32。ButasfortheinhabitantsofthecityofTiberias，theywrotetotheking，anddesiredhimtosendthemforcessufficienttobeaguardtotheircountry；forthattheyweredesiroustocomeovertohim：thiswaswhattheywrotetohim。ButwhenI
cametothem，theydesiredmetobuildtheirwalls，asIhadpromisedthemtodo；fortheyhadheardthatthewallsofTarichesswerealreadybuilt。Iagreedtotheirproposalaccordingly；andwhenIhadmadepreparationfortheentirebuilding，Igaveordertothearchitectstogotowork；butonthethirdday，whenIwasgonetoTarichess，whichwasthirtyfurlongsdistantfromTiberias，itsofellout，thatsomeRomanhorsemenwerediscoveredontheirmarch，notfarfromthecity，whichmadeittobesupposedthattheforceswerecomefromtheking；uponwhichtheyshouted，andlifteduptheirvoicesincommendationsoftheking，andinreproachesagainstme。Hereupononecamerunningtome，andtoldmewhattheirdispositionswere，andthattheyhadresolvedtorevoltfromme：uponhearingwhichnewsIwasverymuchalarmed；forIhadalreadysentawaymyarmedmenfromTarichess，totheirownhomes，becausethenextdaywasoursabbath；forIwouldnothavethepeopleofTarichessdisturbed[onthatday]byamultitudeofsoldiers；andindeed，wheneverIsojournedatthatcity，Inevertookanyparticularcareforaguardaboutmyownbody，becauseIhadhadfrequentinstancesofthefidelityitsinhabitantsboretome。Ihadnowaboutmenomorethansevenarmedmen，besidessomefriends，andwasdoubtfulwhattodo；fortosendtorecallmyownforcesI
didnotthinkproper，becausethepresentdaywasalmostover；
andhadthoseforcesbeenwithme，Icouldnottakeuparmsonthenextday，becauseourlawsforbadeussotodo，eventhoughournecessityshouldbeverygreat；andifIshouldpermitthepeopleofTarichess，andthestrangerswiththem，toguardthecity，Isawthattheywouldnotbesufficientforthatpurpose，andIperceivedthatIshouldbeobligedtodelaymyassistanceagreatwhile；forIthoughtwithmyselfthattheforcesthatcamefromthekingwouldpreventme，andthatIshouldbedrivenoutofthecity。Iconsidered，therefore，howtogetclearoftheseforcesbyastratagem；soIimmediatelyplacedthosemyfriendsofTarichee，onwhomIcouldbestconfide，atthegates，towatchthoseverycarefullywhowentoutatthosegates：Ialsocalledtometheheadsoffamilies，andbadeeveryoneofthemtoseizeuponaship（14）togoonboardit，andtotakeamasterwiththem，andfollowhimtothecityofTiberias。Ialsomyselfwentonboardoneofthoseships，withmyfriends，andthesevenarmedmenalreadymentioned，andsailedforTiberias。
33。Butnow，whenthepeopleofTiberiasperceivedthattherewerenoforcescomefromtheking，andyetsawthewholelakefullofships，theywereinfearwhatwouldbecomeoftheircity，andweregreatlyterrified，assupposingthattheshipswerefullofmenonboard；sotheythenchangedtheirminds，andthrewdowntheirweapons，andmetmewiththeirwivesandchildren，andmadeacclamationstomewithgreatcommendations；fortheyimaginedthatIdidnotknowtheirformerinclinations[tohavebeenagainstme]；sotheypersuadedmetosparethecity。ButwhenI
wascomenearenough，Igaveordertothemastersoftheshipstocastanchoragoodwayofftheland，thatthepeopleofTiberiasmightnotperceivethattheshipshadnomenonboard；butIwentnearertothepeopleinoneoftheships，andrebukedthemfortheirfolly，，andthattheyweresofickleas，withoutanyjustoccasionintheworld，torevoltfromtheirfidelitytome。
However，assuredthemthatIwouldentirelyforgivethemforthetimetocome，iftheywouldsendtenoftheringleadersofthemultitudetome；andwhentheycompliedreadilywiththisproposal，andsentmethemenforementioned，Iputthemonboardaship，andsentthemawaytoTarichese；andorderedthemtobekeptinprison。
34。AndbythisstratagemitwasthatIgraduallygotallthesenateofTiberiasintomypower，andsentthemtothecityforementioned，withmanyoftheprincipalmenamongthepopulace，andthosenotfewerinnumberthantheother。Butwhenthemultitudesawintowhatgreatmiseriestheyhadbroughtthemselves，theydesiredmetopunishtheauthorofthissedition：hisnamewasClitus，ayoungman，boldandrashinhisundertakings。Now，sinceIthoughtitnotagreeabletopietytoputoneofmyownpeopletodeath，andyetfounditnecessarytopunishhim，IorderedLevi，oneofmyownguards，togotohim，andcutoffoneofClitus’shands；butashethatwasorderedtodothis，wasafraidtogooutoftheshipalone，among’sogreatamultitude，IwasnotwillingthatthetimorousnessofthesoldiershouldappeartothepeopleofTiberias。SoIcalledtoClitushimselfandsaidtohim，\"Sincethoudeservesttoloseboththinehandsforthyingratitudetome，bethouthineownexecutioner，lest，ifthourefusestsotobe，thouundergoaworsepunishment。\"Andwhenheearnestlybeggedofmetosparehimoneofhishands，itwaswithdifficultythatIgrantedit。
So，inordertopreventthelossofbothhishands，hewillinglytookhissword，andcutoffhisownlefthand；andthisputanendtothesedition。
35。NowthemenofTiberias，afterIwasgonetoTaricheae，perceivedwhatstratagemIhadusedagainstthem，andtheyadmiredhowIhadputanendtotheirfoolishsedition，withoutsheddingofblood。Butnow，whenIhadsentforsomeofthosemultitudesofthepeopleofTiberiasoutofprison，amongwhomwereJustusandhisfatherPistus，Imadethemtosupwithme；
andduringoursuppertimeIsaidtothem，thatIknewthepoweroftheRomanswassuperiortoallothers，butdidnotsayso[publicly]becauseoftherobbers。SoIadvisedthemtodoasI
