Yoursverysincerely，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——HereafterIshallbeparticularlycurioustohearwhatyouthinkofmyexplanationofEmbryologicalsimilarity。OnclassificationIfearweshallsplit。DidyouperceivetheargumentumadhominemHuxleyaboutkangarooandbear？
ERASMUSDARWIN（Hisbrother。）TOCHARLESDARWIN。
November23rd[1859]。
DearCharles，Iamsomuchweakerinthehead，thatIhardlyknowifIcanwrite，butatalleventsIwilljotdownafewthingsthattheDr。（Dr。，afterwardsSirHenryHolland。）hassaid。Hehasnotreadmuchabovehalf，soashesayshecangivenodefiniteconclusion，anditismyprivatebeliefhewishestoremaininthatstate……Heisevidentlyinadreadfulstateofindecision，andkeepsstatingthatheisnottieddowntoeitherview，andthathehasalwaysleftanescapebythewayhehasspokenofvarieties。I
happenedtospeakoftheeyebeforehehadreadthatpart，andittookawayhisbreath——utterlyimpossible——structure，function，etc。，etc。，etc。，butwhenhehadreadithehummedandhawed，andperhapsitwaspartlyconceivable，andthenhefellbackonthebonesoftheear，whichwerebeyondallprobabilityorconceivability。Hementionedaslightblot，whichIalsoobserved，thatinspeakingoftheslave—antscarryingoneanother，youchangethespecieswithoutgivingnoticefirst，anditmakesoneturnback……FormyselfIreallythinkitisthemostinterestingbookIeverread，andcanonlycompareittothefirstknowledgeofchemistry，gettingintoanewworldorratherbehindthescenes。Tomethegeographicaldistribution，Imeantherelationofislandstocontinents，isthemostconvincingoftheproofs，andtherelationoftheoldestformstotheexistingspecies。IdaresayIdon’tfeelenoughtheabsenceofvarieties，butthenIdon’tintheleastknowifeverythingnowlivingwerefossilizedwhetherthepaleontologistscoulddistinguishthem。Infacttheapriorireasoningissoentirelysatisfactorytomethatifthefactswon’tfitin，whysomuchtheworseforthefactsismyfeeling。MyaguehasleftmeinsuchastateoftorpiditythatIwishIhadgonethroughtheprocessofnaturalselection。
Yoursaffectionately，E。A。D。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Ilkley，November[24th，1859]。
MydearLyell，AgainIhavetothankyouforamostvaluablelotofcriticismsinaletterdated22nd。
ThismorningIheardalsofromMurraythathesoldthewholeedition（Firstedition，1250copies。）thefirstdaytothetrade。Hewantsaneweditioninstantly，andthisutterlyconfoundsme。Now，underwater—cure，withallnervouspowerdirectedtotheskin，Icannotpossiblydohead—work，andI
mustmakeonlyactuallynecessarycorrections。ButIwill，asfarasIcanwithoutmymanuscript，takeadvantageofyoursuggestions:Imustnotattemptmuch。WillyousendmeonelinetosaywhetherImuststrikeoutaboutthesecondarywhale（Thepassagewasomittedinthesecondedition。），itgoestomyheart。Abouttherattle—snake，looktomyJournal，underTrigonocephalus，andyouwillseetheprobableoriginoftherattle，andgenerallyintransitionsitisthepremierpasquicoute。
MadameBellocwantstotranslatemybookintoFrench;IhaveofferedtolookoverproofsforSCIENTIFICerrors。Didyoueverhearofher？I
believeMurrayhasagreedatmyurgentadvice，butIfearIhavebeenrashandpremature。Quatrefageshaswrittentome，sayingheagreeslargelywithmyviews。Heisanexcellentnaturalist。Iampressedfortime。
Willyougiveusonelineaboutthewhales？AgainIthankyoufornever—
tiringadviceandassistance;Idointruthreverenceyourunselfishandpureloveoftruth。
MydearLyell，everyours，C。DARWIN。
