRITANNICA（Kippis’s；London，1784），iii。278。
SeeThackeray，i。589—592。]
Who，besidesTemple（Pitt’sBrother—in—law）confirmatoryofPitt，Butenegatory，andNewcastleSILENT，theotherbeautifulgentlemenwere，Iwillnotask；butpooroldCarteret，——thewineperhapssouronhisstomach（oldagetoo，withGermanmemoriesofhisown，\"AbiggishLifeoncemine，allfutileforwantofthissameKingshiplikePitt’s！\"）——IamsorryoldCarteretshouldhaveendedso！HemadetheaboveAnswer；andPittresignednextday。
[Thackeray，i。592n。\"October5th\"（ACCEPTANCEoftheresignation，Isuppose？）isthedatecommonlygiven。]\"TheNationwasthunderstruck，alarmedandindignant，\"saysWalpole:[
MemoirsoftheReignofGeorgetheThird，i。82etseq。]yes，nowonder；——but，exceptagreatdealofnoisyjargoninginParliamentandoutofit，theNationgainednothingforitselfbyitsindignant，thunderstrickenandotherfeelings。ItsPittisirrecoverable；anditmaylonglookforanothersuch。
ThesebeautifulrecalcitrantsoftheCabinet—Councilhad，themselves，withinthreemonths（thinkunderwhatnoisesandhootingsfromanon—admiringNation），todeclareWaronSpain，[\"2dJanuary，1762，\"theEnglish；\"18thJanuary，\"theSpaniard（ANNUALREGISTERfor1762，p。50；orbetter，Beatson，ii。443）。]
NOTonbettertermsthanwhenPittadvised；and，exceptforthe\"readiness\"inwhichPitthadleftallthings，mighthavefaredindifferentlyinit。
ToSpainandFrancetheresultsoftheFamilyCompact（wemayaswellgivethematonce，thoughtheyextendoverthewholenextyearandfarther，andconcernFriedrichverylittle）were:aWaronEngland（chieflyonpoorPortugalforEngland’ssake）；withaWarBYEnglandinreturn，whichcostSpainitsHavanaanditsPhilippineIslands。
\"From1760andbefore，theSpanishCarlos，hisorthodoxmindperhapsshockedatPombalandtheAnti—Jesuitprocedures，hadforbiddentradewithPortugal；hadbeendrawingoutdangerous’militiaforcesontheFrontier；’andafflictingandfrighteningthepoorCountry。ButontheactualarrivalofWarwithEngland，Choiseulandhe，asthefirstfeasibilitydiscernible，makeDemand（threetimesover，16thMarch—18thApril，1762，eachtimemorestringently）onpoorPortugueseMajesty:’GiveupyourobjectionableHereticAlly，andjoinwithusagainsthim；willyou，orwillyounot？’TowhichthePortugueseMajesty，whoseverytitleisMostFaithful，answeredalways:’Yousurpriseme！Icannot；
howcanI？HeismyAlly，andhasalwayskeptfaithwithme！
Forcertain，No！’[LondonGazette，5thMay，1762，&c。（inGentleman’sMagazinefor1762，xxxii。205，321，411）。]SothatthereisEnglishreinforcementgotready，men，money；anEnglishGeneral，LordTyrawley，GeneralandAmbassador；witha5or6，000horseandfoot，andmanyvolunteerofficersbesides，forthePortuguesebehoof。[ListofallthisinBeatson，ii。491，iii。323；——\"didnotgettoseatill12thMay，1762\"（Gentleman’sMagazinefor1762，p。239）。]Inshort，everyencouragementtopoorPortugal:
’Pull，andwewillhelpyoubytracing。’
\"ThepoorPortuguesepulledverybadly:weredisgustingtoTyrawley，hetothem；andcriedpassionately，’GetusanotherGeneral；’——uponwhich，bysomewiseperson’scounsel，thatsingularArtilleryGentleman，theGrafvonderLippeBuckeburg，whogavethedinnerinhisTentwithcannonfiringatthepoleofit，wasappointed；andTyrawleycamehomeinahuff。[VarnhagenvanEnse，GRAFWILHELMZURLIPPE（Berlin，1845），inVermischteSchriften，i。1—118:pp。33—54，hisPortugueseoperations。]Whichwasprobablyafavorablecircumstance。
BuckeburgunderstandsWar，whetherTyrawleydoornot。
DukeFerdinandhasagreedtodispensewithhisOrdnance—Master；
nayIhaveheardtheOrdnance—Master，amanofsharpspeeohonoccasion，wasasgoodasidle；andhadgonehometoBuckeburg，thisWinter:indignantatthemanyimperfectionshesaw，andperhapstoofranklyexpressingthatfeelingnowandthen。WhathethoughtofthePortugueseArmyincomparisonisnotonrecord；but，maybejudgedofbythiscircumstance，ThatondiningwiththechiefPortuguesemilitaryman，hefoundhisPortuguesecaptainsandlieutenantswaitingasvaletsbehindthechairs。[VARNHAGEN（givesnodateanywhere）。]
\"Theimprovementshemadearesaidtohavebeenmany；——andPortugueseMajesty，inbiddingfarewell，gavehimaparkofMiniatureGoldCannonbywayofgracioussymbol。But，sofarasthefactsshow，heseemstohavegotfromhisPortugueseArmynexttonoservicewhatever:and，butfortheEnglishandtheillweather，wouldhavefaredbadlyagainsthisFrenchandSpaniards，——42，000ofthem，advancinginThreeDivisions，bytheDouroandtheTagus，againstOportoandLisbon。
\"HisWarhasonlythesethreedatesofevent。1。May9th，ThenorthmostoftheThreeDivisions[ANNUALREGISTERfor1762，p。30。]
crossesthePortugueseFrontierontheDouro；summonsMiranda，achiefTownoftheirs；takesit，beforetheirfirstbatteryisbuilt；takesBraganza，takesMonteCorvo；andwithinaweekismasteroftheDouro，inthatpart，’WillbeatOportodirectly！’
