TheKhediveofEgyptwassincerewhenhegavemetheorderstosuppressthishorribletraffic；andItrust，fromthesimpledescriptionoftheexpedition，theworldwillacknowledgethatinthisdutyIexhibitedtheutmostleniencytowardstheruffianlylesseesoftheSoudangovernment。
IamconvincedthattheKhediveissincereatheartinwishingtosuppresstheslavetrade，butherequiresunusualmoralcouragetoenterthelistssingle-handedagainstEgyptianpublicopinion。
MISSIONARYLABOUR。
Myopinionhasbeenfrequentlyaskedonthissubject，andmanyhaveendeavouredtopersuademethatarapidchangeandimprovementofthenativesmaybeeffectedbysuchanagency。Icannotresistbyargumentsuchferventhopes；butifgoodandcapablemenaredeterminedtomaketheattempt，theymaynowbeassuredofpeaceandsecurityatGondokoro，wheretheywillhavetheadvantageofthegoodnameleftbytheexcellentbutunfortunatemembersofthelateAustrianmission。
GEOGRAPHY。
Ihavenotchangedmyopinionsthathavealreadybeenexpressedin”TheAlbertN’yanza，”exceptthat，fromthenativetestimony，IpresumetheremustbeachannelwhichconnectseitheralakeorseriesoflakeswiththeAlbertN’yanza。
Withoutaguide，itwouldbeaworkofmuchtimeanddifficultytodiscoverthetruechannelamongthelabyrinth-likeinletsthatcharacterizethevastbedsoffloatingwater-grass。
Manyyearsago，whenatMagungo，ontheAlbertN’yanza，Icouldnotatfirstbelievethattheraft-chokedentranceoftheVictoriaNileinapparentlydeadwaterwasindeedthemouthofthatimportantriver。MysubsequentexperienceinthemarshyandlacustrineBahrGiraffehasconfirmedmyimpressionsoftheextremedifficultyofdecidinguponthenon-existenceofachanneluntilafteralengthenedinvestigation。
IcannotconceivethattheLualabaofLivingstonecanbeincludedwithintheNileBasin。LivingstonedecidedtheleveloftheTanganyikalaketobewithin72feetofmyleveloftheAlbertN’yanza。WiththesameinstrumentshedeterminedthealtitudeoftheLualabatobelowerthantheAlbertN’yanza，thusshowingtheimpossibilityofaconnectionbetweenthatriverasanaffluentwiththelake。
IwillnotpresumetoassertthattheLualabaisasourceoftheCongo，asIhaveastrongobjectiontogeographicaltheoriesorassertionsunlessprovedbyactualinspection，butifLivingstone’sobservationsforaltitudearecorrect，itisimpossiblethattheLualabacanbeconnectedwiththeNile。[*]
[*Footnote：Mr。Stanley’sdiscoveriessincethiswaswrittenhaveconfirmedmysuppositions。]
Dr。Schweinfurth’sdiscoveryoftheWelleriverflowingtowardsthewest，betweenthe3rdand4thdeg。N。lat。，isaclearproofthatnorivercanberunningfromthesouthtothenorth-easttowardstheNileBasin，otherwisetheWelleriverwouldbeintersected。
Inpage186，vol。ii。，Dr。Schweinfurth[*]writes：——”Itscourse[theLualaba]，indeed，wastowardsthenorth；butLivingstonewasmanifestlyinerrorwhenhetookitforatruesourceoftheNile，asuppositionthatmighthavesomesemblanceoffoundationoriginatingintheinexplicablevolumeofthewaterofLakeM’wootanAlbertN’yanza，butwhichwasnegativedcompletelyassoonasmoreampleinvestigationhadbeenmadeastothecomparativelevel，direction，andconnectionofotherrivers，especiallyoftheWelle。”
[*Footnote：”TheHeartofAfrica。”]
AlthoughDr。Schweinfurthwasunprovidedwithastronomicalinstruments，wemayplacethoroughrelianceintheintegrityandabilityofthistraveller，whohastakenthegreatestpainstoarriveattrueconclusions。Iamquiteofhisopinion，thattheWelleisoutsidetheNileBasin，anddrainsthewesternwatershed。
InaletterfromDr。LivingstoneaddressedtoSirBartleFrere，datedLakeBangweolo，27thNov。1870，hewrites：——”TheTanganyika，whosemajesticflowImarkedbymilesandmilesofconfervaeandotheraquaticvegetationforthreemonthsduringmyillnessatUjiji，is，withthelowerTanganyika，discoveredbyBaker，ariverinelakefromtwentytothirtymilesbroad。”
ItisthusclearthatLivingstoneconsideredthattheTanganyikaandtheAlbertN’yanzawereonewater。On30thMay，1869，datedUjiji，hewritestoDr。Kirk：——”Tanganyika，N’zigeChowambeBaker?areonewater，andtheheadofitis300milessouthofthis。””Themajesticflow”ofconfervaeremarkedbyLivingstoneontheTanganyikaisbeyondmycomprehension，ifthatvastlakehasnooutletatthenorth。
InLivingstone’sletterof27thNov。，1870，hewrites：——”Speke’sgreatmistakewasthepursuitofaforegoneconclusion。WhenhediscoveredtheVictoriaN’yanzaheatonceleapedtotheconclusionthatthereinlaythesources；butsubsequently，assoonasheandGrantlookedtotheN’yanza，theyturnedtheirbacksontheNilefountains。Hadtheydoubtedthecorrectnessoftheconclusion，theywouldhavecomewestintothetroughofthegreatvalley，andfoundtheremightystreams，noteightyorninetyyards，astheirWhiteNile，butfrom4，000to8，000yards，andalwaysdeep。”
