第34章
加入书架 A- A+
点击下载App,搜索"The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin",免费读到尾

  CHARLESDARWINTOA。DECANDOLLE。

  Down,November11th[1859]。

  DearSir,Ihavethoughtthatyouwouldpermitmetosendyou(byMessrs。WilliamsandNorgate,booksellers)acopyofmywork(asyetonlyanabstract)onthe’OriginofSpecies。’Iwishtodothis,astheonly,thoughquiteinadequatemanner,bywhichIcantestifytoyoutheextremeinterestwhichIhavefelt,andthegreatadvantagewhichIhavederived,fromstudyingyourgrandandnobleworkonGeographicalDistribution。Shouldyoubeinducedtoreadmyvolume,Iventuretoremarkthatitwillbeintelligibleonlybyreadingthewholestraightthrough,asitisverymuchcondensed。

  Itwouldbeahighgratificationtomeifanyportioninterestedyou。ButIamperfectlywellawarethatyouwillentirelydisagreewiththeconclusionatwhichIhavearrived。

  Youwillprobablyhavequiteforgottenme;butmanyyearsagoyoudidmethehonourofdiningatmyhouseinLondontomeetM。andMadameSismondi(JessieAllen,sisterofMrs。JosiahWedgwoodofMaer。),theuncleandauntofmywife。Withsincererespect,Ibegtoremain,Yours,veryfaithfully,CHARLESDARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOHUGHFALCONER。

  Down,November11th[1859]。

  MydearFalconer,IhavetoldMurraytosendyouacopyofmybookonthe’OriginofSpecies,’whichasyetisonlyanabstract。

  Ifyoureadit,youmustreaditstraightthrough,otherwisefromitsextremelycondensedstateitwillbeunintelligible。

  Lord,howsavageyouwillbe,ifyoureadit,andhowyouwilllongtocrucifymealive!Ifearitwillproducenoothereffectonyou;butifitshouldstaggeryouineversoslightadegree,inthiscase,Iamfullyconvincedthatyouwillbecome,yearafteryear,lessfixedinyourbeliefintheimmutabilityofspecies。Withthisaudaciousandpresumptuousconviction,Iremain,mydearFalconer,Yoursmosttruly,CHARLESDARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。

  Down,November11th[1859]。

  MydearGray,Ihavedirectedacopyofmybook(asyetonlyanabstract)onthe’OriginofSpecies’tobesentyou。Iknowhowyouarepressedfortime;butifyoucanreadit,Ishallbeinfinitelygratified……Ifeveryoudoreadit,andcanscrewouttimetosendme(asIvalueyouropinionsohighly),howevershortanote,tellingmewhatyouthinkitsweakestandbestparts,Ishouldbeextremelygrateful。Asyouarenotageologist,youwillexcusemyconceitintellingyouthatLyellhighlyapprovesofthetwoGeologicalchapters,andthinksthatontheImperfectionoftheGeologicalRecordnotexaggerated。Heisnearlyaconverttomyviews……

  LetmeaddIfullyadmitthatthereareverymanydifficultiesnotsatisfactorilyexplainedbymytheoryofdescentwithmodification,butI

  cannotpossiblybelievethatafalsetheorywouldexplainsomanyclassesoffactsasIthinkitcertainlydoesexplain。OnthesegroundsIdropmyanchor,andbelievethatthedifficultieswillslowlydisappear……

  CHARLESDARWINTOJ。S。HENSLOW。

  Down,November11th,1859。

  MydearHenslow,IhavetoldMurraytosendacopyofmybookonSpeciestoyou,mydearoldmasterinNaturalHistory;Ifear,however,thatyouwillnotapproveofyourpupilinthiscase。ThebookinitspresentstatedoesnotshowtheamountoflabourwhichIhavebestowedonthesubject。

  Ifyouhavetimetoreaditcarefully,andwouldtakethetroubletopointoutwhatpartsseemweakesttoyouandwhatbest,itwouldbeamostmaterialaidtomeinwritingmybiggerbook,whichIhopetocommenceinafewmonths。YouknowalsohowhighlyIvalueyourjudgment。ButIamnotsounreasonableastowishorexpectyoutowritedetailedandlengthycriticisms,butmerelyafewgeneralremarks,pointingouttheweakestparts。

