4。NewEffectsoftheFertilityandBarrennessofCountries。Thebarrennessoftheearthrendersmenindustrious，sober，inuredtohardship，courageous，andfitforwar；theyareobligedtoprocurebylabourwhattheearthrefusestobestowspontaneously。Thefertilityofacountrygivesease，effeminacy，andacertainfondnessforthepreservationoflife。IthasbeenremarkedthattheGermantroopsraisedinthoseplaceswherethepeasantsarerich，as，forinstance，inSaxony，arenotsogoodastheothers。Militarylawsmayprovideagainstthisinconveniencebyamoreseverediscipline。
5。OftheInhabitantsofIslands。Theinhabitantsofislandshaveahigherrelishforlibertythanthoseofthecontinent。Islandsarecommonlyofsmallextent；[4]onepartofthepeoplecannotbesoeasilyemployedtooppresstheother；theseaseparatesthemfromgreatempires；tyrannycannotsowellsupportitselfwithinasmallcompass：
conquerorsarestoppedbythesea；andtheislanders，beingwithoutthereachoftheirarms，moreeasilypreservetheirownlaws。
6。OfCountriesraisedbytheIndustryofMan。Thosecountrieswhichtheindustryofmanhasrenderedhabitable，andwhichstandinneedofthesameindustrytoprovidefortheirsubsistence，requireamildandmoderategovernment。Thereareprincipallythreeofthisspecies：thetwofineprovincesofKiang—nanandTsekianginChina；Egypt，andHolland。
TheancientemperorsofChinawerenotconquerors。Thefirstthingtheydidtoaggrandisethemselveswaswhatgavethehighestproofoftheirwisdom。Theyraisedfrombeneaththewaterstwoofthefinestprovincesoftheempire；theseowetheirexistencetothelabourofman。AnditistheinexpressiblefertilityofthesetwoprovinceswhichhasgivenEuropesuchideasofthefelicityofthatvastcountry。Butacontinualandnecessarycaretopreservefromdestructionsoconsiderableapartoftheempiredemandedratherthemannersofawisethanofavoluptuousnation，ratherthelawfulauthorityofamonarchthanthetyrannicswayofadespoticprince。Powerwas，therefore，necessarilymoderatedinthatcountry，asitwasformerlyinEgypt，andasitisnowinHolland，whichnaturehasmadetoattendtoherself，andnottobeabandonedtonegligenceorcaprice。
Thus，inspiteoftheclimateofChina，wheretheyarenaturallyledtoaservileobedience；inspiteoftheapprehensionswhichfollowtoogreatanextentofempire，thefirstlegislatorsofthiscountrywereobligedtomakeexcellentlaws，andthegovernmentwasfrequentlyobligedtofollowthem。
7。OfhumanIndustry。Mankindbytheirindustry，andbytheinfluenceofgoodlaws，haverenderedtheearthmoreproperfortheirabode。Weseeriversflowwheretherehavebeenlakesandmarshes：thisisabenefitwhichnaturehasnotbestowed；butitisabenefitmaintainedandsuppliedbynature。WhenthePersians[5]weremastersofAsia，theypermittedthosewhoconveyedaspringtoanyplacewhichhadnotbeenwateredbeforetoenjoythebenefitforfivegenerations；andasanumberofrivuletsflowedfromMountTaurus，theysparednoexpenseindirectingthecourseoftheirstreams。Atthisday，withoutknowinghowtheycamethither，theyarefoundinthefieldsandgardens。
Thus，asdestructivenationsproduceevilsmoredurablethanthemselves，theactionsofanindustriouspeoplearethesourceofblessingswhichlastwhentheyarenomore。
8。ThegeneralRelationofLaws。Thelawshaveaverygreatrelationtothemannerinwhichtheseveralnationsprocuretheirsubsistence。Thereshouldbeacodeoflawsofamuchlargerextentforanationattachedtotradeandnavigationthanforpeoplewhoarecontentwithcultivatingtheearth。Thereshouldbeamuchgreaterforthelatterthanforthosewhosubsistbytheirflocksandherds。Theremustbeastillgreaterforthesethanforsuchaslivebyhunting。
9。OftheSoilofAmerica。ThecauseoftherebeingsuchanumberofsavagenationsinAmericaisthefertilityoftheearth，whichspontaneouslyproducesmanyfruitscapableofaffordingthemnourishment。Ifthewomencultivateaspotoflandaroundtheircottages，themaizegrowsuppresently；andhuntingandfishingputthemeninastateofcompleteabundance。Besides，blackcattle，ascows，buffaloes，&c。，thrivetherebetterthancarnivorousbeasts。ThelatterhavealwaysreignedinAfrica。
