LikemostofthetribesoftheWhiteNile，theBarishaveastrongobjectiontoselltheircattle；thusyoumaybesurroundedbyplenty，butyoumaystarveinthemidstofbeef。
Theirlargeherdsareconfinedatnightwithinzareebasorkraals。Theseareformidabledefences。ThecattlezareebaisacircularstockadeformedofahardwoodcalledbytheArabsabou-noosorabdnoosebony。
Thisisanintenselyhardblackwoodsomewhatresemblingebony。Pilesasthickasaman’sthigharesunkintheearth，soastoleaveafenceorstockadeofabouteightfeethighabovethesurface；thesepilesareplacedascloseaspossibletogether，andinterlacedbytoughhookedthorns，whichwhendryandcontractedbindthestockadeintoaverycompactdefence。Theentrancetothisfortisonlysufficientlylargetoadmitoneanimalatatime；thustheherdcanbeeasilycounted。Withinthestockadeareseveralhouses，inadditiontoafewlargecircularshedsfortheprotectionofyoungcalves。Thesheepandgoatsarekeptinaseparatezareeba。
AlltheoperationsoftheBarisareconductedbysignalsgivenbythedrum，preciselyasourmilitarymovementsaredirectedbybugle-calls。
Thegreatdrumthatbelongstotheheadmanorsheik，issuspendedbeneathanopenshed，sothatitisalwaysprotectedfromweather，andatthesametimethesoundcouldtravelunchecked。Thesedrumsarecutandscoopedwithgreatlabourfromapeculiarwood，whichisexceedinglytoughandwillnoteasilysplit。TheBaridrumisexactlytheshapeofaneggwithaslicetakenoffthethickerend。Someoftheseinstrumentsareverylarge，andasmuchastwomencouldcarryonapole。Bothendsarehollowedthroughandsecuredwithhide；butthebroadendformstheactualdrum。Thisisbeatenwithtwoshortsticksofhardwood。Intheearlymorning，shortlybeforesunrise，thehollowsoundofthebigdrumisalwaysheardgivingthesignalbyacertainnumberofbeat’sforthemilkingofthecows。Thewomenandyoungmenthencommence，andwhentheoperationiscompleted，thedrumbeatsagain，andthelargeherdsaredriventopasturage。Thesignalisrepeatedintheevening。Shouldanenemyattackthecountry，thesheik’sbigdrumgivesthealarmbyapeculiarseriesofbeats，whichifonceheardcaneasilyberemembered。
Inafewsecondsthisloudalarmwillbere-echoedbyeverydrumthroughoutthenumerousvillages，andthenewsoftheattackwillthusspreadbysignalasfastassoundcantravel。Acertainbeatofthesheik’sbigdrumisthecallforageneralassembly，inwhichcase，shouldanenemyappear，thewholeforcesofthedistrictcanbeconcentratedinonepoint。
TheweaponsoftheBarisarefinely-wroughtlances，andbowswithhorriblybarbedarrows。Theyseldomcarryshields，astheyaredifficulttomanagetogetherwiththebow，andtheyimpedetherapidmovements’
whicharethechieffeatureinBaritactics。
Themenaregenerallytallandpowerful，alwaysnakedandsmearedwithashes，orongreatoccasionswithredochreandgrease。Thewomenarenotabsolutelybad-looking，butrealbeautiesareextremelyrare。Theywearanapronbeforeandbehindoftannedleather，extendingnearlytotheknees，whichisonlytheoutergarment，beneathwhichtheywearaneatly-madefringeofinnumerablestrings，formedoffinely-spincottonthread，suspendedfromaleatherbelt。Someofthewealthypossessfringecomposedofironrings，neatlyworked，soastoformakindofshirtofmail。
Everymanisawarriorfromhischildhood，astheBarisarealwaysatwar。Theyareextremelycleverintheuseofthelance，whichtheycanthrowwithgreataccuracyforadistanceofthirtyyards，andtheycanpitchitintoabodyofmenatupwardsoffiftyyards。Fromearlychildhoodtheboysareinconstantpractice，bothwiththelanceandthebowandarrow；thus，althoughtheirweaponsareinferiortofire-armsproperlyused，theyaredangerousinthehandsofproficientsagainstmenwho，likemytroops，wereutterlyignorantoftheartofshooting。
Fortunatelyformyexpedition，thewarlikeBariswerenotunitedthroughouttheirterritory。Nevertheless，IdiscoveredthattheBarisofGondokorohadmadeanalliancewiththoseofBelinian，twelvemilesfromhead-quarters。Iobservedthatwomenwereconstantlypassingtoandfrowithbasketsontheirheads，carryingsaltfromGondokoro，andeachreturningwithagoat，ledbyastring。ExcellentsaltisfoundatGondokoro，realchlorideofsodium；andthisarticleenablesthenativesofthatdistricttotradewiththeinterior，wheresaltisextremelyrareandofgreatvalue。Ihadremarkedthatwomen，andsometimesmen，weremetinmyramblesthroughtheforest，ontheirwaytoBelinianbythisconcealedroute，insteadoftakingtheopenpath；thisarousedmysuspicion，asthechief，Allorron，andhispeopledeclaredthattheywereenemiesoftheBeliniannatives。