  IfyouareINEVENSOSLIGHTADEGREEstaggered(whichIhardlyexpect)ontheimmutabilityofspecies,thenIamconvincedwithfurtherreflectionyouwillbecomemoreandmorestaggered,forthishasbeentheprocessthroughwhichmymindhasgone。MydearHenslow,Yoursaffectionatelyandgratefully,C。DARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOJOHNLUBBOCK。(ThepresentSirJohnLubbock。)

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,Saturday[November12th,1859]……ThankyoumuchforaskingmetoBrighton。Ihopemuchthatyouwillenjoyyourholiday。IhavetoldMurraytosendacopyforyoutoMansionHouseStreet,andIamsurprisedthatyouhavenotreceivedit。Therearesomanyvalidandweightyargumentsagainstmynotions,thatyou,oranyone,ifyouwishontheotherside,willeasilypersuadeyourselfthatIamwhollyinerror,andnodoubtIaminpartinerror,perhapswhollyso,thoughIcannotseetheblindnessofmyways。Idaresaywhenthunderandlightningwerefirstprovedtobeduetosecondarycauses,someregrettedtogiveuptheideathateachflashwascausedbythedirecthandofGod。

  Farewell,Iamfeelingveryunwellto—day,sonomore。

  Yoursverytruly,C。DARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOJOHNLUBBOCK。

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,Tuesday[November15th,1859]。

  MydearLubbock,Ibegpardonfortroublingyouagain。IdonotknowhowIblunderedinexpressingmyselfinmakingyoubelievethatweacceptedyourkindinvitationtoBrighton。Imeantmerelytothankyousincerelyforwishingtoseesuchaworn—outolddogasmyself。Ihardlyknowwhenweleavethisplace,——notunderafortnight,andthenweshallwishtorestunderourownroof—tree。

  IdonotthinkIhardlyeveradmiredabookmorethanPaley’s’NaturalTheology。’Icouldalmostformerlyhavesaiditbyheart。

  Iamgladyouhavegotmybook,butIfearthatyouvalueitfartoohighly。Ishouldbegratefulforanycriticisms。IcarenotforReviews;

  butfortheopinionofmenlikeyouandHookerandHuxleyandLyell,etc。

  Farewell,withourjointthankstoMrs。Lubbockandyourself。Adios。

  C。DARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOL。JENYNS。(NowRev。L。Blomefield。)

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,November13th,1859。

  MydearJenyns,ImustthankyouforyourverykindnoteforwardedtomefromDown。Ihavebeenmuchoutofhealththissummer,andhavebeenhydropathisinghereforthelastsixweekswithverylittlegoodasyet。Ishallstayhereforanotherfortnightatleast。Pleaserememberthatmybookisonlyanabstract,andverymuchcondensed,and,tobeatallintelligible,mustbecarefullyread。Ishallbeverygratefulforanycriticisms。ButIknowperfectlywellthatyouwillnotatallagreewiththelengthswhichIgo。

  Ittooklongyearstoconvertme。Imay,ofcourse,beegregiouslywrong;

  butIcannotpersuademyselfthatatheorywhichexplains(asIthinkitcertainlydoes)severallargeclassesoffacts,canbewhollywrong;

  notwithstandingtheseveraldifficultieswhichhavetobesurmountedsomehow,andwhichstaggermeeventothisday。

  Iwishthatmyhealthhadallowedmetopublishinextenso;ifeverIgetstrongenoughIwilldoso,asthegreaterpartiswrittenout,andofwhichMS。thepresentvolumeisanabstract。

  Ifearthisnotewillbealmostillegible;butIampoorly,andcanhardlysitup。Farewell;withthanksforyourkindnoteandpleasantremembranceofgoodolddays。

  Yoursverysincerely,C。DARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOA。R。WALLACE。

