Ifyourdevelopmentproducedthesuccessivemodificationofthebeeanditscells（whichnomortalcanprove），finalcausewouldstandgoodasthedirectingcauseunderwhichthesuccessivegenerationsactedandgraduallyimproved。Passagesinyourbook，likethattowhichIhavealluded（andthereareothersalmostasbad），greatlyshockedmymoraltaste。Ithink，inspeculatingonorganicdescent，youOVER—statetheevidenceofgeology;
andthatyouUNDER—stateitwhileyouaretalkingofthebrokenlinksofyournaturalpedigree:butmypaperisnearlydone，andImustgotomylecture—room。Lastly，then，Igreatlydisliketheconcludingchapter——notasasummary，forinthatlightitappearsgood——butIdislikeitfromthetoneoftriumphantconfidenceinwhichyouappealtotherisinggeneration（inatoneIcondemnedintheauthorofthe’Vestiges’）andprophesyofthingsnotyetinthewomboftime，nor（ifwearetotrusttheaccumulatedexperienceofhumansenseandtheinferencesofitslogic）everlikelytobefoundanywherebutinthefertilewombofman’simagination。Andnowtosayawordaboutasonofamonkeyandanoldfriendofyours:Iambetter，farbetter，thanIwaslastyear。Ihavebeenlecturingthreedaysaweek（formerlyIgavesixaweek）withoutmuchfatigue，butIfindbythelossofactivityandmemory，andofallproductivepowers，thatmybodilyframeissinkingslowlytowardstheearth。ButIhavevisionsofthefuture。Theyareasmuchapartofmyselfasmystomachandmyheart，andthesevisionsaretohavetheirantitypeinsolidfruitionofwhatisbestandgreatest。Butononeconditiononly——thatIhumblyacceptGod’srevelationofHimselfbothinhisworksandinHisword，anddomybesttoactinconformitywiththatknowledgewhichHeonlycangiveme，andHeonlycansustainmeindoing。IfyouandIdoallthisweshallmeetinheaven。
Ihavewritteninahurry，andinaspiritofbrotherlylove，thereforeforgiveanysentenceyouhappentodislike;andbelieveme，spiteofanydisagreementinsomepointsofthedeepestmoralinterest，yourtrue—
heartedoldfriend，A。SEDGWICK。
CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
Down，December25th[1859]。
MydearHuxley，OnepartofyournotehaspleasedmesomuchthatImustthankyouforit。
NotonlySirH。H。[Holland]，butseveralothers，haveattackedmeaboutanalogyleadingtobeliefinoneprimordialCREATEDform。（’Origin，’
editioni。page484。——\"ThereforeIshouldinferfromanalogythatprobablyalltheorganicbeingswhichhaveeverlivedonthisearthhavedescendedfromsomeoneprimordialform，intowhichlifewasfirstbreathed。\"）（BywhichImeanonlythatweknownothingasyet[of]howlifeoriginates。）I
thoughtIwasuniversallycondemnedonthishead。ButIansweredthatthoughperhapsitwouldhavebeenmoreprudentnottohaveputitin，I
wouldnotstrikeitout，asitseemedtomeprobable，andIgiveitonnoothergrounds。Youwillseeinyourmindthekindofargumentswhichmademethinkitprobable，andnoonefacthadsogreataneffectonmeasyourmostcuriousremarksontheapparenthomologiesoftheheadofVertebrataandArticulata。
YouhavedonearealgoodturnintheAgencybusiness（\"MyGeneralAgent\"
wasasobriquetappliedatthistimebymyfathertoMr。Huxley。）（Ineverbeforeheardofahard—working，unpaidagentbesidesyourself），intalkingwithSirH。H。，forhewillhavegreatinfluenceovermany。Heflooredmefrommyignoranceaboutthebonesoftheear，andImadeamentalnotetoaskyouwhatthefactswere。
Withheartythanksandrealadmirationforyourgenerouszealforthesubject。
Yoursmosttruly，C。DARWIN。
YoumaysmileaboutthecareandprecautionsIhavetakenaboutmyuglyMS。