[WithregardtoaFrenchtranslation，hewrotetoMr。MurrayinNovember1859:\"IamEXTREMELYanxious，forthesubject’ssake（andGodknowsnotformerefame），tohavemybooktranslated;andindirectlyitsbeingknownabroadwilldogoodtotheEnglishsale。Ifitdependedonme，Ishouldagreewithoutpayment，andinstantlysendacopy，andonlybegthatshe[Mme。Belloc]wouldgetsomescientificmantolookoverthetranslation……Youmightsaythat，thoughIamaverypoorFrenchscholar，I
coulddetectanyscientificmistake，andwouldreadovertheFrenchproofs。\"
Theproposedtranslationwasnotmade，andasecondplanfellthroughinthefollowingyear。HewrotetoM。deQuatrefages:\"Thegentlemanwhowishedtotranslatemy’OriginofSpecies’hasfailedingettingapublisher。Balliere，Masson，andHachetteallrejecteditwithcontempt。
Itwasfoolishandpresumptuousinme，hopingtoappearinaFrenchdress;
buttheideawouldnothaveenteredmyheadhaditnotbeensuggestedtome。Itisagreatloss。ImustconsolemyselfwiththeGermaneditionwhichProf。Bronnisbringingout。\"（SeeletterstoBronn，page70。）
AsentenceinanotherlettertoM。deQuatrefagesshowshowanxioushewastoconvertoneofthegreatestofcontemporaryZoologists:\"HowIshouldliketoknowwhetherMilneEdwardshadreadthecopywhichIsenthim，andwhetherhethinksIhavemadeaprettygoodcaseonoursideofthequestion。ThereisnonaturalistintheworldforwhoseopinionIhavesoprofoundarespect。OfcourseIamnotsosillyastoexpecttochangehisopinion。\"]
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Ilkley，[November26th，1859]。
MydearLyell，Ihavereceivedyourletterofthe24th。Itisnousetryingtothankyou;
yourkindnessisbeyondthanks。Iwillcertainlyleaveoutthewhaleandbear……
Theeditionwas1250copies。WhenIwasinspirits，Isometimesfanciedthatmybookwouldbesuccessful，butIneverevenbuiltacastleintheairofsuchsuccessasithasmetwith;Idonotmeanthesale，buttheimpressionithasmadeonyou（whomIhavealwayslookedataschiefjudge）
andHookerandHuxley。Thewholehasinfinitelyexceededmywildesthopes。
Farewell，Iamtired，forIhavebeengoingoverthesheets。
Mykindfriend，farewell，yours，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Ilkley，Yorkshire，December2nd[1859]。
MydearLyell，Everynotewhichyouhavesentmehasinterestedmemuch。PraythankLadyLyellforherremark。Inthechapterssherefersto，Iwasunabletomodifythepassageinaccordancewithyoursuggestion;butinthefinalchapterIhavemodifiedthreeorfour。Kingsley，inanote（Theletterisgivenbelow）tome，hadacapitalparagraphonsuchnotionsasminebeingNOTopposedtoahighconceptionoftheDeity。Ihaveinserteditasanextractfromalettertomefromacelebratedauthoranddivine。Ihaveputinaboutnascentorgans。IhadthegreatestdifficultyinpartiallymakingoutSedgwick’sletter，andIdaresayIdidgreatlyunderrateitsclearness。DowhatIcould，IfearIshallbegreatlyabused。InanswertoSedgwick’sremarkthatmybookwouldbe\"mischievous，\"Iaskedhimwhethertruthcanbeknownexceptbybeingvictoriousoverallattacks。
Butitisnouse。H。C。Watsontellsmethatonezoologistsayshewillreadmybook，\"butIwillneverbelieveit。\"Whataspirittoreadanybookin！Crawfordwritestomethathisnotice（JohnCrawford，orientalist，ethnologist，etc。，1783—1868。Thereviewappearedinthe\"Examiner\"，and，thoughhostile，isfreefrombigotry，asthefollowingcitationwillshow:\"Wecannothelpsayingthatpietymustbefastidiousindeedthatobjectstoatheorythetendencyofwhichistoshowthatallorganicbeings，manincluded，areinaperpetualprogressofamelioration，andthatisexpoundedinthereverentiallanguagewhichwehavequoted。\"）