shriekalltheWinepeople（noresistanceanywhere，exceptbypeasantsorganizedbyEnglishOfficersinsomeparts）；uponwhichSeventy—foursweresent。
\"2。DivisionSecondofthe42，000camebyBeiraCountry，betweenTagusandDouro，byTras—os—Montes；andlaidsiegetoaplacecalledAlmeida[northwestsome20oddmilesfromCUIDADRODRIGO，anameonceknowntoveteransofusstillliving]，whichBuckeburghadtriedtorepairintostrength，andfurnishwithagarrison。
Garrisondefendeditselfwell；butcouldnotberelieved；——hadtosurrender，August25th:wherebyitseemstheTagusisnowtheirs！
Allthemore，asDivisionThreeislikewisegotacrossfromEstremadura，invadingAlemtejo:whatistokeeptheseTwofromfallingonLisbontogether？
\"3。Againstthis，Buckeburgdoesfindarecipe。DespatchesBrigadierBurgoynewithanEnglishpartyuponaTowncalledValenciad’Alcantara[notAlcantaraProper，butValenciaofditto，notveryfarfromBadajoz]，wherethevanguardofthisThirdDivisionis，andtheirprincipalMagazine。BurgoyneandhisEnglishdidperfectly:brokeintotheplace，stormeditswordinhand（August27th）；kepttheMagazineandit，though’thesixteenPortugueseBattalions’couldnotpossiblygetupintime。Inmannerfollowing（saytheOldNewspapers）:——
\"’ThegarrisonofAlmeida，beforewhichplacethewholeSpanishArmyhadbeenassembled，surrenderedtotheSpaniardsonthe25th[August25th，aswehavejustheard]，havingcapitulatedonconditionofnotservingagainstSpainforsixmonths。
\"’Asacounterbalancetothisadvantage，theCountdeLippecausedValenciad’Alcantaratobeattacked，swordinhand，bytheBritishtroops；whocarriedit，afteranobstinateresistance。ThelossoftheBritishtroops，whohadtheprincipalshareinthisaffair，isluckilybutinconsiderable:andconsistsinLieutenantBurkofColonelFrederick’s，onesergeantandthreeprivateskilled；
twosergeants，onedrummer，18privateswounded；10horseskilledand2wounded[lossnotatallconsiderable，inaWarofsuchdimensions！]。TheBritishtroopsbehaveduponthisoccasionwithasmuchgenerosityascourage；anditdeservesadmiration，that，inanaffairofthiskind，thetownandtheinhabitantssufferedverylittle；whichisowingtothegoodorderBrigadierBurgoynekeptupevenintheheatoftheaction。Thissuccesswouldprobablyhavebeenattendedwithmore，ifcircumstances，thatcouldnotwellbeexpected，hadnotretardedthemarchofsixteenPortuguesebattalions，andthreeregimentsofcavalry。’[OldNewspapers（inGentleman’sMagazinefor1762，p，443）。]
\"Uponwhich——uponwhich，infact，theWarhadtoend。Rainyweathercame，delugesofrain；Burgoyne，withorwithoutthesixteenbattalionsofPortuguese，keptthegriphehad。Valenciad’AlcantaraanditsMagazineasettledbusiness，roadsroundgonealltomire，——thisThirdDivision，andwithitthe42，000ingeneral，findingtheyhadnothingtoliveupon，wenttheirwaysagain。\"NOTE，TheBurgoyne，whobeginsinthisprettywayatValenciad’Alcantara，isthesamewhoendedsodismallyatSaratoga，withintwentyyears:——perhaps，withotherWar—Offices，andtraininghimselfinsomethingsuitablerthanParliamentaryEloquence，hemighthavebecomeakindofGeneral，andhaveendedfarotherwisethanthere？——
\"SuchwasthecreditaccountonCarlos’sside:BygratuitousassaultonPortugal，whichhaddonehimnooffence；resultzero，andpayyourexpenses。OntheEnglish，orPERCONTRAside，again，therewerethesethreeitems，twoofthemspecificallyonCarlos:
FIRST，MartiniquecapturedfromtheFrenchthisSpring（finished4thFebruary，1762）:[Gentleman’sMagazine
for1762，p。127。]——wastohavebeendoneinanycase，GuadaloupeanditbeingbothonPitt’sbooksforsometime，andonlyGuadaloupeyetgot。SECONDLY，KingCarlos，forFamilyCompactandfruitlessattemptatburglaryonanunoffendingneighbor，Debtor:
1。ToLossoftheHavana（6thJune—13thAugust，1762），[Ib。pp。
408—459，&c。]whichmighteasilyhaveissuedinlossofallhisWestIndiestogether，andtotalabolitionofthePope’smeridianinthatWesternHemisphere；and2。ToLossofManilla，withhisPhilippineIslands（23dSeptember—6thOctober，1762），[Gentleman’sMagazinefor1762，xxxiii。
171—177。]whichwasabolitionofitintheEastern。Afterwhich，happilyforCarlos，Peacecame，——Peace，andnoPitttobesevereuponhisIndiesandhim。Carlos’sWaroftenmonthshadstoodhimuncommonlyhigh。\"
AllthesethingstheEnglishPublic，considerablysullenabouttheCabinet—CouncileventofOctober3d，ascribedtotherealownerofthem。ThePublicsaid:\"Theseare，allofthem，Pitt’sbolts，notyours，——launched，orlyingreadyforlaunching，fromthatOlympianbatterywhich，intheEastandintheWest，hadalreadysmittendownallLallysandMontcalms；andhadforcealreadymassedthere，renderingyourHavanasandManillaseasyforyou。Forwhich，indeed，youdonotseemtocaremuch；ratherseemtobeembarrassedwiththem，inyoureagernessforPeaceandalazylife！\"——Manillawasabeautifulwork；[AJOURNALOFTHEPROCEEDINGSQFHIS