did，andtowaitforaproperopportunity，andnottobeuneasyatmybeingtheircommander；forthattheycouldnotexpecttohaveanotherwhowouldusethelikemoderationthatIhaddone。I
alsoputJustusinmindhowtheGalileanshadcutoffhisbrother’shandsbeforeeverIcametoJerusalem，uponanaccusationlaidagainsthim，asifhehadbeenarogue，andhadforgedsomeletters；asalsohowthepeopleofGamala，inaseditiontheyraisedagainsttheBabylonians，afterthedepartureofPhilip，slewChares，whowasakinsmanofPhilip，andwithalhowtheyhadwiselypunishedJesus，hisbrotherJustusessister’shusband[withdeath]。WhenIhadsaidthistothemduringsuppertime，IinthemorningorderedJustus，andalltherestthatwereinprison，tobeloosedoutofit，andsentaway。
36。Butbeforethis，ithappenedthatPhilip，thesonofJacimus，wentoutofthecitadelofGamalauponthefollowingoccasion：
WhenPhiliphadbeeninformedthatVaruswasputoutofhisgovernmentbykingAgrippa，andthatEquieulusModius，amanthatwasofoldhisfriendandcompanion，wascometosucceedhim，hewrotetohim，andrelatedwhatturnsoffortunehehadhad，anddesiredhimtoforwardthelettershesenttothekingandqueen。
Now，whenModiushadreceivedtheseletters，hewasexceedinglyglad，andsenttheletterstothekingandqueen，whowerethenaboutBerytus。ButwhenkingAgrippaknewthatthestoryaboutPhilipwasfalse，（forithadbeengivenout，thattheJewshadbegunawarwiththeRomans，andthatthisPhiliphadbeentheircommanderinthatwar，）hesentsomehorsementoconductPhiliptohim；andwhenhewascome，hesalutedhimveryobligingly，andshowedhimtotheRomancommanders，andtoldthemthatthiswasthemanofwhomthereporthadgoneaboutasifhehadrevoltedfromtheRomans。Healsobidhimtotakesomehorsemenwithhim，andtogoquicklytothecitadelofGamala，andtobringoutthenceallhisdomestics，andtorestoretheBabylonianstoBataneaagain。Healsogaveithiminchargetotakeallpossiblecarethatnoneofhissubjectsshouldbeguiltyofmakinganyinnovation。Accordingly，uponthesedirectionsfromtheking，hemadehastetodowhathewascommanded。
37。NowtherewasoneJoseph，thesonofafemalephysician，whoexcitedagreatmanyyoungmentojoinwithhim。HealsoinsolentlyaddressedhimselftotheprincipalpersonsatGamala，andpersuadedthemtorevoltfromtheking；andtakeuparms，andgavethemhopesthattheyshould，byhismeans，recovertheirliberty。Andsometheyforcedintotheservice，andthosethatwouldnotacquiesceinwhattheyhadresolvedon，theyslew。TheyalsoslewChares，andwithhimJesus，oneofhiskinsmen，andabrotherofJustusofTiberias，aswehavealreadysaid。ThoseofGamalaalsowrotetome，desiringmetosendthemanarmedforce，andworkmentoraiseupthewallsoftheircity；nordidIrejecteitheroftheirrequests。TheregionofGaulanitisdidalsorevoltfromtheking，asfarasthevillageSolyma。IalsobuiltawallaboutSeleuciaandSoganni，whicharevillagesnaturallyofvergreatstrength。Moreover，I，inlikemanner，walledseveralvillagesofUpperGalilee，thoughtheywereveryrockyofthemselves。TheirnamesareJamnia，andMeroth，andAchabare。I
alsofortified，intheLowerGalilee，thecitiesTarichee，Tiberias，Sepphoris，andthevillages，thecaveofArbela，Bersobe，Selamin，Jotapata，Capharecho，andSigo，andJapha，andMountTabor。（15）Ialsolaidupagreatquantityofcornintheseplaces，andarmswithal，thatmightbefortheirsecurityafterward。
38。ButthehatredthatJohn，thesonofLevi，boretome，grewnowmoreviolent，whilehecouldnotbearmyprosperitywithpatience。Soheproposedtohimself，byallmeanspossible，tomakeawaywithme；andbuiltthewallsofGischala，whichwastheplaceofhisnativity。HethensenthisbrotherSimon，andJonathan，thesonofSisenna，andaboutahundredarmedmen，toJerusalem，toSimon，thesonofGamaliel，（16）inordertopersuadehimtoinducethecommonaltyofJerusalemtotakefrommethegovernmentovertheGalileans，andtogivetheirsuffragesforconferringthatauthorityuponhim。ThisSimonwasofthecityofJerusalem，andofaverynoblefamilyofthesectofthePharisees，whicharesupposedtoexcelothersintheaccurateknowledgeofthelawsoftheircountry。Hewasamanofgreatwisdomandreason，andcapableofrestoringpublicaffairsbyhisprudence，whentheywereinanillposture。HewasalsoanoldfriendandcompanionofJohn；butatthattimehehadadifferencewithme。Whenthereforehehadreceivedsuchanexhortation，hepersuadedthehighpriests，Ananus，andJesusthesonofGamala，andsomeothersofthesameseditiousfaction，tocutmedown，nowIwasgrowingsogreat，andnottooverlookmewhileIwasaggrandizingmyselftotheheightofglory；andhesaidthatitwouldbefortheadvantageoftheGalileans，ifI
weredeprivedofmygovernmentthere。Ananusalso，andhisfriends，desiredthemtomakenodelayaboutthematter，lestI
shouldgettheknowledgeofwhatwasdoingtoosoon，andshouldcomeandmakeanassaultuponthecitywithagreatarmy。ThiswasthecounselofSimon；butArtanusthehighpriestdemonstratedtothemthatthiswasnotaneasythingtobedone，becausemanyofthehighpriestsandoftherulersofthepeopleborewitnessthatIhadactedlikeanexcellentgeneral，andthatitwastheworkofillmentoaccuseoneagainstwhomtheyhadnothingtosay。
39。WhenSimonheardAnanussaythis，hedesiredthatthemessengerswouldconcealthething，andnotletitcomeamongmany；forthathewouldtakecaretohaveJosephusremovedoutofGalileeveryquickly。SohecalledforJohn’sbrother，[Simon，]