  Ilkley,November13th,1859。

  MydearSir,IhavetoldMurraytosendyoubypost(ifpossible)acopyofmybook,andIhopethatyouwillreceiveitatnearlythesametimewiththisnote。

  (N。B。Ihavegotabadfinger,whichmakesmewriteextrabadly。)Ifyouaresoinclined,Ishouldverymuchliketohearyourgeneralimpressionofthebook,asyouhavethoughtsoprofoundlyonthesubject,andinsonearlythesamechannelwithmyself。Ihopetherewillbesomelittlenewtoyou,butIfearnotmuch。Rememberitisonlyanabstract,andverymuchcondensed。Godknowswhatthepublicwillthink。Noonehasreadit,exceptLyell,withwhomIhavehadmuchcorrespondence。Hookerthinkshimacompleteconvert,buthedoesnotseemsoinhisletterstome;butisevidentlydeeplyinterestedinthesubject。Idonotthinkyourshareinthetheorywillbeoverlookedbytherealjudges,asHooker,Lyell,AsaGray,etc。IhaveheardfromMr。SlaterthatyourpaperontheMalayArchipelagohasbeenreadattheLinneanSociety,andthathewasEXTREMELY

  muchinterestedbyit。

  Ihavenotseenonenaturalistforsixorninemonths,owingtothestateofmyhealth,andthereforeIreallyhavenonewstotellyou。IamwritingthisatIlkleyWells,whereIhavebeenwithmyfamilyforthelastsixweeks,andshallstayforsomefewweekslonger。AsyetIhaveprofitedverylittle。GodknowswhenIshallhavestrengthformybiggerbook。

  Isincerelyhopethatyoukeepyourhealth;Isupposethatyouwillbethinkingofreturning(Mr。WallacewasintheMalayArchipelago。)soonwithyourmagnificentcollections,andstillgrandermentalmaterials。Youwillbepuzzledhowtopublish。TheRoyalSocietyfundwillbeworthyourconsideration。Witheverygoodwish,praybelieveme,Yoursverysincerely,CHARLESDARWIN。

  P。S。IthinkthatItoldyoubeforethatHookerisacompleteconvert。IfIcanconvertHuxleyIshallbecontent。

  CHARLESDARWINTOW。D。FOX。

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,Wednesday[November16th,1859]……Iliketheplaceverymuch,andthechildrenhaveenjoyeditmuch,andithasdonemywifegood。ItdidH。goodatfirst,butshehasgonebackagain。Ihavehadaseriesofcalamities;firstasprainedankle,andthenabadlyswollenwholelegandface,muchrash,andafrightfulsuccessionofboils——fourorfiveatonce。Ihavefeltquiteill,andhavelittlefaithinthis\"uniquecrisis,\"asthedoctorcallsit,doingmemuchgood……Youwillprobablyhavereceived,orwillverysoonreceive,mywearifulbookonspecies,Inaturallybelieveitmainlyincludesthetruth,butyouwillnotatallagreewithme。Dr。Hooker,whomIconsideroneofthebestjudgesinEurope,isacompleteconvert,andhethinksLyellislikewise;certainly,judgingfromLyell’sletterstomeonthesubject,heisdeeplystaggered。Farewell。Ifthespiritmovesyou,letmehavealine……