MAJESTY’SFORCESINTHEEXPEDITIONTOMANILLA（LondonGazette，April19th，1763；Gentleman’sMagazine，xxxiii。171etseq。）。WrittenbyColonelorBrigadiecGeneralDraper（suggester，contriverandperformeroftheEnterprise；anexcellentIndianOfficer，ofgreatmeritwithhispenaswell，——BullyJUNIUS’SCorrespondentafterwards）。]buttheManillaRansom；amillionsterling，halfofitinbills，——whichtheSpaniards，onnopretextatallbutthedisagreeableness，refusedtopay！Havana，thoughvictorious，costagoodmanymen:
wasthoughttobebutbadlymanaged。\"Whattodowithit？\"saidBute，atthePeace:\"GiveusFloridainlieuofit\"，——whichprovedoflittlebenefittoBute。Enough，enoughofButeandhisperformances。
Pittbeinggone，Friedrich’sEnglishSubsidylags:thistimeFriedrichconcludesitiscutoff；——silentonthesubject；nowordswillexpressone’sthoughtsonit。NottillApril9thhaspoorMitchellthesaderrandofannouncingformallyThatsuchareourpressures，PortugueseWarandother，wecannotafforditfarther。
AnsweredbyIknownotwhatkindofglancefromFriedrich；
answered，Ifind，bywordsfewornonefromtheforsakenKing:
\"Good；thattoowaswanting，\"thoughttheproudsoul:\"Keepyourcoin，sinceyousoneedit；Ihavestillcopper，andmysword！\"
ThealloythisYearbecameas3to1:——whatotherremedy？
Fromthesamecause，Idoubtnot，thisYear，forthefirsttimeinhumanmemory，camethatcompleteabeyanceoftheGift—moneys（DOUCEUR—GELDER），whicharebecomeastandingexpectation，quasi—
right，andnecessaryitemofsupporttoeveryPrussianOfficer，fromaLieutenantupwards:notaword，intheleastofficial，saidofthemthisYear；stilllessapennyofthemactuallyforthcomingtoawornoutexpectantArmy。OneofthegreatestsinschargeduponFriedrichbyPrussianorPrussian—Militarypublicopinion:nottobeexcusedatall；——Prussian—MilitaryandevenPrussian—CivilopinionhavingastrangepersuasionthatthisKinghasboundlesssupplyofmoney，andonlyoutofperversityrefusesitforobjectsofmoment。IntheArmyaselsewheremuchha8goneawry；
[SeeMollendorf’stwoorthreeLETTERS（Preuss，iv。407—411）。]manyrivetslooseaftersuchaclimbingoftheAlpsastherehasbeen，throughdenseandrare。
ItwillsurpriseeverybodythatFriedrich，withhiscopperandotherresources，actuallyraisedhisadditional60，000；andhasforhimself70，000torecoverSchweidnitz，andbringSilesiatoitsoldstate；40，000forPrinceHenriandSaxony，witha10，000ofmarginforSwedenandaccidentalsundries。Thisisstrange，butitistrue。[Stenzel，v。297，286；Tempelhof，vi。2，10，63。]Andhasnotbeendonewithoutstrivingsandcontrivings，hardrequisitionsontheplacesliable；andhasinvolvednotalittleofseverityanddifficulty，——especiallyagreatdealofhagglingwiththecollectingparties，oratleastwithPrinceHenri，whopresidesinSaxony，andisapttocomplainandmournovertheundoable，ratherthanproceedtodoit。TheKing’sCorrespondencewithHenri，thisWinter，iscuriousenough；likeaDialoguebetweenHopeonitsfeet，andDespairtakingtoitsbed。\"YouknowthereareTwoDoctorsinMOLIERE，\"saysFriedrichtohimonce；\"aDoctorTANT—MIEUX（SomuchtheBetter）andaDoctorTANT—PIS（SomuchtheWorse）:thesetwocannotbeexpectedtoagree！\"——Insteadofinfinitearithmeticaldetails，hereispartofaLetterofFriedrich’stoD’Argens；andaPassage，oneofmany，withPrinceHenri；——whichcommandaviewintotheinteriorthatconcernsus。
THEKINGTOD’ARGENS（atBerlin）。
\"BRESLAU，18thJanuary，1762……\"Youhaveliftedthepoliticalveilwhichcoveredhorrorsandperfidiesmeditatedandreadytoburstout[Bute’sdismalprocedures，Ibelieve；whoisravenousforPeace，andwouldfainforceFriedrichalongwithhimontermsaltogetherdisgracefulandinadmissible[SeeD’Argens’sLetter（towhichthisisAnswer），OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。281，282。]]:youjudgecorrectlyofthewholesituationIamin，oftheabysseswhichsurroundme；and，asIseebywhatyousay，ofthekindofhopethatstillremainstome。ItwillnotbetillthemonthofFebruary[Turks，probably，andTartarKhan；greatthingscomingthen！]thatwecanspeakofthat；andthatisthetermI
contemplatefordecidingwhetherIshallholdtoCATO[Cato，——andthelittleGlassTubeIhave！]ortoCAESAR’SCOMMENTARIES，\"andthebestfightonecanmake。
\"TheSchoolofpatienceIamatishard，long—continued，cruel，naybarbarous。Ihavenotbeenabletoescapemylot:allthathumanforesightcouldsuggesthasbeenemployed，andnothinghassucceeded。IfFortunecontinuestopursueme，doubtlessIshallsink；itisonlyshethatcanextricatemefromthesituationIamin。IescapeoutofitbylookingattheUniverseonthegreatscale，likeanobserverfromsomedistantPlanet；allthenseemstomesoinfinitelysmall，andIcouldalmostpitymyenemiesforgivingthemselvessuchtroubleaboutsoverylittle。Whatwouldbecomeofuswithoutphilosophy，withoutthisreasonablecontemptofthingsfrivolous，transientandfugitive，aboutwhichthegreedyandambitiousmakesuchapother，fancyingthemtobesolid！
