howwiththatweaponhehewedleftandright，makingthepriestsflybeforehim，andrunawaysqueaking：\"Vaya！quedemonioeseste！\"Ay，andwhenhethinksoftheplentyofBibleswordswhichheleftbehindhim，destinedtoprove，andwhichhavealreadyproved，prettycalthropsintheheelsofPopery。\"Halloo！Batuschca，\"heexclaimedtheothernight，onreadinganarticleinanewspaper；\"whatdoyouthinkofthepresentdoingsinSpain？Youroldfriendthezingaro，thegitanowhorodeaboutSpain，tosaynothingofGalicia，withtheGreekBuchinibehindhimashissquire，hadahandinbringingthemabout；therearemanybraveSpaniardsconnectedwiththepresentmovementwhotookBiblesfromhishands，andreadthemandprofitedbythem，learningfromtheinspiredpagethedutiesofonemantowardsanother，andtherealvalueofapriesthoodandtheirhead，whosetatnoughtthewordofGod，andthinkonlyoftheirowntemporalinterests；ay，andwholearnedGitano—theirownGitano—
fromthelipsoftheLondonCaloro，andalsosongsinthesaidGitano，veryfittodumbfounderyoursemi—Buddhistpriestswhentheyattempttobewilderpeople’smindswiththeirschool—logicandpseudo—ecclesiasticalnonsense，songssuchas—
\"UnErajaiSinabachibandounsermon—。\"
—Butwiththatsocietyhehaslongsinceceasedtohaveanyconnection；hebadeitadieuwithfeelingsofloveandadmirationmorethanfourteenyearsago；so，incontinuingtoassaultPopery，nohopesofinterestfoundedonthatsocietycanswayhismind—interest！who，withworldlyinterestinview，wouldeverhaveanythingtodowiththatsociety？Itispoorandsupported，likeitsfounderChrist，bypoorpeople；andsofarfromhavingpoliticalinfluence，itisinsuchdisfavour，andhaseverbeen，withthedastardlygreat，towhomthegovernmentofEnglandhasformanyyearspastbeenconfided，thattheyhavingborneitscoloursonlyforamonthwouldbesufficienttoexcludeanyman，whateverhistalents，hislearning，orhiscouragemaybe，fromtheslightestchanceofbeingpermittedtoservehiscountryeitherforfee，orwithout。Afellowwhounitesinhimselfthebankrupttrader，thebrokenauthor，orratherbook—maker，andthelaughed—downsinglespeechspouteroftheHouseofCommons，maylookforward，alwayssupposingthatatonetimehehasbeenafoamingradical，tothegovernmentofanimportantcolony。Ay，anancientfoxwhohaslosthistailmay，providedhehasascoreofradicalfriends，whowillswearthathecanbarkChinese，thoughChineseisnotbarkedbutsung，beforceduponaChinesecolony，thoughitiswellknownthattohavelostone’stailisconsideredbytheChineseingeneralasanirreparableinfamy，whilsttohavebeenonceconnectedwithacertainsociety，towhich，toitshonourbeitsaid，alltheradicalpartyarevehementlyhostile，wouldbequitesufficienttokeepanyonenotonlyfromagovernment，butsomethingmuchless，eventhoughhecouldtranslatetherhymed\"SessionsofHariri，\"andwereversed，stillretaininghistail，inthetwolanguagesinwhichKien—LoungwrotehisEulogiumonMoukden，thatpiecewhich，translatedbyAmyot，thelearnedJesuit，wontheapplauseofthecelebratedVoltaire。
No！weretheauthorinfluencedbyhopesoffeeorreward，hewould，insteadofwritingagainstPopery，writeforit；allthetrumperytitled—hewillnotcallthemgreatagain—
