OnthesamedayBonapartesaidagreatdealmoreaboutthetreacheryofEngland.ThegrosscalumniestowhichhewasexposedintheLondonnewspaperspowerfullycontributedtoincreasehisnaturalhatredofthelibertyofthepress;andhewasmuchastonishedthatsuchattackscouldbemadeuponhimbyEnglishsubjectswhenhewasatpeacewiththeEnglishGovernment.
IhadonedayasingularproofoftheimportancewhichBonaparteattachedtotheopinionoftheEnglishpeoplerespectinganymisconductthatwasattributedtohim.WhatIamabouttostatewillaffordanotherexampleofBonaparte’sdispositiontoemploypettyandroundaboutmeanstogainhisends.HegaveaballatMalmaisonwhenHortensewasintheseventhmonthofherpregnancy.
——[ThisreferstothefirstsonofLouisandofHortense，NapoleonCharles，theintendedsuccessorofNapoleon，whowasborn1802，died1807，elderbrotherofNapoleonIII.]——
Ihavealreadymentionedthathedislikedtoseewomeninthatsituation，andaboveallcouldnotenduretoseethemdance.Yet，inspiteofthisantipathy，hehimselfaskedHortensetodanceattheballatMalmaison.
Sheatfirstdeclined，butBonapartewasexceedinglyimportunate，andsaidtoherinatoneofgood—humouredpersuasion，\"Do，Ibegofyou;
Iparticularlywishtoseeyoudance.Come，standup，toobligeme.\"
Hortenseatlastconsented.ThemotiveforthisextraordinaryrequestI
willnowexplain.
OnthedayaftertheballoneofthenewspaperscontainedsomeversesonHortense’sdancing.Shewasexceedinglyannoyedatthis，andwhenthepaperarrivedatMalmaisonsheexpressed，displeasureatit.Evenallowingforallthefacilityofournewspaperwits，shewasneverthelessatalosstounderstandhowthelinescouldhavebeenwrittenandprintedrespectingacircumstancewhichonlyoccurredthenightbefore.
Bonapartesmiled，andgavehernodistinctanswer.WhenHortenseknewthatIwasaloneinthecabinetshecameinandaskedmetoexplainthematter;andseeingnoreasontoconcealthetruth，ItoldherthatthelineshadbeenwrittenbyBonaparte’sdirectionbeforetheballtookplace.Iadded，whatindeedwasthefact，thattheballhadbeenpreparedfortheverses，andthatitwasonlyfortheappropriatenessoftheirapplicationthattheFirstConsulhadpressedhertodance.HeadoptedthisstrangecontrivanceforcontradictinganarticlewhichappearedinanEnglishjournalannouncingthatHortensewasdelivered.
Bonapartewashighlyindignantatthatprematureannouncement，whichheclearlysawwasmadeforthesolepurposeofgivingcredittothescandalousrumoursofhisimputedconnectionwithHortense.Suchwerethepettymachinationswhichnotunfrequentlyfoundtheirplaceinamindinwhichthegrandestschemeswererevolving.
EndofTheMemoirsofNapoleon，V6，1803
byLouisAntoineFauveletdeBourrienneMemoirsofNapoleonBonaparte，V7
byLouisAntoineFauveletdeBourrienneHisPrivateSecretaryEditedbyR.W.PhippsColonel，LateRoyalArtillery1891
CONTENTS：
CHAPTERXIX.toCHAPTERXXVI.1803—1804
CHAPTERXIX.
1803.
Mr.Pitt——Motiveofhisgoingoutofoffice——ErroroftheEnglishGovernment——PretendedregardfortheBourbons——ViolationofthetreatyofAmiens——Reciprocalaccusations——Malta——LordWhitworth’sdeparture——RomeandCarthage——SecretsatisfactionofBonaparte——
MessagetotheSenate，theLegislativeBody，andtheTribunate——
TheKingofEngland’srenunciationofthetitleofKingofFrance——
ComplaintsoftheEnglishGovernment——FrenchagentsinBritishports——ViewsofFranceuponTurkey——ObservationmadebyBonapartetotheLegislativeBody——Itsfalseinterpretation——ConquestofHanover——
TheDukeofCambridgecaricatured——TheKingofEnglandandtheElectorofHanover——Firstaddresstotheclergy——Useoftheword\"Monsieur\"——TheRepublicanweeksandmonths.
OneofthecircumstanceswhichforetoldthebriefdurationofthepeaceofAmienswas，thatMr.Pittwasoutofofficeatthetimeofitsconclusion.ImentionedthistoBonaparte，andIimmediatelyperceivedbyhishasty\"Whatdoyousay？\"thatmyobservationhadbeenheard——butnotliked.Itdidnot，however，requireanyextraordinaryshrewdnesstoseethetruemotiveofMr.Pitt’sretirement.ThatdistinguishedstatesmanconceivedthatatruceunderthenameofapeacewasindispensableforEngland;but，intendingtoresumethewarwithFrancemorefiercelythanever，heforawhileretiredfromoffice，andlefttoothersthetaskofarrangingthepeace;buthisintentionwastomarkhisreturntotheministrybytherenewaloftheimplacablehatredhehadvowedagainstFrance.Still，Ihavealwaysthoughtthattheconclusionofpeace，howevernecessarytoEngland，wasanerroroftheCabinetofLondon.EnglandalonehadneverbeforeacknowledgedanyofthegovernmentswhichhadrisenupinFrancesincetheRevolution;andasthepastcouldnotbeblottedout，afuturewar，howeversuccessfultoEngland，couldnottakefromBonaparte’sGovernmenttheimmenseweightithadacquiredbyanintervalofpeace.Besides，bythemerefactoftheconclusionofthetreatyEnglandprovedtoallEuropethattherestorationoftheBourbonswasmerelyapretext，andshedefacedthatpageofherhistorywhichmighthaveshownthatshewasactuatedbynoblerandmoregeneroussentimentsthanmerehatredofFrance.ItisverycertainthatthecondescensionofEnglandintreatingwiththeFirstConsulhadtheeffectofrallyingroundhimagreatmanypartisansoftheBourbons，whosehopesentirelydependedonthecontinuanceofwarbetweenGreatBritainandFrance.Thisopenedtheeyesofthegreaternumber，namely，thosewhocouldnotseebelowthesurface，andwerenotpreviouslyawarethatthedemonstrationsoffriendshipsoliberallymadetotheBourbonsbytheEuropeanCabinets，andespeciallybyEngland，weremerelyfalsepretences，assumedforthepurposeofdisguising，beneaththesemblanceofhonourablemotives，theirwishtoinjureFrance，andtoopposeherrapidlyincreasingpower.
Whenthemisunderstandingtookplace，FranceandEnglandmighthavemutuallyreproachedeachother，butjusticewasapparentlyonthesideofFrance.ItwasevidentthatEngland，byrefusingtoevacuateMalta，wasguiltyofapalpableinfractionofthetreatyofAmiens，whileEnglandcouldonlyinstituteagainstFrancewhatintheFrenchlawlanguageiscalledasuitorprocessoftendency.ButitmustbeconfessedthatthistendencyonthepartofFrancetoaugmentherterritorywasveryevident，fortheConsulardecreesmadeconquestsmorepromptlythanthesword.
TheunionofPiedmontwithFrancehadchangedthestateofEurope.Thisunion，itistrue，waseffectedpreviouslytothetreatyofAmiens;butitwasnotsowiththestatesofParmaandPiacenza，BonapartehavingbyhissoleauthorityconstitutedhimselftheheiroftheGrandDuke，recentlydeceased.ItmaythereforebeeasilyimaginedhowgreatwasEngland’suneasinessattheinternalprosperityofFranceandtheinsatiableambitionofherruler;butitisnolesscertainthat，withrespecttoMalta，Englandactedwithdecidedlybadfaith;andthisbadfaithappearedinitsworstlightfromthefollowingcircumstance：——
IthadbeenstipulatedthatEnglandshouldwithdrawhertroopsfromMaltathreemonthsafterthesigningofthetreaty，yetmorethanayearhadelapsed，andthetroopswerestillthere.TheorderofMaltawastoberestoredasitformerlywas;thatistosay，itwastobeasovereignandindependentorder，undertheprotectionoftheHolySee.ThethreeCabinetsofVienna，Berlin，andSt.PetersburgweretoguaranteetheexecutionofthetreatyofAmiens.TheEnglishAmbassador，toexcusetheevasionsofhisGovernment，pretendedthattheRussianCabinetconcurredwithEnglandinthedelayedfulfilmentoftheconditionsofthetreaty;
butattheverymomenthewasmakingthatexcuseacourierarrivedfromtheCabinetofSt.Petersburgbearingdespatchescompletely，atvariancewiththeassertionofLordWhitworth.HislordshipleftParisonthenightofthe12thMay1803，andtheEnglishGovernment，unsolicited，sentpassportstotheFrenchembassyinLondon.ThenewsofthissuddenrupturemadetheEnglishconsolefallfourpercent.，butdidnotimmediatelyproducesucharetrogradeeffectontheFrenchfunds，whichwerethenquotedatfifty—fivefrancs;——averyhighpoint，whenitisrecollectedthattheywereatsevenoreightfrancsontheeveofthe18thBrumaire.