Thisistobecomewisebystripes，youwilltellme；well，ifonedobecomewise，whatmattersithow？——Ireadagreatdeal；IdevourmyBooks，andthatbringsmeusefulalleviation。ButformyBooks，Ithinkhypochondriawouldhavehadmeinbedlambeforenow。
Infine，dearMarquis，weliveintroubloustimesandindesperatesituations:——IhaveallthepropertiesofaStage—Hero；alwaysindanger，alwaysonthepointofperishing。Onemusthopetheconclusionwillcome；andiftheendofthepiecebelucky，wewillforgettherest。Patiencethen，MONCHER，tillFebruary20th[Bywhichtime，whatfarotherveritablestar—of—daywillhaverisenonme！]。ADIEU，MONCHER。——F。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。282，283。]
TIFFOFQUARRELBETWEENKINGANDHENRI（March—April，1762）。
IntheSpringmonthsPrinceHenriisatHofinVoigtland，ontheextremerightofhislonglineof\"QuartersbehindtheMulda；\"
busyenough，watchingtheAustriansandReich；levyingtheseverecontributions；speedingallhecanthemanifoldpreparatives；——
conscioustohimselfofthegreatestvigilanceanddiligence，butwraptindespondencyandblackacidulenthumors；a\"DoctorSOMUCH
THEWORSE，\"whoisnotacomfortingCorrespondent。FromHof，towardsthemiddleofMarch，hebecomesspeciallygloomyandacidulous；sendsaseriesofComplaints；alsoofNews，notimportant，butallratherinYOURfavor，mydearestBrother，thaninmine，ifyouwillpleasetoobserve！Asthus:——
HENRI（atHof，10th—13thMarch）……\"Sadlyoffhere，mydearestBrother。！Ofour’1，284headofcommissariathorses，’only180arecomein；ofour’287drivers，’notone。WillbeimpossibletoopenCampaignatthatrate。\"——\"GrenadierBattalionsROTHENBURGandGRANT
demandtohavepickedmentocompletethem[ofCANTONIST，orsurePrussiansort]……Ifind[NOTABENE，Reader！]thereareeightAustrianregimentsgoingtoSilesia[offmyhands，anduponYOURS，inasense]，eightinsteadoffourthatIspokeof:intending，probably，forGlatz，toreplaceCzernichef[aCzernichefoffforhomelately，inamostmiraculousway；asreadersshallhear！]——toreplaceCzernichef，andtheblankhehasleftthere？Eightofthem:
YourMajestycanhavenodifficulty；butIwilldetachPlatenorsomebody，ifyouorderit；thoughIammyselfperilouslyilloffhere，soscatteredintoparts，notcapableofspeedyjunctionlikeyourMajesty。\"
FRIEDRICH（14th—16thMarch）。\"Commissariathorses，drivers？
Iarrangedandprovidedwhereeverythingwastobegot。Butifmyordersarenotexecuted，northerequisitionsbroughtin，ofcoursethereisfailure。IamdespatchingAdjutantvonAnhalttoSaxonyasecondtime，toenforcematters。IfIcouldbeforthreeweeksinSaxony，myself，IbelieveIcouldputallonitsrightfooting；
but，asImustnotstirtwostepsfromhere，IwillsendyouAnhalt，withorderstotheGenerals，tocompelthemtotheirduty。\"
[Schoning，iii。301，302。]\"AstoGrenadierBattalionsGRANTandROTHENBURG，itisabsurd。\"（Henrifallssilentforaboutaweek，broodinghisgloom；——notawarethatstillworseiscoming。）
Kingcontinues:——
KING（22dMarch）。\"Eightregiments，yousaid？Here，byenclosedList，areseventeenofthem，namesandparticularsallgiven\"，whichisratheradifferentviewoftheaccountagainstSilesia！
Seventeenofthem，going，notforGlatz，Ishouldsay，buttostrengthenourEnemieshereabouts。
HENRI。\"Hm，hah[answersonlyinGerman；drymilitaryreports，officialmerely；——thinksofwritingtoChief—ClerkEichel，whoisfactotuminthesespheres]……Artilleryrecruitsarescarceintheextreme；demandbounty:fivethalers，shallwesay？\"
KING。\"Seventeenregimentsofthem，beyondquestion，insteadofeight，comingonus:strangethatyoudidn’twarnmebetter。
IhavethereforeorderedyourMajor—GeneralSchmettauhitherwardatonce。AshehasnotdoneraisingthecontributionsintheLausitz，youmustsendanothertodoit，andhavethemreadywhenGeneralPlatenpassesthatwayhither。\"——\"’Fivethalersbountyforartillerymen\"sayyou？Itisnottobethoughtof。Artillerymencanbehadbyconscriptionwhereyouare。\"Henri（insilence，stillmoreindignant）sendsmilitaryreportsexclusively。March26th，Henri’sgloomreachestheignitingpoint；hewritestoChief—
ClerkEichel:——
\"Monsieur，youareawarethatAdjutantvonAnhaltisonthewayhither。Tojudgebyhisorders，iftheycorrespondtotheLettersI
havehadfromtheKing，AdjutantvonAnhalt’sappearanceherewillproduceanembarrassment，fromwhichIamresolvedtoextricatemyselfbyavoluntaryretirementfromoffice。Mytotallyruined（ABIMEE）health，thevexationsIhavehad，thefatiguesandtroublesofwar，leaveinmelittleregrettoquittheemployment。