wouldthenbeforhim，andtheirmasterstheradicals，withtheirhostsofnewspapers，wouldbeforhim，moreespeciallyifhewouldcommencemaligningthesocietywhosecolourshehadonceonhishat—asocietywhich，asthepriestsaysinthetext，isoneoftheveryfewProtestantinstitutionsforwhichthePopishChurchentertainsanyfear，andconsequentlyrespect，asitrespectsnothingwhichitdoesnotfear。Thewritersaidthatcertain\"rulers\"wouldneverforgivehimforhavingbeenconnectedwiththatsociety；hewentperhapstoofarinsaying\"never。\"Itisprobablethattheywouldtakehimintofavourononecondition，whichis，thatheshouldturnhispenandhisvoiceagainstthatsociety；suchamark\"ofabetterwayofthinking\"wouldperhapsinducethemtogivehimagovernment，nearlyasgoodasthatwhichtheygavetoacertainancientradicalfoxattheintercessionofhisradicalfriends（whowereboundtokeephimfromthepauper’skennel），afterhehadpromisedtofoam，bark，andsnarlatcorruptionnomore；hemightevenentertainhopesofsucceeding，nay，ofsuperseding，theancientcreatureinhisgovernment；butevenwereheasbadlyoffasheiswelloff，hewoulddonosuchthing。Hewouldratherexistoncrustsandwater；hehasoftendoneso，andbeenhappy；nay，hewouldratherstarvethanbearogue—foreventhefeelingofstarvationishappinesscomparedwithwhathefeelswhoknowshimselftobearogue，providedhehasanyfeelingatall。
Whatistheuseofamitreorknighthoodtoamanwhohasbetrayedhisprinciples？Whatistheuseofagiltcollar，nay，evenofapairofscarletbreeches，toafoxwhohaslosthistail？Oh！thehorrorwhichhauntsthemindofafoxwhohaslosthistail；andwithreason，forhisverymateloatheshim，andmoreespeciallyif，likehimself，shehaslostherbrush。Oh！thehorrorwhichhauntsthemindofthetwo—leggedroguewhohaspartedwithhisprinciples，orthosewhichheprofessed—forwhat？We’llsupposeagovernment。
What’stheuseofagovernment，ifthenextdayafteryouhavereceivedit，youareobligedforveryshametoscurryofftoitwiththehootofeveryhonestmansoundinginyourears？
\"Lightlyliarleapedandawayran。\"
PIERSPLOWMAN。
Butbigotry，ithasbeensaid，makestheauthorwriteagainstPopery；andthorough—goingbigotry，indeed，willmakeapersonsayordoanything。Butthewriterisaveryprettybigottruly！Wherewillthepublicfindtracesofbigotryinanythinghehaswritten？HehaswrittenagainstRomewithallhisheart，withallhismind，withallhissoul，andwithallhisstrength；butasapersonmaybequitehonest，andspeakandwriteagainstRome，inlikemannerhemayspeakandwriteagainsther，andbequitefreefrombigotry；thoughitisimpossibleforanyonebutabigotorabadmantowriteorspeakinherpraise；herdoctrines，actions，andmachinationsbeingwhattheyare。
Bigotry！Theauthorwasborn，andhasalwayscontinuedinthewrongchurchforbigotry，thequiet，unpretendingChurchofEngland；achurchwhich，haditbeenabigotedchurch，andnotlongsufferingalmosttoafault，mightwithitsopportunities，asthepriestsaysinthetext，havestoodinaverydifferentpositionfromthatwhichitoccupiesatpresent。No！letthosewhoareinsearchofbigotry，seekforitinachurchverydifferentfromtheinoffensiveChurchofEngland，whichneverencouragescrueltyorcalumny。LetthemseekforitamongstthemembersoftheChurchofRome，andmoreespeciallyamongstthosewhohaverenegadedtoit。
Thereisnothing，howeverfalseandhorrible，whichaperverttoRomewillnotsayforhischurch，andwhichhispriestswillnotencouragehiminsaying；andthereisnothing，howeverhorrible—themorehorribleindeedandrevoltingtohumannature，themoreeagerhewouldbetodoit—whichhewillnotdoforit，andwhichhispriestswillnotencouragehimindoing。