（ManuscriptleftwithMr。Huxleyforhisperusal。）;itisnotsomuchthevalueIsetonthem，buttheremembranceoftheintolerablelabour——forinstance，intracingthehistoryofthebreedsofpigeons。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，25th[December，1859]……IshallnotwritetoDecaisne（WithregardtoNaudin’spaperinthe’RevueHorticole，’1852。）;Ihavealwayshadastrongfeelingthatnoonehadbetterdefendhisownpriority。IcannotsaythatIamasindifferenttothesubjectasIoughttobe，butonecanavoiddoinganythinginconsequence。
Idonotbelieveoneiotaaboutyourhavingassimilatedanyofmynotionsunconsciously。Youhavealwaysdonememorethanjustice。ButIdothinkIdidyouabadturnbygettingyoutoreadtheoldMS。，asitmusthavecheckedyourownoriginalthoughts。ThereisonethingIamfullyconvincedof，thatthefutureprogress（whichisthereallyimportantpoint）ofthesubjectwillhavedependedonreallygoodandwell—knownworkers，likeyourself，Lyell，andHuxley，havingtakenupthesubject，thanonmyownwork。Iseeplainlyitisthisthatstrikesmynon—
scientificfriends。
LastnightIsaidtomyself，IwouldjustcutyourIntroduction，butwouldnotbegintoread，butIbrokedown，andhadagoodhour’sread。
Farewell，yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
December28th，1859……Haveyouseenthesplendidessayandnoticeofmybookinthe\"Times\"？
（December26th。）IcannotavoidastrongsuspicionthatitisbyHuxley;
butIneverheardthathewroteinthe\"Times\"。Itwilldograndservice，……
C。DARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
Down，December28th[1859]。
MydearHuxley，Yesterdayevening，whenIreadthe\"Times\"ofapreviousday，Iwasamazedtofindasplendidessayandreviewofme。Whocantheauthorbe？Iamintenselycurious。Itincludedaneulogiumofmewhichquitetouchedme，thoughIamnotvainenoughtothinkitalldeserved。Theauthorisaliteraryman，andGermanscholar。Hehasreadmybookveryattentively;
but，whatisveryremarkable，itseemsthatheisaprofoundnaturalist。
HeknowsmyBarnacle—book，andappreciatesittoohighly。Lastly，hewritesandthinkswithquiteuncommonforceandclearness;andwhatisevenstillrarer，hiswritingisseasonedwithmostpleasantwit。Wealllaughedheartilyoversomeofthesentences。Iwascharmedwiththoseunreasonablemortals，whoknowanything，allthinkingfittorangethemselvesononeside。（Thereviewerproposestopassbytheorthodoxview，accordingtowhichthephenomenaoftheorganicworldare\"theimmediateproductofacreativefiat，andconsequentlyareoutofthedomainofsciencealtogether。\"Andhedoesso\"withlesshesitation，asitsohappensthatthosepersonswhoarepracticallyconversantwiththefactsofthecase（plainlyaconsiderableadvantage）havealwaysthoughtfittorangethemselves\"inthecategoryofthoseholding\"viewswhichprofesstorestonascientificbasisonly，andthereforeadmitofbeingarguedtotheirconsequences。\"）Whocanitbe？CertainlyIshouldhavesaidthattherewasonlyonemaninEnglandwhocouldhavewrittenthisessay，andthatYOUweretheman。ButIsupposeIamwrong，andthatthereissomehiddengeniusofgreatcalibre。ForhowcouldyouinfluenceJupiterOlympiusandmakehimgivethreeandahalfcolumnstopurescience？Theoldfogieswillthinktheworldwillcometoanend。Well，whoeverthemanis，hehasdonegreatservicetothecause，farmorethanbyadozenreviewsincommonperiodicals。Thegrandwayhesoarsabovecommonreligiousprejudices，andtheadmissionofsuchviewsintothe\"Times\"，I
lookatasofthehighestimportance，quiteindependentlyofthemerequestionofspecies。IfyoushouldhappentobeACQUAINTEDwiththeauthor，forHeaven—saketellmewhoheis？
MydearHuxley，yoursmostsincerely，C。DARWIN。