willbehostile，butthat\"hewillnotcalumniatetheauthor。\"Hesayshehasreadmybook，\"atleastsuchpartsashecouldunderstand。\"Hesentmesomenotesandsuggestions（quiteunimportant），andtheyshowmethatI
haveunavoidablydoneharmtothesubject，bypublishinganabstract。HeisarealPallasian;nearlyallourdomesticracesdescendedfromamultitudeofwildspeciesnowcommingled。IexpectedMurchisontobeoutrageous。Howlittlehecouldeverhavegrappledwiththesubjectofdenudation！Howsingularsogreatageologistshouldhavesounphilosophicalamind！Ihavehadseveralnotesfrom——，verycivilandlessdecided。Saysheshallnotpronounceagainstmewithoutmuchreflection，PERHAPSWILLSAYNOTHINGonthesubject。X。says——willgotothatpartofhell，whichDantetellsusisappointedforthosewhoareneitheronGod’ssidenoronthatofthedevil。
IfullybelievethatIowethecomfortofthenextfewyearsofmylifetoyourgeneroussupport，andthatofaveryfewothers。IdonotthinkIambraveenoughtohavestoodbeingodiouswithoutsupport;nowIfeelasboldasalion。ButthereisonethingIcanseeImustlearn，viz。，tothinklessofmyselfandmybook。Farewell，withcordialthanks。
Yoursmosttruly，C。DARWIN。
Ireturnhomeonthe7th，andshallsleepatErasmus’s。Iwillcallonyouaboutteno’clock，onThursday，the8th，andsitwithyou，asIhavesooftensat，duringyourbreakfast。
IwishtherewasanychanceofPrestwichbeingshaken;butIfearheistoomuchofacatastrophist。
[InDecemberthereappearedin’Macmillan’sMagazine’anarticle，\"TimeandLife，\"byProfessorHuxley。Itismainlyoccupiedbyananalysisoftheargumentofthe’Origin，’butitalsogivesthesubstanceofalecturedeliveredattheRoyalInstitutionbeforethatbookwaspublished。
ProfessorHuxleyspokestronglyinfavourofevolutioninhisLecture，andexplainsthatinsodoinghewastoagreatextentrestingonaknowledgeof\"thegeneraltenoroftheresearchesinwhichMr。Darwinhadbeensolongengaged，\"andwassupportedinsodoingbyhisperfectconfidenceinhisknowledge，perseverance，and\"high—mindedloveoftruth。\"MyfatherwasevidentlydeeplypleasedbyMr。Huxley’swords，andwrote:
\"Imustthankyouforyourextremelykindnoticeofmybookin’Macmillan。’
Noonecouldreceiveamoredelightfulandhonourablecompliment。IhadnotheardofyourLecture，owingtomyretiredlife。Youattributemuchtoomuchtomefromourmutualfriendship。Youhaveexplainedmyleadingideawithadmirableclearness。Whatagiftyouhaveofwriting（ormoreproperly）thinkingclearly。\"]
CHARLESDARWINTOW。B。CARPENTER。
Ilkley，Yorkshire，December3rd[1859]。
MydearCarpenter，Iamperfectlydelightedatyourletter。Itisagreatthingtohavegotagreatphysiologistonourside。Isay\"our\"forwearenowagoodandcompactbodyofreallygoodmen，andmostlynotoldmen。Inthelongrunweshallconquer。Idonotlikebeingabused，butIfeelthatIcannowbearit;and，asItoldLyell，Iamwellconvincedthatitisthefirstoffenderwhoreapstherichharvestofabuse。YouhavedoneanessentialkindnessincheckingtheodiumtheologicumintheE。R。（ThismustrefertoCarpenter’scritiquewhichwouldnowhavebeenreadytoappearintheJanuarynumberofthe\"EdinburghReview\"，1860，andinwhichtheodiumtheologicumisreferredto。）Itmuchpainsallone’sfemalerelationsandinjuresthecause。
Ilookatitasimmaterialwhetherwegoquitethesamelengths;andI
suspect，judgingfrommyself，thatyouwillgofurther，bythinkingofapopulationofformslikeOrnithorhyncus，andbythinkingofthecommonhomologicalandembryologicalstructureoftheseveralvertebrateorders。