Thepositionhadbecomeintolerable。ThefactcouldnolongerbeconcealedthattheBariswerehostile。Nopositiveoutbreakhadoccurred，butthenativesweresullenintheirdemeanour，andgenerallyavoidedthenewsettlement。Butchers’meatwasexceedinglyscarce，aswehadonlyafewcowsthathadbeengivenduringthevoyagebythevakeeloftheBohrstation。Thetroopswerewithoutrationsofmeat。Atthesametimetherewerethousandsofcattleontheislandsbeforetheireyes，notoneofwhichcouldbepurchasedfromthenatives。Althoughthenativesrefusedtoassistusinanyway，ortosupplyuswithcattleatanyprice，theydrovetheirherdsacrossfromtheislandtothemainlandtofattenonthefinepasturageunderthegovernmentprotection。Thispasturage，havingbeenabandonedbythemandoccupiedbythegovernmenttroops，hadnaturallybecomethepropertyoftheKhedive。Thenativeshadnomorerighttothesoilfromwhichtheyhadbeendriven，thantheFrenchwouldhavetoAlsaceandLorraine，shouldthoseprovincesbeoccupiedbyaforeignPowerwhichhaddrivenouttheGermans。
Thelastvesselshavingarrived，terminatedthevoyagefromTewfikeeyah，whichhadoccupiedfivemonthsandtwenty-twodays。Thetroops，whohadsufferedmuchbyfatigueincuttingthroughthemarshes，hadnotbeenabsolutelyrelievedbytheirarrivalintheclearWhiteNile。Thenorthwindchangedsuddenlytothesouth，inwhichunfavourablequarteritcontinuedsteadilyforamonth；thusmyunfortunatemenhadtotowthevesselsalongthebanksagainstwindandstreamforabout300milesfromWat-el-ShambitoGondokoro。Uponarrivalatthatstation，whichIhaddescribedtothemasthe”PromisedLand，”theyfoundalovelypark，butwithoutasingledwelling。Insteadofbeingreceivedasdeliverersbyafriendlyandgratefulpopulation，theymetwithneglectandill-willfromatribeofrobbers，alliesofthetraders，whofatteneduponthespoilofweakerneighbours。
Afteralltheirhardworkandsufferinginattainingthepromisedparadise，theyfoundonlyadditionallabourawaitingthem，astheyhadtowanderseveralmilesinsearchoflongthatch-grassandtimbertoconstructthenewstation，inwhichfatiguetheywereentirelyunassistedbythesulleninhabitants。
Addedtothesedisappointments，themenwerehungry，andnocattlecouldbepurchasedfrommynewsubjects，whowereobstinateandrefractory。
IhadaseriousconversationwithSheikAllorron，duringwhichIclearlydefinedourrelativepositions，andrepresentedtohiminthestrongesttermsthefollyoftrustingtothesupportofAbouSaoodandhispeopleagainstthegovernment，astheywereallsubjectsoftheKhediveandboundtoobeymyorders。AtthesametimeIinformedhimoftheabsolutenecessityofcattleforthesupplyofthetroops，whichIpromisedtopayfor。
Iclearlysawthatthemiserablepolicyofthesepeoplewastostarvethetroopsintothesupposednecessityofevacuatingtheposition，andreturningtoKhartoum。IrepresentedtoAllorronthedangeroftriflingwithahungrylion，atwhichhegrinned，asagoodjoke，andimmediatelyreplied：”Ifyouwantcattle，Iwillgiveyousomeofmypeopleasguides，andyoucanattackaneighbourofmine，andcapturehisherds，whichwilllastyouforalongtime。”Ireplied，thatIcouldnotinjureanyonewhohadnotcommittedanoffence，butasheforthelasttimerefusedassistance，Ishouldnotpermithisherdstograzeuponmypasturage；thereforeIbeggedtheymightbeconfinedtotheisland。
AtthesametimeIofficiallyinvitedAllorronandalltheheadmenofthecountry，includingthesheikofBelinian，toanentertainment。I
intended，formallyandofficially，toannexthecountrytoEgypt。
OnMay26，1871，allwasinorder。Aflag-staffabouteightyfeethighhadbeenneatlyerectedbyLieut。Bakeronthehighestpointoflandoverlookingtheriver。Everysmallbushhadbeenclearedaway，andthepositioninthecentreofanopenpark-likecountrywouldhaveformedanadmirablerace-course。Thetroops，havinghadtwodays’resttowashtheirclothesandburnishuptheirarmsandaccoutrements，marchedfromthestationatGondokoroat6A。M。