OfthereadinesswhichconvertstoPoperyexhibittosacrificeallthetiesofbloodandaffectionontheshrineoftheirnewly—adoptedreligion，thereisacuriousillustrationintheworkofLuigiPulci。Thisman，whowasbornatFlorenceintheyear1432，andwhowasdeeplyversedintheBible，composedapoem，calledthe\"MorganteMaggiore，\"whichherecitedatthetableofLorenzodeMedici，thegreatpatronofItaliangenius。Itisamock—
heroicandreligiouspoem，inwhichthelegendsofknight—
errantry，andofthePopishChurch，areturnedtounboundedridicule。Thepretendedheroofitisaconvertedgiant，calledMorgante；thoughhisadventuresdonotoccupythetwentiethpartofthepoem，theprincipalpersonagesbeingCharlemagne，Orlando，andhiscousinRinaldoofMontalban。
Morgantehastwobrothers，bothofthemgiants，andinthefirstcantoofthepoem，Morganteisrepresentedwithhisbrothersascarryingonafeudwiththeabbotandmonksofacertainconvent，builtupontheconfinesofheathenesse；thegiantsbeinginthehabitofflingingdownstones，orratherhugerocks，ontheconvent。Orlando，however，whoisbanishedfromthecourtofCharlemagne，arrivingattheconvent，undertakestodestroythem，and，accordingly，killsPassamonteandAlabastro，andconvertsMorgante，whosemindhadbeenpreviouslysoftenedbyavision，inwhichthe\"BlessedVirgin\"figures。Nosoonerisheconvertedthan，asasignofhispenitence，whatdoeshedo，buthastensandcutsoffthehandsofhistwobrothers，saying—
\"Iovo’tagliarlemaniatuttiquantiEporterolleaque’monacisanti。\"
Andhedoescutoffthehandsofhisbrethren，andcarriesthemtotheabbot，whoblesseshimforsodoing。Pulcihereisholdinguptoridiculeandexecrationthehorridbutcheryorbetrayaloffriendsbypopishconverts，andtheencouragementtheyreceivefromthepriest。NosoonerisapersonconvertedtoPopery，thanhisprincipalthoughtishowhecanbringthehandsandfeetofhisbrethren，howeverharmlesstheymaybe，anddifferentfromthegiants，tothe\"holypriests，\"who，ifhemanagestodoso，neverfailtopraisehim，sayingtothemiserablewretch，astheabbotsaidtoMorgante：—
\"TusaraiorperfettoeveroamicoACristo，quantotuglierinemico。\"
CantheEnglishpublicdenythejusticeofPulci’sillustration，aftersomethingwhichithaslatelywitnessed？
Hasitnotseenequivalentsforthehandsandfeetofbrotherscarriedbypopishpervertstothe\"holypriests，\"
andhasitnotseenthemannerinwhichtheofferinghasbeenreceived？LetthosewhoareinquestofbigotryseekforitamongthepervertstoRome，andnotamongstthosewho，borninthepaleoftheChurchofEngland，havealwayscontinuedinit。
CHAPTERIII
OnForeignNonsense。
WITHrespecttothethirdpoint，variouslessonswhichthebookreadstothenationatlarge，andwhichitwouldbewellforthenationtoponderandprofitby。
Therearemanyspeciesofnonsensetowhichthenationismuchaddicted，andofwhichtheperusalofLavengrooughttogivethemawholesomeshame。Firstofall，withrespecttotheforeignnonsensesoprevalentnowinEngland。Theheroisascholar；but，thoughpossessedofagreatmanytongues，heaffectstobeneitherFrenchman，norGerman，northisorthatforeigner；heisonewholoveshiscountry，andthelanguageandliteratureofhiscountry，andspeaksupforeachandallwhenthereisoccasiontodoso。NowwhatisthecasewithnineoutoftenamongstthoseoftheEnglishwhostudyforeignlanguages？