  CHARLESDARWINTOW。B。CARPENTER。

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,November18th[1859]。

  MydearCarpenter,Imustthankyouforyourletteronmyownaccount,andifIknowmyself,stillmorewarmlyforthesubject’ssake。Asyouseemtohaveunderstoodmylastchapterwithoutreadingthepreviouschapters,youmusthavematurelyandmostprofoundlyself—thoughtoutthesubject;forIhavefoundthemostextraordinarydifficultyinmakingevenablemenunderstandatwhatIwasdriving。Therewillbestrongoppositiontomyviews。IfIaminthemainright(ofcourseincludingpartialerrorsunseenbyme),theadmissioninmyviewswilldependfarmoreonmen,likeyourself,withwell—establishedreputations,thanonmyownwritings。Therefore,onthesuppositionthatwhenyouhavereadmyvolumeyouthinktheviewinthemaintrue,Ithankandhonouryouforbeingwillingtorunthechanceofunpopularitybyadvocatingtheview。IknownotintheleastwhetheranyonewillreviewmeinanyoftheReviews。Idonotseehowanauthorcouldenquireorinterfere;butifyouarewillingtoreviewmeanywhere,IamsurefromtheadmirationwhichIhavelongfeltandexpressedforyour’ComparativePhysiology,’thatyourreviewwillbeexcellentlydone,andwilldogoodserviceinthecauseforwhichIthinkIamnotselfishlydeeplyinterested。Iamfeelingveryunwellto—day,andthisnoteisbadly,perhapshardlyintelligibly,expressed;butyoumustexcuseme,forIcouldnotletapostpass,withoutthankingyouforyournote。YouwillhaveatoughjobeventoshakeintheslightestdegreeSirH。Holland。I

  donotthink(privatelyIsayit)thatthegreatmanhasknowledgeenoughtoenteronthesubject。Praybelievemewithsincerity,Yourstrulyobliged,C。DARWIN。

  P。S。——Asyouarenotapracticalgeologist,letmeaddthatLyellthinksthechapterontheImperfectionoftheGeologicalRecordNOTexaggerated。

  CHARLESDARWINTOW。B。CARPENTER。

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,November19th[1859]。

  MydearCarpenter,Ibegpardonfortroublingyouagain。If,afterreadingmybook,youareabletocometoaconclusioninanydegreedefinite,willyouthinkmeveryunreasonableinaskingyoutoletmehearfromyou。Idonotaskforalongdiscussion,butmerelyforabriefideaofyourgeneralimpression。

  Fromyourwidelyextendedknowledge,habitofinvestigatingthetruth,andabilities,Ishouldvalueyouropinionintheveryhighestrank。ThoughI,ofcourse,believeinthetruthofmyowndoctrine,Isuspectthatnobeliefisvividuntilsharedbyothers。AsyetIknowonlyonebeliever,butIlookathimasofthegreatestauthority,viz。,Hooker。WhenIthinkofthemanycasesofmenwhohavestudiedonesubjectforyears,andhavepersuadedthemselvesofthetruthofthefoolishestdoctrines,Ifeelsometimesalittlefrightened,whetherImaynotbeoneofthesemono—

  maniacs。

  Againprayexcusethis,Ifear,unreasonablerequest。Ashortnotewouldsuffice,andIcouldbearahostileverdict,andshallhavetobearmanyaone。

  Yoursverysincerely,C。DARWIN。

  CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。

  Ilkley,Yorkshire,Sunday[November1859]。

  MydearHooker,Ihavejustreadareviewonmybookinthe\"Athenaeum\"(November19,1859。),anditexcitesmycuriositymuchwhoistheauthor。Ifyoushouldhearwhowritesinthe\"Athenaeum\"Iwishyouwouldtellme。Itseemstomewelldone,butthereviewergivesnonewobjections,and,beinghostile,passesovereverysingleargumentinfavourofthedoctrine,……Ifearfromthetoneofthereview,thatIhavewritteninaconceitedandcocksurestyle(TheReviewerspeaksoftheauthor’s\"evidentself—satisfaction,\"andofhisdisposingofalldifficulties\"moreorlessconfidently。\"),whichshamesmealittle。ThereisanotherreviewofwhichIshouldliketoknowtheauthor,viz。,ofH。C。Watsoninthe\"Gardener’sChronicle\"。Someoftheremarksarelikeyours,andhedoesdeservepunishment;butsurelythereviewistoosevere。Don’tyouthinkso?

  IhopeyougotthethreecopiesforForeignBotanistsintimeforyourparcel,andyourowncopy。IhaveheardfromCarpenter,who,Ithink,islikelytobeaconvert。AlsofromQuatrefages,whoisinclinedtogoalongwaywithus。Hesaysthatheexhibitedinhislectureadiagramcloselylikemine!