Weshouldnot，Ibelieve，havealltheseadvantagesinEuropeifthelandwasleftuncultivated；itwouldscarcelyproduceanythingbesidesforestsofoaksandotherbarrentrees。
10。OfPopulationintheRelationitbearstotheMannerofprocuringSubsistence。Letusseeinwhatproportioncountriesarepeopledwheretheinhabitantsdonotcultivatetheearth。Astheproduceofuncultivatedlandistothatoflandimprovedbyculture，sothenumberofsavagesinonecountryistothatofhusbandmeninanother：andwhenthepeoplewhocultivatethelandcultivatealsothearts，thisisalsoinsuchproportionsaswouldrequireaminutedetail。
Theycanscarcelyformagreatnation。Iftheyareherdsmenandshepherds，theyhaveneedofanextensivecountrytofurnishsubsistenceforasmallnumber；iftheylivebyhunting，theirnumbermustbestillless，andinordertofindthemeansoflifetheymustconstituteaverysmallnation。
Theircountrycommonlyaboundswithforests，which，astheinhabitantshavenottheartofdrainingoffthewaters，arefilledwithbogs；hereeachtroopcantonthemselves，andformapettynation。
11。OfsavageandbarbarousNations。Thereisthisdifferencebetweensavageandbarbarousnations：theformeraredispersedclans，whichforsomeparticularreasoncannotbejoinedinabody；andthelatterarecommonlysmallnations，capableofbeingunited。Thesavagesaregenerallyhunters；thebarbariansareherdsmenandshepherds。
ThisappearsplaininthenorthofAsia。ThepeopleofSiberiacannotliveinbodies，becausetheyareunabletofindsubsistence；theTartarsmayliveinbodiesforsometime，becausetheirherdsandflocksmayforatimebereassembled。Alltheclansmaythenbereunited，andthisiseffectedwhenonechiefhassubduedmanyothers；afterwhichtheymaydotwothings——eitherseparate，orsetoutwithadesigntomakeagreatconquestinsomesouthernempire。
12。OftheLawofNationsamongPeoplewhodonotcultivatetheEarth。
Asthesepeopledonotliveincircumscribedterritories，manycausesofstrifearisebetweenthem；theyquarrelaboutwastelandasweaboutinheritances。Thustheyfindfrequentoccasionsforwar，indisputesinrelationeithertotheirhunting，theirfishing，thepasturefortheircattle，ortheviolentseizingoftheirslaves；andastheyarenotpossessedoflandedproperty，theyhavemanythingstoregulatebythelawofnations，andbutfewtodecidebythecivillaw。
13。OftheCivilLawsofthoseNationswhodonotcultivatetheEarth。
Thedivisionoflandsiswhatprincipallyincreasesthecivilcode。
Amongnationswheretheyhavenotmadethisdivisionthereareveryfewcivillaws。
Theinstitutionsofthesepeoplemaybecalledmannersratherthanlaws。
Amongsuchnationsasthesetheoldmen，whorememberthingspast，havegreatauthority；theycannottherebedistinguishedbywealth，butbywisdomandvalour。
Thesepeoplewanderanddispersethemselvesinpasturegroundsorinforests。Marriagecannottherehavethesecuritywhichithasamongus，whereitisfixedbythehabitation，andwherethewifecontinuesinonehouse；theymaythenmoreeasilychangetheirwives，possessmany，andsometimesmixindifferentlylikebrutes。
Nationsofherdsmenandshepherdscannotleavetheircattle，whicharetheirsubsistence；neithercantheyseparatethemselvesfromtheirwives，wholookafterthem。Allthisought，then，togotogether，especiallyaslivinggenerallyinaflatopencountry，wheretherearefewplacesofconsiderablestrength，theirwives，theirchildren，theirflocks，maybecomethepreyoftheirenemies。
Thelawsregulatethedivisionofplunder，andgive，likeourSaliclaws，aparticularattentiontotheft。
14。OfthepoliticalStateofthePeoplewhodonotcultivatetheLand。