Nosoonerhavetheypickedupasmatteringofthisorthatspeechthantheybegintoabusetheirowncountry，andeverythingconnectedwithit，moreespeciallyitslanguage。ThisisparticularlythecasewiththosewhocallthemselvesGermanstudents。Itissaid，andthewriterbelieveswithtruth，thatwhenawomanfallsinlovewithaparticularlyuglyfellow，shesqueezeshimwithtentimesmorezestthanshewouldahandsomeone，ifcaptivatedbyhim。SoitiswiththeseGermanstudents；nosoonerhavetheytakenGermaninhandthanthereisnothinglikeGerman。Oh，thedeardelightfulGerman！HowproudIamthatitisnowmyown，andthatitsdivineliteratureiswithinmyreach！Andallthiswhilstmumblingthemostuncouthspeech，andcrunchingthemostcrabbedliteratureinEurope。ThewriterisnotanexclusiveadmirerofeverythingEnglish；hedoesnotadvisehiscountrypeoplenevertogoabroad，nevertostudyforeignlanguages，andhedoesnotwishtopersuadethemthatthereisnothingbeautifulorvaluableinforeignliterature；heonlywishesthattheywouldnotmakethemselvesfoolswithrespecttoforeignpeople，foreignlanguagesorreading；thatiftheychancetohavebeeninSpain，andhavepickedupalittleSpanish，theywouldnotaffecttheairsofSpaniards；thatifmalestheywouldnotmakeTomfoolsofthemselvesbystickingcigarsintotheirmouths，dressingthemselvesinzamarras，andsaying，carajo！（2）andiffemalesthattheywouldnotmakezaniesofthemselvesbystickingcigarsintotheirmouths，flingingmantillasovertheirheads，andbysayingcarai，andperhapscarajotoo；oriftheyhavebeeninFranceorItaly，andhavepickedupalittleFrenchorItalian，theywouldnotaffecttobeFrenchorItalians；andparticularly，afterhavingbeenamonthortwoinGermany，orpickedupalittleGermaninEngland，theywouldnotmakethemselvesfoolishabouteverythingGerman，astheAnglo—Germaninthebookdoes—arealcharacter，thefounderoftheAnglo—GermanschoolinEngland，andthecleverestEnglishmanwhoevertalkedorwroteencomiasticnonsenseaboutGermanyandtheGermans。Ofallinfatuationsconnectedwithwhatisforeign，theinfatuationabouteverythingthatisGerman，toacertainextentprevalentinEngland，isassuredlythemostridiculous。Onecanfindsomethinglikeapalliationforpeoplemakingthemselvessomewhatfoolishaboutparticularlanguages，literatures，andpeople。TheSpanishcertainlyisanoblelanguage，andthereissomethingwildandcaptivatingintheSpanishcharacter，anditsliteraturecontainsthegrandbookoftheworld。Frenchisamanlylanguage。TheFrencharethegreatmartialpeopleintheworld；andFrenchliteratureisadmirableinmanyrespects。Italianisasweetlanguage，andofbeautifulsimplicity—itsliteratureperhapsthefirstintheworld。TheItalians！—wonderfulmenhavesprungupinItaly。Italyisnotmerelyfamousforpainters，poets，musicians，singers，andlinguists—thegreatestlinguisttheworldeversaw，thelateCardinalMezzofanti，wasanItalian；butitiscelebratedformen—
menemphaticallyspeaking：ColumbuswasanItalian，AlexanderFarnesewasanItalian，sowasthemightiestofthemighty，NapoleonBonaparte；—buttheGermanlanguage，Germanliterature，andtheGermans！ThewriterhasalreadystatedhisopinionwithrespecttoGerman；hedoesnotspeakfromignoranceorprejudice；hehasheardGermanspoken，andmanyotherlanguages。Germanliterature！Hedoesnotspeakfromignorance，hehasreadthatandmanyaliterature，andherepeats—However，heacknowledgesthatthereisonefinepoemintheGermanlanguage，thatpoemisthe\"Oberon；\"apoem，bythebye，ignoredbytheGermans—aspeakingfact—