  Ishallstayhereonefortnightmore,andthengotoDown,stayingontheroadatShrewsburyaweek。Ihavebeenveryunfortunate:outofsevenweeksIhavebeenconfinedforfivetothehouse。Thishasbeenbadforme,asIhavenotbeenabletohelpthinkingtoafoolishextentaboutmybook。IfsomefourorfiveGOODmencameroundnearlytoourview,Ishallnotfearultimatesuccess。IlongtolearnwhatHuxleythinks。Isyourintroduction(Introductiontothe’FloraofAustralia。’)published?I

  supposethatyouwillsellitseparately。Pleaseanswerthis,forIwantanextracopytosendawaytoWallace。Iamverybothersome,farewell。

  Yoursaffectionately,C。DARWIN。

  IwasverygladtoseetheRoyalMedalforMr。Bentham。

  CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。

  Down,December21st,1859。

  MydearHooker,PraygivemythankstoMrs。Hookerforherextremelykindnote,whichhaspleasedmemuch。Weareverysorryshecannotcomehere,butshallbedelightedtoseeyouandW。(ourboyswillbeathome)hereinthe2ndweekofJanuary,oranyothertime。Ishallmuchenjoydiscussinganypointsinmybookwithyou……

  Ihatetohearyouabuseyourownwork。I,onthecontrary,sosincerelyvalueallthatyouhavewritten。Itisanoldandfirmconvictionofmine,thattheNaturalistswhoaccumulatefactsandmakemanypartialgeneralisationsaretheREALbenefactorsofscience。ThosewhomerelyaccumulatefactsIcannotverymuchrespect。

  IhadhopedtohavecomeupfortheClubto—morrow,butverymuchdoubtwhetherIshallbeable。Ilkleyseemstohavedonemenoessentialgood。

  IattendedtheBenchonMonday,andwasdetainedinadjudicatingsometroublesomecases11/2hourslongerthanusual,andcamehomeutterlyknockedup,andcannotrally。Iamnotworthanoldbutton……Manythanksforyourpleasantnote。

  Everyours,C。DARWIN。

  P。S。——Ifeelconfidentthatforthefutureprogressofthesubjectoftheoriginandmannerofformationofspecies,theassentandargumentsandfactsofworkingnaturalists,likeyourself,arefarmoreimportantthanmyownbook;soforGod’ssakedonotabuseyourIntroduction。

  H。C。WATSONTOCHARLESDARWIN。

  ThamesDitton,November21st[1859]。

  MydearSir,Oncecommencedtoreadthe’Origin,’IcouldnotresttillIhadgallopedthroughthewhole。Ishallnowbegintore—readitmoredeliberately。

  MeantimeIamtemptedtowriteyouthefirstimpressions,notdoubtingthattheywill,inthemain,bethepermanentimpressions:——

  1st。Yourleadingideawillassuredlybecomerecognisedasanestablishedtruthinscience,i。e。\"NaturalSelection。\"Ithasthecharacteristicsofallgreatnaturaltruths,clarifyingwhatwasobscure,simplifyingwhatwasintricate,addinggreatlytopreviousknowledge。Youarethegreatestrevolutionistinnaturalhistoryofthiscentury,ifnotofallcenturies。

  2nd。Youwillperhapsneed,insomedegree,tolimitormodify,possiblyinsomedegreealsotoextend,yourpresentapplicationsoftheprincipleofnaturalselection。Withoutgoingtomattersofmoredetail,itstrikesmethatthereisoneconsiderableprimaryinconsistency,byonefailureintheanalogybetweenvarietiesandspecies;anotherbyasortofbarrierassumedfornatureoninsufficientgroundsandarisingfrom\"divergence。\"

  Thesemay,however,befaultsinmyownmind,attributabletoyetincompleteperceptionofyourviews。AndIhadbetternottroubleyouaboutthembeforeagainreadingthevolume。

  3rd。Nowthesenovelviewsarebroughtfairlybeforethescientificpublic,itseemstrulyremarkablehowsomanyofthemcouldhavefailedtoseetheirrightroadsooner。HowcouldSirC。Lyell,forinstance,forthirtyyearsread,write,andthink,onthesubjectofspeciesANDTHEIR

  SUCCESSION,andyetconstantlylookdownthewrongroad!