IwassurprisedthatLivingstonecouldmakesuchanerrorinquotingSpeke’sWhiteNilefromtheVictoriaN’yanzaaseightyorninetyyardsinwidth！AtM’rooli，inlatitudeN。1degree37”，Ihaveseenthatmagnificentriver，whichisatleastATHOUSANDYARDSinwidth，withagreatdepth。Ihavetravelledontheriverincanoes，andinthenarrowestplaces，wherethecurrentisnaturallyincreased；thewidthisatleast300yards。
FrommypersonalexperienceImuststrenuouslyupholdtheVictoriaNileasasourceofenormousvolume，andshoulditeverbeprovedthatthedistantaffluentsoftheM’wootanN’zigearethemostremote，andthereforethenominalsourcesoftheNile，thegreatVictoriaN’yanzamusteverbeconnectedwiththenamesofSpekeandGrantasoneofthemajesticparentsoftheNileBasin。
Latterly，whenspeakingoftheLualaba，LivingstonewritestoSirHenryRawlinson：——”ThedrainageclearlydidnotgointoTanganyika，andthatlake，thoughitprobablyhasanoutlet，lostallitsinteresttomeasasourceoftheriverofEgypt。”
Weare，thereforecompletelyinthedarkconcerningtheflowofwaterfromtheLualabasouthoftheequator，andofSchweinfurth’sWellenorthoftheequator，butboththeselargeriversweretendingtothesamedirection，north-west。Thediscoveryofthesetworiversinaboutthesamemeridianisasatisfactoryproofofthewesternwatershed，whichcompletelyexcludesthemfromtheNileBasin。IftheTanganyikalakehasnocommunicationwiththeAlbertN’yanza，theoldNileisthesimpleoffspringofthetwoparents——theVictoriaandtheAlbertlakes。
Thisisnowprovedtobethecase。
WhenthesteamerthatIleftatGondokoroinsectionsshallbelaunchedupontheAlbertN’yanza，thisinterestingquestionwillbequicklysolved。
EarlyinNovember，1871，whenIwasontheNilesouthofRegiaf，I
noticedthepeculiarchangethatsuddenlytookplaceintheriver。WeweretheninN。lat。4degrees38”，belowthelastcataracts，wherethewaterwasperfectlyclearandfreefromvegetation，withastreamofaboutthreeandahalforfourmilesperhour。
SuddenlytheriverbecamediscolouredbyanimmensequantityofthePistiaStratiotes，ofwhichnotoneplantwasentire。
Thisaquaticplantinvariablygrowsineitherdeadwaterorinthemostsluggishstream，andnoneexistedinthepartoftheriveratN。lat。4
degrees38”。
Iexaminedmanyofthebrokenplants，which，insteadoffloatingasusualonthesurface，weremingledinenormousquantitieswiththerushingwaters。Nonewererotten，buttheyhadevidentlybeencarrieddownthenumerousrockywaterfallswhichoccupytheintervalbetweenN。
lat。3degrees34”and4degrees38”，andwerethusbruisedandtornasunder。
Theextraordinaryinfluxofdamagedaquaticplantscontinuedformanydays，andunmistakablydenotedtheriseintheleveloftheAlbertN’yanzaatthatseasonsay1stNov。。Abovethefalls，inN。lat。3
degrees32”，thereisverylittlecurrentinthebroaddeepNile；andinaboutN。lat。3degreesthisriverisseveralmilesinwidth，withnoperceptiblestream。InthosepropitiouscalmsthePistiaStratiotesgrowsinvastmassesalongtheshores，andtheannualriseofthelakecreatesacurrentwhichcarriestheplantstowardsthecataracts，andconsequentdestruction。
BythissignIconcludethatthemaximumoftheAlbertN’yanzawouldbeduringthemonthofNovember。
LANGUAGES。
ThefollowinglistofwordswillaffordafairexampleofthedifferencesinlanguageofthevarioustribesbetweenGondokoroandtheequator：
Lobore。Bari。Shooli。Unyoro。
AfowlA-oo。Chokore。Gweno。Unkoko。
AmatGallaca。Tero。Kaboone——
FlourArafoo。Bolo。Mocha。Obsano。
WaterYee。Feeum。Pee。Maizi。
MilkLeh。Leh。Chak。Amattai。
AcowTee。Kitang。Deaug。Inte。
AbullMoniko。Moni。Tu-an——
AdogOrke。Diong。Gunoah——
RainYee。Koodoo。Kort。Injoore。
ThesunYetakali。Narlong。Tschen。MusanneAchiefrpi。Mattat。Ruort。MatongaliAsheepabeelo。Kabisho。Ramo。Imbuzi。
Agoat…ndree。Keene。Deall。Imbuzi。
Themoon……mbah。Yarfah。Dooe。Quezi。
Thestars。eebi。Katchikoo。Lakori。Nynerzi。
Fleshsah。Lokore。Reugo——
Dhurracorn。sih。Keemak。Gyah——
Abasket……voch。Soodah。Adooku——
Beadsecoh。Sooksook。Teko。Unguanze。
CoracanElcusineLoque——Kaal。Burroi。
UnyoroUnyoroAtreeBisale。HaltIndeenda。
Faroff……Arrace。GoawayTaisaGenda。
NearAiee。Comehere。Igghia。
Notfar……Ampi。SitdownIu-karra-hanze。
Ahouse……Engooi。GetupIm-mookka。
PlantainsBitoki。AmanMoosogga。
BeansKoli。AwomanMookazze。