andofcourse，bytheAnglo—Germanists。TheGermans！hehasbeenamongstthem，andamongstmanyothernations，andconfessesthathisopinionoftheGermans，asmen，isaverylowone。Germany，itistrue，hasproducedoneverygreatman，themonkwhofoughtthePope，andnearlyknockedhimdown；butthismanhiscountrymen—atellingfact—affecttodespise，and，ofcourse，theAnglo—Germanists：thefatherofAnglo—GermanismwasveryfondofinveighingagainstLuther。
Themadness，orratherfoolery，oftheEnglishforforeigncustoms，dresses，andlanguages，isnotanaffairofto—day，oryesterday—itisofveryancientdate，andwasveryproperlyexposednearlythreecenturiesagobyoneAndrewBorde，whounderthepictureofa\"Nakedman，withapairofshearsinonehand，andarollofclothintheother，\"（3）
insertedthefollowinglinesalongwithothers：—
\"IamanEnglishman，andnakedIstandhere，MusinginmymindwhatgarmentIshallweare；
FornowIwillwearethis，andnowIwillwearethat，NowIwillweare，Icannottellwhat。
Allnewfashionsbepleasanttomee，Iwillhavethem，whetherIthriveorthee；
WhatdoIcareifalltheworldmefail？
Iwillhaveagarmentreachtomytaile；
ThenamIaminion，forIwearthenewguise。
ThenextyeareafterIhopetobewise，Notonlyinwearingmygorgeousarray，ForIwillgotolearningawholesummer’sday；
IwilllearnLatine，Hebrew，Greek，andFrench，AndIwilllearnDutch，sittingonmybench。
IhadnopeereiftomyselfIweretrue，BecauseIamnotso，diverstimesdoIrue。
YetIlackenothing，IhaveallthingsatwillIfIwerewiseandwouldholdmyselfstill，Andmeddlewithnomattersbuttomepertaining，ButevertobetruetoGodandmyking。
ButIhavesuchmattersrowlinginmypate，ThatIwillanddo—Icannottellwhat，\"etc。
CHAPTERIV
OnGentilityNonsense—IllustrationsofGentility。
WHATisgentility？PeopleindifferentstationsinEngland—
entertaindifferentideasofwhatisgenteel，（4）butitmustbesomethinggorgeous，glittering，ortawdry，tobeconsideredgenteelbyanyofthem。Thebeau—idealoftheEnglisharistocracy，ofcoursewithsomeexceptions，issomeyoungfellowwithanimperialtitle，amilitarypersonageofcourse，forwhatismilitaryissoparticularlygenteel，withflamingepaulets，acockedhatandplume，aprancingcharger，andabandoffellowscalledgeneralsandcolonels，withflamingepaulets，cockedhatsandplumes，andprancingchargersvapouringbehindhim。ItwasbutlatelythatthedaughterofanEnglishmarquiswasheardtosay，thatthesoleremainingwishofherheart—shehadknownmisfortunes，andwasnotfarfromfifty—wastobeintroducedto—whom？
TheEmperorofAustria！Thesoleremainingwishoftheheartofonewhooughttohavebeenthinkingofthegraveandjudgment，wastobeintroducedtothemiscreantwhohadcausedthebloodofnobleHungarianfemalestobewhippedoutoftheirshoulders，fornoothercrimethandevotiontotheircountry，anditstallandheroicsons。Themiddleclasses—
ofcoursetherearesomeexceptions—admirethearistocracy，andconsiderthempinks，thearistocracywhoadmiretheEmperorofAustria，andadoredtheEmperorofRussia，tillhebecameold，ugly，andunfortunate，whentheiradorationinstantlyterminated；forwhatismoreungenteelthanage，ugliness，andmisfortune！Thebeau—idealwiththoseofthelowerclasses，withpeasantsandmechanics，issomeflourishingrailroadcontractor：look，forexample，howtheyworshipMr。Flamson。Thispersonmakeshisgranddebutintheyear’thirty—nine，atapublicmeetingintheprincipalroomofacountryinn。