InthisstateofthingsFranceproposedtotheEnglishGovernmenttoadmitofthemediationofRussia;butasEnglandhaddeclaredwarinordertorepairtheerrorshecommittedinconcludingpeace，thepropositionwasofcourserejected.ThusthepublicgavetheFirstConsulcreditforgreatmoderationandasincerewishforpeace.ThusarosebetweenEnglandandFranceacontestresemblingthosefuriouswarswhichmarkedthereignsofKingJohnandCharlesVII.OurbeauxespritsdrewsplendidcomparisonsbetweentheexistingstateofthingsandtheancientrivalryofCarthageandRome，andsapientlyconcludedthat，asCarthagefell，Englandmustdosolikewise.
BonapartewasatSt.CloudwhenLordWhitworthleftParis.Afortnightwasspentinuselessattemptstorenewnegotiations.War，therefore，wastheonlyalternative.BeforehemadehisfinalpreparationstheFirstConsuladdressedamessagetotheSenate，theLegislativeBody，andtheTribunate.InthismessagehementionedtherecalloftheEnglishAmbassador，thebreakingoutofhostilities，theunexpectedmessageoftheKingofEnglandtohisParliament，andthearmamentswhichimmediatelyensuedintheBritishports.\"Invain，\"hesaid，\"hadFrancetriedeverymeanstoinduceEnglandtoabidebythetreaty.Shehadrepelledeveryoverture，andincreasedtheinsolenceofherdemands.
France，\"headded，\"willnotsubmittomenaces，butwillcombatforthefaithoftreaties，andthehonouroftheFrenchname，confidentlytrustingthattheresultofthecontestwillbesuchasshehasarighttoexpectfromthejusticeofhercauseandthecourageofherpeople.\"
Thismessagewasdignified，andfreefromthatveinofboastinginwhichBonapartesofrequentlyindulged.ThereplyoftheSenatewasaccompaniedbyavoteofashipoftheline，tobepaidforoutoftheSenatorialsalaries.WithhisusualaddressBonaparte，inactingforhimself，spokeinthenameofthepeople，justashedidinthequestionoftheConsulateforlife.ButwhathethendidforhisownintereststurnedtothefutureinterestsoftheBourbons.Theverytreatywhichhadjustbeenbrokenoffgaverisetoacuriousobservation.Bonaparte，thoughnotyetasovereign，peremptorilyrequiredtheKingofEnglandtorenouncetheemptytitleofKingofFrance，whichwaskeptupasiftoimplythatoldpretensionswerenotyetrenounced.Thepropositionwasaccededto，andtothiscircumstancewasowingthedisappearanceofthetitleofKingofFrancefromamongthetitlesoftheKingofEngland，whenthetreatyofPariswasconcludedonthereturnoftheBourbons.
ThefirstgrievancecomplainedofbyEnglandwastheprohibitionofEnglishmerchandise，whichhadbeenmorerigidsincethepeacethanduringthewar.TheavowalofGreatBritainonthispointmightwellhaveenabledhertodispensewithanyothersubjectofcomplaint;forthetruthis，shewasalarmedattheaspectofourinternalprosperity，andattheimpulsegiventoourmanufactures.TheEnglishGovernmenthadhopedtoobtainfromtheFirstConsulsuchacommercialtreatyaswouldhaveprovedadeath—blowtoourrisingtrade;butBonaparteopposedthis，andfromtheverycircumstanceofhisrefusalhemighteasilyhaveforeseentheruptureatwhichheaffectedtobesurprised.WhatIstateIfeltatthetime，whenIreadwithgreatinterestallthedocumentsrelativetothisgreatdisputebetweenthetworivalnations，whichelevenyearsafterwardswasdecidedbeforethewallsofParis.
ItwasevidentlydisappointmentinregardtoacommercialtreatywhichcreatedtheanimosityoftheEnglishGovernment，asthatcircumstancewasalludedto，bywayofreproach，intheKingofEngland’sdeclaration.
InthatdocumentitwascomplainedthatFrancehadsentanumberofpersonaintotheportsofGreatBritainandIrelandinthecharacterofcommercialagents，whichcharacter，andtheprivilegesbelongingtoit，theycouldonlyhaveacquiredbyacommercialtreaty.Suchwas，inmyopinion，therealcauseofthecomplaintsofEngland;butasitwouldhaveseemedtooabsurdtomakeitthegroundofadeclarationofwar，sheenumeratedothergrievances，viz.，theunionofPiedmontandofthestatesofParmaandPiacenzawithFrance，andthecontinuanceoftheFrenchtroopsinHolland.AgreatdealwassaidabouttheviewsandprojectsofFrancewithrespecttoTurkey，andthiscomplaintoriginatedinGeneralSebastiani’smissiontoEgypt.OnthatpointIcantakeuponmetosaythattheEnglishGovernmentwasnotmisinformed.BonapartetoofrequentlyspoketoareofhisideasrespectingtheEast，andhisprojectofattackingtheEnglishpowerinIndia，toleaveanydoubtofhiseverhavingrenouncedthem.TheresultofallthereproacheswhichthetwoGovernmentsaddressedtoeachotherwas，thatneitheractedwithgoodfaith.
TheFirstConsul，inacommunicationtotheLegislativeBodyonthestateofFranceandonherforeignrelations;hadsaid，\"England，single—
handed，cannotcopewithFrance.\"ThissufficedtoirritatethesusceptibilityofEnglishpride，andtheBritishCabinetaffectedtoregarditasathreat.However，itwasnosuchthing.WhenBonapartethreatened，hiswordswereinfinitelymoreenergetic.ThepassageabovecitedwasmerelyauassurancetoFrance;andifweonlylookatthepasteffortsandsacrificesmadebyEnglandtostirupenemiestoFranceontheContinent，wemaybejustifiedinsupposingthatherangeratBonaparte’sdeclarationarosefromaconvictionofitstruth.SinglyopposedtoFrance，Englandcoulddoubtlesshavedonehermuchharm，especiallybyassailingthescatteredremnantsofhernavy;butshecouldhavedonenothingagainstFranceontheContinent.Thetwopowers，unaidedbyallies，mighthavecontinuedlongatwarwithoutanyconsiderableactsofhostility.
ThefirsteffectofthedeclarationofwarbyEnglandwastheinvasionofHanoverbytheFrenchtroopsunderGeneralMortier.ThetelegraphicdespatchbywhichthisnewswascommunicatedtoPariswasaslaconicascorrect，andcontained，inafewwords，thecompletehistoryoftheexpedition.Itranasfollows：\"TheFrencharemastersoftheElectorateofHanover，andtheenemy’sarmyaremadeprisonersofwar.\"Adayortwoaftertheshopwindowsoftheprint—sellerswerefilledwithcaricaturesontheEnglish，andparticularlyontheDukeofCambridge.
IrecollectseeingoneinwhichtheDukewasrepresentedreviewinghistroopsmountedonacrab.Imentionthesetriflesbecause，asIwasthenlivingentirelyatleisure，intheRueHauteville，IusedfrequentlytotakeastrollontheBoulevards，whereIwassometimesmuchamusedwiththeseprints;andIcouldnothelpremarking，thatinlargecitiessuchtriffleshavemoreinfluenceonthepublicmindthanisusuallysupposed.
TheFirstConsulthoughtthetakingoftheprisonersinHanoveragoodopportunitytoexchangethemforthosetakenfromusbytheEnglishnavy.
Apropositiontothiseffectwasaccordinglymade;buttheEnglishCabinetwasofopinionthat，thoughtheKingofEnglandwasalsoElectorofHanover，yettherewasnoidentitybetweenthetwoGovernments，ofbothwhichGeorgeIII.wasthehead.Inconsequenceofthissubtledistinctionthepropositionfortheexchangeofprisonersfelltotheground.AtthisperiodnothingcouldexceedtheanimosityofthetwoGovernmentstowardseachother，andBonaparte，onthedeclarationofwar，markedhisindignationbyanactwhichnoconsiderationcanjustify;
IalludetotheorderforthearrestofalltheEnglishinFrance——
atrulybarbariousmeasure;for;cananythingbemorecruelandunjustthantovisitindividualswiththevengeanceduetotheGovernmentwhosesubjectstheymayhappentobe？ButBonaparte，whenundertheinfluenceofauger，wasnevertroubledbyscruples.
ImustherenoticethefulfilmentofaremarkBonaparteoftenmade，useoftomeduringtheConsulate.\"Youshallsee，Bourrienne，\"hewouldsay，\"whatuseIwillmakeofthepriests.\"
Warbeingdeclared，theFirstConsul，inimitationofthemostChristiankingsofoldentimes，recommendedthesuccessofhisarmstotheprayersofthefaithfulthroughthemediumoftheclergy.Tothisendheaddressedacircularletter，writteninroyalstyle，totheCardinals，Archbishops，andBishopsofFrance.
Itwasasfollows：
MONSIEUR——ThemotivesofthepresentwarareknownthroughoutEurope.ThebadfaithoftheKingofEngland，whohasviolatedhistreatiesbyrefusingtorestoreMaltatotheorderofSt.JohnofJerusalem，andattackedourmerchantvesselswithoutapreviousdeclarationofwar，togetherwiththenecessityofajustdefence，forcedustohaverecoursetoarms.Ithereforewishyoutoorderprayerstobeofferedup，inordertoobtainthebenedictionofHeavenonourenterprises.TheproofsIhavereceivedofyourzealforthepublicservicegivemeanassuranceofyourreadinesstoconformwithmywishes.
