第2章
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  March1849,birthofRobertWiedemannBarrettBrowning;

  Browningwriteshis“ChristmasEveandEasterDay“;

  “CasaGuidiWindows“commenced;1850,theygotoRome;

  “TwointheCampagna“;proposaltoconferpoet-laureateshiponMrs。Browning;

  returntoLondon;winterinParis;summerinLondon;Kenyon’sfriendship;

  returninautumntoCasaGuidi;Browning’sEssayonShelleyforthetwenty-fivespuriousShelleyletters;midsummeratBathsofLucca,where“InaBalcony“wasinpartwritten;winterof1853-4inRome;

  recordofwork;“Pen’s“illness;“BenKarshook’sWisdom“;returntoFlorence;

  1856“MenandWomen“published;theBrowningsgotoLondon;

  insummer“AuroraLeigh“issued;1858,Mrs。Browning’swaninghealth;

  1855-64comparativelyunproductiveperiodwithR。Browning;

  recordofwork;July1855,theytraveltoNormandy;“LegendofPornic“;

  Mrs。Browning’sardentinterestintheItalianstruggleof1859;

  winterinRome;“PoemsbeforeCongress“;herlastpoem,“NorthandSouth“;

  deathofMrs。BrowningatCasaGuidi,28thJune1861。

  Browning’sallusionstodeathofhiswife;MissBrowningresideswithherbrotherfrom1866;1868,collectedworkspublished;

  firstpartof“TheRingandtheBook“publishedinNovember1866;

  “HerveRiel“written;Browning’sgrowingpopularity;

  Tauchnitzeditionsofhispoemsin1872;alsofirstbookofselections;

  dedicationtoLordTennyson;1877,hegoestoLaSaisiaz,nearGeneva;

  “LaSaisiaz“and“TheTwoPoetsofCroisic“published1878;

  Browning’slaterpoems;BrowningSocietyestablished1881;

  Browning’sletterthereupontoMr。Yates;tripsabroad;hisLondonresidences;

  hislastlettertoTennyson;revisitsAsolo;PalazzoRezzonico;

  hisbeliefinimmortality;hisdeath,Thursday,Dec。12th,1889;

  funeralinWestminsterAbbey;SonnetbyGeorgeMeredith;newstarinOrion;

  R。Browning’splaceinliterature;Summary,etc。

  Note。

  InallimportantrespectsIleavethisvolumetospeakforitself。

  Forobviousreasonsitdoesnotpretendtobemorethana`Memoirepourservir’:inthenatureofthings,thedefinitivebiographycannotappearformanyyearstocome。

  NonethelessgratefullymayItakethepresentopportunitytoexpressmyindebtednesstoMr。R。BarrettBrowning,andtootherrelativesandintimatefriendsofRobertBrowning,whohavegivenmeserviceableinformation,andotherwiserenderedkindlyaid。

  Forsomeofthehithertounpublisheddetailsmythanksare,inparticular,duetoMrs。FraserCorkranandMissAliceCorkran,andtootheroldfriendsofthepoetandhisfamily,here,inItaly,andinAmerica;thoughinoneortwoinstances,Imayadd,IhadthemfromRobertBrowninghimself。ItiswithpleasurethatIfurtheracknowledgemyindebtednesstoDr。Furnivall,fortheloanoftheadvance-proofsofhisprivately-printedpamphleton“Browning’sAncestors“;andtotheBrowningSociety’sPublications

  particularlytoMrs。SutherlandOrr’sandDr。Furnivall’sbiographicalandbibliographicalcontributionsthereto;toMr。Gosse’sbiographicalarticleinthe`CenturyMagazine’for1881;toMr。Ingram’s`LifeofE。B。Browning’;

  andtothe`MemoirsofAnnaJameson’,the`ItalianNote-Books’

  ofNathanielHawthorne,Mr。G。S。Hillard’s`SixMonthsinItaly’1853,andtheLivesandCorrespondenceofMacready,MissMitford,LeighHunt,andWalterSavageLandor。Iregretthattheimperativeneedofconcisionhaspreventedtheinsertionofmanyoftheletters,anecdotes,andreminiscences,sogenerouslyplacedatmydisposal;

  butpossiblyImayhavesucceededineducingfromthemsomeessentialpartofthatlightwhichtheyundoubtedlycastuponthepersonalityandgeniusofthepoet。

  Itmust,toadmirersofBrowning’swritings,appearsingularlyappropriatethatsocosmopolitanapoetwasborninLondon。Itwouldseemasthoughsomethingofthatmightycomplexlife,soconfusedlypettytothenarrowvision,sograndioseandevenmajestictothelargerken,hadblentwithhisbeingfromthefirst。Whatfitterbirthplaceforthepoetwhomacomradehascalledthe“SubtlestAssertoroftheSoulinSong“,thepoetwhosewritingsareindeedamirroroftheage?