[ItisimpossibletogiveinashortspaceanadequateideaofMr。Huxley’sarticleinthe\"Times\"ofDecember26。Itisadmirablyplanned，soastoclaimforthe’Origin’arespectfulhearing，anditabstainsfromanythinglikedogmatisminassertingthetruthofthedoctrinesthereinupheld。A
fewpassagesmaybequoted:——\"Thatthismostingenioushypothesisenablesustogiveareasonformanyapparentanomaliesinthedistributionoflivingbeingsintimeandspace，andthatitisnotcontradictedbythemainphenomenaoflifeandorganisation，appeartoustobeunquestionable。\"Mr。Huxleygoesontorecommendtothereadersofthe’Origin’aconditionof\"thatigeSkepsis\"——astateof\"doubtwhichsolovestruththatitneitherdaresrestindoubting，norextinguishitselfbyunjustifiedbelief。\"ThefinalparagraphisinastrongcontrasttoProfessorSedgwickandhis\"ropesofbubbles\"（seebelow）。Mr。Huxleywrites:\"Mr。Darwinabhorsmerespeculationasnatureabhorsavacuum。Heisasgreedyofcasesandprecedentsasanyconstitutionallawyer，andalltheprincipleshelaysdownarecapableofbeingbroughttothetestofobservationandexperiment。Thepathhebidsusfollowprofessestobenotamereairytrack，fabricatedofidealcobwebs，butasolidandbroadbridgeoffacts。Ifitbeso，itwillcarryussafelyovermanyachasminourknowledge，andleadustoaregionfreefromthesnaresofthosefascinatingbutbarrenvirgins，theFinalCauses，againstwhomahighauthorityhassojustlywarnedus。\"
Therecanbenodoubtthatthispowerfulessay，appearingasitdidintheleadingdailyJournal，musthavehadastronginfluenceonthereadingpublic。Mr。Huxleyallowsmetoquotefromaletteranaccountofthehappychancethatthrewintohishandstheopportunityofwritingit。
\"The’Origin’wassenttoMr。Lucas，oneofthestaffofthe\"Times\"
writersatthatday，inwhatIsupposewastheordinarycourseofbusiness。
Mr。Lucas，thoughanexcellentjournalist，and，atalaterperiod，editorof’OnceaWeek，’wasasinnocentofanyknowledgeofscienceasababe，andbewailedhimselftoanacquaintanceonhavingtodealwithsuchabook。
Whereuponhewasrecommendedtoaskmetogethimoutofhisdifficulty，andheappliedtomeaccordingly，explaining，however，thatitwouldbenecessaryforhimformallytoadoptanythingImightbedisposedtowrite，byprefacingitwithtwoorthreeparagraphsofhisown。
\"Iwastooanxioustoseizeupontheopportunitythusofferedofgivingthebookafairchancewiththemultitudinousreadersofthe\"Times\"tomakeanydifficultyaboutconditions;andbeingthenveryfullofthesubject，I
wrotethearticlefaster，Ithink，thanIeverwroteanythinginmylife，andsentittoMr。Lucas，whodulyprefixedhisopeningsentences。
\"Whenthearticleappeared，therewasmuchspeculationastoitsauthorship。Thesecretleakedoutintime，asallsecretswill，butnotbymyaid;andthenIusedtoderiveagooddealofinnocentamusementfromthevehementassertionsofsomeofmymoreacutefriends，thattheyknewitwasminefromthefirstparagraph！
\"Asthe\"Times\"someyearssince，referredtomyconnectionwiththereview，Isupposetherewillbenobreachofconfidenceinthepublicationofthislittlehistory，ifyouthinkitworththespaceitwilloccupy。\"]
CHAPTER2。II。
THE’ORIGINOFSPECIES’（continued）。
1860。
[Iextractafewentriesfrommyfather’sDiary:——
\"January7th。Thesecondedition，3000copies，of’Origin’waspublished。\"
\"May22nd。Thefirsteditionof’Origin’intheUnitedStateswas2500
copies。\"
Myfatherhasherenoteddownthesumsreceivedforthe’Origin。’
FirstEdition……180poundsSecondEdition……636pounds13shillings4penceTotal……816pounds13shillings4pence。
Afterthepublicationofthesecondeditionhebeganatonce，onJanuary9th，lookingoverhismaterialsforthe’VariationofAnimalsandPlants;’