GivenatSt.Cloud，18Prairial，anXI.（7thJune1803）.
（Signed）BONAPARTE.
Thisletterwasremarkableinmorethanonerespect.Itastonishedmostofhisoldbrothers—in—arms，whoturneditintoridicule;observingthatBonaparteneedednoprayingtoenablehimtoconquerItalytwiceover.
TheFirstConsul，however，letthemlaughon，andsteadilyfollowedthelinehehadtracedout.HisletterwasadmirablycalculatedtopleasetheCourtofRome，whichhewishedshouldconsiderhiminthelightofanothereldersonoftheChurch.Theletterwas，moreover，remarkablefortheuseoftheword\"Monsieur，\"whichtheFirstConsulnowemployedforthefirsttimeinanactdestinedforpublicity.ThiscircumstancewouldseemtoindicatethatheconsideredRepublicandesignationsincompatiblewiththeformsduetotheclergy：theclergywereespeciallyinterestedintherestorationofmonarchy.Itmay，perhaps，bethoughtthatIdwelltoomuchontrifles;butIlivedlongenoughinBonaparte’sconfidencetoknowtheimportanceheattachedtotrifles.TheFirstConsulrestoredtheoldnamesofthedaysoftheweek，whileheallowedthenamesofthemonths，assetdownintheRepublicancalendar，toremain.HecommencedbyorderingtheMoniteurtobedated\"Saturday，\"
suchadayof\"Messidor.\"\"See，\"saidheoneday，\"wasthereeversuchaninconsistency？Weshallbelaughedat！ButIwilldoawaywiththeMessidor.IwilleffacealltheinventionsoftheJacobins.\"
TheclergydidnotdisappointtheexpectationsoftheFirstConsul.Theyowedhimmuchalready，andhopedforstillmorefromhim.ThelettertotheBishops，etc.，wasthesignalforanumberofcircularsfullofeulogiesonBonaparte.
ThesecomplimentswerefarfromdispleasingtotheFirstConsul，whohadnoobjectiontoflatterythoughhedespisedthosewhomeanlymadethemselvesthemediumofconveyingittohim.DuroconcetoldmethattheyhadallgreatdifficultyinpreservingtheirgravitywhenthecureofaparishinAbbevilleaddressedBonaparteonedaywhilehewasonhisjourneytothecoast.\"Religion，\"saidtheworthycure，withpompoussolemnity，\"owestoyouallthatitis，weowetoyouallthatweare;
andI，too，owetoyouallthatIam.\"
——[NotsofulsomeassomeofthetermsusedayearlaterwhenNapoleonwasmadeEmperor.\"IamwhatIam，\"wasplacedoveraseatpreparedfortheEmperor.Onephrase，\"GodmadeNapoleonandthenrested，\"drewfromNarbonnethesneerthatitwouldhavebeenbetteriftheDeityhadrestedsooner.\"Bonaparte，\"saysJosephdeMaistre，\"hashadhimselfdescribedinhispapersasthe’MessengerofGod.’Nothingmoretrue.Bonapartecomesstraightfromheaven，likeathunderbolt.’（Saints—Benve，Caureries，tomeiv.p.203.]
CHAPTERXX.
1803.
PresentationofPrinceBorghesetoBonaparte——DepartureforBelgiumRevivalofaroyalcustom——TheswansofAmiens——ChangeofformulaintheactsofGovernment——CompanyofperformersinBonaparte’ssuite——Revivalofoldcustoms——Divisionoftheinstituteintofourclasses——Scienceandliterature——Bonaparte’shatredofliterarymen——Ducis——BernardindeSaint—Pierre——ChenierandLemercier——
ExplanationofBonaparte’saversiontoliterature——Lalandeandhisdictionary——EducationinthehandsofGovernment——M.deRoquelaure，ArchbishopofMalines.
InthemonthofApril1803PrinceBorghese，whowasdestinedonedaytobecomeBonaparte’sbrother—in—lawbymarryingthewidowofLeclerc，wasintroducedtotheFirstConsulbyCardinalCaprara.
AbouttheendofJuneBonaparteproceeded，withJosephine，onhisjourneytoBelgiumandtheseaboarddepartments.Manycuriouscircumstanceswereconnectedwiththisjourney，ofwhichIwasinformedbyDurocaftertheFirstConsul’sreturn.BonaparteleftParisonthe24thofJune，andalthoughitwasnotforupwardsofayearafterwardsthathisbrowwasencircledwiththeimperial—diadem，everythingconnectedwiththejourneyhadanimperialair.Itwasformerlythecustom，whentheKingsofFranceenteredtheancientcapitalofPicardy，forthetownofAmienstooffertheminhomagesomebeautifulswans.Carewastakentorevivethiscustom，whichpleasedBonapartegreatly，becauseitwastreatinghimlikeaKing.Theswanswereaccepted，andsenttoParistobeplacedinthebasinoftheTuileries，inordertoshowtheParisianstheroyalhomagewhichtheFirstConsulreceivedwhenabsentfromthecapital.
ItwasalsoduringthisjourneythatBonapartebegantodatehisdecreesfromtheplacesthroughwhichhepassed.HehadhithertoleftagreatnumberofsignaturesinParis，inorderthathemightbepresent，asitwere，evenduringhisabsence，bytheactsofhisGovernment.HithertopublicactshadbeensignedinthenameoftheConsulsoftheRepublic.
Insteadofthisformula，hesubstitutedthenameoftheGovernmentoftheRepublic.Bymeansofthisvariation，unimportantasitmightappear，theGovernmentwasalwaysintheplacewheretheFirstConsulhappenedtobe.ThetwootherConsulswerenowmerenullities，eveninappearance.
ThedecreesoftheGovernment，whichCambaceressignedduringthecampaignofMarengo，werenowissuedfromallthetownsofFranceandBelgiumwhichtheFirstConsulvisitedduringhissixweeks’journey.
HavingthuscentredthesoleauthorityoftheRepublicinhimself，theperformersofthetheatreoftheRepublicbecame，byanaturalconsequence，his;anditwasquitenaturalthattheyshouldtravelinhissuite，toentertaintheinhabitantsofthetownsinwhichhestoppedbytheirperformances.Butthiswasnotall.Heencouragedtherenewalofahostofancientcustoms.HesanctionedtherevivalofthefestivalofJoanofArcatOrleans，andhedividedtheInstituteintofourclasses，withtheintentionofrecallingtherecollectionoftheoldacademies，thenamesofwhich，however，herejected，inspiteofthewishesandintriguesofSuardandtheAbbyMorellet，whohadgainedoverLucienuponthispoint.
However，theFirstConsuldidnotgivetotheclassesoftheInstitutetherankwhichtheyformerlypossessedasacademies.Heplacedtheclassofsciencesinthefirstrank，andtheoldFrenchAcademyinthesecondrank.Itmustbeacknowledgedthat，consideringthestateofliteratureandscienceatthatperiod，theFirstConsuldidnotmakeawrongestimateoftheirimportance.
AlthoughtheliteratureofFrancecouldboastofmanymenofgreattalent，suchasLaHarpe，whodiedduringtheConsulate，Ducis，BernardindeSaint—Pierre，Chenier，andLemercier，yettheycouldnotbecomparedwithLagrange，Laplace，Monge，Fourcroy，Berthollet，andCuvier，whoselabourshavesoprodigiouslyextendedthelimitsofhumanknowledge.Noone，therefore，couldmurmuratseeingtheclassofsciencesintheInstitutetakeprecedenceofitseldersister.Besides，theFirstConsulwasnotsorrytoshow，bythisarrangement，theslightestimationinwhichheheldliterarymen.Whenhespoketomerespectingthemhecalledthemmeremanufacturersofphrases.Hecouldnotpardonthemforexcellinghiminapursuitinwhichhehadnoclaimtodistinction.
IneverknewamanmoreinsensiblethanBonapartetothebeautiesofpoetryorprose.Acertaindegreeofvagueness，whichwascombinedwithhisenergyofmind，ledhimtoadmirethedreamsofOssian，andhisdecidedcharacterfounditself，asitwere，representedintheelevatedthoughtsofCorneille.HencehisalmostexclusivepredilectionforthesetwoauthorsWiththisexception，thefinestworksinourliteraturewereinhisopinionmerelyarrangementsofsonorouswords，voidofsense，andcalculatedonlyfortheear.
Bonaparte’scontempt，or，moreproperlyspeaking，hisdislikeofliterature，displayeditselfparticularlyinthefeelinghecherishedtowardssomemenofdistinguishedliterarytalent.HehatedChenier，andDucisstillmore.HecouldnotforgiveChenierfortheRepublicanprincipleswhichpervadedhistragedies;andDucisexcitedinhim;asifinstinctively，aninvoluntaryhatred.Ducis，onhispart，wasnotbackwardinreturningtheConsul’sanimosity，andIrememberhiswritingsomeverseswhichwereinexcusablyviolent，andoversteppedalltheboundsoftruth.Bonapartewassosingularacompositionofgoodandbadthattodescribehimashewasunderoneorotheroftheseaspectswouldserveforpanegyricorsatirewithoutanydeparturefromtruth.