  Aquarterofacenturyago,youandImusthavebeeninsomethinglikethesamestateofmindonthemainquestion,butyouwereabletoseeandworkoutthequomodoofthesuccession,theall—importantthing,whileIfailedtograspit。Isendbythispostalittlecontroversialpamphletofolddate——CombeandScott。Ifyouwilltakethetroubletoglanceatthepassagesscoredonthemargin,youwillseethat,aquarterofacenturyago,Iwasalsooneofthefewwhothendoubtedtheabsolutedistinctnessofspecies,andspecialcreationsofthem。YetI,liketherest,failedtodetectthequomodowhichwasreservedforyourpenetrationtoDISCOVER,andyourdiscernmenttoAPPLY。

  YouansweredmyqueryaboutthehiatusbetweenSatyrusandHomoaswasexpected。TheobviousexplanationreallyneveroccurredtometillsomemonthsafterIhadreadthepapersinthe’LinneanProceedings。’ThefirstspeciesofFere—homo(\"Almost—man。\")wouldsoonmakedirectandexterminatingwaruponhisInfra—homocousins。Thegapwouldthusbemade,andthengoonincreasing,intothepresentenormousandstillwideninghiatus。Buthowgreatlythis,withyourchronologyofanimallife,willshocktheideasofmanymen!

  Verysincerely,HEWETTC。WATSON。

  J。D。HOOKERTOCHARLESDARWIN。

  Athenaeum,Monday[November21st,1859]。

  MydearDarwin,Iamasinnernottohavewrittenyouerethis,ifonlytothankyouforyourgloriousbook——whatamassofclosereasoningoncuriousfactsandfreshphenomena——itiscapitallywritten,andwillbeverysuccessful。I

  saythisonthestrengthoftwoorthreeplungesintoasmanychapters,forIhavenotyetattemptedtoreadit。Lyell,withwhomwearestaying,isperfectlyenchanted,andisabsolutelygloatingoverit。Imustacceptyourcomplimenttome,andacknowledgmentofsupposedassistancefromme,asthewarmtributeofaffectionfromanhonest(thoughdeluded)man,andfurthermoreacceptitasverypleasingtomyvanity;but,mydearfellow,neithermynamenormyjudgmentnormyassistancedeservedanysuchcompliments,andifIamdishonestenoughtobepleasedwithwhatIdon’tdeserve,itmustjustpass。HowdifferenttheBOOKreadsfromtheMS。I

  seeIshallhavemuchtotalkoverwithyou。ThoselazyprintershavenotfinishedmylucklessEssay;which,besideyourbook,willlooklikearaggedhandkerchiefbesideaRoyalStandard……

  Allwell,everyoursaffectionately,JOS。D。HOOKER。

  CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。

  Ilkley,Yorkshire[November1859]。

  MydearHooker,Icannothelpit,Imustthankyouforyouraffectionateandmostkindnote。Myheadwillbeturned。ByJove,Imusttryandgetabitmodest。

  Iwasalittlechagrinedbythereview。(Thisreferstothereviewinthe\"Athenaeum\",November19,1859,wherethereviewer,aftertouchingonthetheologicalaspectsofthebook,leavestheauthorto\"themerciesoftheDivinityHall,theCollege,theLectureRoom,andtheMuseum。\")IhopeitwasNOT——。Asadvocate,hemightthinkhimselfjustifiedingivingtheargumentonlyononeside。Butthemannerinwhichhedragsinimmortality,andsetsthepriestsatme,andleavesmetotheirmercies,isbase。Hewould,onnoaccount,burnme,buthewillgetthewoodready,andtelltheblackbeastshowtocatchme……ItwouldbeunspeakablygrandifHuxleyweretolectureonthesubject,butIcanseethisisamerechance;Faradaymightthinkittoounorthodox……Ihadaletterfrom[Huxley]withsuchtremendouspraiseofmybook,thatmodesty(asIamtryingtocultivatethatdifficultherb)preventsmesendingittoyou,whichIshouldhavelikedtohavedone,asheisverymodestabouthimself。