theonlyotherworkoftheyearwasonDrosera。
HewasatDownduringthewholeofthisyear，exceptforavisittoDr。
Lane’sWater—cureEstablishmentatSudbrooke，andinJune，andforvisitstoMissElizabethWedgwood’shouseatHartfield，inSussex（July），andtoEastbourne，September22toNovember16。]
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，January3rd[1860]。
MydearHooker，IhavefinishedyourEssay。（’AustralianFlora。’）Asprobablyyouwouldliketohearmyopinion，thoughanon—botanist，Iwillgiveitwithoutanyexaggeration。Tomyjudgmentitisbyfarthegrandestandmostinterestingessay，onsubjectsofthenaturediscussed，Ihaveeverread。
YouknowhowIadmiredyourformeressays，butthisseemstomefargrander。Ilikeallthepartafterpagexxvibetterthanthefirstpart，probablybecausenewertome。Idaresayyouwilldemurtothis，forI
thinkeveryauthorlikesthemostspeculativepartsofhisownproductions。
HowsuperioryouressayistothefamousoneofBrown（herewillbesneer1stfromyou）。Youhavemadeallyourconclusionssoadmirablyclear，thatitwouldbenouseatalltobeabotanist（sneerNo。2）。ByJove，itwoulddoharmtoaffixanyideatothelongnamesofoutlandishorders。
Onecanlookatyourconclusionswiththephilosophicabstractionwithwhichamathematicianlooksathisatimesxthesquarerootofzsquared，etc。etc。Ihardlyknowwhichpartshaveinterestedmemost;foroverandoveragainIexclaimed，\"thisbeatsall。\"ThegeneralcomparisonoftheFloraofAustraliawiththerestoftheworld，strikesme（asbefore）asextremelyoriginal，good，andsuggestiveofmanyreflections……TheinvadingIndianFloraisveryinteresting，butIthinkthefactyoumentiontowardsthecloseoftheessay——thattheIndianvegetation，incontradistinctiontotheMalayanvegetation，isfoundinlowandlevelpartsoftheMalayIslands，GREATLYlessensthedifficultywhichatfirst（page1）seemedsogreat。Thereisnothinglikeone’sownhobby—horse。I
suspectitisthesamecaseasofglacialmigration，andofnaturalisedproduction——ofproductionofgreaterareaconqueringthoseoflesser;ofcoursetheIndianformswouldhaveagreaterdifficultyinseizingonthecoolpartsofAustralia。Idemurtoyourremarks（page1），asnot\"conceivinganythinginsoil，climate，orvegetationofIndia，\"whichcouldstoptheintroductionofAustralianplants。Towardsthecloseoftheessay（pageciv），youhaveadmirableremarksonourprofoundignoranceofthecauseofpossiblenaturalisationorintroduction;Iwouldanswerpage1，byalaterpage，viz。pageciv。
Yourcontrastofthesouth—westandsouth—eastcornersisoneofthemostwonderfulcasesIeverheardof……Youshowthecasewithwonderfulforce。
Yourdiscussiononmixedinvadersofthesouth—eastcorner（andofNewZealand）isascuriousandintricateaproblemasoftheracesofmeninBritain。YourremarkonmixedinvadingFlorakeepingdownordestroyinganoriginalFlora，whichwasricherinnumberofspecies，strikesmeasEMINENTLYNEWANDIMPORTANT。IamnotsurewhethertomethediscussionontheNewZealandFloraisnotevenmoreinstructive。Icannottoomuchadmireboth。Butitwillrequirealongtimetosuckinallthefacts。
YourcaseofthelargestAustralianordershavingnone，orveryfew，speciesinNewZealand，istrulymarvellous。Anyhow，youhavenowDEMONSTRATED（togetherwithnomammalsinNewZealand）（bittersneerNo。