andchargedhimthattheyshouldsendpresentstoAnanusandhisfriends；for，ashesaid，theymightprobablybythatmeanspersuadethemtochangetheirminds。AndindeedSimondidatlengththuscompasswhatheaimedat；forArtanus，andthosewithhim，beingcorruptedbybribes，agreedtoexpelmeoutofGalilee，withoutmakingtherestofthecitizensacquaintedwithwhattheyweredoing。Accordingly，theyresolvedtosendmenofdistinctionastotheirfamilies，andofdistinctionastotheirlearningalso。Twoofthesewereofthepopulace，Jonathan（17）
andAnanias，bysectPharisees；whilethethird，Jozar，wasofthestockofthepriests，andaPhariseealso；andSimon，thelastofthem，wasoftheyoungestofthehighpriests。Thesehaditgiventhemincharge，that，whentheywerecometothemultitudeoftheGalileans，theyshouldaskthem，whatwasthereasonoftheirlovetome？andiftheysaidthatitwasbecauseIwasbornatJerusalem，thattheyshouldreply，thattheyfourwereallbornatthesameplace；andiftheyshouldsay，itwasbecauseIwaswellversedintheirlaw，theyshouldreply，thatneitherweretheyunacquaintedwiththepracticesoftheircountry；butif，besidesthese，theyshouldsay，theylovedmebecauseIwasapriest，theyshouldreply，thattwoofthesewerepriestsalso。
40。Now，whentheyhadgivenJonathanandhiscompanionstheseinstructions，theygavethemfortythousand[drachmae]outofthepublicmoney：butwhentheyheardthattherewasacertainGalileanthatthensojournedatJerusalem，whosenamewasJesus，whohadabouthimabandofsixhundredarmedmen，theysentforhim，andgavehimthreemonthspay，andgavehimorderstofollowJonathanandhiscompanions，andbeobedienttothem。TheyalsogavemoneytothreehundredmenthatwerecitizensofJerusalem，tomaintainthemall，andorderedthemalsotofollowtheambassadors；andwhentheyhadcomplied，andweregottenreadyforthemarch，Jonathanandhiscompanionswentoutwiththem，havingalongwiththemJohn’sbrotherandahundredarmedmen。
Thechargethatwasgiventhembythosethatsentthemwasthis：
ThatifIwouldvoluntarilylaydownmyarms，theyshouldsendmealivetothecityofJerusalem；butthat，incaseIopposedthem，theyshouldkillme，andfearnothing；forthatitwastheircommandforthemsotodo。TheyalsowrotetoJohntomakeallreadyforfightingme，andgaveorderstotheinhabitantsofSepphoris，andGabara，andTiberins，tosendauxiliariestoJohn。
41。Now，asmyfatherwrotemeanaccountofthis，（forJesusthesonofGamala，whowaspresentinthatcouncil，afriendandcompanionofmine，toldhimofit，）Iwasverymuchtroubled，asdiscoveringtherebythatmyfellowcitizensprovedsoungratefultome，as，outofenvy，togiveorderthatIshouldbeslain：myfatherearnestlypressedmealsoinhislettertocometohim，forthathelongedtoseehissonbeforehedied。Iinformedmyfriendsofthesethings，andthatinthreedays’timeIshouldleavethecountry，andgohome。Uponhearingthis，theywereallverysorry，anddesiredme，withtearsintheireyes，nottoleavethemtobedestroyed；forsotheythoughttheyshouldbe，ifIweredeprivedofthecommandoverthem：butasIdidnotgranttheirrequest，butwastakingcareofmyownsafety，theGalileans，outoftheirdreadoftheconsequenceofmydeparture，thattheyshouldthenbeatthemercyoftherobbers，sentmessengersoverallGalileetoinformthemofmyresolutiontoleavethem。Whereupon，assoonastheyheardit，theygottogetheringreatnumbers，fromallparts，withtheirwivesandchildren；andthistheydid，asitappearedtome，notmoreoutoftheiraffectiontome，thanoutoftheirfearontheirownaccount；forwhileIstaidwiththem，theysupposedthattheyshouldsuffernoharm。Sotheyallcameintothegreatplain，whereinIlived，thenameofwhichwasAsochis。
42。ButwonderfulitwaswhatadreamIsawthatverynight；forwhenIhadbetakenmyselftomybed，asgrievedanddisturbedatthenewsthathadbeenwrittentome，itseemedtome，thatacertainpersonstoodbyme，（18）andsaid，\"OJosephus!leaveofftoafflictthysoul，andputawayallfear；forwhatnowgrievestheewillrendertheeveryconsiderable，andinallrespectsmosthappy；forthoushaltgetovernotonlythesedifficulties，butmanyothers，withgreatsuccess。However，benotcastdown，butrememberthatthouarttofightwiththeRomans。\"WhenIhadseenthisdream，Igotupwithanintentionofgoingdowntotheplain。Now，whenthewholemultitudeoftheGalileans，amongwhomwerethewomenandchildren，sawme，theythrewthemselvesdownupontheirfaces，and，withtearsintheireyes，besoughtmenottoleavethemexposedtotheirenemies，nortogoawayandpermittheircountrytobeinjuredbythem。ButwhenIdidnotcomply，withtheirentreaties，theycompelledmetotakeanoath，thatI
wouldstaywiththem：theyalsocastabundanceofreproachesuponthepeopleofJerusalem，thattheywouldnotlettheircountryenjoypeace。
43。WhenIheardthis，andsawwhatsorrowthepeoplewerein，I
wasmovedwithcompassiontothem，andthoughtitbecamemetoundergothemostmanifesthazardsforthesakeofsogreatamultitude；soIletthemknowIwouldstaywiththem。AndwhenI
hadgivenorderthatfivethousandoffthemshouldcometomearmed，andwithprovisionsfortheirmaintenance，Isenttherestawaytotheirownhomes；andwhenthosefivethousandwerecome，Itookthem，togetherwiththreethousandofthesoldiersthatwerewithmebefore，andeightyhorsemen，andmarchedtothevillageofChabolo，situatedintheconfinesofPtolimias，andtherekeptmyforcestogether，pretendingtogetreadytofightwithPlacidus，whowascomewithtwocohortsoffootmen，andonetroopofhorsemen，andwassentthitherbyCestiusGallustoburnthosevillagesofGalileethatwerenearPtolemais。UponwhosecastingupabankbeforethecityPtolemais，Ialsopitchedmycampataboutthedistanceofsixtyfurlongsfromthatvillage。