Isolicitonly，fromyourattentionsandskillofmanagement，thatmyretreatbepermittedtotakeplacewiththedecencyobservedtowardsthosewhohaveservedtheState。Ihavenotahighopinionofmyservices；butperhapsIamnotmistakeninsupposingthatitwouldbemoreashametotheKingthantomeifheshouldmakemeendureallmannerofchagrinsduringmyretirement。\"[Schoning，iii。307。]
Eichelsinksintoprofoundreflection；saysnothing。Howisthisfiretobegotunder？Whereistheplacetotrampleonit，beforeopeningdoororwindow，orsayingawordtotheKingoranybody？
HENRI（sameday，26thMarch）。\"MydearestBrother，——IntheListyousendmeofthoseseventeenAustrianregiments，several，Iaminformed，arestillinSaxony；andbyallthenewsthatIget，thereareonlyeightgonetowardsSilesia。\"——\"FromLeipzigmyaccountsare，theReichsArmyistomakeamovementinadvance，andPrinceXavierwiththeSaxonswasexpectedatNaumburgthe20thult。IknownotifyouhavearrangedwithDukeFerdinandforaproportionatesuccor，incasehisFrenchalsoshouldtrytopenetrateintoSaxonyuponme？Iam，withtheprofoundestattachment，yourfaithfulanddevotedservantandBrother。\"
KING（30thMarch）。\"Seventeenofthem，youmaydepend；Iamtoowellinformedtobeallowedtodoubtinanyway。WhatyoureportoftheReichsfolkandSaxonsmovinghither，thither；thatseemstomeabitofgameontheirpart。Theywilltrytocutonepostfromyou，thenanother，unlessyouassembleacorpsandgoinuponthem。
Tillyoudecideforthisresolution，youhavenothingbutchicanesandprovocationstoexpectthere。AstoDukeFerdinandofBrunswick，Idon’timaginethathisOrders[fromEngland]wouldpermithimwhatyoupropose[forreliefofyourself]:atanyrate，youwillhavetowriteatleastthricetohim，——thatistosay，wastethreeweeks，beforehewillanswerNoorYes。Youyourselfareinforceenoughforthosefellows:butsolongasyoukeeponthedefensivealone，theenemygainstime，andthingswillalwaysgoabadroad。\"Henri’spatienceisalreadyout；thissamedayheiswritingtotheKing。
HENRI（30thMarch）……\"YouhavehithertoreceivedproofsenoughofmywaysofthinkingandactingtoknowthatifinrealityIwasmistakenaboutthoseeightregiments，itcanonlyhavebeenapieceofignoranceonthepartofmyspy:meanwhileyouarepleasedtomakemeresponsibleforwhatmisfortunemaycomeofit。IthinkI
havemyhandsfullwiththetasklaidonmeofguarding4，000
squaremilesofcountrywithfewertroopsthanyouhave，andofbeingoppositeanenemywhosepoststouchuponours，andwhoissuperiorinforce。YourprecedingLetters[fromMarch16thhitherto]，onwhichIhavewishedtobesilent，andthislastproofofwantofaffection，showmetooclearlytowhatfortuneIhavesacrificedtheseSixYearsofCampaigning。\"
KING（3dApril:OfficialOrdersgiveninTeutsch；atthetailofwhich）。\"Spareyourwrathandindignationatyourservant，Monseigneur！You，whopreachindulgence，havealittleofitforpersonswhohavenointentionofoffendingyou，oroffailinginrespectforyou；anddeigntoreceivewithmorebenignitythehumblerepresentationswhichtheconjuncturessometimesforcefromme。F。\"——WhichrelievesEichelofhisdifficulties，andquenchesthissputter。[PluckedupfromthewasteimbrogliosofSCHONING
（iii。296—311），byarrangingandomitting。]
PrinceHenri，forallhiscomplaining，didbeautifullythisSeasonagain（thoughtousitmustbesilent，beingsmall—warmerely）；——
andinparticular，MAY12th）earlyinthemorning，simultaneouslyinmanydifferentparts，burstacrosstheMulda，tenortwentymileslong（orBROADrather，fromhisrighthandtohisleft），suddenaslightning，uponthesupineSerbelloniandhisAustriansandReichsfolk。Andhurledthemback，oneandall，almosttothePlauenChasmandtheiroldhaunts；wideninghisquartersnotably。
[BerichtvondemUeberganguberdieMulde，denderPrinzHeinrichden12tenMay1762glucklichausgefuhrt（inSeyfarth，Beylagen，iii，280—291）。]Areallybrilliantthing，testifieseverybody，thoughnottobedweltonhere。Seidlitzwasofit（muchfinecuttingandcareering，fromtheSeidlitzandothers，wehavetoomitinthesetwoSaxonCampaigns！）
——Seidlitzwasofit；heandanotherstillmorespecialacquaintanceofours，thelearnedQuintusIcilius；whoalsodidhisbestinit，butlosthis\"AMUSETTE\"（smallbitofcannon，\"Plaything，\"socalledbyMarechaldeSaxe，inventorofthearticle），anddidnotshinelikeSeidlitz。
Henri’squartersbeingnotablywidenedinthisway，andnothingbuttorpidSerbellonisandPrinceStollbergsontheoppositepart，Henri\"drewhimselfoutthirty—fivemileslong；\"andstoodthere，almostlookingintoPlauenregionasformerly。AndwithhisfierySeidlitzes，Kleists，madeahandsomeSummerofit。AndbeattheAustriansandReichsfolkatFreyberg（OCTOBER29th）afineBattle，andhissoleone），——ontheHorsewhichafterwardscarriedGellert，asispleasantlyknown。