3），thatNewZealandhasneverbeencontinuously，orevennearlycontinuously，unitedbylandtoAustralia！！Atpagelxxxix，istheonlysentence（onthissubject）inthewholeessayatwhichIammuchinclinedtoquarrel，viz。thatnotheoryoftrans—oceanicmigrationcanexplain，etc。etc。NowImaintainagainstalltheworld，thatnomanknowsanythingaboutthepoweroftrans—oceanicmigration。Youdonotknowwhetherornottheabsentordershaveseedswhicharekilledbysea—water，likealmostallLeguminosae，andlikeanotherorderwhichIforget。BirdsdonotmigratefromAustraliatoNewZealand，andthereforefloatationSEEMStheonlypossiblemeans;butyetImaintainthatwedonotknowenoughtoargueonthequestion，especiallyaswedonotknowthemainfactwhethertheseedsofAustralianordersarekilledbysea—water。
ThediscussiononEuropeanGeneraisprofoundlyinteresting;butherealoneIearnestlybegformoreinformation，viz。toknowwhichofthesegeneraareabsentintheTropicsoftheworld，i。e。confinedtotemperateregions。
Iexcessivelywishtoknow，ONTHENOTIONOFGLACIALMIGRATION，howmuchmodificationhastakenplaceinAustralia。Ihadbetterexplainwhenwemeet，andgetyoutogooverandmarkthelist……Thelistofnaturalisedplantsisextremelyinteresting，butwhyattheend，inthenameofallthatisgoodandbad，doyounotsumupandcommentonyourfacts？Come，Iwillhaveasneeratyouinreturnforthemanywhichyouwillhavelaunchedatthisletter。ShouldyouhaveremarkedonthenumberofplantsnaturalisedinAustraliaandtheUnitedStatesUNDER
EXTREMELYDIFFERENTCLIMATES，asshowingthatclimateissoimportant，and[on]theconsiderablesprinklingofplantsfromIndia，NorthAmerica，andSouthAfrica，asshowingthatthefrequentintroductionofseedsissoimportant？Withrespectto\"abundanceofunoccupiedgroundinAustralia，\"
doyoubelievethatEuropeanplantsintroducedbymannowgrowonspotsinAustraliawhichwereabsolutelybare？ButIamanimpudentdog，onemustdefendone’sownfancytheoriesagainstsuchcruelmenasyou。Idaresaythisletterwillappearveryconceited，butonemustformanopiniononwhatonereadswithattention，andinsimpletruth，Icannotfindwordsstrongenoughtoexpressmyadmirationofyouressay。
Mydearoldfriend，yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——Idifferaboutthe\"SaturdayReview\"。（\"SaturdayReview\"，December24，1859。Thehostileargumentsoftherevieweraregeological，andhedealsespeciallywiththedenudationoftheWeald。Thereviewerremarksthat，\"ifamillionofcenturies，moreorless，isneededforanypartofhisargument，hefeelsnoscrupleintakingthemtosuithispurpose。\"）
Onecannotexpectfairnessinareviewer，soIdonotcomplainofalltheotherargumentsbesidesthe’GeologicalRecord’beingomitted。Someoftheremarksaboutthelapseofyearsareverygood，andthereviewergivesmesomegoodandwell—deservedraps——confoundit。Iamsorrytoconfessthetruth:butitdoesnotatallconcernthemainargument。Thatwasanicenoticeinthe\"Gardeners’Chronicle\"。IhopeandimaginethatLindleyisalmostaconvert。DonotforgettotellmeifBenthamgetsallthemorestaggered。
WithrespecttotropicalplantsduringtheGlacialperiod，Ithrowinyourteethyourownfacts，atthebaseoftheHimalaya，onthepossibilityoftheco—existenceofatleastformsofthetropicalandtemperateregions。
IcangiveaparallelcaseforanimalsinMexico。Oh！mydearlybelovedpunychild，howcruelmenaretoyou！IamverygladyouapproveoftheGeographicalchapters……
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，[January4th，1860]。
MydearL。
\"Gardeners’Chronicle\"returnedsafe。Thanksfornote。Iambeyondmeasuregladthatyougetmoreandmorerousedonthesubjectofspecies，for，asIhavealwayssaid，Iamwellconvincedthatyouropinionsandwritingswilldofarmoretoconvincetheworldthanmine。Youwillmakeagranddiscussiononman。Youareveryboldinthis，andIhonouryou。I