Ihad1，200menontheground，includingtenmountainrifledgunsthrowing8and1/4lbs。shell。
Intheircleanwhiteuniforms，withtheneatkoofeeiaorsun-cloth，which，coveringthehead，droopedgracefullyupontheshoulders，thetroopsshowedtogreatadvantage，astheymarchedwiththebandplayingfromhead-quarterstotheflagstaffabovemystation。Astheyfiledthroughthegreentrees，andthenformedintosectionsofcompaniesastheyemergedintotheopenground，theeffectwasexceedinglygood，andthesheik，Allorron，andhisfriends，theheadmenofmanyvillages，lookedwithamazementuponascenethatwasaltogethernewtothem。
Havingarrivedoppositetheflag-staff，thetroopsformedinlinetwodeepontheflatgrassysurfaceoftheheightsabovemystation。Thelongrowofglitteringbayonetsandthegayuniformsoftheofficersbewilderedtheastonishednatives。Allthesailors，servants，andcamp-followersweredressedintheirbestclothes。Theprevailingcolours，whiteandred，lookedexceedinglygayuponthecloseandevensurfaceofthegreenturf。Mystaffwascomposedofmyaides-de-camp，LieutenantBaker，R。N。，Lieut-ColonelAbd-el-Kader，togetherwiththreeotherofficers，andMr。Higginbotham。Atthattimethehorseswereallinexcellentcondition。
Havingriddenalongthelineandhaltedbeneaththeflag，thetroopsformedthreesidesofasquarewiththeflag-staffinthecentre。Thefourthside，facingtheriver，wasthenoccupiedbytheartillery，withtenguns。
Theformalityofreadingtheofficialproclamation，describingtheannexationofthecountrytoEgyptinthenameoftheKhedive，thentookplaceatthefootoftheflag-staff。Attheterminationofthelastsentence，theOttomanflagwasquicklyrunupbythehalyardsandflutteredinthestrongbreezeatthemast-head。Theofficerswithdrawnswordssalutedtheflag，thetroopspresentedarms，andthebatteriesofartilleryfiredaroyalsalute。
Thisceremonybeingcompleted，thetroopsmarchedpast；afterwhich，theyformedinorderforasupposedattackuponanimaginaryenemy，andfiredawayabouttenthousandroundsofblankcartridgeintheadvancedownthelongslopewhichledtothetemporarycampandtentserectedfortheentertainment。Herethebuglesounded”disperse，”andallthemenimmediatelysettoworktolightfiresandpreparethefoodthathadbeenalreadysuppliedfortheirdinners。Ibelievethiswastheonlydayofrealenjoymentthatthetroopshadhad。Thehourspassedinrestandsleepuntilsunset。
Ihadinvitedfourteenoftheofficerstodinewithme，andourpartyofeighteenwaseasilyaccommodatedontheroomypoop-deckofmydiahbeeah。
TheEnglishmenhadatabletothemselvesinthegarden，andwereregaledwithroastbeefandrealEnglishplum-pudding，that，havingbeenbroughtoutintinsforChristmasDay，couldnotbefoundduringthevoyage；
thereforeitaddedtothefeastofthe”dayofannexation，”andwasannexedaccordinglybyEnglishappetites。ThiswaswasheddownandrenderedwholesomebyaquantityofpurefilteredwaterfromtheriverNile，whichwasincludedintheannexation；andwasrepresentedintheNileBasinmixedwithJamaicarum，sugar，nutmeg，andlemon-juicefromthefruitofthetreesplantedbythegoodAustrianmissionariesatGondokoro。Littledidtheythink，poorfellows，ofthejollificationtowhichtheirlemonswouldsubscribewhentheyfirstsowedthegoodseeds。
Whendinnerwasover，werepairedtothelargedivantents，whererefreshmentswerearranged，andthemagiclanternwaspreparedfortheamusementofofficersandmen。Thiswasanadmirablemachine，andwaswellexplainedbyLieutenantBaker。Noonehadeverseensuchanexhibitionbefore，thereforeitcausedimmensesatisfaction。Oneoftherepresentationsthatwasmostapplauded，was，MosesgoingthroughtheRedSeawiththeIsraelites，followedbyPharaoh。ThestorybeingwellknowntoallMohammedans，theperformancewasencoredwithsuchenergythatMoseshadtogothroughtheRedSeatwice，andtheywouldhaveinsisteduponhiscrossingathirdtime，hadtheslidenotbeenrapidlyexchangedforanothersubject。
Theformalceremonyofannexationwasover，anditwasnecessarytodecideuponthefuture。
IhadissuedthefollowingCampRegulations：——
1。”Nopersonshallcutorinotherwaysdestroyanytamarindoroiltreeunderanypretextwhatever。Neithershallanytreewhatsoeverbeeithercutordamagedwithinadistanceof2，000pacesfromtheflag-stafforcamp。