Butthisisimmaterial。Iquiteagreethattheprincipleiseverything。
InmyfullerMS。Ihavediscussedagoodmanyinstincts;buttherewillsurelybemoreunfilledgapsherethanwithcorporealstructure，forwehavenofossilinstincts，andknowscarcelyanyexceptofEuropeananimals。
WhenIreflecthowveryslowlyIcameroundmyself，IamintruthastonishedatthecandourshownbyLyell，Hooker，Huxley，andyourself。Inmyopinionitisgrand。Ithankyoucordiallyfortakingthetroubleofwritingareviewforthe’National。’GodknowsIshallhavefewenoughinanydegreefavourable。（SeealettertoDr。Carpenterbelow。）
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Saturday[December5th，1859]……IhavehadaletterfromCarpenterthismorning。Hereviewsmeinthe’National。’Heisaconvert，butdoesnotgoquitesofarasI，butquitefarenough，forheadmitsthatallbirdsarefromoneprogenitor，andprobablyallfishesandreptilesfromanotherparent。Butthelastmouthfulchokeshim。Hecanhardlyadmitallvertebratesfromoneparent。
HewillsurelycometothisfromHomologyandEmbryology。Ilookatitasgrandhavingbroughtroundagreatphysiologist，forgreatIthinkhecertainlyisinthatline。HowcuriousIshallbetoknowwhatlineOwenwilltake;deadagainstus，Ifear;buthewrotemeamostliberalnoteonthereceptionofmybook，andsaidhewasquitepreparedtoconsiderfairlyandwithoutprejudicemylineofargument。
J。D。HOOKERTOCHARLESDARWIN。
Kew，Monday。
DearDarwin，Youhave，Iknow，beendrenchedwithletterssincethepublicationofyourbook，andIhavehenceforbornetoaddmymite。IhopenowthatyouarewellthroughEditionII。，andIhaveheardthatyouwereflourishinginLondon。Ihavenotyetgothalf—throughthebook，notfromwantofwill，butoftime——foritistheveryhardestbooktoread，tofullprofits，thatIevertried——itissocram—fullofmatterandreasoning。Iamallthemoregladthatyouhavepublishedinthisform，forthethreevolumes，unprefacedbythis，wouldhavechokedanyNaturalistofthenineteenthcentury，andcertainlyhavesoftenedmybrainintheoperationofassimilatingtheircontents。Iamperfectlytiredofmarvellingatthewonderfulamountoffactsyouhavebroughttobear，andyourskillinmarshallingthemandthrowingthemontheenemy;itisalsoextremelyclearasfarasIhavegone，butveryhardtofullyappreciate。SomehowitreadsverydifferentfromtheMS。，andIoftenfancyImusthavebeenverystupidnottohavemorefullyfolloweditinMS。Lyelltoldmeofhiscriticisms。
Ididnotappreciatethemall，andtherearemanylittlemattersIhopeonedaytotalkoverwithyou。Isawahighlyflatteringnoticeinthe’EnglishChurchman，’shortandnotatallenteringintodiscussion，butpraisingyouandyourbook，andtalkingpatronizinglyofthedoctrine！……BenthamandHenslowwillstillshaketheirheadsIfancy……
Everyoursaffectionately，JOS。D。HOOKER。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，Saturday[December12th，1859]……Ihadverylonginterviewswith——，whichperhapsyouwouldliketohearabout……Iinferfromseveralexpressionsthat，atbottom，hegoesanimmensewaywithus……
Hesaidtotheeffectthatmyexplanationwasthebesteverpublishedofthemannerofformationofspecies。IsaidIwasverygladtohearit。Hetookmeupshort:\"YoumustnotatallsupposethatIagreewithyouinallrespects。\"IsaidIthoughtitnomorelikelythatIshouldberightinnearlyallpoints，thanthatIshouldtossupapennyandgetheadstwentytimesrunning。Iaskedhimwhathethoughttheweakestpart。Hesaidhehadnoparticularobjectiontoanypart。Headded:——