Thesepeopleenjoygreatliberty；forastheydonotcultivatetheearth，theyarenotfixed：theyarewanderersandvagabonds；andifachiefshoulddeprivethemoftheirliberty，theywouldimmediatelygoandseekitunderanother，orretireintothewoods，andtherelivewiththeirfamilies。Thelibertyofthemanissogreatamongthesepeoplethatitnecessarilydrawsafteritthatofthecitizen。
15。OfPeoplewhoknowtheUseofMoney。Aristippus，beingcastaway，swamandgotsafelytothenextshore，where，beholdinggeometricalfigurestracedinthesand，hewasseizedwithatransportofjoy，judgingthathewasamongGreeks，andnotinanationofbarbarians。
Shouldyoueverhappentobecastbysomeadventureamonganunknownpeople；uponseeingapieceofmoneyyoumaybeassuredthatyouhavearrivedinacivilisedcountry。
Thecultureoflandsrequirestheuseofmoney。Thisculturesupposesmanyinventionsandmanydegreesofknowledge；andwealwaysseeingenuity，thearts，andasenseofwantmakingtheirprogresswithanequalpace。Allthisconducestotheestablishmentofasignofvalue。
Torrentsanderuptionshavemadethediscoverythatmetalsarecontainedinthebowelsoftheearth。[6]Whenoncetheyhavebeenseparated，theyhaveeasilybeenappliedtotheirproperuse。
16。OfCivilLawsamongPeoplewhoknownottheUseofMoney。Whenapeoplehavenottheuseofmoney，theyareseldomacquaintedwithanyotherinjusticethanthatwhicharisesfromviolence；andtheweak，byuniting，defendthemselvesfromitseffects。Theyhavenothingtherebutpoliticalregulations。Butwheremoneyisestablished，theyaresubjecttothatinjusticewhichproceedsfromcraft——aninjusticethatmaybeexercisedinathousandways。Hencetheyareforcedtohavegoodcivillaws，whichspringupwiththenewpracticesofiniquity。
Incountrieswheretheyhavenospecie，therobbertakesonlybaremovables，whichhavenomutualresemblance。Butwheretheymakeuseofmoney，therobbertakesthesigns，andthesealwaysresembleeachother。
Intheformernothingcanbeconcealed，becausetherobbertakesalongwithhimtheproofsofhisconviction；butinthelatteritisquitethecontrary。
17。OfpoliticalLawsamongNationswhohavenottheUseofMoney。Thegreatestsecurityofthelibertiesofapeoplewhodonotcultivatetheearthistheirnotknowingtheuseofmoney。Whatisgainedbyhunting，fishing，orkeepingherdsofcattlecannotbeassembledinsuchgreatquantity，norbesufficientlypreserved，foronemantofindhimselfinaconditiontocorruptmanyothers：butwhen，insteadofthis，amanhasasignofriches，hemayobtainalargequantityofthesesigns，anddistributethemashepleases。
Thepeoplewhohavenomoneyhavebutfewwants；andthesearesuppliedwithease，andinanequalmanner。Equalityisthenunavoidable；andhenceitproceedsthattheirchiefsarenotdespotic。
Ifwhattravellerstellusbetrue，theconstitutionofanationofLouisiana，calledtheNatches，isanexceptiontothis。Theirchiefdisposesofthegoodsofallhissubjects，andobligesthemtoworkandtoil，accordingtohispleasure。[7]Hehasapowerlikethatofthegrandsignior，andtheycannotevenrefusehimtheirheads。Whenthepresumptiveheirenterstheworld，theydevoteallthesuckingchildrentohisserviceduringhislife。OnewouldimaginethatthisisthegreatSesostris。HeistreatedinhiscottagewithasmuchceremonyasanemperorofJapanorChina。
18。OfthePowerofSuperstition。Theprejudicesofsuperstitionaresuperiortoallothers，andhavethestrongestinfluenceonthehumanmind。Thus，thoughthesavagenationshavenaturallynoknowledgeofdespotictyranny，stilltheyfeeltheweightofit。Theyadorethesun；
andiftheirchiefhadnotimaginedthathewasthebrotherofthisgloriousluminary，theywouldhavethoughthimawretchlikethemselves。
19。OftheLibertyoftheArabsandtheServitudeoftheTartars。TheArabsandTartarsarenationsofherdsmenandshepherds。TheArabsfindthemselvesinthatsituationofwhichwehavebeenspeaking，andarethereforefree；whilsttheTartars（themostsingularpeopleonearth）
areinvolvedinapoliticalslavery。[8]Ihavealreadygivenreasonsforthis[9]andshallnowassignsomeothers。