BonapartewasveryfondofBernardinSaint—Pierre’sromanceof’PaulandVirginia’，whichhehadreadinhisboyhood.Irememberthatheonedaytriedtoread’LesetudesdelaNature’，butattheexpirationofaquarterofanhourhethrewdownthebook，exclaiming，\"Howcananyonereadsuchsillystuffy.Itisinsipidandvapid;thereisnothinginit.
Thesearethedreamsofavisionary！Whatisnature？Thethingisvagueandunmeaning.Menandpassionsarethesubjectstowriteabout——thereissomethingthereforstudy.Thesefellowsaregoodfornothingunderanygovernment.Iwill，however，givethempensions，becauseIoughttodoso，asHeadoftheState.Theyoccupyandamusetheidle.IwillmakeLagrangeaSenator——hehasahead.\"
AlthoughBonapartespokesodisdainfullyofliterarymenitmustnotbetakenforgrantedthathetreatedthemill.Onthecontrary，allthosewhovisitedatMalmaisonweretheobjectsofhisattention，andevenflattery.M.Lemercierwasoneofthosewhocamemostfrequently，andwhomBonapartereceivedwiththegreatestpleasure.BonapartetreatedM.Lemercierwithgreatkindness;buthedidnotlikehim.Hischaracterasaliterarymanandpoet，joinedtoapolishedfrankness，andamildbutinflexiblespiritofrepublicanism，amplysufficedtoexplainBonaparte’sdislike.HefearedM.Lemercierandhispen;and，ashappenedmorethanonce，heplayedthepartofaparasitebyflatteringthewriter.M.LemercierwastheonlymanIknewwhorefusedthecrossoftheLegionofHonour.
Bonaparte’sgeneraldislikeofliterarymenwaslesstheresultofprejudicethancircumstances.Inordertoappreciateoreventoreadliteraryworkstimeisrequsite，andtimewassoprecioustohimthathewouldhavewished，asonemaysay，toshortenastraightline.Helikedonlythosewriterswhodirectedtheirattentiontopositiveandprecisethings，whichexcludedallthoughtsofgovernmentandcensuresonadministration.Helookedwithajealouseyeonpoliticaleconomistsandlawyers;inshort，asallpersonswhoinanywaywhatevermeddledwithlegislationandmoralimprovements.HishatredofdiscussionsonthosesubjectswasstronglydisplayedontheoccasionoftheclassificationoftheInstitute.Whilsthepermittedthereassemblingofaliteraryclass，tothenumberofforty，asformerly，hesuppressedtheclassofmoralandpoliticalscience.Suchwashispredilectionforthingsofimmediateandcertainutilitythateveninthescienceshefavouredonlysuchasappliedtoterrestrialobjects.HenevertreatedLalandewithsomuchdistinctionasMongeandLagrange.Astronomicaldiscoveriescouldnotadddirectlytohisowngreatness;and，besides，hecouldneverforgiveLalandeforhavingwishedtoincludehiminadictionaryofatheistspreciselyatthemomentwhenhewasopeningnegotiationswiththecourtofRome.
Bonapartewishedtobethesolecentreofaworldwhichhebelievedhewascalledtogovern.WiththisviewheneverrelaxedinhisconstantendeavourtoconcentratethewholepowersoftheStateinthehandsofitsChief.Hisconductuponthesubjectoftherevivalofpublicinstructionaffordsevidenceofthisfact.Hewishedtoestablish6000
bursaries，tobepaidbyGovernment，andtobeexclusivelyathisdisposal，sothatthuspossessingthemonopolyofeducation，hecouldhaveparcelleditoutonlytothechildrenofthosewhowereblindlydevotedtohim.ThiswaswhattheFirstConsulcalledtherevivalofpublicinstruction.Duringtheperiodofmyclosestintimacywithhimheoftenspoketomeonthissubject，andlistenedpatientlytomyobservations.Irememberthatoneofhischiefargumentswasthis：
\"Whatisitthatdistinguishesmen？Education——isitnot？Well，ifthechildrenofnoblesbeadmittedintotheacademies，theywillbeaswelleducatedasthechildrenoftherevolution，whocomposethestrengthofmygovernment.Ultimatelytheywillenterintomyregimentsasofficers，andwillnaturallycomeincompetitionwiththosewhomtheyregardastheplunderersoftheirfamilies.Idonotwishthat！\"
MyrecollectionshavecausedmetowanderfromthejourneyoftheFirstConsulandMadameBonapartetotheseaborddepartmentsandBelgium.
Ihave，however，littletoaddtowhatIhavealreadystatedonthesubject.ImerelyrememberthatBonaparte’smilitarysuite，andLauristonandRappinparticular，whenspeakingtomeaboutthejourney，couldnotconcealsomemarksofdiscontentonaccountofthegreatrespectwhichBonapartehadshowntheclergy，andparticularlytoM.deRoquelaure，theArchbishopofMalines（orMechlin）.Thatprelate，whowasashrewdman，andhadthereputationofhavingbeeninhisyouthmoreaddictedtothehabitsoftheworldthantothoseofthecloister，hadbecomeanecclesiasticalcourtier.HewenttoAntwerptopayhishomagetotheFirstConsul，uponwhomheheapedthemostextravagantpraises.
Afterwards，addressingMadameBonaparte，hetoldherthatshewasunitedtotheFirstConsulbythesacredbondsofaholyalliance.Inthisharangue，inwhichunctionwassingularlyblendedwithgallantry，surelyitwasadeparturefromecclesiasticalproprietytospeakofsacredbondsandholyalliancewheneveryoneknewthatthosebondsandthatallianceexistedonlybyacivilcontract.PerhapsM.deRoquelauremerelyhadrecoursetowhatcasuistscallapiousfraudinordertoengagethemarriedcoupletodothatwhichhecongratulatedthemonhavingalreadydone.Bethisasitmay，itiscertainthatthishoneyedlanguagegainedM.deRoquelauretheConsul’sfavour，andinashorttimeafterhewasappointedtothesecondclassoftheInstitute.
CHAPTERXXI.
1804.
TheTemple——TheintriguesofEurope——PreludetotheContinentalsystem——BombardmentofGranville——MyconversationwiththeFirstConsulontheprojectedinvasionofEngland——FaucheBorel——MoreauandPichegru——Fouche’smanoeuvres——TheAbbeDavidandLajolais——
Fouche’svisittoSt.Cloud——RegnieroutwittedbyFouche——
MyinterviewwiththeFirstConsul——HisindignationatthereportsrespectingHortense——Contradictionofthesecalumnies——ThebrothersFaucher——Theirexecution——TheFirstConsul’slevee——MyconversationwithDuroc——ConspiracyofGeorges，Moreau，andPichegru——MoreauaversetotherestorationoftheBourbons——BouvetdeLozier’sattemptedsuicide——ArrestofMoreau——DeclarationofMM.dePolignacanddeRiviere——Connivanceofthepolice——ArrestofM.Carbonnetandhisnephew.
ThetimewaspassedwhenBonaparte，justraisedtotheConsulate，onlyproceededtotheTempletoreleasethevictimsofthe\"Loidessuspects\"
byhissoleandimmediateauthority.Thisstateprisonwasnowtobefilledbytheordersofhispolice.AlltheintriguesofEuropewereinmotion.EmissariescamedailyfromEngland，who，iftheycouldnotpenetrateintotheinteriorofFrance，remainedinthetownsnearthefrontiers，wheretheyestablishedcorrespondence，andpublishedpamphlets，whichtheysenttoParisbypost，intheformofletters.
TheFirstConsul，ontheotherhand，gaveway，withoutreserve，tothenaturalirritationwhichthatpowerhadexcitedbyherdeclarationofwar.HeknewthatthemosteffectivewarhecouldcarryonagainstEnglandwouldbeawaragainsthertrade.
Asapreludetothatpieceofmadness，knownbythenameoftheContinentalsystem，theFirstConsuladoptedeverypossiblepreventivemeasureagainsttheintroductionofEnglishmerchandise.Bonaparte’sirritationagainsttheEnglishwasnotwithoutacause.TheintelligencewhichreachedParisfromthenorthofFrancewasnotveryconsolatory.
TheEnglishfleetsnotonlyblockadedtheFrenchports，butwereactingontheoffensive，andhadbombardedGranville.Themayorofthetowndidhisduty，buthiscolleagues，moreprudent，acteddifferently.IntheheightofhisdispleasureBonaparteissuedadecree，bywhichhebestowedascarfofhonouronLetourneur，themayor，anddismissedhiscolleaguesfromofficeascowardsunworthyoftrust.Thetermsofthisdecreewererathersevere，buttheywerecertainlyjustifiedbytheconductofthosewhohadabandonedtheirpostsatscriticalmoment.
IcomenowtothesubjectoftheinvasionofEngland，andwhattheFirstConsulsaidtomerespectingit.IhavestatedthatBonaparteneverhadanyideaofrealisingthepretendedprojectofadescentonEngland.ThetruthofthisassertionwillappearfromaconversationwhichIhadwithhimafterhereturnedfromhisjourneytothenorth.Inthisconversationherepeatedwhathehadoftenbeforementionedtomeinreferencetotheprojectsandpossiblestepstowhichfortunemightcompelhimtoresort.