ButweareomittingthenewsfromPetersburg，——whichcametheverydayafterthatgloomyLETTERTOD’ARGENS；monthsbeforetheTIFFOF
QUARRELwithHenri，andthebrilliantbetterdestiniesofthatGentlemaninhisCampaign。
BRIGHTNEWSFROMPETERSBURG（certain，Jan。19th）；WHICHGROW
EVERBRIGHTER；ANDBECOMEASTAR—OF—DAYFORFRIEDRICH。
ToFriedrich，longbeforeallthisofHenri，indeedalmostontheverydaywhilehewaswritingsodespondentlytoD’Argens，anewphasishadarisen。HardlyhadhebeenfiveweeksatBreslau，inthosegloomycircumstances，when，——aboutthemiddleofJanuary，1762（daynotgiven，thoughitisforevernotable），——therearriverumors，arrivenews，——newsfromPetersburg；suchasthisKingneverhadbefore！\"AmongthethousandillstrokesofFortune，doesthereatlengthcomeonepre—eminentlygood？TheunspeakableSovereignWoman，issheverilydead，then，andbecomepeaceabletomeforevermore？\"WepromisedFriedrichawonderfulstar—of—day；andthisisit，——thoughitislongbeforehedarequiteregarditassuch。Peter，theSuccessor，heknowstobesecretlyhisfriendandadmirer；ifonly，inthenewCzarishcapacityanditschaoticenvironmentsandconditions，Peterdareandcanassertthesefeelings？WhatahopetoFriedrich，fromthistimeonward！
Russiamaybecountedasthebiggerhalfofallhehadtostrivewith；thebigger，oratleastthefaruglier，moreruinousandincendiary；——andifthiswereatoncetakenaway，thinkwhatadaybreakwhenthenightwasattheblackest！
Piouspeoplesay，Thedarkesthourisoftennearestthedawn。AndadawnthisprovedtobeforFriedrich。Andthefactgrewalwaysthelongerthebrighter；——andbeforeCampaigntime，hadripenedintorealdaylightandsunrise。Thedatesshouldhavebeenprecise；
butarenottobehadso:hereisthenearestwecouldcome。
January14th，writingtoHenri，theKinghasamysteriouswordabout\"possibilitiesofanuncommonsort，\"——rumorsfromPetersburg，Icouldconjecture；thoughperhapstheyareonlyTurkorTartar—
Khanaffairs，whicharehigherthisyearthanever，andasfutileasever。But，onJANUARY19th，hehasheardplainly，——withwhathopes（ifonedurstindulgethem）！——thattheimplacableImperialWoman，INFAMECATINDUNORD，isverilydead。Dead；anddoesnothatemeanymore。Deliverance，PeaceandVictorylieintheword！——
Catinhadlongbeenfailing，buttheykeptitreligiouslysecretwithintheCourtwalls:evenatPetersburgnobodyknewtillthePrayersoftheChurchwererequired:Prayersaszealousasyoucan，——theDoctorshavingplainlyintimatedthatsheisdesperate，andthatthethingisover。OnCHRISTMAS—DAY，1761，byRussianStyle，5thJANUARY，1762，byEuropean，thepoorImperialCatinlaydead；——adeathstillmoreimportantthanthatofGeorgeII。tothisKing。
PeterIII。，whosucceededhaslangbeenprivatelyaswornfriendandadmireroftheKing；andhastens，nottooSLOWLYastheKinghadfeared，butfarthereverse，tomakethatknowntoallmankind。
That，andmuchelse，——inafartooheadlongmanner，poorsoul！
Likeanardent，violent，totallyinexperiencedperson（enfranchisedSCHOOL—BOY，cometotheageofthirty—four），whohassathithertoindarkness，inintolerablecompression；asifburiedalive！HeisnowCzarPeter，Autocrat，notofHimselfonly，butofAlltheRussias；——andhas，besidesthecompleteregenerationofRussia，twogreatthoughts:FIRST，ThatofavengingnativeHolstein，andhispoormartyrofaFathernowwithGod，againsttheDanes；——and，SECOND，whatisscarcelysecondinimportancetothefirst，andindeedispracticallyakindofpreliminarytoit，ThatofdeliveringthePrussianPatternofHeroesfromsuchapatternoffoulcombinations，andbringingPeacetoEurope，whilehesettlestheHolstein—Danishbusiness。PeterisRussianbytheMother’sside；hisMotherwasSisterofthelateCatin，aDaughter，likeher，ofCzarPetercalledtheGreat，andofthelittlebrownCatharinewhomwesawtransientlylongago。HisHolsteinBusinessshallconcernuslittle；butthatwithFriedrich，duringthebriefSixMonthsallowedhimforit，——forit，andforallhisremainingbusinessesinthisworld，——isofthehighestimportancetoFriedrichandus。
Peterisoneofthewildestmen；hisfate，whichwastragical，isnowtomostreadersratherofaghastlygrotesquethanofalamentableandpitiablecharacter。Fewknow，orhaveeverconsidered，inhowwildanelementpoorPeterwasbornandnursed；
whatatimehehashad，sincehisfifteenthyearespecially，whenCousinofZerbstandheweremarried。Perhapsthewildestandmaddestanyhumansoulhad，duringthatCentury。Ifindinhim，startingoutfromtheLetheanquagmireswherehehadtogrow，acertainrashgreatnessofidea；tracesofveritableconviction，justresolution；veritableandjust，thoughrash。ThatofadmirationforKingFriedrichwasnotintrinsicallyfoolish，inthesolitarythoughtsofthepooryoungfellow；nayitwasthereverse；
thoughitwashighlyinopportuneintheplacewherehestood。