havebeen，likeyou，quitesurprisedatthewantoforiginalityinopposedargumentsandinfavourtoo。GwynJeffreysattacksmejustlyinhisletteraboutstrictlylittoralshellsnotbeingoftenembeddedatleastinTertiarydeposits。Iwasinamuddle，forIwasthinkingofSecondary，yetChthamalusappliedtoTertiary……
Possiblyyoumightliketoseetheenclosednote（Dr。Whewellwrote（January2，1860）:\"……Icannot，yetatleast，becomeaconvert。Butthereissomuchofthoughtandoffactinwhatyouhavewrittenthatitisnottobecontradictedwithoutcarefulselectionofthegroundandmannerofthedissent。\"Dr。Whewelldissentedinapracticalmannerforsomeyears，byrefusingtoallowacopyofthe’OriginofSpecies’tobeplacedintheLibraryofTrinityCollege。）fromWhewell，merelyasshowingthatheisnothorrifiedwithus。Youcanreturnitwheneveryouhaveoccasiontowrite，soasnottowasteyourtime。
C。D。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，[January4th？1860]……IhavehadabriefnotefromKeyserling（JointauthorwithMurchisonofthe’GeologyofRussia，’1845。），butnotworthsendingyou。Hebelievesinchangeofspecies，grantsthatnaturalselectionexplainswelladaptationofform，butthinksspecieschangetooregularly，asifbysomechemicallaw，fornaturalselectiontobethesolecauseofchange。Icanhardlyunderstandhisbriefnote，butthisisIthinktheupshot……IwillsendA。Murray’spaperwheneverpublished。（ThelateAndrewMurraywrotetwopapersonthe’Origin’intheProc。R。Soc。Edin。1860。
TheonereferredtohereisdatedJanuary16，1860。Thefollowingisquotedfrompage6oftheseparatecopy:\"Butthesecond，and，asitappearstome，bymuchthemostimportantphaseofreversiontotype（andwhichispractically，ifnotaltogetherignoredbyMr。Darwin），istheinstinctiveinclinationwhichinducesindividualsofthesamespeciesbypreferencetointercrosswiththosepossessingthequalitieswhichtheythemselveswant，soastopreservethepurityorequilibriumofthebreed……Itistritetoaproverb，thattallmenmarrylittlewomen……amanofgeniusmarriesafool……andwearetoldthatthisistheresultofthecharmofcontrast，orofqualitiesadmiredinothersbecausewedonotpossessthem。Idonotsoexplainit。Iimagineitistheeffortofnaturetopreservethetypicalmediumoftherace。\"）Itincludesspeculations（whichheperhapswillmodify）sorash，andwithoutasinglefactinsupport，thathadIadvancedthemheorotherreviewerswouldhavehitmeveryhard。IamsorrytosaythatIhaveno\"consolatoryview\"onthedignityofman。Iamcontentthatmanwillprobablyadvance，andcarenotmuchwhetherwearelookedatasmeresavagesinaremotelydistantfuture。Manythanksforyourlastnote。
Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
Ihavereceived，inaManchesternewspaper，ratheragoodsquib，showingthatIhaveproved\"mightisright，\"andthereforethatNapoleonisright，andeverycheatingtradesmanisalsoright。
CHARLESDARWINTOW。B。CARPENTER。
Down，January6th[1860]？
MydearCarpenter，Ihavejustreadyourexcellentarticleinthe’National。’Itwilldogreatgood;especiallyifitbecomesknownasyourproduction。ItseemstometogiveanexcellentlyclearaccountofMr。Wallace’sandmyviews。HowcapitallyyouturntheflanksofthetheologicalopposersbyopposingtothemsuchmenasBenthamandthemorephilosophicalofthesystematists！I
thankyousincerelyfortheEXTREMELYhonourablemannerinwhichyoumentionme。Ishouldhavelikedtohaveseensomecriticismsorremarksonembryology，onwhichsubjectyouaresowellinstructed。Idonotthinkanycandidpersoncanreadyourarticlewithoutbeingmuchimpressedwithit。Theolddoctrineofimmutabilityofspecificformswillsurelybutslowlydieaway。Itisashametogiveyoutrouble，butIshouldbeverymuchobligedifyoucouldtellmewheredifferentlycolouredeggsinindividualsofthecuckoohavebeendescribed，andtheirlayingintwenty—