Andnowwefrequentlybroughtoutourforcesasifwewouldfight，butproceedednofurtherthanskirmishesatadistance；
forwhenPlacidusperceivedthatIwasearnesttocometoabattle，hewasafraid，andavoidedit。YetdidhenotremovefromtheneighborhoodofPtolemais。
44。AboutthistimeitwasthatJonathanandhisfellowlegatescame。Theyweresent，aswehavesaidalready，bySimon，andAnanusthehighpriest。AndJonathancontrivedhowhemightcatchmebytreachery；forhedurstnotmakeanyattemptuponmeopenly。Sohewrotemethefollowingepistle：\"Jonathanandthosethatarewithhim，andaresentbythepeopleofJerusalem，toJosephus，sendgreeting。WearesentbytheprincipalmenofJerusalem，whohaveheardthatJohnofGischalahathlaidmanysnaresforthee，torebukehim，andtoexhorthimtobesubjecttotheehereafter。Wearealsodesiroustoconsultwiththeeaboutourcommonconcerns，andwhatisfittobedone。Wethereforedesiretheetocometousquickly，andtobringonlyafewmenwiththee；forthisvillagewillnotcontainagreatnumberofsoldiers。\"Thusitwasthattheywrote，asexpectingoneofthesetwothings；eitherthatIshouldcomewithoutarmedmen，andthentheyshouldhavemewhollyintheirpower；or，ifI
camewithagreatnumber，theyshouldjudgemetobeapublicenemy。Nowitwasahorsemanwhobroughttheletter，amanatothertimesbold，andonethathadservedinthearmyundertheking。Itwasthesecondhourofthenightthathecame，whenI
wasfeastingwithmyfriends，andtheprincipaloftheGalileans。
Thisman，uponmyservant’stellingmethatacertainhorsemanoftheJewishnationwascome，wascalledinatmycommand，butdidnotsomuchassalutemeatall，butheldoutaletter，andsaid，\"ThisletterissenttheebythosethatarecomefromJerusalem；
dothouwriteananswertoitquickly；forIamobligedtoreturntothemverysoon。Nowmyguestscouldnotbutwonderattheboldnessofthesoldier。ButIdesiredhimtositdownandsupwithus；butwhenherefusedsotodo，IheldtheletterinmyhandsasIreceivedit，andfellatalkingwithmyguestsaboutothermatters。Butafewhoursafterwards，Igotup，andwhenI
haddismissedtheresttogototheirbeds，Ibidonlyfourofmyintimatefriendstostay，andorderedmyservanttogetsomewineready。Ialsoopenedtheletterso，thatnobodycouldperceiveit；andunderstandingtherebypresentlythepurport？ofthewriting，Isealeditupagain，andappearedasifIhadnotyetreadit，butonlyhelditinmyhands。Iorderedtwentydrachmaeshouldbegiventhesoldierforthechargesofhisjourney；andwhenhetookthemoney，andsaidthathethankedmeforit，I
perceivedthathelovedmoney，andthathewastobecaughtchieflybythatmeans；andIsaidtohim，\"Ifthouwiltbutdrinkwithus，thoushalthaveadrachmaforeveryglassthoudrinkest。\"Sohegladlyembracedthisproposal，anddrankagreatdealofwine，inordertogetthemoremoney，andwassodrunk，thatatlasthecouldnotkeepthesecretshewasintrustedwith，butdiscoveredthemwithoutmyputtingquestionstohim，viz。
Thatatreacherousdesignwascontrivedagainstme，andthatI
wasdoomedtodiebythosethatsenthim。WhenIheardthis，I
wrotebackthisanswer：\"JosephustoJonathan，andthosethatarewithhim，sendethgreeting。UpontheinformationthatyouarecomeinhealthintoGalilee，Irejoice，andthisespeciallybecauseIcannowresignthecareofpublicaffairshereintoyourhands，andreturnintomynativecountry，whichiswhatI
havedesiredtodoagreatwhile；andIconfessIoughtnotonlytocometoyouasfarasXaloth，butfarther，andthiswithoutyourcommands。ButIdesireyoutoexcuseme，becauseIcannotdoitnow，sinceIwatchthemotionsofPlacidus，whohathamindtogoupintoGalilee；andthisIdohereatChabolo。Doyoutherefore，onthereceiptofthisepistle，comehithertome。
Fareyouwell。\"
45。WhenIhadwrittenthus，andgiventhelettertobecarriedbythesoldier，IsentalongwithhimthirtyoftheGalileansofthebestcharacters，andgavetheminstructionstosalutethoseambassadors，buttosaynothingelsetothem。Ialsogaveorderstoasmanyofthosearmedmen，whomIesteemedmostfaithfultome，togoalongwiththeothers，everyonewithhimwhomhewastoguard，lestsomeconversationmightpassbetweenthosewhomI
sentandthosewhowerewithJonathan。Sothosemenwent[toJonathan]。ButwhenJonathanandhispartnershadfailedinthistheirfirstattempt，theysentmeanotherletter，thecontentswhereofwereasfollows：\"Jonathan，andthosewithhim，toJosephus，sendgreeting。WerequiretheetocometoustothevillageGabaroth，onthethirdday，withoutanyarmedmen，thatwemayhearwhatthouhasttolaytothechargeofJohn[ofGischala]。\"Whentheyhadwrittenthisletter，theysalutedtheGalileanswhomIsent，andcametoJapha，whichwasthelargestvillageofallGalilee，andencompassedwithverystrongwalls，andhadagreatnumberofinhabitantsinit。Therethemultitudeofmen，withtheirwivesandchildren，metthem，andexclaimedloudlyagainstthem；anddesiredthemtobegone，andnottoenvythemtheadvantageofanexcellentcommander。WiththeseclamorsJonathanandhispartnersweregreatlyprovoked，althoughtheydurstnotshowtheirangeropenly；sotheymadethemnoanswer，butwenttoothervillages。Butstillthesameclamorsmetthemfromallthepeople，whosaid，\"NobodyshouldpersuadethemtohaveanyothercommanderbesidesJosephus。\"SoJonathanandhispartnerswentawayfromthemwithoutsuccess，andcametoSepphoris，thegreatestcityofallGalilee。Nowthemenofthatcity，whoinclinedtotheRomansintheirsentiments，metthemindeed，butneitherpraisednorreproachedmeandwhentheyweregonedownfromSepphoristoAsochis，thepeopleofthatplacemadeaclamoragainstthem，asthoseofJaphahaddone；whereupontheywereabletocontainthemselvesnolonger，butorderedthearmedmenthatwerewiththemtobeatthosethatmadetheclamorwiththeirclubs。AndwhentheycametoGabara，Johnmetthemwiththreethousandarmedmen；but，asIunderstoodbytheirletterthattheyhadresolvedtofightagainstme，IarosefromChabolo，withthreethousandarmedmenalso；butleftinmycamponeofmyfastestfriends，andcametoJotapata，asdesiroustobenearthem，thedistancebeingnomorethanfortyfurlongs。