NorwastheHolsteinnotionbad；itwasgenerousrather，nobleandnatural，though，again，somewhatimpracticableinthecircumstances。
ThesummaryoftheFriedrich—Peterbusinessisperhapsalreadyknowntomostreaders，andcanbeverybrieflygiven；norisPeter’stragicalSixMonthsofCzarship（5thJANUARY—9thJULY，1762）athingforustodwellonbeyondneed。Butitiswildlytragical；strokesofdeeppathosinit，blendedwiththeghastlyandgrotesque:itispartofFriedrich’sstrangeelementandenvironment:andthoughtheouterincidentsarepublicenough，itisessentiallylittleknown。HadtherebeenanAEschylus，hadtherebeenaShakspeare！——ButpoorPeter’sshockingSixMonthsofHistoryhasbeentreatedbyafardifferentsetofhands，themselvesalmostshockingtosee:and，totheseriouslyinquiringmind，itlies，andwilllonglie，inaverywaste，chaotic，enigmaticcondition。
Here，outofconsiderablebundlesnowburnt，aresomeroughjottings，ExcerptsofNotesandStudies，——which，Istilldoubtrather，oughttohavegoneinAUTODAFEalongwiththeothers。
AUTODAFEIcalledit；ActofFAITH，notSpanish—Inquisitional，butessentiallyCelestialmanytimes，ifyoureflectwellonthepoisonousconsequences，onthesinfulnessanddeadlycriminality，ofHumanBabble，——asnobodydoesnowadays！IlabelthedifferentPieces，andtrytomakelegible；——hastyreadershavetheprivilegeofskipping，iftheylike。ThefirstTwoareofpreliminaryorprefatorynature，——perhapsstillmoreskippablethanthosethatwillbyandbyfollow。
1。GENEALOGYOFPETER。\"HisgrandfatherwasFriedrichIV。，DukeofHolstein—GottorpandSchleswig，KarlXII。’sbrother—in—law；
onwhosescoreitwas（Denmarkfindingthetimeopportuneforastrokeofrobberythere）thatKarlXII。，ayoungladhardlyeighteen，firsttookarms；andbeganthecareeroffightingthatastonishedDenmarkandcertainotherNeighborswhohadbeentoocovetousonayoungKing。ThishisyoungBrother—in—law，FriedrichofHolstein—Gottorp（younghetoo，thoughKarl’sseniorbytenyears），hadbeenreinstatedinhisTerritory，andtheDanessternlyforbiddenfartherburglarythere，bythevictoriousKarl；butwentwithKarlinhisfartherexpeditions。AlwaysKarl’sintimate，andathisrighthandforthenexttwoyears:fellintheBattleofClissow，19thJuly，1702；agenotyetthirty—one。
\"HeleftasHeirapooryoungBoy，atthistimeonlytwoyearsold。
HisyoungWidowHedwigsurvivedhimsixyears。[Michaelis，ii。
618—629。]Herpoorchildgrewtomanhood；andhadtragicfortunesinthisworld；Danesagainburglariousinthatpart，againrobbingthispoorBoyatdiscretion，sosoonasKarlXII。becameunfortunate；andrefusingtorestore（havenotrestoredSchleswigatall[A。D。1864，HAVEatlasthadtodoit，underunexpectedcircumstances！]）:——agrimlysadstorytothenowPeter，hisonlyChild！ThispoorDukeatlastdied，18thJune，1739，agethirty—
nine；thenowPeterthenabout11，——whowellrememberstragicPapa；
tragicMammanot，whodiedabovetenyearsbefore。[Michaelis，ii。
617；Hubner，tt。227，229。]
\"CzarPetercalledtheGreathadevidentlyapityforthisunfortunateDuke，ahopeinhisjusthopes；andpleaded，asdidvariousothers，andendeavoredwiththeunjustDanes，mostlywithouteffect。Did，however，givehimoneofhisDaughterstowife；——theresultofwhomisthisnewCzarPeter，calledtheThird:
aCzarwhoisSovereignofHolstein，andhasclaimsofSovereigntyinSweden，rightofheirshipinSchleswig，andofdamagesagainstDenmark，whichareinlitigationtothisday。TheCzarinaCATIN，tenderlyrememberingherSister，wouldhearofnoHeirtoRussiabutthisPeter。Peter，invirtueofhispaternalaffinities，waselectedKingofSwedenaboutthesametime；butpreferredRussia，——
withaneyetohisDanes，somethink。Forcertain，didadopttheRussianExpectancy，theGreekreligionsocalled；andwas，\"inthewaywesawlongyearsago，\"married（ortoallappearancemarried）
toCatharinaAlexiewnaofAnhalt—Zerbst，borninStettin；
[HerrPreussknowsthehouse:\"NowDr。Lehmann’s[atthattimetheGovernorofStettin’s]，inwhichalsoCzarPaul’ssecondSpouse[EugenofWurtembergaNEWGovernor’sDaughter]，whoisMotheroftheCzarsthatfollow，wasborn:\"Preuss，ii。310，311。
Catharine，duringherreign，waspiousinasmallwaytotheplaceofhercradle；senthersuccessiveMEDALS&c。toStettin，whichstillhasthemtoshow。]aLadywhobecameworld—famousasCzarinaoftheRussias。
\"Peterisanabstrusecreature；haslived，allthiswhile，withhisCatharineanabstruselife，whichwouldhavegonealtogethermadexceptforCatharine’ssuperiorsense。Anawkward，ardent，buthelplesskindofPeter，withvehementdesires，withadashofwildmagnanimityeven:butinsuchaninextricableelement，amidsuchdarkness，suchprovocationsofunmanageableopulence，suchimpediments，imaginaryandreal，——dreadfullyrealtopoorPeter，——