sevenkindsofnests。AlsodoyouknowfromyourownobservationthatthelimbsofsheepimportedintotheWestIndieschangecolour？Ihavehaddetailedinformationaboutthelossofwool;butmyaccountsmadethechangeslowerthanyoudescribe。
Withmostcordialthanksandrespect，believeme，mydearCarpenter，yoursverysincerely，CH。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOL。JENYNS。（Rev。L。Blomefield。）
Down，January7th，1860。
MydearJenyns，Iamverymuchobligedforyourletter。Itisofgreatuseandinteresttometoknowwhatimpressionmybookproducesonphilosophicalandinstructedminds。Ithankyouforthekindthingswhichyousay;andyougowithmemuchfurtherthanIexpected。Youwillthinkitpresumptuous，butIamconvinced，IFCIRCUMSTANCESLEADYOUTOKEEPTHESUBJECTINMIND，thatyouwillgofurther。Noonehasyetcastdoubtsonmyexplanationofthesubordinationofgrouptogroup，onhomologies，embryology，andrudimentaryorgans;andifmyexplanationoftheseclassesoffactsbeatallright，wholeclassesoforganicbeingsmustbeincludedinonelineofdescent。
TheimperfectionoftheGeologicalRecordisoneofthegreatestdifficulties……Duringtheearliestperiodtherecordwouldbemostimperfect，andthisseemstomesufficienttoaccountforournotfindingintermediateformsbetweentheclassesinthesamegreatkingdoms。ItwascertainlyrashinmeputtinginmybeliefoftheprobabilityofallbeingshavingdescendedfromONEprimordialform;butasthisseemsyettomeprobable，Iamnotwillingtostrikeitout。Huxleyalonesupportsmeinthis，andsomethingcouldbesaidinitsfavour。Withrespecttoman，Iamveryfarfromwishingtoobtrudemybelief;butIthoughtitdishonesttoquiteconcealmyopinion。Ofcourseitisopentoeveryonetobelievethatmanappearedbyaseparatemiracle，thoughIdonotmyselfseethenecessityorprobability。
Prayacceptmysincerethanksforyourkindnote。YourgoingsomewaywithmegivesmegreatconfidencethatIamnotverywrong。ForaverylongtimeIhaltedhalfway;butIdonotbelievethatanyenquiringmindwillresthalf—way。Peoplewillhavetorejectalloradmitall;byALLImeanonlythemembersofeachgreatkingdom。
MydearJenyns，yoursmostsincerely，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，January10th[1860]……ItisperfectlytruethatIowenearlyallthecorrections（Thesecondeditionof3000copiesofthe’Origin’waspublishedonJanuary7th。）toyou，andseveralverbalonestoyouandothers;Iamheartilygladyouapproveofthem，asyetonlytwothingshaveannoyedme;thoseconfoundedmillions（Thisreferstothepassageinthe’OriginofSpecies’（2ndedition，page285），inwhichthelapseoftimeimpliedbythedenudationoftheWealdisdiscussed。Thediscussioncloseswiththesentence:\"Sothatitisnotimprobablethatalongerperiodthan300millionyearshaselapsedsincethelatterpartoftheSecondaryperiod。\"Thispassageisomittedinthelatereditionsofthe’Origin，’againsttheadviceofsomeofhisfriends，asappearsfromthepencilnotesinmyfather’scopyofthesecondedition。）ofyears（notthatIthinkitisprobablywrong），andmynothaving（byinadvertance）mentionedWallacetowardsthecloseofthebookinthesummary，notthatanyonehasnoticedthistome。IhavenowputinWallace’snameatpage484inaconspicuousplace。Icannotreferyoutotablesofmortalityofchildren，etc。etc。Ihavenotessomewhere，butIhavenottheLEASTideawheretohunt，andmynoteswouldnowbeold。
IshallbetrulygladtoreadcarefullyanyMS。onman，andgivemyopinion。Youusedtocautionmetobecautiousaboutman。IsuspectI