ThepeaceofAmienshadbeenbrokenaboutsevenmonthswhen，onthe15thofDecember1803，theFirstConsulsentformetotheTuileries.Hisincomprehensiblebehaviourtomewasfreshinmymind;andasitwasupwardsofayearsinceIhadseenhim，IconfessIdidnotfeelquiteateasewhenIreceivedthesummons.HewasperfectlyawarethatI
possesseddocumentsanddataforwritinghishistorywhichwoulddescribefactscorrectly，anddestroytheillusionswithwhichhisflatterersconstantly，entertainedthepublic.IhavealreadystatedthatatthatperiodIhadnointentionofthekind;butthosewholabouredconstantlytoincensehimagainstmemighthavesuggestedapprehensionsonthesubject.Atalleventsthefactis，thatwhenhesentformeItooktheprecautionofprovidingmyselfwithanight—cap，conceivingittobeverylikelythatIshouldbesenttosleepatVincennes.OnthedayappointedfortheinterviewRappwasonduty.Ididnotconcealfromhimmyopinionastothepossibleresultofmyvisit.\"Youneednotbeafraid，\"
saidRapp;\"theFirstConsulmerelywishestotalkwithyou.\"Hethenannouncedme.
BonapartecameintothegrandsalonwhereIawaitedhim，andaddressingmeinthemostgood—humouredwaysaid，\"WhatdothegossipssayofmypreparationsfortheinvasionofEngland？\"——\"Thereisagreatdifferenceofopiniononthesubject，General，\"Ireplied.\"Everyonespeaksaccordingtohisownviews.Suchet，forinstance，whocomestoseemeveryoften，hasnodoubtthatitwilltakeplace，andhopestogiveyouontheoccasionfreshproofsofhisgratitudeandfidelity.\"——\"ButSuchettellsmethatyoudonotbelieveitwillbeattempted.\"——\"Thatistrue，I
certainlydonot.\"——\"Why？\"——\"BecauseyoutoldmeatAntwerp，fiveyearsago，thatyouwouldnotriskFranceonthecastofadie——thattheadventurewastoohazardous——andcircumstanceshavenotalteredsincethattime.\"——\"Youareright.ThosewholookforwardtotheinvasionofEnglandareblockheads.Theydonotseetheaffairinitstruelight.
Ican，doubtless，landinEnglandwith100，000men.Agreatbattlewillbefought，whichIshallgain;butImustreckonupon30，000menkilled，wounded，andprisoners.IfImarchonLondon，asecondbattlemustbefought.Iwillsupposemyselfagainvictorious;butwhatshouldIdoinLondonwithanarmydiminishedthree—fourthsandwithoutthehopeofreinforcements？Itwouldbemadness.Untilournavyacquiressuperiorityitisuselesstothinkofsuchaproject.Thegreatassemblageoftroopsinthenorthhasanotherobject.MyGovernmentmustbethefirstintheworld，oritmustfall.\"BonapartethenevidentlywishedittobesupposedthatheentertainedthedesignofinvadingEnglandinordertodiverttheattentionofEuropetothatdirection.
FromDunkirktheFirstConsulproceededtoAntwerp，wherealsohehadassembledexperiencedmentoascertaintheiropinionsrespectingthesurestwayofattemptingalanding，theprojectofwhichwasmerelyapretence.Theemploymentoflargeshipsofwas，afterrangdiscussions，abandonedinfavourofaflotilla.
——[Atthisperiodacaricature（byGillray）appearedinLondon.
whichwassenttoParis，andstrictlysoughtafterbythepolice.
OneofthecopieswasshowntotheFirstConsul，whowashighlyindignantatit.TheFrenchfleetwasrepresentedbyanumberofnut—shells.AnEnglishsailor，seatedonarock，wasquietlysmokinghispipe，thewhiffsofwhichwerethrowingthewholesquadronintodisorder.——Bourrienne.Gillray’scaricaturesshouldbeatthereader’ssideduringtheperusalofthiswork，alsoEnglishCaricatureandSatireonNapoleonI.，byJ.AshtonChatto：
andWindus，1884.]——
AftervisitingBelgium，andgivingdirectionsthere，theFirstConsulreturnedfromBrusselstoParisbywayofMaestricht，Liege，andSoissons.
BeforemyvisittotheTuileries，andevenbeforetheruptureofthepeaceofAmiens，certainintriguingspeculators，whoseextravagantzealwasnotlessfataltothecauseoftheBourbonsthanwastheblindsubserviencyofhisunprincipledadherentstotheFirstConsul，hadtakenpartinsomeunderhandmanoeuvreswhichcouldhavenofavourableresult.
Amongstthesegreatcontriversofpettymachinationsthewell—knownFaucheBorel，thebooksellerofNeufchatel，hadlongbeenconspicuous.
FaucheBorel，whoseobjectwastocreateastir，andwhowishednothingbetterthantobenoticedandpaid，failednottocometoFranceassoonasthepeaceofAmiensaffordedhimtheopportunity.IwasatthattimestillwithBonaparte，whowasawareofalltheselittleplots，butwhofeltnopersonalanxietyonthesubject，leavingtohispolicethecareofwatchingtheirauthors.
TheobjectofFaucheBorel’smissionwastobringaboutareconciliationbetweenMoreauandPichegru.Thelattergeneral，whowasbanishedonthe18thFructidor4th（September1797），hadnotobtainedtheFirstConsul’spermissiontoreturntoFrance.HelivedinEngland，whereheawaitedafavourableopportunityforputtinghisoldprojectsintoexecution.
MoreauwasinPains，butnolongerappearedattheleveesorpartiesoftheFirstConsul，andtheenmityofbothgeneralsagainstBonaparte，openlyavowedonthepartofPichegru;andstilldisguisedbyMoreau，wasasecrettonobody.ButaseverythingwasprosperouswithBonaparteheevincedcontemptratherthanfearofthetwogenerals.Hisapprehensionswere，indeed，tolerablyallayedbytheabsenceoftheoneandthecharacteroftheother.Moreau’snamehadgreaterweightwiththearmythanthatofPichegru;andthosewhowereplottingtheoverthrowoftheConsularGovernmentknewthatthatmeasurecouldnotbeattemptedwithanychanceofsuccesswithouttheassistanceofMoreau.Themomentwasinopportune;but，beinginitiatedinsomesecretsoftheBritishCabinet，theyknewthatthepeacewasbutatruce，andtheydeterminedtoprofitbythattrucetoeffectareconciliationwhichmightafterwardssecureacommunityofinterests.MoreauandPichegruhadnotbeenfriendssinceMoreausenttotheDirectorythepapersseizedinM.deKlinglin’scarriage，whichplacedPichegru’streasoninsoclearalight.SincethatperiodPichegru’snamepossessednoinfluenceoverthemindsofthesoldiers，amongstwhomhehadveryfewpartisans，whilstthenameofMoreauwasdeartoallwhohadconqueredunderhiscommand.
FaucheBorel’sdesignwastocompromiseMoreauwithoutbringinghimtoanydecisivestep.Moreau’snaturalindolence，andperhapsitmaybesaidhisgoodsense，inducedhimtoadoptthemaximthatitwasnecessarytoletmenandthingstaketheircourse;fortemporizingpolicyisoftenasusefulinpoliticsasinwar.Besides，MoreauwasasincereRepublican;andifhishabitofindecisionhadpermittedhimtoadoptanyresolution，itisquitecertainthathewouldnotthenhaveassistedinthereestablishmentoftheBourbons，asPichegruwished.
WhatIhavestatedisanindispensableintroductiontotheknowledgeofplotsofmoreimportancewhichprecededthegreateventthatmarkedthecloseoftheConsulship：IalludetotheconspiracyofGeorges，Cadoudal，Moreau，andPichegru，andthatindeliblestainonthecharacterofNapoleon，——thedeathoftheDucd’Enghien.DifferentopinionshavebeenexpressedconcerningGeorges’conspiracy.Ishallnotcontradictanyofthem.IwillrelatewhatIlearnedandwhatIsaw，inordertothrowsomelightonthathorribleaffair.IamfarfrombelievingwhatIhavereadinmanyworks，thatitwasplannedbythepoliceinordertopavetheFirstConsul’swaytothethrone.Ithinkthatitwascontrivedbythosewhowerereallyinterestedinit，andencouragedbyFoucheinordertopreparehisreturntooffice.
TocorroboratemyopinionrespectingFouche’sconductandhismanoeuvresImustremindthereaderthataboutthecloseof1803somepersonsconceivedtheprojectofreconcilingMoreauandPichegru.Fouche，whowasthenoutoftheMinistry，causedMoreautobevisitedbymenofhisownparty，andwhowereinduced，perhapsunconsciously，byFouche’sart，toinfluenceandirritatethegeneral’smind.ItwasatfirstintendedthattheAbbeDavid，themutualfriendofMoreauandPichegru，shouldundertaketoeffecttheirreconciliation;buthe，beingarrestedandconfinedintheTemple，wassucceededbyamannamedLajolais，whomeverycircumstanceprovestohavebeenemployedbyFouche.HeproceededtoLondon，and，havingprevailedonPichegruandhisfriendstoreturntoFrance，hesetofftoannouncetheirarrivalandarrangeeverythingfortheirreceptionanddestruction.Moreau’sdiscontentwasthesolefoundationofthisintrigue.Irememberthatoneday，abouttheendofJanuary1804，IcalledonFouche，whoinformedmethathehadbeenatSt.
