MORALLAWS。
Theactivefacultyofthehumanmind，asthefacultyofdesireinitswidestsense，isthepowerwhichmanhas，throughhismentalrepresentations，ofbecomingthecauseofobjectscorrespondingtotheserepresentations。Thecapacityofabeingtoactinconformitywithhisownrepresentationsiswhatconstitutesthelifeofsuchabeing。
Itistobeobserved，first，thatwithdesireoraversionthereisalwaysconnectedpleasureorpain，thesusceptibilityforwhichiscalledfeeling。Buttheconversedoesnotalwayshold;fortheremaybeapleasureconnected，notwiththedesireofanobject，butwithamerementalrepresentation，itbeingindifferentwhetheranobjectcorrespondingtotherepresentationexistornot。Andsecond，thepleasureorpainconnectedwiththeobjectofdesiredoesnotalwaysprecedetheactivityofdesire;norcanitberegardedineverycaseasthecause，butitmayaswellbetheeffectofthatactivity。Thecapacityofexperiencingpleasureorpainontheoccasionofamentalrepresentationiscalled\"feeling，\"becausepleasureandpaincontainonlywhatissubjectiveintherelationsofourmentalactivity。Theydonotinvolveanyrelationtoanobjectthatcouldpossiblyfurnishaknowledgeofitassuch;theycannotevengiveusaknowledgeofourownmentalstate。Forevensensations，*consideredapartfromthequalitieswhichattachtothemonaccountofthemodificationsofthesubject—as，forinstance，inreferencetored，sweet，andsuchlike—arereferredasconstituentelementsofknowledgetoobjects，whereaspleasureorpainfeltinconnectionwithwhatisredorsweetexpressabsolutelynothingthatisintheobject，butmerelyarelationtothesubject。Andforthereasonjuststated，pleasureandpainconsideredinthemselvescannotbemorepreciselydefined。Allthatcanbefurtherdonewithregardtothemismerelytopointoutwhatconsequencestheymayhaveincertainrelations，inordertomaketheknowledgeofthemavailablepractically。
*Thesensibilityasthefacultyofsensemaybedefinedbyreferencetothesubjectivenatureofourrepresentationsgenerally。Itistheunderstandingthatfirrefersthesubjectiverepresentationstoanobject;italonethinksanythingbymeansoftheserepresentations。
Now，thesubjectivenatureofourrepresentationsmightbeofsuchakindthattheycouldberelatedtoobjectssoastofurnishknowledgeofthem，eitherinregardtotheirformormatter—intheformerrelationbypureperception，inthelatterbysensationproper。