WhenceIwrotethustothem：\"IfyouareverydesirousthatI
shouldcometoyou，youknowtherearetwohundredandfortycitiesandvillagesinGalilee；Iwillcometoanyofthemwhichyouplease，exceptingGaburnandGischala；theoneofwhichisJohn’snativecity，andtheotherinconfederacyandfriendshipwithhim。\"
46。WhenJonathanandhispartnershadreceivedthisletter，theywrotemenomoreanswers，butcalledacounciloftheirfriendstogether；andtakingJohnintotheirconsultation，theytookcounseltogetherbywhatmeanstheymightattackme。John’sopinionwas，thattheyshouldwritetoallthecitiesandvillagesthatwereinGalilee；forthattheremustbecertainlyoneortwopersonsineveryoneofthemthatwereatvariancewithme，andthattheyshouldbeinvitedtocometoopposemeasanenemy。HewouldalsohavethemsendthisresolutionoftheirstothecityofJerusalem，thatitscitizens，upontheknowledgeofmybeingadjudgedtobeanenemybytheGalileans，mightthemselvesIalsoconfirmthatdetermination。Hesaidalso，thatwhenthiswasdone，eventhoseGalileanswhowerewellaffectedtome，woulddesertmeoutoffear。WhenJohnhadgiventhemthiscounsel，whathehadsaidwasveryagreeabletotherestofthem。
Iwasalsomadeacquaintedwiththeseaffairsaboutthethirdhourofthenight，bythemeansofoneSaccheus，whohadbelongedtothem，butnowdesertedthemandcameovertome，andtoldmewhattheywereabout；soIperceivedthatnotimewastobelost。
Accordingly，IgavecommandtoJacob，anarmedmanofmyguard，whomIesteemedfaithfultome，totaketwohundredmen，andtoguardthepassagesthatledfromGaharatoGalilee，andtoseizeuponthepassengers，andsendthemtome，especiallysuchaswerecaughtwithlettersaboutthem：IalsosentJeremiashimself，oneofmyfriends，withsixhundredarmedmen，tothebordersofGalilee，inordertowatchtheroadsthatledfromthiscountrytothecityJerusalem，andgavehimchargetolayholdofsuchastraveledwithlettersaboutthem，tokeepthemeninbondsupontheplace，buttosendmetheletters。
47。WhenIhadlaidthesecommandsuponthem，Igavethemorders，andbidthemtaketheirarmsandbringthreedays’provisionwiththem，andbewithmethenextday。Ialsopartedthosethatwereaboutmeintofourparts，andordainedthoseofthemthatweremostfaithfultometobeaguardtomybody。Ialsosetoverthemcenturions，andcommandedthemtotakecarethatnotasoldierwhichtheydidnotknowshouldminglehimselfamongthem。
Now，onthefifthdayfollowing，whenIwasatGabaroth，Ifoundtheentireplainthatwasbeforethevillagefullofarmedmen，whowerecomeoutofGalileetoassistme：manyothersofthemultitude，also，outofthevillage，ranalongwithme。ButassoonasIhadtakenmyplace，andbegantospeaktothem，theyallmadeanacclamation，andcalledmethebenefactorandsaviorofthecountry。AndwhenIhadmadethemmyacknowledgments，andthankedthem[fortheiraffectiontome]，Ialsoadvisedthemtofightwithnobody，（19）nortospoilthecountry；buttopitchtheirtentsintheplain，andbecontentwiththeirsustenancetheyhadbroughtwiththem；forItoldthemthatIhadamindtocomposethesetroubleswithoutsheddinganyblood。Nowitcametopass，thatontheverysamedaythosewhoweresentbyJohnwithletters，fellamongtheguardswhomIhadappointedtowatchtheroads；sothemenwerethemselveskeptupontheplace，asmyorderswere，butIgottheletters，whichwerefullofreproachesandlies；andIintendedtofalluponthesemen，withoutsayingawordofthesematterstoanybody。
48。Now，assoonasJonathanandhiscompanionsheardofmycoming，theytookalltheirownfriends，andJohnwiththem，andretiredtothehouseofJesus，whichindeedwasalargecastle，andnowayunlikeacitadel；sotheyprivatelylaidabandofarmedmentherein，andshutalltheotherdoorsbutone，whichtheykeptopen，andtheyexpectedthatIshouldcomeoutoftheroadtothem，tosalutethem。Andindeedtheyhadgivenorderstothearmedmen，thatwhenIcametheyshouldletnobodybesidesmecomein，butshouldexcludeothers；assupposingthat，bythismeans，theyshouldeasilygetmeundertheirpower：buttheyweredeceivedintheirexpectation；forIperceivedwhatsnarestheyhadlaidforme。Now，assoonasIwasgotoffmyjourney，Itookupmylodgingsoveragainstthem，andpretendedtobeasleep；soJonathanandhisparty，thinkingthatIwasreallyasleepandatrest，madehastetogodownintotheplain，topersuadethepeoplethatIwasanillgovernor。Butthematterprovedotherwise；for，upontheirappearance，therewasacrymadebytheGalileansimmediately，declaringtheirgoodopinionofmeastheirgovernor；andtheymadeaclamoragainstJonathanandhispartnersforcomingtothemwhentheyhadsufferednoharm，andasthoughtheywouldoverturntheirhappysettlement；anddesiredthembyallmeanstogobackagain，forthattheywouldneverbepersuadedtohaveanyothertoruleoverthembutmyself。WhenI