Theyhavenotowns，noforests，andbutfewmarshes；theirriversaregenerallyfrozen，andtheydwellinalevelcountryofanimmenseextent。Theyhavepasturefortheirherdsandflocks，andconsequentlyproperty；buttheyhavenokindofretreat，orplaceofsafety。Akhanisnosoonerovercomethantheycutoffhishead；hischildrenaretreatedinthesamemanner，[10]andallhissubjectsbelongtotheconqueror。Thesearenotcondemnedtoacivilslavery，forinthatcasetheywouldbeaburdentoasimplepeople，whohavenolandstocultivate，andnoneedofanydomesticservice。Theythereforeaddtothebulkofthenation；butinsteadofcivilservitude，apoliticalslaverymustnaturallybeintroducedamongthem。
Itisapparentthatinacountrywheretheseveralclansmakecontinualwar，andareperpetuallyconqueringeachother；inacountrywhere，bythedeathofthechief，thebodypoliticofthevanquishedclanisalwaysdestroyed，thenationingeneralcanenjoybutlittlefreedom；
forthereisnotasinglepartythatmustnothavebeenoftensubdued。
Aconqueredpeoplemaypreservesomedegreeoflibertywhen，bythestrengthoftheirsituation，theyareinastatethatwilladmitofcapitulatingaftertheirdefeat。ButtheTartars，alwaysdefenceless，beingonceovercome，canneverbeabletoobtainconditions。
Ihavesaid，inchapter2，thattheinhabitantsofcultivatedplainsareseldomfree。CircumstanceshaveoccurredtoputtheTartars，whodwellinuncultivatedplains，inthesamesituation。
20。OftheLawofNationsaspractisedbytheTartars。TheTartarsappeartobemildandhumaneamongthemselves；andyettheyaremostcruelconquerors：whentheytakecitiestheyputtheinhabitantstothesword，andimaginethattheyacthumanelyiftheyonlysellthepeople，ordistributethemamongtheirsoldiers。
TheyhavedestroyedAsia，fromIndiaeventotheMediterranean；andallthecountrywhichformstheeastofPersiatheyhaverenderedadesert。
Thelawofnationsisowing，Ithink，tothefollowingcause。Thesepeoplehavingnotowns，alltheirwarsarecarriedonwitheagernessandimpetuosity。Theyfightwhenevertheyhopetoconquer；andwhentheyhavenosuchhope，theyjointhestrongerarmy。Withsuchcustoms，itiscontrarytothelawofnationsthatacityincapableofrepellingtheirattackshouldstoptheirprogress。Theyregardnotcitiesasanassociationofinhabitants，butasplacesmadetobiddefiancetotheirpower。Theybesiegethemwithoutmilitaryskill，andexposethemselvesgreatlyintheattack；andthereforerevengethemselvesonallthosewhohavespilledtheirblood。
21。TheCivilLawoftheTartars。FatherDuHaldesaysthatamongsttheTartarstheyoungestofthemalesisalwaystheheir，byreasonthatassoonastheelderbrothersarecapableofleadingapastorallifetheyleavethehousewithacertainnumberofcattle，giventhembytheirfather，andbuildanewhabitation。Thelastofthemales，whocontinuesathomewiththefather，isthenhisnaturalheir。
IhaveheardthatalikecustomwasalsoobservedinsomesmalldistrictsofEngland；andwefinditstillinBrittany，intheduchyofRohan，whereitobtainswithregardtoignobletenures。ThisisdoubtlessapastorallawconveyedthitherbysomeofthepeopleofBritain，orestablishedbysomeGermannation。ByC？sarandTacitusweareinformedthatthelattercultivatedbutlittleland。
22。OfaCivilLawoftheGermanNations。IshallhereexplainhowthatparticularpassageoftheSaliclawwhichiscommonlydistinguishedbytheterm\"theSaliclaw\"relatestotheinstitutionsofapeoplewhodonotcultivatetheearth，oratleastwhocultivateitbutverylittle。
TheSaliclawordains[11]that，whenamanhasleftchildrenbehindhim，themalesshallsucceedtotheSaliclandinpreferencetothefemales。
TounderstandthenatureofthoseSaliclands，thereneedsnomorethantosearchintotheusagesorcustomsoftheFrankswithregardtolandsbeforetheyleftGermany。
Mr。EchardhasveryplainlyprovedthatthewordSalicisderivedfromSala，whichsignifiesahouse；andthereforethattheSaliclandwasthelandbelongingtothehouse。Ishallproceedfurther，andexamineintothenatureofthehouse，andofthelandbelongingtothehouse，amongtheGermans。