shallhavetoreturnthecautionahundredfold！Yourswill，nodoubt，beagranddiscussion;butitwillhorrifytheworldatfirstmorethanmywholevolume;althoughbythesentence（page489，newedition（Firstedition，page488。））IshowthatIbelievemanisinthesamepredicamentwithotheranimals。Itis，infact，impossibletodoubtit。Ihavethought（onlyvaguely）onman。Withrespecttotheraces，oneofmybestchancesoftruthhasbrokendownfromtheimpossibilityofgettingfacts。
Ihaveonegoodspeculativeline，butamanmusthaveentirecredenceinNaturalSelectionbeforehewillevenlistentoit。Psychologically，I
havedonescarcelyanything。Unless，indeed，expressionofcountenancecanbeincluded，andonthatsubjectIhavecollectedagoodmanyfacts，andspeculated，butIdonotsupposeIshalleverpublish，butitisanuncommonlycurioussubject。Bytheway，IsentoffalotofquestionsthedaybeforeyesterdaytoTierradelFuegoonexpression！Isuspect（forI
haveneverreadit）thatSpencer’s’Psychology’hasabearingonPsychologyasweshouldlookatit。ByallmeansreadthePreface，inabout20pages，ofHensleighWedgwood’snewDictionaryonthefirstoriginofLanguage;
Erasmuswouldlendit。IagreeaboutCarpenter，averygoodarticle，butwithnotmuchoriginal……AndrewMurrayhascriticised，inanaddresstotheBotanicalSocietyofEdinburgh，thenoticeinthe’LinneanJournal，’and\"hasdisposedof\"thewholetheorybyaningeniousdifficulty，whichIwasverystupidnottohavethoughtof;forIexpresssurpriseatmoreandanalogouscasesnotbeingknown。Thedifficultyis，thatamongsttheblindinsectsofthecavesindistantpartsoftheworldtherearesomeofthesamegenus，andyetthegenusisnotfoundoutofthecavesorlivinginthefreeworld。Ihavelittledoubtthat，likethefishAmblyopsis，andlikeProteusinEurope，theseinsectsare\"wrecksofancientlife，\"or\"livingfossils，\"savedfromcompetitionandextermination。ButthatformerlySEEINGinsectsofthesamegenusroamedoverthewholeareainwhichthecasesareincluded。
Farewell，yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——OURancestorwasananimalwhichbreathedwater，hadaswimbladder，agreatswimmingtail，animperfectskull，andundoubtedlywasanhermaphrodite！
Hereisapleasantgenealogyformankind。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，January14th[1860]……Ishallbemuchinterestedinreadingyourmandiscussion，andwillgivemyopinioncarefully，whateverthatmaybeworth;butIhavesolonglookedatyouasthetypeofcautiousscientificjudgment（tomymindoneofthehighestandmostusefulqualities），thatIsuspectmyopinionwillbesuperfluous。ItmakesmelaughtothinkwhatajokeitwillbeifIhavetocautionyou，afteryourcautionsonthesamesubjecttome！
IwillorderOwen’sbook（’ClassificationoftheMammalia，’1859。）;IamverygladtohearHuxley’sopiniononhisclassificationofman;withouthavingdueknowledge，itseemedtomefromtheveryfirstabsurd;allclassificationsfoundedonsinglecharactersIbelievehavefailed……Whatagrand，immensebenefityouconferredonmebygettingMurraytopublishmybook。Inevertillto—dayrealisedthatitwasgettingwidelydistributed;forinaletterfromaladyto—daytoE。，shesayssheheardamanenquiringforitattheRAILWAYSTATION！！！atWaterlooBridge;andthebooksellersaidthathehadnonetilltheneweditionwasout。Thebooksellersaidhehadnotreadit，buthadhearditwasaveryremarkablebook！！！……
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，14th[January，1860]……IheardfromLyellthismorning，andhetellsmeapieceofnews。Youareagood—for—nothingman;hereyouareslavingyourselftodeathwithhardlyaminutetospare，andyoumustwriteareviewofmybook！I
thoughtit（’Gardeners’Chronicle’，1860。Referredtoabove。SirJ。D。