heardofthis，Ididnotfeartogodownintothemidstofthem；
Iwent，therefore，myselfdownpresentlytohearwhatJonathanandhiscompanionssaid。AssoonasIappeared，therewasimmediatelyanacclamationmadetomebythewholemultitude，andacryinmycommendationbythem，whoconfessedtheirthankswasowingtomeformygoodgovernmentofthem。
49。WhenJonathanandhiscompanionsheardthis，theywereinfearoftheirownlives，andindangerlesttheyshouldbeassaultedbytheGalileansonnayaccount；sotheycontrivedhowtheymightrunaway。Butastheywerenotabletogetoff，forI
desiredthemtostay，theylookeddownwithconcernatmywordstothem。Iordered，therefore，themultitudetorestrainentirelytheiracclamations，andplacedthemostfaithfulofmyarmedmenupontheavenues，tobeaguardtous，lestJohnshouldunexpectedfalluponus；andIencouragedtheGalileanstotaketheirweapons，lesttheyshouldbedisturbedattheirenemies，ifanysuddeninsultshouldbemadeuponthem。Andthen，inthefirstplace，IputJonathanandhispartnersinmindoftheir[former]letter，andafterwhatmannertheyhadwrittentome，anddeclaredtheyweresentbythecommonconsenttothepeopleofJerusalem，tomakeupthedifferencesIhadwithJohn，andhowtheyhaddesiredmetocometothem；andasIspakethus，I
publiclyshowedthatlettertheyhadwritten，tilltheycouldnotatalldenywhattheyhaddone，theletteritselfconvictingthem。Ithensaid，\"OJonathan!andyouthataresentwithhimashiscolleagues，ifIweretobejudgedastomybehavior，comparedwiththatofJohn’s，andhadbroughtnomorethantwoorthreewitnesses，（20）goodmenandtrue，itisplainyouhadbeenforced，upontheexaminationoftheircharactersbeforehand，todischargetheaccusations：thatthereforeyoumaybeinformedthatIhaveactedwellintheaffairsofGalilee，Ithinkthreewitnessestoofewtobebroughtbyamanthathathdoneasheoughttodo；soIgaveyoualltheseforwitnesses。Inquireofthem（21）howIhavelived，andwhetherIhavenotbehavedmyselfwithalldecency，andafteravirtuousmanner，amongthem。AndI
furtherconjureyou，OGalileans!tohidenopartofthetruth，buttospeakbeforethesemenasbeforejudges，whetherIhaveinanythingactedotherwisethanwell。\"
50。WhileIwasthusspeaking，theunitedvoicesofallthepeoplejoinedtogether，andcalledmetheirbenefactorandsavior，andattestedtomyformerbehavior，andexhortedmetocontinuesotodohereafter；andtheyallsaid，upontheiroaths，thattheirwiveshadbeenpreservedfreefrominjuries，andthatnoonehadeverbeenaggrievedbyme。Afterthis，IreadtotheGalileanstwoofthoseepistleswhichhadbeensentbyJonathanandhiscolleagues，andwhichthosewhomIhadappointedtoguardtheroadhadtaken，andsenttome。Thesewerefullofreproaches，andoflies，asifIhadactedmorelikeatyrantthanagovernoragainstthem，withmanyotherthingsbesidesthereincontained，whichwerenobetterindeedthanimpudentfalsities。IalsoinformedthemultitudehowIcamebytheseletters，andthatthosewhocarriedthemdeliveredthemupvoluntarily；forIwasnotwillingthatmyenemiesshouldknowanythingoftheguardsIhadset，lesttheyshouldbeafraid，andleaveoffwritinghereafter。
51。Whenthemultitudeheardthesethings，theyweregreatlyprovokedatJonathan，andhiscolleaguesthatwerewithhim，andweregoingtoattackthem，andkillthem；andthistheyhadcertainlydone，unlessIhadrestrainedtheangeroftheGalileans，andsaid，that\"IforgaveJonathanandhiscolleagueswhatwaspast，iftheywouldrepent，andgototheirowncountry，andtellthosewhosentthemthetruth，astomyconduct。\"WhenI
hadsaidthis，Iletthemgo，althoughIknewtheywoulddonothingofwhattheyhadpromised。Butthemultitudewereverymuchenragedagainstthem，andentreatedmetogivethemleavetopunishthemfortheirinsolence；yetdidItryallmethodstopersuadethemtosparethemen；forIknewthateveryinstanceofseditionwaspernicioustothepublicwelfare。Butthemultitudewastooangrywiththemtobedissuaded，andallofthemwentimmediatelytothehouseinwhichJonathanandhiscolleaguesabode。However，whenIperceivedthattheirragecouldnotberestrained，Igotonhorseback，andorderedthemultitudetofollowmetothevillageSogane，whichwastwentyfurlongsoffGabara；andbyusingthisstratagem，Isomanagedmyself，asnottoappeartobeginacivilwar，amongstthem。
52。ButwhenIwascomenearSogane，Icausedthemultitudetomakeahalt，andexhortedthemnottobesoeasilyprovokedtoanger，andtotheinflictingsuchpunishmentsascouldnotbeafterwardsrecalled：Ialsogaveorder，thatahundredmen，whowerealreadyinyears，andwereprincipalmenamongthem，shouldgetthemselvesreadytogotothecityofJerusalem，andshould。makeacomplaintbeforethepeopleofsuchasraisedseditionsinthecountry。AndIsaidtothem，that\"incasetheybemovedwithwhatyousay，youshalldesirethecommunitytowritetome，andtoenjoinmetocontinueinGalilee，andtoorderJonathanandhiscolleaguestodepartoutofit。\"WhenIhadsuggestedtheseinstructionstothem，andwhiletheyweregettingthemselvesreadyasfastastheycould，Isentthemonthiserrandthethirddayaftertheyhadbeenassembled：Ialsosentfivehundredarmedmenwiththem[asaguard]。IthenwrotetomyfriendsinSamaria，totakecarethattheymightsafelypassthroughthecountry：forSamariawasalreadyundertheRomans，anditwasabsolutelynecessaryforthosethatgoquickly[toJerusalem]topassthroughthatcountry；forinthatroadyoumay，inthreedays’time，gofromGalileetoJerusalem。Ialsowentmyself，andconductedtheoldmenasfarastheboundsofGalilee，andsetguardsintheroads，thatitmightnotbeeasilyknownbyanyonethatthesemenweregone。AndwhenIhadthusdone，IwentandabodeatJapha。