  AmanmaybeinallthingsaLondonerandyetbeaprovincial。

  Theaccidentofbirthplacedoesnotnecessarilyinvolveparochialismofthesoul。ItisnotthevillagewhichproducestheHampden,buttheHampdenwhoimmortalisesthevillage。ItisafavouritejestofRusticusthathisurbanbrotherhasthemannerofOmniscienceandtheknowledgeofaparishbeadle。Nevertheless,thoughthestrongestbloodinsurgentinthemetropolitanheartisnotthatwhichisnativetoit,onemightwellbeproudtohavehadone’satom-pulseatunefromthefirstwiththelargerhythmofthenationallifeatitsturbulent,congested,buteverebullientcentre。

  CertainlyBrowningwasnotthemantobeashamedofhisbeingaLondoner,muchlesstodenyhisnatalplace。Hewasproudofit:throughgoodsense,nodoubt,butpossiblyalsothroughsomeinstinctiveapprehensionofthefactthatthegreatcitywasindeedthefitmotherofsuchason。

  “Ashamedofhavingbeenborninthegreatestcityoftheworld!“

  heexclaimedononeoccasion;“whatanextraordinarythingtosay!

  Itsuggestsawaveletinamuddyshallowgrimilycontortingitselfbecauseithaditsbirthoutinthegreatocean。“

  Onthedayofthepoet’sfuneralinWestminsterAbbey,oneofthemosteminentofhispeersremarkedtomethatBrowningcametousasonecomingintohisown。Thisisprofoundlytrue。

  Therewasingoodsoothamansionpreparedagainsthisadvent。

  Longago,weshouldhavesurrenderedastoaconqueror:now,however,weknowthatprincesofthemind,thoughtheymustbevalorousandpotentasofyore,canenteruponnoheritancesavethatwhichnaturallyawaitsthem,andhasbeenmadetheirsbylongandintricateprocesses。

  ThelustrumwhichsawthebirthofRobertBrowning,thatisthethirdinthenineteenthcentury,wasaremarkableoneindeed。

  Thackeraycameintotheworldsomemonthsearlierthanthegreatpoet,CharlesDickenswithinthesametwelvemonth,andTennysonthreeyearssooner,whenalsoElizabethBarrettwasborn,andtheforemostnaturalistofmoderntimesfirstsawthelight。Itisamatterofsignificancethatthegreatwaveofscientificthoughtwhichultimatelyboreforwardonitscrestsomanyfamousmen,fromBrewsterandFaradaytoCharlesDarwin,hadjustbeguntorisewithirresistibleimpulsion。Lepsius’sbirthwasin1813,andthatofthegreatFlemishnovelist,HenriConscience,in1812:aboutthesameperiodwerethebirthsofFreiligrath,Gutzkow,andAuerbach,respectivelyoneofthemostlyricalpoets,themostpotentdramatist,themostcharmingromancerofGermany:

  and,also,inFrance,ofTheophileGautierandAlfreddeMusset。

  AmongrepresentativesoftheotherartswithtwoofwhichBrowningmusteverbecloselyassociatedMendelssohnandChopinwerebornin1809,andSchumann,Liszt,andWagnerwithinthefoursucceedingyears:

  withinwhichspacealsocameDiazandMeissonierandthegreatMillet。

  Otherhighnamesthereareuponthefrontofthecentury。

  Macaulay,CardinalNewman,JohnStuartMilloneoftheearliest,bytheway,torecognisethegeniusofBrowning,AlexandreDumas,GeorgeSand,VictorHugo,Ampere,Quinet,ProsperMerimee,Sainte-Beuve,Strauss,Montalambert,areamongthelaurel-bearerswhocameintoexistencebetwixt1800and1812。

  WhenRobertBrowningwasborninLondonin1812,Sheridanhadstillfouryearstolive;JeremyBenthamwasattheheightofhiscontemporaryreputation,andGodwinwaswritinggliblyofthevirtuesofhumanityandpractisingtheoppositequalities,whileCrabbewaslookeduponasoneoftheforemostoflivingpoets。

  Wordsworthwasthenforty,SirWalterScottforty-one,Coleridgeforty-two,WalterSavageLandorandCharlesLambeachinhisforty-fifthyear。

  Byronwasfour-and-twenty,Shelleynotyetquiteofage,tworadicallydifferentmen,KeatsandCarlyle,bothyouthsofseventeen。

  Abroad,Laplacewasinhismaturity,withfifteenyearsmoreyettolive;

  Joubertwithtwelve;Goethe,withtwenty;Lamarck,theSchlegels,Cuvier,Chateaubriand,Hegel,Niebuehrtospecifysomeleadingnamesonly,hadmanyyearsofworkbeforethem。Schopenhauerwasonlyfour-and-twenty,whileBerangerwasthirty-two。ThePolishpoetMickiewiczwasaboyoffourteen,andPoushkinwasbutatwelvemontholder;

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