Cloud，wherehehadhadalongconversationwiththeFirstConsulonthesituationofaffairs.Bonapartetoldhimthathewassatisfiedwiththeexistingpolice，andhintedthatitwasonlytomakehimselfofconsequencethathehadgivenafalsecolouringtothepicture.FoucheaskedhimwhathewouldsayifhetoldhimthatGeorgesandPichegruhadbeenforsometimeinPariscarryingontheconspiracyofwhichhehadreceivedinformation.TheFirstConsul，apparentlydelightedatwhatheconceivedtobeFouche’smistake，said，withanairofcontempt，\"Youarewellinformed，truly！RegnierhasjustreceivedaletterfromLondonstatingthatPichegrudinedthreedaysagoatKingstonwithoneoftheKingofEngland’sministers.\"
AsFouche，however，persistedinhisassertion，theFirstConsulsenttoParisfortheGrandJudge，Regnier，whoshowedFouchetheletterhehadreceived.TheFirstConsultriumphedatfirsttoseeFoucheatfault;
butthelattersoclearlyprovedthatGeorgesandPichegruwereactuallyinParisthatRegnierbegantofearhehadbeenmisledbyhisagents，whomhisrivalpaidbetterthanhedid.TheFirstConsul，convincedthathisoldministerknewmorethanhisnewone，dismissedRegnier，andremainedalongtimeinconsultationwithFouche，whoonthatoccasionsaidnothingabouthisreinstatementforfearofexcitingsuspicion.
HeonlyrequestedthatthemanagementofthebusinessmightbeentrustedtoReal，withorderstoobeywhateverinstructionshemightreceivefromhim.IwillreturnhereaftertothearrestofMoreauandtheotherpersonsaccused，andwillnowsubjointheaccountofalonginterviewwhichIhadwithBonaparteinthemidstoftheseimportantevents.
Onthe8thofMarch1804，sometimeafterthearrestbutbeforethetrialofGeneralMoreau，IhadanaudienceoftheFirstConsul，whichwasunsoughtonmypart.Bonaparte，afterputtingseveralunimportantquestionstomeastowhatIwasdoing，whatIexpectedheshoulddoforme，andassuringmethathewouldbearmeinmind，gaveasuddenturntotheconversation，andsaid，\"Bytheby，thereportofmyconnectionwithHortenseisstillkeptup：themostabominablerumourshavebeenspreadastoherfirstchild.IthoughtatthetimethatthesereportshadonlybeenadmittedbythepublicinconsequenceofthegreatdesirethatI
shouldnotbechildless.SinceyouandIseparatedhaveyouheardthemrepeated？\"——\"Yes，General，oftentimes;andIconfessIcouldnothavebelievedthatthiscalumnywouldhaveexistedsolong.\"——\"Itistrulyfrightfultothinkof！Youknowthetruth——youhaveseenall——heardall——nothingcouldhavepassedwithoutyourknowledge;youwereinherfullconfidenceduringthetimeofherattachmenttoDuroc.Ithereforeexpect，ifyoushouldeverwriteanythingaboutme，thatyouwillclearmefromthisinfamousimputation.Iwouldnothaveitaccompanymynametoposterity.Itrustinyou.Youhavenevergivencredittothehorridaccusation？\"——\"No，General，never.\"NapoleonthenenteredintoanumberofdetailsonthepreviouslifeofHortense;onthewayinwhichsheconductedherself，andontheturnwhichhermarriagehadtaken.\"Ithasnotturnedout，\"hesaid，\"asIwished：theunionhasnotbeenahappyone.Iamsorryforit，notonlybecausebotharedeartome，butbecausethecircumstancecountenancestheinfamousreportsthatarecurrentamongtheidleastomyintimacywithher.\"Heconcludedtheconversationwiththesewords：——\"Bourrienne，Isometimesthinkofrecallingyou;butasthereisnogoodpretextforsodoing，theworldwouldsaythatIhaveneedofyou，andIwishittobeknownthatIstandinneedofnobody.\"HeagainsaidafewwordsaboutHortense.
Iansweredthatitwouldfullycoincidewithmyconvictionofthetruthtodowhathedesired，andthatIwoulddoit;butthatsuppressingthefalsereportsdidnotdependonme.
Hortense，infact，whileshewasMademoiselleBEAUHARNAIS，regardedNapoleonwithrespectfulawe.Shetrembledwhenshespoketohim，andneverdaredtoaskhimafavour.Whenshehadanythingtosolicitsheappliedtome;andifIexperiencedanydifficultyinobtainingforherwhatshesought，ImentionedherasthepersonforwhomIpleaded.
\"Thelittlesimpleton！\"Napoleonwouldsay，\"whydoesshenotaskmeherself：isthegirlafraidofme？\"Napoleonnevercherishedforheranyfeelingbutpaternaltenderness.Helovedherafterhismarriagewithhermotherashewouldhavelovedhisownchild.DuringthreeyearsI
wasawitnesstoalltheirmostprivateactions，andIdeclarethatI
neversaworheardanythingthatcouldfurnishtheleastgroundforsuspicion，orthataffordedtheslightesttraceoftheexistenceofaculpableintimacy.Thiscalumnymustbeclassedamongthosewithwhichmalicedelightstoblackenthecharactersofmenmorebrilliantthantheirfellows，andwhicharesoreadilyadoptedbythelight—mindedandunreflecting.IfreelydeclarethatdidIentertainthesmallestdoubtwithregardtothisodiouscharge，oftheexistenceofwhichIwaswellawarebeforeNapoleonspoketomeonthesubject，Iwouldcandidlyavowit.Heisnomore：andlethismemorybeaccompaniedonlybythat，beitgoodorbad，whichreallybelongstoit.Letnotthisreproachbeoneofthosechargedagainsthimbytheimpartialhistorian.Imustsay，inconcludingthisdelicatesubject，thattheprinciplesofNapoleononpointsofthiskindwererigidintheutmostdegree，andthataconnectionofthenatureofthatchargedagainsthimwasneitherinaccordancewithhismoralsnorhistastes.
Icannottellwhetherwhatfollowedwasaportionofhispremeditatedconversationwithme，orwhetheritwastheresultofthesatisfactionhehadderivedfromascertainingmyperfectconvictionofthepurityofhisconductwithregardtoHortense，andbeingassuredthatIwouldexpressthatconviction.Bethisasitmay，asIwasgoingoutatthedoorhecalledmeback，saying，\"Oh！Ihaveforgottensomething.\"Ireturned.
\"Bourrienne，\"saidhe，\"doyoustillkeepupyouracquaintancewiththeFauchers？\"——\"Yes，General;Iseethemfrequently.\"——\"Youarewrong.\"——
\"WhyshouldInot？Theyareclever，well—educatedmen，andexceedinglypleasantcompany，especiallyCaesar.Iderivegreatpleasurefromtheirsociety;andthentheyarealmosttheonlypersonswhosefriendshiphascontinuedfaithfultomesinceIleftyou.Youknowpeopledonotcareforthosewhocanrenderthemnoservice.\"——\"MaretwillnotseetheFauchers.\"——\"Thatmaybe，General;butitisnothingtome;andyoumustrecollectthatasitwasthroughhimIwasintroducedtothemattheTuileries，Ithinkheoughttoinformmeofhisreasonsfordroppingtheiracquaintance.\"——\"Itellyouagainhehasclosedhisdooragainstthem.Doyouthesame;Iadviseyou.\"AsIdidnotseemdisposedtofollowthisadvicewithoutsomeplausiblereason，theFirstConsuladded，\"Youmustknow，then，thatIlearnfromCaesarallthatpassesinyourhouse.Youdonotspeakveryillofmeyourself，nordoesanyoneventuretodosoinyourpresence.Youplayyourrubberandgotobed.
Butnosoonerareyougonethanyourwife，whoneverlikedme，andmostofthosewhovisitatyourhouse，indulgeinthemostviolentattacksuponme.IreceiveabulletinfromCaesarFauchereverydaywhenhevisitsatyourhouse;thisisthewayinwhichherequitesyouforyourkindness，andfortheasylumyouaffordedhisbrother.——[ConstantineRancherhadbeencondemnedincontumacyfortheforgeryofapublicdocument.——Bourrienne.]——Butenough;youseeIknowall——farewell;\"andheleftme.
Thegravehavingclosedoverthesetwobrothers，——[TheFauchersweretwinbrothers，distinguishedinthewaroftheRevolution，andmadebrigadier—
generalsatthesametimeonthefieldofbattle.AftertheCentJourstheyrefusedtorecognisetheBourbons，andwereshotbysentenceofcourt—martialatBordeaux.（Bouillet）]——Ishallmerelystatethattheywrotemealettertheeveningprecedingtheirexecution，inwhichtheybeggedmetoforgivetheirconducttowardsme.Thefollowingisanextractfromthisletter：
Inourdungeonwehearoursentenceofdeathbeingcriedinthestreets.