\"IfImustcriticise，Ishouldsay，’wedonotwanttoknowwhatDarwinbelievesandisconvincedof，butwhathecanprove。’\"IagreedmostfullyandtrulythatIhaveprobablygreatlysinnedinthisline，anddefendedmygenerallineofargumentofinventingatheoryandseeinghowmanyclassesoffactsthetheorywouldexplain。IaddedthatIwouldendeavourtomodifythe\"believes\"and\"convinceds。\"Hetookmeupshort:\"Youwillthenspoilyourbook，thecharmof（！）itisthatitisDarwinhimself。\"
Headdedanotherobjection，thatthebookwastooteresatquerotundus———
thatitexplainedeverything，andthatitwasimprobableinthehighestdegreethatIshouldsucceedinthis。Iquiteagreewiththisratherqueerobjection，anditcomestothisthatmybookmustbeverybadorverygood……
Ihaveheard，byroundaboutchannel，thatHerschelsaysmybook\"isthelawofhiggledy—piggledy。\"WhatthisexactlymeansIdonotknow，butitisevidentlyverycontemptuous。Iftruethisisagreatblowanddiscouragement。
CHARLESDARWINTOJOHNLUBBOCK。
December14th[1859]……ThelatterpartofmystayatIlkleydidmemuchgood，butIsupposeI
nevershallbestrong，fortheworkIhavehadsinceIcamebackhasknockedmeupalittlemorethanonce。Ihavebeenbusyingettingareprint（withaveryfewcorrections）throughthepress。
MybookhasbeenasyetVERYMUCHmoresuccessfulthanIeverdreamedof:
Murrayisnowprinting3000copies。Haveyoufinishedit？Ifso，praytellmewhetheryouarewithmeontheGENERALissue，oragainstme。Ifyouareagainstme，Iknowwellhowhonourable，fair，andcandidanopponentIshallhave，andwhichisagooddealmorethanIcansayofallmyopponents……
Praytellmewhatyouhavebeendoing。HaveyouhadtimeforanyNaturalHistory？……
P。S。——Ihavegot——IwishandhopeImightsaythatWEhavegot——afairnumberofexcellentmenonoursideofthequestiononthemutabilityofspecies。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，December14th[1859]。
MydearHooker，Yourapprovalofmybook，formanyreasons，givesmeintensesatisfaction;
butImustmakesomeallowanceforyourkindnessandsympathy。Anyonewithordinaryfaculties，ifhehadPATIENCEenoughandplentyoftime，couldhavewrittenmybook。YoudonotknowhowIadmireyourandLyell’sgenerousandunselfishsympathy，Idonotbelieveeitherofyouwouldhavecaredsomuchaboutyourownwork。Mybook，asyet，hasbeenfarmoresuccessfulthanIeverevenformerlyventuredinthewildestday—dreamstoanticipate。Weshallsoonbeagoodbodyofworkingmen，andshallhave，I
amconvinced，allyoungandrisingnaturalistsonourside。IshallbeintenselyinterestedtohearwhethermybookproducesanyeffectonA。
Gray;fromwhatIheardatLyell’s，Ifancyyourcorrespondencehasbroughthimsomewayalready。IfearthatthereisnochanceofBenthambeingstaggered。Willhereadmybook？Hasheacopy？Iwouldsendhimoneofthereprintsifhehasnot。OldJ。E。Gray（JohnEdwardGray（1800—1875），wasthesonofS。F。Gray，authorofthe’SupplementtothePharmacopoeia。’
In1821hepublishedinhisfather’sname’TheNaturalArrangementofBritishPlants，’oneoftheearliestworksinEnglishonthenaturalmethod。In1824hebecameconnectedwiththeNaturalHistoryDepartmentoftheBritishMuseum，andwasappointedKeeperoftheZoologicalcollectionsin1840。Hewastheauthorof’IllustrationsofIndianZoology，’’TheKnowsleyMenagerie，’etc。，andofinnumerabledescriptiveZoologicalpapers。），attheBritishMuseum，attackedmeinfinestyle:\"YouhavejustreproducedLamarck’sdoctrineandnothingelse，andhereLyellandothershavebeenattackinghimfortwentyyears，andbecauseYOU（withasneerandlaugh）saytheverysamething，theyareallcominground;itisthemostridiculousinconsistency，etc。，etc。\"