\"Theydwellnotintowns，\"saysTacitus，\"norcantheybeartohavetheirhabitationscontiguoustothoseofothers；everyoneleavesaspaceorsmallpieceofgroundabouthishouse，whichisenclosed。\"[12]
Tacitusisveryexactinthisaccount，formanylawsoftheBarbariancodeshavedifferentdecreesagainstthosewhothrewdownthisenclosure，aswellasagainstsuchasbrokeintothehouse。[13]
WelearnfromTacitusandC？sarthatthelandscultivatedbytheGermansweregiventhemonlyforthespaceofayear，afterwhichtheyagainbecamepublic。Theyhadnootherpatrimonybutthehouseandapieceoflandwithintheenclosurethatsurroundedit。[14]Itwasthisparticularpatrimonywhichbelongedtothemales。And，indeed，howcoulditbelongtothedaughters？Theyweretopassintoanotherhabitation。
TheSaliclandwasthenwithinthatenclosurewhichbelongedtoaGermanhouse；thiswastheonlypropertytheyhad。TheFranks，aftertheirconquests，acquirednewpossessions，andcontinuedtocallthemSaliclands。
WhentheFrankslivedinGermanytheirwealthconsistedofslaves，flocks，horses，arms，&c。Thehabitationandthesmallportionoflandadjoiningitwerenaturallygiventothemalechildrenwhoweretodwellthere。Butafterwards，whentheFrankshadbyconquestacquiredlargetractsofland，theythoughtithardthatthedaughtersandtheirchildrenshouldbeincapableofenjoyinganypartofthem。Henceitwasthattheyintroducedacustomofpermittingthefathertosettletheestateafterhisdeathuponhisdaughter，andherchildren。Theysilencedthelaw；anditappearsthatthesesettlementswerefrequent，sincetheywereenteredintheformularies。[15]
AmongtheseformulariesIfindoneofasingularnature。[16]A
grandfatherordainedbywillthathisgrandchildrenshouldsharehisinheritancewithhissonsanddaughters。WhatthenbecameoftheSaliclaw？Inthosetimeseitheritwouldnotbeobserved，orthecontinualuseofnominatingthedaughterstoaninheritancehadmadethemconsidertheirabilitytosucceedasacaseauthorisedbycustom。
TheSaliclawhadnotinviewapreferenceofonesextotheother，muchlesshaditaregardtotheperpetuityofafamily，aname，orthetransmissionofland。ThesethingsdidnotenterintotheheadsoftheGermans；itwaspurelyaneconomicallaw，whichmadethehouseandthelanddependentthereontothemaleswhoshoulddwellinit，andtowhomitconsequentlywasofmostservice。
WeneedhereonlytranscribethetitleoftheAllodialLandsoftheSaliclaw；thatfamoustextofwhichsomanyhavetalked，andwhichsofewhaveread。
\"1。Ifamandieswithoutissue，hisfatherormothershallsucceedhim。
2。Ifhehasneitherfathernormother，hisbrotherorsistershallsucceedhim。3。Ifhehasneitherbrothernorsister，thesisterofhismothershallsucceedhim。4。Ifhismotherhasnosister，thesisterofhisfathershallsucceedhim。5。Ifhisfatherhasnosister，thenearestrelativebythemalesideshallsucceed。6。NotanypartoftheSaliclandshallpasstothefemales；butitshallbelongtothemales；
thatis，themalechildrenshallsucceedtheirfather。\"[17]
Itisplainthatthefirstfivearticlesrelatetotheinheritanceofamanwhodieswithoutissue；andthesixthtothesuccessionofhimwhohaschildren。
Whenamandieswithoutchildren，thelawordainsthatneitherofthetwosexesshallhavethepreferencetotheother，exceptincertaincases。Inthefirsttwodegreesofsuccession，theadvantagesofthemalesandfemaleswerethesame；inthethirdandfourth，thefemaleshadthepreference；andthemalesinthefifth。
Tacituspointsoutthesourceoftheseextravagances。\"Thesister’schildren，\"sayshe，\"areasdeartotheiruncleastotheirownfather。
Therearemenwhoregardthisdegreeofkindredasmorestrict，andevenmoreholy。Theypreferitwhentheyreceivehostages。\"[18]HenceitproceedsthatourearliesthistoriansspeakinsuchstrongtermsoftheloveofthekingsoftheFranksfortheirsistersandtheirsisters’
children。[19]And，indeed，ifthechildrenofthesisterwereconsideredinherbrother’shouseashisownchildren，itwasnaturalforthesetoregardtheirauntastheirmother。