To—morrowweshallwalktothescaffold;butwewillmeetdeathwithsuchcalmnessandcourageasshallmakeourexecutionersblush.Wearesixtyyearsold，thereforeourliveswillonlybeshortenedbyabriefapace.
Duringourliveswehavesharedincommon，illness，grief，pleasure，danger，andgoodfortune.Webothenteredtheworldonthesameday，andonthesamedayweshallbothdepartfromit.Astoyou，sir
Isuppresswhatrelatestomyself.
ThehourofthegrandleveearrivedjustasthesingularinterviewwhichIhavedescribedterminated.Iremainedashorttimetolookatthisphantasmagoria.Durocwasthere.Assoonashesawmehecameup，andtakingmeintotherecessofawindowtoldmethatMoreau’sguiltwasevident，andthathewasabouttobeputonhistrial.Imadesomeobservationsonthesubject，andinparticularaskedwhetherthereweresufficientproofsofhisguilttojustifyhiscondemnation？\"Theyshouldbecautious，\"saidI;\"itisnojoketoaccusetheconquerorofHohenlinden.\"Duroc’sanswersatisfiedmethatheatleasthadnodoubtonthesubject.\"Besides，\"addedhe，\"whensuchageneralasMoreauhasbeenbetweentwogendarmesheislost，andisgoodfornothingmore.Hewillonlyinspirepity.\"InvainItriedtorefutethisassertionsoentirelycontrarytofacts，andtoconvinceDurocthatMoreauwouldneverbedamagedbycallinghim\"brigand，\"aswasthephrasethen，withoutproofs.Durocpersistedinhisopinion.Asifapoliticalcrimeeversulliedthehonourofanyone！TheresulthasprovedthatIjudgedrightly.
NopersonpossessingtheleastdegreeofintelligencewillbeconvincedthattheconspiracyofMoreau，Georges，Pichegru，andtheotherpersonsaccusedwouldeverhaveoccurredbutforthesecretconnivanceofFouche’spolice.
MoreauneverforamomentdesiredtherestorationoftheBourbons.IwastoowellacquaintedwithM.Carbonnet，hismostintimatefriend，tobeignorantofhisprivatesentiments.ItwasthereforequiteimpossiblethathecouldentertainthesameviewsasGeorges，thePolignacs，Riviera，andothers;andtheyhadnointentionofcommittinganyovertacts.TheselatterpersonshadcometotheContinentsolelytoinvestigatetheactualstateofaffairs，inordertoinformthePrincesoftheHouseofBourbonwithcertaintyhowfartheymightdependonthefoolishhopesconstantlyheldouttothembypaltryagents，whowerealwaysreadytoadvancetheirowninterestsattheexpenseoftruth.
Theseagentsdidindeedconspire，butitwasagainsttheTreasuryofLondon，towhichtheylookedforpay.
WithoutenteringintoallthedetailsofthatgreattrialIwillrelatesomefactswhichmayassistinelicitingthetruthfromachaosofintrigueandfalsehood.
MostoftheconspiratorshadbeenlodgedeitherintheTempleorLaForce，andoneofthem，BouvetdeLozier，whowasconfinedintheTemple，attemptedtohanghimself.Hemadeuseofhiscravattoeffecthispurpose，andhadnearlysucceeded，whenaturnkeybychanceenteredandfoundhimatthepointofdeath.Whenhewasrecoveredheacknowledgedthatthoughhehadthecouragetomeetdeath，hewasunabletoenduretheinterrogatoriesofhistrial，andthathehaddeterminedtokillhimself，lesthemightbeinducedtomakeaconfession.Hedidinfactconfess，anditwasonthedayafterthisoccurredthatMoreauwasarrested，whileonhiswayfromhiscountry—seatofGrosboistoParis.
Fouche，throughthemediumofhisagents，hadgivenPichegru，Georges，andsomeotherpartisansofroyalty，tounderstandthattheymightdependonMoreau，who，itwassaid，wasquiteprepared.ItiscertainthatMoreauinformedPichegruthathe（Pichegru）hadbeendeceived，andthathehadneverbeenspokentoonthesubject.Russillondeclaredonthetrialthatonthe14thofMarchthePolignacssaidtosomeone，\"Everythingisgoingwrong——theydonotunderstandeachother.Moreaudoesnotkeephisword.Wehavebeendeceived.\"M.deRivieradeclaredthathesoonbecameconvincedtheyhadbeendeceived，andwasabouttoreturntoEnglandwhenhewasarrested.Itiscertainthattheprincipalconspiratorsobtainedpositiveinformationwhichconfirmedtheirsuspicions.TheylearnedMoreau’sdeclarationfromPichegru.Manyoftheaccuseddeclaredthattheysoondiscoveredtheyhadbeendeceived;
andthegreaterpartofthemwereabouttoquitParis，whentheywereallarrested，almostatoneandthesamemoment.GeorgeswasgoingintoLaVendeewhenhewasbetrayedbythemanwho，withtheconnivanceofthepolice，hadescortedhimeversincehisdeparturefromLondon，andwhohadprotectedhimfromanyinterruptiononthepartofthepolicesolongasitwasonlynecessarytoknowwherehewas，orwhathewasabout.
GeorgeshadbeeninParissevenmonthsbeforeitwasconsideredthatthepropermomenthadarrivedforarrestinghim.
Thealmostsimultaneousarrestoftheconspiratorsprovesclearlythatthepoliceknewperfectlywellwheretheycouldlaytheirhandsuponthem.
WhenPichegruwasrequiredtosignhisexaminationherefused.Hesaiditwasunnecessary;that，knowingallthesecretmachineryofthepolice，hesuspectedthatbysomechemicalprocesstheywoulderaseallthewritingexceptthesignature，andafterwardsfillupthepaperwithstatementswhichhehadnevermade.Hisrefusaltosigntheinterrogatory，headded，wouldnotpreventhimfromrepeatingbeforeacourtofjusticethetruthwhichhehadstatedinanswertothequestionsproposedtohim.FearwasentertainedofthedisclosureshemightmakerespectinghisconnectionwithMoreau，whosedestructionwassoughtfor，andalsowithrespecttothemeansemployedbytheagentsofFouchetourgetheconspiratorstoeffectachangewhichtheydesired.
Ontheeveningofthe15thofFebruaryIheardofMoreau’sarrest，andearlynextmorningIproceededstraighttotheRueSt.Pierre，whereM.Carbonnetresidedwithhisnephew.Iwasanxioustohearfromhimtheparticularsofthegeneral’sarrest.Whatwasmysurprise！IhadhardlytimetoaddressmyselftotheporterbeforeheinformedmethatM.Carbonnetandhisnephewwerebotharrested.\"Iadviseyou，sir，\"
addedtheman，\"toretirewithoutmoreado，forIcanassureyouthatthepersonswhovisitM.Carbonnetarewatched.\"——\"Ishestillathome？\"
saidI.\"Yes，Sir;theyareexamininghispapers.\"——\"Then，\"saidI，\"Iwillgoup.\"M.Carbonnet，ofwhosefriendshipIhadreasontobeproud，andwhosememorywilleverbedeartome，wasmoredistressedbythearrestofhisnephewandMoreauthanbyhisown.Hisnephewwas，however，liberatedafterafewhours.M.Carbonnet’spapersweresealedup，andhewasplacedinsolitaryconfinementatSt.Pelagic.
Thusthepolice，whopreviouslyknewnothing，weresuddenlyinformedofall.InspiteofthenumerouspoliceagentsscatteredoverFrance，itwasonlydiscoveredbythedeclarationsofBouvetdeLozierthatthreesuccessivelandingshadbeeneffected，andthatafourthwasexpected，which，however，didnottakeplace，becauseGeneralSavarywasdespatchedbytheFirstConsulwithorderstoseizethepersonswhosearrivalwaslookedfor.Therecannotbeamoreconvincingproofofthefidelityoftheagentsofthepolicetotheiroldchief，andtheircombineddeterminationoftriflingwiththeirnewone，CHAPTERXXII.
1804.
Theeventsof1804——DeathoftheDued’Enghien——Napoleon’sargumentsatSt.Helena——Comparisonofdates——PossibilityofmyhavingsavedtheDued’Enghien’slife——AdvicegiventotheDucd’Enghien——SirCharlesStuart——DelayoftheAustrianCabinet——Pichegruandthemysteriousbeing——M.Massias——ThehistoriansofSt.Helena——
Bonaparte’sthreatsagainsttheemigrantsandM.Cobentzel——
SingularadventureofDavoust’ssecretary——Thequartermaster——
ThebrigandofLaVendee.
Inordertoformajustideaoftheeventswhichsucceededeachothersorapidlyatthecommencementof1804itisnecessarytoconsiderthembothseparatelyandconnectedly.ItmustbeborneinmindthatallBonaparte’smachinationstendedtooneobject，thefoundationoftheFrenchEmpireinhisfavour;anditisalsoessentialtoconsiderhowthesituationoftheemigrants，inreferencetotheFirstConsul，hadchangedsincethedeclarationofwar.AslongasBonapartecontinuedatpeacethecauseoftheBourbonshadnosupportinforeignCabinets，andtheemigrantshadnoalternativebuttoyieldtocircumstances;butonthebreakingoutofanewwarallwaschanged.ThecauseoftheBourbonsbecamethatofthepowersatwarwithFrance;andasmanycausesconcurredtounitetheemigrantsabroadwiththosewhohadreturnedbuthalfsatisfied，therewasreasontofearsomethingfromtheirrevolt，incombinationwiththepowersarrayedagainstBonaparte.