  Youhavecockeredmeuptothatextent,thatInowfeelIcanfaceascoreofsavagereviewers。IsupposeyouarestillwiththeLyells。Givemykindestremembrancetothem。Itriumphtohearthathecontinuestoapprove。

  Believeme,yourwould—bemodestfriend,C。D。

  CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。

  IlkleyWells,Yorkshire,November23[1859]。

  MydearLyell,Youseemedtohaveworkedadmirablyonthespeciesquestion;therecouldnothavebeenabetterplanthanreadingupontheoppositeside。I

  rejoiceprofoundlythatyouintendadmittingthedoctrineofmodificationinyournewedition(ItappearsfromSirCharlesLyell’spublishedlettersthatheintendedtoadmitthedoctrineofevolutioninaneweditionofthe’Manual,’butthiswasnotpublishedtill1865。Hewas,however,atworkonthe’AntiquityofMan’in1860,andhadalreadydeterminedtodiscussthe’Origin’attheendofthebook。);nothing,Iamconvinced,couldbemoreimportantforitssuccess。Ihonouryoumostsincerely。Tohavemaintainedinthepositionofamaster,onesideofaquestionforthirtyyears,andthendeliberatelygiveitup,isafacttowhichImuchdoubtwhethertherecordsofscienceofferaparallel。Formyself,also,I

  rejoiceprofoundly;for,thinkingofsomanycasesofmenpursuinganillusionforyears,oftenandoftenacoldshudderhasrunthroughme,andIhaveaskedmyselfwhetherImaynothavedevotedmylifetoaphantasy。

  NowIlookatitasmorallyimpossiblethatinvestigatorsoftruth,likeyouandHooker,canbewhollywrong,andthereforeIrestinpeace。Thankyouforcriticisms,which,iftherebeasecondedition,Iwillattendto。

  IhavebeenthinkingthatifIammuchexecratedasanatheist,etc。,whethertheadmissionofthedoctrineofnaturalselectioncouldinjureyourworks;butIhopeandthinknot,forasfarasIcanremember,thevirulenceofbigotryisexpendedonthefirstoffender,andthosewhoadopthisviewsareonlypitiedasdeluded,bythewiseandcheerfulbigots。

  Icannothelpthinkingthatyouoverratetheimportanceofthemultipleoriginofdogs。Theonlydifferenceis,thatinthecaseofsingleorigins,alldifferenceoftheraceshasoriginatedsincemandomesticatedthespecies。Inthecaseofmultipleoriginspartofthedifferencewasproducedundernaturalconditions。IshouldINFINITELYpreferthetheoryofsingleorigininallcases,iffactswouldpermititsreception。Butthereseemstomesomeaprioriimprobability(seeinghowfondsavagesareoftaminganimals),thatthroughoutalltimes,andthroughoutalltheworld,thatmanshouldhavedomesticatedonesinglespeciesalone,ofthewidelydistributedgenusCanis。Besidesthis,thecloseresemblanceofatleastthreekindsofAmericandomesticdogstowildspeciesstillinhabitingthecountrieswheretheyarenowdomesticated,seemtoalmostcompeladmissionthatmorethanonewildCanishasbeendomesticatedbyman。

  Ithankyoucordiallyforallthegenerouszealandinterestyouhaveshownaboutmybook,andIremain,mydearLyell,Youraffectionatefriendanddisciple,CHARLESDARWIN。

  SirJ。Herschel,towhomIsentacopy,isgoingtoreadmybook。Hesaysheleanstothesideopposedtome。Ifyoushouldmeethimafterhehasreadme,prayfindoutwhathethinks,for,ofcourse,hewillnotwrite;

  andIshouldexcessivelyliketohearwhetherIproduceanyeffectonsuchamind。

  T。H。HUXLEYTOCHARLESDARWIN。

  JermynStreetW。,November23rd,1859。

  MydearDarwin,Ifinishedyourbookyesterday,aluckyexaminationhavingfurnishedmewithafewhoursofcontinuousleisure。