Hehascomeintotheneighbourhoodwiththecharacterofamanworthamillionpounds，whoistomakeeverybody’sfortune；atthistime，however，heisnotworthashillingofhisown，thoughheflashesaboutdexterouslythreeorfourthousandpounds，partofwhichsumhehasobtainedbyspeciouspretences，andpartfromcertainindividualswhoarehisconfederates。Butintheyear’forty—nine，heisreallyinpossessionofthefortunewhichheandhisagentspretendedtobeworthtenyearsbefore—heisworthamillionpounds。Bywhatmeanshashecomebythem？Byrailroadcontracts，forwhichhetakescaretobepaidinhardcashbeforeheattemptstoperformthem，andtocarryoutwhichhemakesuseofthesweatandbloodofwretcheswho，sincetheirorganization，haveintroducedcrimesandlanguageintoEnglandtowhichitwaspreviouslyalmostastranger—bypurchasing，withpaper，sharesbyhundredsintheschemestoexecutewhichhecontracts，andwhicharehisowndevising；whichshareshesellsassoonastheyareatahighpremium，towhichtheyarespeedilyforcedbymeansofparagraphs，insertedbyhimselfandagents，innewspapersdevotedtohisinterest，utterlyrecklessoftheterribledepreciationtowhichtheyarealmostinstantlysubjected。Butheisworthamillionpounds，therecanbenodoubtofthefact—hehasnotmadepeople’sfortunes，atleastthosewhosefortunesitwassaidhewouldmake；hehasmadethemaway；buthisownhehasmade，emphaticallymadeit；heisworthamillionpounds。Hurrahforthemillionnaire！Theclownwhoviewsthepandemoniumofredbrickwhichhehasbuiltontheestatewhichhehaspurchasedintheneighbourhoodoftheplaceofhisgranddebut，inwhicheveryspeciesofarchitecture，Greek，Indian，andChinese，isemployedincaricature—whohearsofthegrandentertainmenthegivesatChristmasintheprincipaldining—
room，thehundredwax—candles，thewaggon—loadofplate，andtheoceanofwinewhichformpartsofit，andaboveallthetwoostrichpoults，oneatthehead，andtheotheratthefootofthetable，exclaims，\"Well！ifhea’n’tbangup，I
don’tknowwhobe；whyhebeatsmylordhollow！\"Themechanicoftheboroughtown，whoseeshimdashingthroughthestreetsinanopenlandau，drawnbyfourmilk—whitehorses，amidsthisattendantout—riders；hiswife，amonsterofawoman，byhisside，stoutasthewifeofTamerlane，whoweighedtwentystone，andbedizenedoutlikeherwhosepersonshonewiththejewelsofplunderedPersia，stareswithsilentwonder，andatlastexclaims\"That’sthemanformyvote！\"
YoutelltheclownthatthemanofthemansionhascontributedenormouslytocorrupttheruralinnocenceofEngland；youpointtoanincipientbranchrailroad，fromaroundwhichtheaccentsofGomorraharesounding，andbeghimtolistenforamoment，andthenclosehisears。Hodgescratcheshisheadandsays，\"Well，Ihavenothingtosaytothat；allIknowis，thatheisbangup，andIwishIwerehe；\"perhapshewilladd—aHodgehasbeenknowntoadd—
\"Hehasbeenkindenoughtoputmysononthatveryrailroad；
’tistruethecompanyissomewhatqueer，andtheworkratherkilling，buthegetstherehalf—a—crownaday，whereasfromthefarmershewouldonlygeteighteen—pence。\"Youremindthemechanicthatthemaninthelandauhasbeentheruinofthousandsandyoumentionpeoplewhomhehimselfknows，peopleinvariousgradesoflife，widowsandorphansamongstthem，whoselittleallhasbeendissipated，andwhomhehasreducedtobeggarybyinducingthemtobecomesharersinhisdelusiveschemes。Butthemechanicsays，\"Well，themorefoolstheytoletthemselvesberobbed。ButIdon’tcallthatkindofthingrobbery，Imerelycallitout—witting；andeverybodyinthisfreecountryhasarighttooutwitothersifhecan。Whataturn—outhehas！\"Onewasonceheardtoadd，\"Ineversawamoregenteel—lookingmaninallmylifeexceptone，andthatwasagentleman’swalley，whowasmuchlikehim。Itistruethatheisratherunder—sized，butthenmadam，youknow，makesupforall。\"