Youmustbeverygladtobesettledinyourhouse，andIhopealltheimprovementssatisfyyou。Asfarasmyexperiencegoes，improvementsareneverperfection。Iamverysorrytohearthatyouarestillsoverybusy，andhavesomuchwork。Andnowforthemainpurportofmynote，whichistoaskandbegyouandMrs。Hooker（whomitisreallyanagesinceIhaveseen），andallyourchildren，ifyoulike，tocomeandspendaweekhere。
Itwouldbeagreatpleasuretomeandtomywife……Asfaraswecansee，weshallbeathomeallthewinter;andalltimesprobablywouldbeequallyconvenient;butifyoucan，donotputitoffverylate，asitmayslipthrough。ThinkofthisandpersuadeMrs。Hooker，andbeagoodmanandcome。
Farewell，mykindanddearfriend，Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——IshallbeverycurioustohearwhatyouthinkofmydiscussiononClassificationinChapterXIII。;IbelieveHuxleydemurstothewhole，andsayshehasnailedhiscolourstothemast，andIwouldsoonerdiethangiveup;sothatweareinasfineaframeofmindtodiscussthepointasanytworeligionists。
Embryologyismypetbitinmybook，and，confoundmyfriends，notonehasnoticedthistome。
CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
Down，December21st[1859]。
MydearGray，Ihavejustreceivedyourmostkind，long，andvaluableletter。Iwillwriteagaininafewdays，forIamatpresentunwellandmuchpressedwithbusiness:to—day’snoteismerelypersonal。Ishould，forseveralreasons，beverygladofanAmericanEdition。Ihavemadeupmymindtobewellabused;butIthinkitofimportancethatmynotionsshouldbereadbyintelligentmen，accustomedtoscientificargument，thoughNOTnaturalists。
Itmayseemabsurd，butIthinksuchmenwilldragafterthemthosenaturalistswhohavetoofirmlyfixedintheirheadsthataspeciesisanentity。Thefirsteditionof1250copieswassoldonthefirstday，andnowmypublisherisprintingoff，asRAPIDLYASPOSSIBLE，3000morecopies。
ImentionthissolelybecauseitrendersprobablearemunerativesaleinAmerica。IshouldbeinfinitelyobligedifyoucouldaidanAmericanreprint;andcouldmake，formysakeandthepublisher’s，anyarrangementforanyprofit。Theneweditionisonlyareprint，yetIhavemadeaFEW
importantcorrections。Iwillhavethecleansheetssentoverinafewdaysofasmanysheetsasareprintedoff，andtheremainderafterwards，andyoucandoanythingyoulike，——ifnothing，thereisnoharmdone。I
shouldbegladfortheneweditiontobereprintedandnottheold。——Ingreathaste，andwithheartythanks，Yoursverysincerely，C。DARWIN。
Iwillwritesoonagain。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，22nd[December，1859]。
MydearLyell，Thanksabout\"Bears\"（See’Origin，’editioni。，page184。），awordofill—
omentome。
Iamtoounwelltoleavehome，soshallnotseeyou。
IamverygladofyourremarksonHooker。（SirC。LyellwrotetoSirJ。D。
Hooker，December19，1859（’Life，’ii。page327）:\"IhavejustfinishedthereadingofyoursplendidEssay[the’FloraofAustralia’]ontheoriginofspecies，asillustratedbyyourwidebotanicalexperience，andthinkitgoesveryfartoraisethevariety—makinghypothesistotherankofatheory，asaccountingforthemannerinwhichnewspeciesentertheworld。\"）Ihavenotyetgottheessay。ThepartswhichIreadinsheetsseemedtomegrand，especiallythegeneralizationabouttheAustralianfloraitself。HowsuperiortoRobertBrown’scelebratedessay！IhavenotseenNaudin’spaper（’RevueHorticole，’1852。SeehistoricalSketchinthelatereditionsofthe’OriginofSpecies。’），andshallnotbeabletillI