53。NowJonathanandhiscolleagues，havingfailedofaccomplishingwhattheywouldhavedoneagainstme，sentJohnbacktoGischala，butwentthemselvestothecityofTiberias，expectingitwouldsubmititselftothem；andthiswasfoundedonaletterwhichJesus，theirthengovernor，hadwrittenthem，promisingthat，iftheycame，themultitudewouldreceivethem，andchoosetobeundertheirgovernment；sotheywenttheirwayswiththisexpectation。ButSilas，who，asIsaid，hadbeenleftcuratorofTiberiasbyme，informedmeofthis，anddesiredmetomakehastethither。Accordingly，Icompliedwithhisadviceimmediately，andcamethither；butfoundmyselfindangerofmylife，fromthefollowingoccasion：JonathanandhiscolleagueshadbeenatTiberias，andhadpersuadedagreatmanyofsuchashadaquarrelwithmetodesertme；butwhentheyheardofmycoming，theywereinfearforthemselves，andcametome；andwhentheyhadsalutedme，theysaid，thatIwasahappymaninhavingbehavedmyselfsowellinthegovernmentofGalilee；andtheycongratulatedmeuponthehonorsthatwerepaidme：fortheysaidthatmyglorywasacredittothem，sincetheyhadbeenmyteachersandfellowcitizens；andtheysaidfurther，thatitwasbutjustthattheyshouldprefermyfriendshiptothemratherthanJohn’s，andthattheywouldhaveimmediatelygonehome，butthattheystaidthattheymightdeliverupJohnintomypower；
andwhentheysaidthistheytooktheiroathsofit，andthosesuchasaremosttremendousamongstus，andsuchasIdidnotthinkfittodisbelieve。However，theydesiredmetolodgesomewhereelse，becausethenextdaywasthesabbath，andthatitwasnotfitthecityofTiberiasshouldbedisturbed[onthatday]。
54。SoIsuspectednothing，andwentawaytoTarichese；yetdidI
withalleavesometomakeinquiryinthecityhowmatterswent，andwhetheranythingwassaidaboutme：IalsosetmanypersonsallthewaythatledfromTarichesetoTiberias，thattheymightcommunicatefromonetoanother，iftheylearnedanynewsfromthosethatwereleftinthecity。Onthenextday，therefore，theyallcameintotheProseucha；（22）itwasalargeedifice，andcapableofreceivingagreatnumberofpeople；thitherJonathanwentin，andthoughhedurstnotopenlyspeakofarevolt，yetdidhesaythattheircitystoodinneedofabettergovernorthanitthenhad。ButJesus，whowastheruler，madenoscrupletospeakout，andsaidopenly，\"Ofellowcitizens!itisbetterforyoutobeinsubjectiontofourthantoone；andthosesuchasareofhighbirth，andnotwithoutreputationfortheirwisdom；\"andpointedtoJonathanandhiscolleagues。Uponhissayingthis，Justuscameinandcommendedhimforwhathehadsaid，andpersuadedsomeofthepeopletobeofhismindalso。
Butthemultitudewerenotpleasedwithwhatwassaid，andhadcertainlygoneintoatumult，unlessthesixthhour，whichwasnowcome，haddissolvedtheassembly，atwhichhourourlawsrequireustogotodinneronsabbathdays；soJonathanandhiscolleaguesputofftheircounciltillthenextday，andwentoffwithoutsuccess。WhenIwasinformedoftheseaffairs，I
determinedtogotothecityofTiberiasinthemorning。
Accordingly，onthenextday，aboutthefirsthouroftheday，I
camefromTarichee，andfoundthemultitudealreadyassembledintheProseucha；butonwhataccounttheyweregottentogether，thosethatwereassembleddidnotknow。ButwhenJonathanandhiscolleaguessawmethereunexpectedly，theywereindisorder；
afterwhichtheyraisedareportoftheirowncontrivance，thatRomanhorsemenwereseenataplacecalledUnion，inthebordersofGalilee，thirtyfurlongsdistantfromthecity。Uponwhichreport，Jonathanandhiscolleaguescunninglyexhortedmenottoneglectthismatter，nortosufferthelandtobespoiledbytheenemy。Andthistheysaidwithadesigntoremovemeoutofthecity，underthepretenseofthewantofextraordinaryassistance，whiletheymightdisposethecitytobemyenemy。
55。Asformyself，althoughIknewoftheirdesign，yetdidI
complywithwhattheyproposed，lestthepeopleofTiberiasshouldhaveoccasiontosupposethatIwasnotcarefuloftheirsecurity。Ithereforewentout；but，whenIwasattheplace，I
foundnottheleastfootstepsofanyenemy，soIreturnedasfastaseverIcould，andfoundthewholecouncilassembled，andthebodyofthepeoplegottentogether，andJonathanandhiscolleaguesbringingvehementaccusationsagainstme，asonewhohadnoconcerntoeasethemoftheburdensofwar，andasonethatlivedluxuriously。Andastheywerediscoursingthus，theyproducedfourletters，aswrittentothemfromsomepeoplethatlivedatthebordersofGalilee，imploringthattheywouldcometotheirassistance，forthattherewasanarmyofRomans，bothhorsemenandfootmen，whowouldcomeandlaywastethecountryonthethirdday；theydesiredthemalsotomakehaste，andnottooverlookthem。WhenthepeopleofTiberiasheardthis，theythoughttheyspaketruth，andmadeaclamoragainstme，andsaidIoughtnottositstill，buttogoawaytotheassistanceoftheircountrymen。HereuponIsaid（forIunderstoodthemeaningofJonathanandhiscolleagues）thatIwasreadytocomplywithwhattheyproposed，andwithoutdelaytomarchtothewarwhichtheyspakeof，yetdidIadvisethem，atthesametime，thatsincetheselettersdeclaredthattheRomanswouldmaketheirassaultinfourseveralplaces，theyshouldparttheirforcesintofivebodies，andmakeJonathanandhiscolleaguesgeneralsofeachbodyofthem，becauseitwasfitforbravemen，notonlytogivecounsel，buttotaketheplaceofleaders，andassisttheircountrymenwhensuchanecessitypressedthem；for，saidI，itisnotpossibleformetoleadmorethanoneparty。Thisadviceofminegreatlypleasedthemultitude；sotheycompelledthemtogoforthtothewar。Buttheirdesignswereputintoverymuchdisorder，becausetheyhadnotdonewhattheyhaddesignedtodo，onaccountofmystratagem，whichwasoppositetotheirundertakings。