SuchwasthestateofthingswithregardtotheemigrantswhentheleadersandaccomplicesofGeorges’conspiracywerearrestedattheverybeginningof1804.TheassassinationoftheDued’Enghien——[LouisAntoineHenrideBourbon，Ducd’Enghien（1772—1804），sonoftheDucdeBourbon，andgrandsonofthePrincedeConde，servedagainstFranceinthearmyofConde.WhenthisforcewasdisbandedhestayedatEttenheimonaccountofaloveaffairwiththePrincesseCharlottedeRohan—Rochefort.ArrestedintheterritoryofBaden，hewastakentoVincennes，andaftertrialbycourt—
martialshotisthemoat，21stMay1804.WithhimpracticallyendedthehouseofBourbon—Condeashisgrandfatherdiedin1818，leavingonlytheDucdeBourbon，andthePrinceseeLouiseAdelaide，AbbessedeRemiremont，whodiedin1824.]——
tookplaceonthe21stofMarch;onthe30thofAprilappearedthepropositionoftheTribunatetofoundaGovernmentinFranceundertheauthorityofoneindividual;onthe18thofMaycamethe’Senatus—
consulte’，namingNapoleonBonaparteEMPEROR，andlastly，onthe10th.
ofJune，thesentenceofcondemnationonGeorgesandhisaccomplices.
ThusthesheddingofthebloodofaBourbon，andtheplacingofthecrownofFranceontheheadofasoldieroffortuneweretwoactsinterpolatedinthesanguinarydramaofGeorges’conspiracy.Itmustberemembered，too，thatduringtheperiodoftheseeventswewereatwarwithEngland，andonthepointofseeingAustriaandtheColossusofthenorthformacoalitionagainstthenewEmperor.
IwillnowstateallIknowrelativetothedeathoftheDued’Enghien.
ThatunfortunatePrince，whowasatEttenheim，inconsequenceofaloveaffair，hadnocommunicationwhateverwiththosewhowereconcoctingaplotintheinterior.Machiavellisaysthatwhentheauthorofacrimecannotbediscoveredweshouldseekforthosetowhoseadvantageitturns.InthepresentcaseMachiavelli’sadvicewillfindaneasyapplication，sincetheDuke’sdeathcouldbeadvantageousonlytoBonaparte，whoconsidereditindispensabletohisaccessiontothecrownofFrance.Themotivesmaybeexplained，butcantheybejustified？
HowcoulditeverbesaidthattheDued’EnghienperishedasapresumedaccompliceintheconspiracyofGeorges？
Moreauwasarrestedonthe15thofFebruary1804，atwhichtimetheexistenceoftheconspiracywasknown.PichegruandGeorgeswerealsoarrestedinFebruary，andtheDued’Enghiennottillthe15thofMarch.
NowifthePrincehadreallybeenconcernedintheplot，ifevenhehadaknowledgeofit，wouldhehaveremainedatEttenheimfornearlyamonthafterthearrestofhispresumedaccomplices，intelligenceofwhichhemighthaveobtainedinthespaceofthreedays？Certainlynot.SoignorantwasheofthatconspiracythatwheninformedatEttenheimoftheaffairhedoubtedit，declaringthatifitweretruehisfatherandgrandfatherwouldhavemadehimacquaintedwithit.Wouldsolonganintervalhavebeensufferedtoelapsebeforehewasarrested？Alas！
cruelexperiencehasshownthatthatstepwouldhavebeentakeninafewhours.
ThesentenceofdeathagainstGeorgesandhisaccompliceswasnotpronouncedtillthe10thofJune1804，andtheDued’Enghienwasshotonthe21stofMarch，beforethetrialswereevencommenced.Howisthisprecipitationtobeexplained？If，asNapoleonhasdeclared，theyoungBourbonwasanaccompliceinthecrime，whywashenotarrestedatthetimetheotherswere？Whywashenottriedalongwiththem，onthegroundofhisbeinganactualaccomplice;orofbeingcompromised，bycommunicationswiththem;or，inshort，becausehisanswersmighthavethrownlightonthatmysteriousaffair？Howwasitthatthenameoftheillustriousaccusedwasnotoncementionedinthecourseofthatawfultrial？
ItcanscarcelybeconceivedthatNapoleoncouldsayatSt.Helena，\"EithertheycontrivedtoimplicatetheunfortunatePrinceintheirproject，andsopronouncedhisdoom，or，byomittingtoinformhimofwhatwasgoingon，allowedhimimprudentlytoslumberonthebrinkofaprecipice;forhewasonlyastone’scastfromthefrontierwhentheywereabouttostrikethegreatblowinthenameandfortheinterestofhisfamily.\"
Thisreasoningisnotmerelyabsurd，itisatrocious.IftheDukewasimplicatedbytheconfessionofhisaccomplices，heshouldhavebeenarrestedandtriedalongwiththem.Justicerequiredthis.Ifhewasnotsoimplicated，whereistheproofofhisguilt？Becausesomeindividuals，withouthisknowledge，plottedtocommitacrimeinthenameofhisfamilyhewastobeshot！Becausehewas130leaguesfromthesceneoftheplot，andhadnoconnectionwithit，hewastodie！Suchargumentscannotfailtoinspirehorror.ItisabsolutelyimpossibleanyreasonablepersoncanregardtheDued’EnghienasanaccompliceofCadoudal;andNapoleonbaselyimposedonhiscontemporariesandposteritybyinventingsuchfalsehoods，andinvestingthemwiththeauthorityofhisname.
HadIbeenthenintheFirstConsul’sintimacyImayaver，withasmuchconfidenceaspride，thatthebloodoftheDued’EnghienwouldnothaveimprintedanindeliblestainonthegloryofBonaparte.InthisterriblematterIcouldhavedonewhatnoonebutmecouldevenattempt，andthisonaccountofmyposition，whichnooneelsehassinceheldwithBonaparte.Iquiteadmitthathewouldhavepreferredotherstome，andthathewouldhavehadmorefriendshipforthemthanforme，supposingfriendshiptobecompatiblewiththecharacterofBonaparte，butIknewhimbetterthananyoneelse.Besides，amongthosewhosurroundedhimI
alonecouldhavepermittedmyselfsomereturntoourformerfamiliarityonaccountofourintimacyofchildhood.Certainly，inamatterwhichpermanentlytouchedthegloryofBonaparte，Ishouldnothavebeenrestrainedbythefearofsometransitoryfitofanger，andthereaderhasseenthatIdidnotdreaddisgrace.WhyshouldIhavedreadedit？
Ihadneitherportfolio，noroffice，norsalary，for，asIhavesaid，I
wasonlywithBonaparteasafriend，andwehad，asitwere，acommonpurse.IfeelaconvictionthatitwouldhavebeenverypossibleformetohavedissuadedBonapartefromhisfataldesign，inasmuchasI
positivelyknowthathisobject，aftertheterminationofthepeace，wasmerelytofrightentheemigrants，inordertodrivethemfromEttenheim，wheregreatnumbers，liketheDued’Enghien，hadsoughtrefuge.HisangerwasparticularlydirectedagainstaBaronessdeReithandaBaronessd’Ettengein，whohadloudlyvituperatedhim，anddistributednumerouslibelsontheleftbankoftheRhine.AtthatperiodBonapartehadaslittledesignagainsttheDued’Enghien’slifeasagainstthatofanyotheremigrant.Hewasmoreinclinedtofrightenthantoharmhim，andcertainlyhisfirstintentionwasnottoarrestthePrince，but，asIhavesaid，tofrightenthe’emigres’，andtodrivethemtoadistance.Imust，however，admitthatwhenBonapartespoketoRappandDurocoftheemigrantsontheothersideoftheRhineheexpressedhimselfwithmuchirritability：somuchso，indeed，thatM.deTalleyrand，dreadingitseffectsfortheDued’Enghien，warnedthatPrince，throughthemediumofaladytowhomhewasattached，ofhisdanger，andadvisedhimtoproceedtoagreaterdistancefromthefrontier.OnreceivingthisnoticethePrinceresolvedtorejoinhisgrandfather，whichhecouldnotdobutbypassingthroughtheAustrianterritory.ShouldanydoubtexistastothesefactsitmaybeaddedthatSirCharlesStuartwrotetoM.deCobentzeltosolicitapassportfortheDucd’Enghien;anditwassolelyowingtothedelayoftheAustrianCabinetthattimewasaffordedfortheFirstConsultoorderthearrestoftheunfortunatePrinceassoonashehadformedthehorribleresolutionofsheddingthebloodofaBourbon.Thisresolutioncouldhaveoriginatedonlywithhimself，forwhowouldhavedaredtosuggestittohim？Thefactis，Bonaparteknewnotwhathedid.Hisfeverofambitionamountedtodelirium;andheknewnothowhewaslosinghimselfinpublicopinionbecausehedidnotknowthatopinion，togainwhichhewouldhavemadeeverysacrifice.