huntthelibraries。Iamveryanxioustoseeit。Decaisneseemstothinkhegivesmywholetheory。IdonotknowwhenIshallhavetimeandstrengthtograpplewithHooker……
P。S。——IhaveheardfromSirW。Jardine（Jardine，SirWilliam，Bart。，1800—
1874，wasthesonofSirA。JardineofApplegarth，Dumfriesshire。HewaseducatedatEdinburgh，andsucceededtothetitleonhisfather’sdeceasein1821。Hepublished，jointlywithMr。Prideaux，J。Selby，SirStamfordRaffles，Dr。Horsfield，andotherornithologists，’IllustrationsofOrnithology，’andeditedthe’Naturalist’sLibrary，’in40volumes，whichincludedthefourbranches:Mammalia，Ornithology，Ichnology，andEntomology。Ofthese40volumes14werewrittenbyhimself。In1836hebecameeditorofthe’MagazineofZoologyandBotany，’which，twoyearslater，wastransformedinto’AnnalsofNaturalHistory，’butremainedunderhisdirection。ForBohn’sStandardLibraryheeditedWhite’s’NaturalHistoryofSelborne。’SirW。Jardinewasalsojointeditorofthe’EdinburghPhilosophicalJournal，’andwasauthorof’BritishSalmonidae，’
’IchthyologyofAnnandale，’’MemoirsofthelateHughStrickland，’
’ContributionstoOrnithology，’’OrnithologicalSynonyms，’etc。——（TakenfromWard，’MenoftheReign，’andCates，’DictionaryofGeneralBiography。’）:hiscriticismsarequiteunimportant;someoftheGalapagosso—calledspeciesoughttobecalledvarieties，whichIfullyexpected;
someofthesub—genera，thoughttobewhollyendemic，havebeenfoundontheContinent（notthathegiveshisauthority），butIdonotmakeoutthatthespeciesarethesame。Hisletterisbriefandvague，buthesayshewillwriteagain。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down[23rdDecember，1859]。
MydearHooker，Ireceivedlastnightyour’Introduction，’forwhichverymanythanks;Iamsurprisedtoseehowbigitis:Ishallnotbeabletoreaditverysoon。
ItwasverygoodofyoutosendNaudin，forIwasverycurioustoseeit。
IamsurprisedthatDecaisneshouldsayitwasthesameasmine。Naudingivesartificialselection，aswellasascoreofEnglishwriters，andwhenhesaysspecieswereformedinthesamemanner，Ithoughtthepaperwouldcertainlyproveexactlythesameasmine。ButIcannotfindonewordlikethestruggleforexistenceandnaturalselection。Onthecontrary，hebringsinhisprinciple（page103）offinality（whichIdonotunderstand），which，hesays，withsomeauthorsisfatality，withothersprovidence，andwhichadaptstheformsofeverybeing，andharmonisesthemallthroughoutnature。
Heassumeslikeoldgeologists（whoassumedthattheforcesofnaturewereformerlygreater），thatspecieswereatfirstmoreplastic。Hissimileoftreeandclassificationislikemine（andothers），buthecannot，Ithink，havereflectedmuchonthesubject，otherwisehewouldseethatgenealogybyitselfdoesnotgiveclassification;IdeclareIcannotseeaMUCH
closerapproachtoWallaceandmeinNaudinthaninLamarck——weallagreeinmodificationanddescent。IfIdonothearfromyouIwillreturnthe’Revue’inafewdays（withthecover）。IdaresayLyellwouldbegladtoseeit。Bytheway，IwillretainthevolumetillIhearwhetherIshallornotsendittoLyell。IshouldratherlikeLyelltoseethisnote，thoughitisfoolishworkstickingupforindependenceorpriority。
Everyours，C。DARWIN。
A。SEDGWICK（Rev。AdamSedgwick，1785—1873，WoodwardianProfessorofGeologyintheUniversityofCambridge。）TOCHARLESDARWIN。
Cambridge，December24th，[1859]。
MydearDarwin，Iwritetothankyouforyourworkonthe’OriginofSpecies。’Itcame，I