asmadehimtheuniqueofmankindinhistime。He’usedtodrillcats，’itissaid，andtodothemaddest—lookingthings（inhislateburied—alivecondition）；——andfellpartly，neverquite，whichwaswonderful，intodrinking，asthesolutionofhisinextricabilities。PoorPeter:always，andnowmorethanever，thecynosureofvulturousvulpineneighbors，withal；whichinfinitelyaggravatedhisotherwisebadcase！——
\"Forsevenoreightyears，therecamenoprogeny，norcouldcome；
abouttheeighthorninth，therecould，anddid:themarvellousCzarPaulthatwastobe。Concerningwhoseexactpaternitytherearestillcalumniousassertionswidelycurrent；tothisindividualEditormuchamatterofindifference，thoughonexamining，hisverdictis:’Calumnies，toallappearance；mysterieswhichdecentordecoroussocietyrefusestospeakof，andwhichindecentisprettysuretomakecalumniesoutof。’CzarPaulmaybeconsideredgenealogicallygenuine，ifthatismuchanobjecttohim。
PoorPaul，doesnothefatherhimself，weretherenothingmore？
OnlythatPeterandthisCathariuecouldhavebegottensuchaPaul。
Genealogicallygenuineenough，mypoorCzar，——thatneededtobegarrotedsoverysoon！
2。OFCATHARINEANDTHEBOOKSUPONPETERANDHER。\"CatharinetoohadanintricatetimeofitundertheCatin；whichwasconsoledtoheronlybyatolerablyrapidsuccessionoflovers，thebestthegroundyielded。InwhichdepartmentitiswellknownwhataThrice—
Greatestshebecame:superiortoanyCharlesII。；equalalmosttoanAugusttheStrong！Ofherlovesnowandhenceforth，whichareheartilyuninterestingtome，Iproposetosaynothingfarther；
merelythis，Thatinextenttheyprobablyrivalledthehighestmalesovereignfigures（andaretobeputinthesamecategorywiththese，anddamnedasdeep，oralittledeeper）；——andcosther，ingifts，inmagnificentpensionstotheEMERITI（forshedidthingsalwaysinagrandiosemanner，quietlyandyetinexorablydismissingtheEMERITUSwithstoresofgold），theconsiderablesumof20
millionssterling，inthecourseofherlongreign。One，oratmosttwo，wereoffonpension，whenHanburyWilliamsbroughtPoniatowskiforher，aswetransientlysaw。PoniatowskiwillbeKingofPolandinthecourseofevents……
\"Russiaisnotapublishingcountry；theBooksaboutCatharinearefew，andoflittleworth。TOOKE，anEnglishChaplain；CASTERA，anunknownFrenchHanger—on，whocopiesfromTooke，orTookefromhim:
thesearetoberead，asthebad—best，andwillyieldlittlesatisfactoryinsight；Castera，inparticular，agreatdealofdubiousbackstairsgossipandstreetrumor，whicharenotdelightfultoareaderofsense。Infine，therehasbeenpublished，intheseveryyears，aFRAGMENTofearlyAUTOBIOGRAPHYbyCatharineherself，——acredibleandhighlyremarkablelittlePiece:worthalltheothers，ifitisknowledgeofCatharineyouareseeking。
[Memoiresdel’ImperatriceCatharineII。，ecritsparelle—
meme（A。Herzenediting；London，1859）；——whichwealreadycited，onoccasionofCatharine’smarriage。
Anonymous（Castera），ViedeCatharineII。，ImperatricedeRussie（aParis，1797；orreprinted，mostofit，enoughofit，AVARSOVIE，1798）2tomes，8vo。Tooke，LifeofCatharineII。（4thedition，London，1800），3vols。
8vo；ViewoftheRussianEmpireduring&c。
（London，1799），3vols。8vo。—Hermann，GeschichtedesRussischenStaats（Hamburg，1853ETANTEA），v。241—308
etseq。；isbymuchthemostsolidBook，thoughadullandheavy。
Stenzelcites，asdoesHermann，aBiographiePetersdesIIIten；whichnodoubtexists，inperhaps3volumes；
butwhere，when，bywhom，orofwhatquality，theydonottellme。]
Amostplacid，solid，substantialyoungLadycomestolightthere；
droppedintosuchanelementasmighthavedrivenmostpeoplemad。
Butitdidnother；itonlymadeherwiserandwiserinhergeneration。Elementblack，hideous，dirty，asLaplandSorcery；——inwhichthefirstcleardutyis，toholdone’stonguewell，andkeepone’seyesopen。Stars，——notveryheavenly，butoffixednature，andheavenlytoCatharine，——astarortwo，shinethroughtheabominablemurk:Steady，patient；steersilently，inallweathers，towardsthese！
\"YoungCatharine’simmovableequanimityinthisdistractedenvironmentstrikesusverymuch。Peteriscareering，tumblingabout，onallmannerofabsurdbroomsticks，driventoosurelybytheDevil；terrific—absurdbigLaplandWitch，surroundedbymultitudessmaller，andsomeofthemlessugly。WillbeCzarofRussia，however；——andisone’sso—calledHusband。Theseareprospectsforanobservant，immovablysteady—goingyoungWoman！
ThereigningCzarina，oldCATINherself，issilentlytheOlympianJovetoCatharine，whoreveresherverymuch。Thougharticulatelystupidasever，inthisBookofCatharine’s，shecomesoutwithadumbweight，ofsilence，ofobstinacy，ofintricateabruptrigor，which——whoknowsbutitmaysavorofdumbunconsciouswisdominthefatoldblockhead？TheBooksayslittleofher，andinthewayofcriticism，ofpraiseorofblame，nothingwhatever；butonegainsthenotionofsomedarkhumanfemaleobject，biggerthanonehadfancieditbefore。