56。NowtherewasonewhosenamewasAnanias（awickedmanhewas，andverymischievous）；heproposedthatageneralreligiousfast（23）shouldbeappointedthenextdayforallthepeople，andgaveorderthatatthesamehourtheyshouldcometothesameplace，withoutanyweapons，tomakeitmanifestbeforeGod，thatwhiletheyobtainedhisassistance，theythoughtalltheseweaponsuseless。Thishesaid，notoutofpiety，butthattheymightcatchmeandmyfriendsunarmed。Now，Iwashereuponforcedtocomply，lestIshouldappeartodespiseaproposalthattendedtopiety。Assoon，therefore，asweweregonehome，JonathanandhiscolleagueswrotetoJohntocometotheminthemorning，anddesiringhimtocomewithasmanysoldiersashepossiblycould，forthattheyshouldthenbeableeasilytogetmeintotheirhands，andtodoalltheydesiredtodo。WhenJohnhadreceivedthisletter，heresolvedtocomplywithit。Asformyself，onthenextday，Iorderedtwooftheguardsofmybody，whomIesteemedthemostcourageousandmostfaithful，tohidedaggersundertheirgarments，andtogoalongwithme，thatwemightdefendourselves，ifanyattackshouldbemadeuponusbyourenemies。I
alsomyselftookmybreastplate，andgirdedonmysword，sothatitmightbe，asfarasitwaspossible，concealed，andcameintotheProseucha。
57。NowJesus，whowastheruler，commandedthattheyshouldexcludeallthatcamewithme，forhekeptthedoorhimself，andsufferednonebuthisfriendstogoin。Andwhilewewereengagedinthedutiesoftheday，andhadbetakenourselvestoourprayers，Jesusgotup，andinquiredofmewhatwasbecomeofthevesselsthatweretakenoutoftheking’spalace，whenitwasburntdown[and]ofthatuncoinedsilver；andinwhosepossessiontheynowwere？Thishesaid，inordertodriveawaytimetillJohnshouldcome。IsaidthatCapellus，andthetenprincipalmenofTiberias，hadthemall；andItoldhimthattheymightaskthemwhetherItoldalieornot。Andwhentheysaidtheyhadthem，heaskedme，Whatisbecomeofthosetwentypiecesofgoldwhichthoudidstreceiveuponthesaleofacertainweightofuncoinedmoney？Ireplied，thatIhadgiventhemtothoseambassadorsoftheirs，asamaintenanceforthem，whentheyweresentbythemtoJerusalem。SoJonathanandhiscolleaguessaidthatIhadnotdonewelltopaytheambassadorsoutofthepublicmoney。Andwhenthemultitudewereveryangryatthemforthis，fortheyperceivedthewickednesofthemen，Iunderstoodthatatumultwasgoingtoarise；andbeingdesiroustoprovokethepeopletoagreaterrageagainstthemen，Isaid，\"ButifIhavenotdonewellinpayingourambassadorsoutofthepublicstock，leaveoffyourangeratme，forIwillrepaythetwentypiecesofgoldmyself。\"
58。WhenIhadsaidthis，Jonathanandhiscolleaguesheldtheirpeace；butthepeoplewerestillmoreirritatedagainstthem，upontheiropenlyshowingtheirunjustill—willtome。WhenJesussawthischangeinfilepeople，heorderedthemtodepart，butdesiredthesenatetostay；forthattheycouldnotexaminethingsofsuchanatureinatumult：andasthepeoplewerecryingoutthattheywouldnotleavemealone，therecameoneandtoldJesusandhisfriendsprivately，thatJohnandhisarmedmenwereathand：whereuponJonathanandhiscolleagues，beingabletocontainthemselvesnolonger，（andperhapstheprovidenceofGodherebyprocuringmydeliverance，forhadnotthisbeenso，I
hadcertainlybeendestroyedbyJohn，）said，\"OyoupeopleofTiberias!leaveoffthisinquiryaboutthetwentypiecesofgold；
forJosephushathnotdeservedtodieforthem；buthehathdeserveditbyhisdesireoftyrannizing，andbycheatingthemultitudeoftheGalileanswithhisspeeches，inordertogainthedominionoverthem。\"Whenhehadsaidthis，theypresentlylaidhandsuponme，andendeavoredtokillme：butassoonasthosethatwerewithmesawwhattheydid，theydrewtheirswords，andthreatenedtosmitethem，iftheyofferedanyviolencetome。Thepeoplealsotookupstones，andwereabouttothrowthematJonathan；andsotheysnatchedmefromtheviolenceofmyenemies。
59。ButasIwasgoneoutalittleway，IwasjustuponmeetingJohn，whowasmarchingwithhisarmedmen。SoIwasafraidofhim，andturnedaside，andescapedbyanarrowpassagetothelake，andseizedonaship，andembarkedinit，andsailedovertoTarichese。So，beyondmyexpectation，Iescapedthisdanger。
WhereuponIpresentlysentforthechiefoftheGalileans，andtoldthemafterwhatmanner，againstallfaithgiven，IhadbeenveryneartodestructionfromJonathanandhiscolleagues，andthepeopleofTiberias。UponwhichthemultitudeoftheGalileanswerevery。angry，andencouragedmetodelaynolongertomakewaruponthem，buttopermitthemtogoagainstJohn，andutterlytodestroyhim，aswellasJonathanandhiscolleagues。However，Irestrainedthem，thoughtheywereinsucharage，anddesiredthemtotarryawhile，tillweshouldbeinformedwhatordersthoseambassadors，thatweresentbythemtothecityofJerusalem，shouldbringthence；forItoldthemthatitwasbestforthemtoactaccordingtotheirdetermination；whereupontheywereprevailedon。Atwhichtime，also，John，whenthesnareshehadlaiddidnottakeeffect，returnedbacktoGischala。