CHAPTERV
SubjectofGentilitycontinued。
INthelastchapterhavebeenexhibitedspecimensofgentility，soconsideredbydifferentclasses；byoneclasspower，youth，andepauletsareconsideredtheneplusultraofgentility；byanotherclasspride，stateliness，andtitle；
byanother，wealthandflamingtawdriness。Butwhatconstitutesagentleman？Itiseasytosayatoncewhatconstitutesagentleman，andtherearenodistinctionsinwhatisgentlemanly，（5）asthereareinwhatisgenteel。
Thecharacteristicsofagentlemanarehighfeeling—adeterminationnevertotakeacowardlyadvantageofanother—
aliberaleducation—absenceofnarrowviews—generosityandcourage，proprietyofbehaviour。Nowapersonmaybegenteelaccordingtooneoranotherofthethreestandardsdescribedabove，andnotpossessoneofthecharacteristicsofagentleman。Istheemperoragentleman，withspattersofbloodonhisclothes，scourgedfromthebacksofnobleHungarianwomen？Arethearistocracygentlefolks，whoadmirehim？IsMr。Flamsonagentleman，althoughhehasamillionpounds？No！cowardlymiscreants，admirersofcowardlymiscreants，andpeoplewhomakeamillionpoundsbymeanscomparedwithwhichthoseemployedtomakefortunesbythegettersupoftheSouthSeaBubblemightbecalledhonestdealing，aredecidedlynotgentlefolks。Nowasitisclearlydemonstrablethatapersonmaybeperfectlygenteelaccordingtosomestandardorother，andyetbenogentleman，soitisdemonstrablethatapersonmayhavenopretensionstogentility，andyetbeagentleman。Forexample，thereisLavengro！Wouldtheadmirersoftheemperor，ortheadmirersofthosewhoadmiretheemperor，ortheadmirersofMr。
Flamson，callhimgenteel？andgentilitywiththemiseverything！Assuredlytheywouldnot；andassuredlytheywouldconsiderhimrespectivelyasabeingtobeshunned，despised，orhooted。Genteel！Whyatonetimeheisahackauthor—writesreviewalsforeighteenpenceapage—editsaNewgatechronicle。Atanotherhewandersthecountrywithafacegrimyfromoccasionallymendingkettles；andthereisnoevidencethathisclothesarenotseedyandtorn，andhisshoesdownattheheel；butbywhatprocessofreasoningwilltheyprovethatheisnogentleman？Ishenotlearned？Hashenotgenerosityandcourage？Whilstahackauthor，doeshepawnthebooksentrustedtohimtoreview？Doeshebreakhiswordtohispublisher？Doeshewritebeggingletters？Doeshegetclothesorlodgingswithoutpayingforthem？Again，whilstawanderer，doesheinsulthelplesswomenontheroadwithlooseproposalsorribalddiscourse？Doeshetakewhatisnothisownfromthehedges？Doesheplayonthefiddle，ormakefacesinpublic—houses，inordertoobtainpenceorbeer？ordoeshecallforliquor，swallowit，andthensaytoawidowedlandlady，\"Mistress，Ihavenobrass？\"Inaword，whatviceandcrimedoesheperpetrate—whatlowactsdoeshecommit？Therefore，withhisendowments，whowillventuretosaythatheisnogentleman？—unlessitbeanadmirerofMr。Flamson—aclown—whowill，perhaps，shout—\"Isayheisnogentleman；forwhocanbeagentlemanwhokeepsnogig？\"