think，inthelatterpartoflastweek;butitMAYhavecomeafewdayssooner，andbeenoverlookedamongmybook—parcels，whichoftenremainunopenedwhenIamlazyorbusywithanyworkbeforeme。SosoonasI
openeditIbegantoreadit，andIfinishedit，aftermanyinterruptions，onTuesday。YesterdayIwasemployed——1st，inpreparingformylecture;
2ndly，inattendingameetingofmybrotherFellowstodiscussthefinalpropositionsoftheParliamentaryCommissioners;3rdly，inlecturing;
4thly，inhearingtheconclusionofthediscussionandtheCollegereply，whereby，inconformitywithmyownwishes，weacceptedtheschemeoftheCommissioners;5thly，indiningwithanoldfriendatClareCollege;6thly，inadjourningtotheweeklymeetingoftheRayClub，fromwhichIreturnedat10P。M。，dog—tired，andhardlyabletoclimbmystaircase。Lastly，inlookingthroughthe\"Times\"toseewhatwasgoingoninthebusyworld。
Idonotstatethistofillspace（thoughIbelievethatNaturedoesabhoravacuum），buttoprovethatmyreplyandmythanksaresenttoyoubytheearliestleisureIhave，thoughthatisbutaverycontractedopportunity。
IfIdidnotthinkyouagood—temperedandtruth—lovingman，Ishouldnottellyouthat（spiteofthegreatknowledge，storeoffacts，capitalviewsofthecorrelationofthevariouspartsoforganicnature，admirablehintsaboutthediffusion，throughwideregionsofmanyrelatedorganicbeings，etc。，etc。）Ihavereadyourbookwithmorepainthanpleasure。PartsofitIadmiredgreatly，partsIlaughedattillmysideswerealmostsore;
otherpartsIreadwithabsolutesorrow，becauseIthinkthemutterlyfalseandgrievouslymischievous。YouhaveDESERTED——afterastartinthattram—
roadofallsolidphysicaltruth——thetruemethodofinduction，andstartedusinmachineryaswild，Ithink，asBishopWilkins’slocomotivethatwastosailwithustothemoon。Manyofyourwideconclusionsarebaseduponassumptionswhichcanneitherbeprovednordisproved，whythenexpresstheminthelanguageandarrangementofphilosophicalinduction？Astoyourgrandprinciple——NATURALSELECTION——whatisitbutasecondaryconsequenceofsupposed，orknown，primaryfacts！Developmentisabetterword，becausemoreclosetothecauseofthefact？Foryoudonotdenycausation。Icall（intheabstract）causationthewillofGod;andIcanprovethatHeactsforthegoodofHiscreatures。Healsoactsbylawswhichwecanstudyandcomprehend。Actingbylaw，andunderwhatiscalledfinalcauses，comprehends，Ithink，yourwholeprinciple。Youwriteof\"naturalselection\"asifitweredonecuriouslybytheselectingagent。
’Tisbutaconsequenceofthepresupposeddevelopment，andthesubsequentbattleforlife。Thisviewofnatureyouhavestatedadmirably，thoughadmittedbyallnaturalistsanddeniedbynooneofcommonsense。Wealladmitdevelopmentasafactofhistory:buthowcameitabout？Here，inlanguage，andstillmoreinlogic，wearepoint—blankatissue。Thereisamoralormetaphysicalpartofnatureaswellaphysical。Amanwhodeniesthisisdeepinthemireoffolly。’TisthecrownandgloryoforganicsciencethatitDOESthroughFINALCAUSE，linkmaterialandmoral;andyetDOESNOTallowustomingletheminourfirstconceptionoflaws，andourclassificationofsuchlaws，whetherweconsideronesideofnatureortheother。Youhaveignoredthislink;and，ifIdonotmistakeyourmeaning，youhavedoneyourbestinoneortwopregnantcasestobreakit。Wereitpossible（which，thankGod，itisnot）tobreakit，humanity，inmymind，wouldsufferadamagethatmightbrutalizeit，andsinkthehumanraceintoalowergradeofdegradationthananyintowhichithasfallensinceitswrittenrecordstellusofitshistory。Takethecaseofthebee—cells。