  SinceIreadVonBaer’s(KarlErnstvonBaer,born1792,diedatDorpat1876——oneofthemostdistinguishedbiologistsofthecentury。Hepracticallyfoundedthemodernscienceofembryology。)essays,nineyearsago,noworkonNaturalHistoryScienceIhavemetwithhasmadesogreatanimpressionuponme,andIdomostheartilythankyouforthegreatstoreofnewviewsyouhavegivenme。Nothing,Ithink,canbebetterthanthetoneofthebook,itimpressesthosewhoknownothingaboutthesubject。

  Asforyourdoctrine,Iampreparedtogotothestake,ifrequisite,insupportofChapterIX。,andmostpartsofChaptersX。,XI。,XII。,andChapterXIII。containsmuchthatismostadmirable,butononeortwopointsIenteracaveatuntilIcanseefurtherintoallsidesofthequestion。

  Astothefirstfourchapters,Iagreethoroughlyandfullywithalltheprincipleslaiddowninthem。Ithinkyouhavedemonstratedatruecausefortheproductionofspecies,andhavethrowntheonusprobandithatspeciesdidnotariseinthewayyousuppose,onyouradversaries。

  ButIfeelthatIhavenotyetbyanymeansfullyrealizedthebearingsofthosemostremarkableandoriginalChaptersIII。,IV。andV。,andIwillwritenomoreaboutthemjustnow。

  Theonlyobjectionsthathaveoccurredtomeare,1stthatyouhaveloadedyourselfwithanunnecessarydifficultyinadoptingNaturanonfacitsaltumsounreservedly……And2nd,itisnotcleartomewhy,ifcontinualphysicalconditionsareofsolittlemomentasyousuppose,variationshouldoccuratall。

  However,ImustreadthebooktwoorthreetimesmorebeforeIpresumetobeginpickingholes。

  Itrustyouwillnotallowyourselftobeinanywaydisgustedorannoyedbytheconsiderableabuseandmisrepresentationwhich,unlessIgreatlymistake,isinstoreforyou。Dependuponityouhaveearnedthelastinggratitudeofallthoughtfulmen。Andastothecurswhichwillbarkandyelp,youmustrecollectthatsomeofyourfriends,atanyrate,areendowedwithanamountofcombativenesswhich(thoughyouhaveoftenandjustlyrebukedit)maystandyouingoodstead。

  Iamsharpeningupmyclawsandbeakinreadiness。

  Lookingbackovermyletter,itreallyexpressessofeeblyallIthinkaboutyouandyournoblebookthatIamhalfashamedofit;butyouwillunderstandthat,liketheparrotinthestory,\"Ithinkthemore。\"

  Everyoursfaithfully,T。H。HUXLEY。

  CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。

  Ilkley,November25th[1859]。

  MydearHuxley,YourletterhasbeenforwardedtomefromDown。LikeagoodCatholicwhohasreceivedextremeunction,Icannowsing\"nuncdimittis。\"Ishouldhavebeenmorethancontentedwithonequarterofwhatyouhavesaid。

  Exactlyfifteenmonthsago,whenIputpentopaperforthisvolume,Ihadawfulmisgivings;andthoughtperhapsIhaddeludedmyself,likesomanyhavedone,andIthenfixedinmymindthreejudges,onwhosedecisionI

  determinedmentallytoabide。ThejudgeswereLyell,Hooker,andyourself。

  Itwasthiswhichmademesoexcessivelyanxiousforyourverdict。Iamnowcontented,andcansingmynuncdimittis。WhatajokeitwouldbeifI

  patyouonthebackwhenyouattacksomeimmovablecreationist!Youhavemostcleverlyhitononepoint,whichhasgreatlytroubledme;if,asI

  mustthink,externalconditionsproducelittleDIRECTeffect,whatthedevildetermineseachparticularvariation?Whatmakesatuftoffeatherscomeonacock’shead,ormossonamoss—rose?Ishallmuchliketotalkoverthiswithyou……

  MydearHuxley,Ithankyoucordiallyforyourletter。

点击下载App,搜索"The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin",免费读到尾