Thesisterofthemotherwaspreferredtothefather’ssister；thisisexplainedbyothertextsoftheSaliclaw。Whenawomanbecameawidow，[20]shefellundertheguardianshipofherhusband’srelatives；
thelawpreferredtothisguardianshiptherelativesbythefemalesbeforethosebythemales。Indeed，awomanwhoenteredintoafamilyjoiningherselfwiththoseofherownsex，becamemoreunitedtoherrelativesbythefemalethanbythemale。Moreover，whenamankilledanother，andhadnotwherewithaltopaythepecuniarypenalty，thelawpermittedhimtodeliveruphissubstance，andhisrelativesweretosupplythedeficiency。[21]Afterthefather，mother，andbrother，thesisterofthemotherwastopay，asifthistiehadsomethinginitmosttender：nowthedegreeofkindredwhichimposestheburdensoughtalsotoconfertheadvantages。
TheSaliclawenjoinsthatafterthefather’ssister，thesuccessionshouldbeheldbythenearestrelativemale；butifthisrelativewasbeyondthefifthdegree，heshouldnotinherit。Thusafemaleofthefifthdegreemightinherittotheprejudiceofamaleofthesixth；andthismaybeseeninthelawoftheRipuarianFranks（afaithfulinterpreteroftheSaliclaw），underthetitleofAllodialLands，whereitcloselyadherestotheSaliclawonthesamesubject。[22]
Ifthefatherleftissue，theSaliclawwouldhavethedaughtersexcludedfromtheinheritanceoftheSalicland，anddeterminedthatitshouldbelongtothemalechildren。
ItwouldbeeasyformetoprovethattheSaliclawdidnotabsolutelyexcludethedaughtersfromthepossessionoftheSalicland，butonlyinthecasewheretheyweredebarredbytheirbrothers。ThisappearsfromtheletteroftheSaliclaw；which，afterhavingsaidthatthewomenshallpossessnoneoftheSalicland，butonlythemales，interpretsandrestrainsitselfbyadding，\"thatis，thesonshallsucceedtotheinheritanceofthefather。\"
2。ThetextoftheSaliclawisclearedupbythelawoftheRipuarianFranks，whichhasalsoatitleonallodiallandsveryconformabletothatoftheSaliclaw。[23]
3。ThelawsofthesebarbarousnationswhoallsprangfromGermanyinterpreteachother，moreparticularlyastheyallhavenearlythesamespirit。TheSaxonlawenjoinedthefatherandmothertoleavetheirinheritancetotheirson，andnottotheirdaughter；butiftherewerenonebutdaughters，theyweretohavethewholeinheritance。[24]
4。Wehavetwoancientformularies[25]thatstatethecaseinwhich，accordingtotheSaliclaw，thedaughterswereexcludedbythemales；
thatis，whentheystoodincompetitionwiththeirbrother。
5。Anotherformulary[26]provesthatthedaughtersucceededtotheprejudiceofthegrandson；shewasthereforeexcludedonlybytheson。
6。IfdaughtershadbeengenerallydebarredbytheSaliclawfromtheinheritanceofland，itwouldbeimpossibletoexplainthehistories，formularies，andcharterswhicharecontinuallymentioningthelandsandpossessionsofthefemalesunderthefirstrace。
PeoplehavebeenwronginassertingthattheSaliclandswerefiefs。[27]
1。Thisheadisdistinguishedbythetitleofallodiallands。2。Fiefsatfirstwerenothereditary，3。IftheSaliclandshadbeenfiefs，howcouldMarculfustreatthatcustomasimpiouswhichexcludedthewomenfrominheriting，whenthemalesthemselvesdidnotsucceedtofiefs？4。
ThecharterswhichhavebeencitedtoprovethattheSaliclandswerefiefsonlyshowthattheywerefreeholds。5。Fiefswerenotestablishedtillaftertheconquest，andtheSaliccustomsexistedlongbeforetheFranksleftGermany。6。ItwasnottheSaliclawthatformedtheestablishmentoffiefs，bysettingboundstothesuccessionoffemales；
butitwastheestablishmentoffiefsthatprescribedlimitstothesuccessionoffemales，andtotheregulationsoftheSaliclaw。
Afterwhathasbeensaid，onewouldnotimaginethattheperpetualsuccessionofmalestothecrownofFranceshouldhavetakenitsrisefromtheSaliclaw。Andyetthisisapointindubitablycertain。Iproveitfromtheseveralcodesofthebarbarousnations。TheSaliclaw，[28]