——[AtthetimeofthisattemptIwasnotwithNapoleon;buthedirectedmetoseethemadmenwhohadformedthedesignofassassinatinghim.ItwillbeseeninthecoarseoftheseMemoirswhatwerehasplans，andwhatwastheresultofthem——Bourrienne]——
ThefollowingisacorrectstatementofthefactsrelativetoCeracchi’sconspiracy.Theplotitselfwasamereshadow;butitwasdeemedadvisabletogiveitsubstance，toexaggerate，atleastinappearance，thedangertowhichtheFirstConsulhadbeenexposed：——
TherewasatthattimeinParisanidlefellowcalledHarrel;hehadbeena’chefdebattalion’，buthehadbeendismissedtheservice，andwasconsequentlydissatisfied.HebecameconnectedwithCerracchi，Arena，Topino—Lebrun，andDemerville.FromdifferentmotivesalltheseindividualswereviolentlyhostiletotheFirstConsul，whoonhispart，wasnofriendtoCerracchiandArena，butscarcelyknewthetwoothers.
Thesefourindividualsformed，inconjunctionwithHarrel，thedesignofassassinatingtheFirstConsul，andthetimefixedfortheperpetrationofthedeedwasoneeveningwhenBonaparteintendedtovisittheopera.
Onthe20thofSeptember1804HarrelcametomeattheTuileries.Herevealedtometheplotinwhichhewasengaged，andpromisedthathisaccomplicesshouldbeapprehendedintheveryactifIwouldsupplyhimwithmoneytobringtheplottomaturity.Iknewnothowtoactuponthisdisclosure，whichI，however，couldnotrejectwithoutincurringtoogreataresponsibility.IimmediatelycommunicatedthebusinesstotheFirstConsul，whoorderedmetosupplyHarrelwithmoney;butnottomentiontheaffairtoFouche，towhomhewishedtoprovethatheknewbetterhowtomanagethepolicethanhedid.
Harrelcamenearlyeveryeveningateleveno’clocktoinformmeoftheprogressoftheconspiracy，whichIimmediatelycommunicatedtotheFirstConsul，whowasnotsorrytofindArenaandCeracchideeplycommitted.
Butthetimepassedon，andnothingwasdone.TheFirstConsulbegantogrowimpatient.AtlengthHarrelcametosaythattheyhadnomoneytopurchasearms.Moneywasgivenhim.He，however，returnednextdaytosaythatthegunsmithrefusedtosellthemarmswithoutauthority.ItwasnowfoundnecessarytocommunicatethebusinesstoFoucheinorderthathemightgrantthenecessarypermissiontothegunsmith，whichIwasnotempoweredtodo.
Onthe10thofOctobertheConsuls，afterthebreakingupoftheCouncil，assembledinthecabinetoftheircolleague.Bonaparteaskedtheminmypresencewhethertheythoughtheoughttogototheopera.Theyobservedthataseveryprecautionwastakennodangercouldbeapprehended，andthatitwasdesirabletoshowthefutilityofattemptsagainsttheFirstConsul’slife.AfterdinnerBonaparteputonagreatcoatoverhisgreenuniformandgotintohiscarriageaccompaniedbymeandDuroc.Heseatedhimselfinfrontofhisbox，whichatthattimewasontheleftofthetheatrebetweenthetwocolumnswhichseparatedthefrontandsideboxes.
WhenwehadbeeninthetheatreabouthalfanhourtheFirstConsuldirectedmetogoandseewhatwasdoinginthecorridor.ScarcelyhadI
lefttheboxthanIheardagreatuproar，andsoondiscoveredthatanumberofpersons，whosenamesIcouldnotlearn，hadbeenarrested.I
informedtheFirstConsulofwhatIhadheard，andweimmediatelyreturnedtotheTuileries.
ItiscertainthattheobjectoftheconspiracywastotaketheFirstConsul’slife，andthattheconspiratorsneglectednothingwhichcouldfurthertheaccomplishmentoftheiratrociousdesign.Theplot，however，wasknownthroughthedisclosuresofHarrel;anditwouldhavebeeneasytoavertinsteadofconjuringupthestorm.Suchwas，andsuchstillis，myopinion.Harrel’snamewasagainrestoredtothearmylist，andhewasappointedcommandantofVincennes.ThispostheheldatthetimeoftheDucd’Enghien’sassassination.Iwasafterwardstoldthathiswifewasfoster—sistertotheunfortunateprince，andthatsherecognisedhimwhenheenteredtheprisonwhichinafewshorthourswastoprovehisgrave.
Carbonneau，oneoftheindividualscondemned，candidlyconfessedtheparthehadtakenintheplot，whichhesaidwasbroughttomaturitysolelybytheagentsofthepolice，whowerealwayseagertoprovetheirzealtotheiremployersbysomenewdiscovery.
AlthoughthreemonthsintervenedbetweenthemachinationsofCeracchiandArenaandthehorribleattemptofthe3dNivose，Ishallrelatethesetwoeventsinimmediatesuccession;foriftheyhadnootherpointsofresemblancetheywereatleastalikeintheirobject.Theconspiratorsinthefirstaffairwereoftherevolutionaryfaction.TheysoughtBonaparte’slifeasifwiththeviewofrenderinghisresemblancetoCaesarsocompletethatnotevenaBrutusshouldbewanting.Thelatter，itmustwithregretbeconfessed，wereoftheRoyalistparty，andintheirwishtodestroytheFirstConsultheywerenotdeterredbythefearofsacrificingagreatnumberofcitizens.
Thepoliceknewnothingoftheplotofthe3dNivosefortworeasons;
first，becausetheywerenopartiestoit，andsecondly，becausetwoconspiratorsdonotbetrayandselleachotherwhentheyareresoluteintheirpurpose.Insuchcasesthegivingofinformationcanariseonlyfromtwocauses，theoneexcusable，theotherinfamous，viz.thedreadofpunishment，andthehopeofreward.Butneitherofthesecausesinfluencedtheconspiratorsofthe3dNivose，theinventorsandconstructorsofthatmachinewhichhassojustlybeendenominatedinfernal！
Onthe3dNivose（24thDecember1800）thefirstperformanceofHaydn’smagnificentoratorioofthe\"Creation\"tookplaceattheopera，andtheFirstConsulhadexpressedhisintentionofbeingpresent.Ididnotdinewithhimthatday，butasheleftmehesaid，\"Bourrienne，youknowIamgoingtotheoperato—night，andyoumaygotoo;butIcannottakeyouinthecarriage，asLannes，Berthier，andLauristonaregoingwithme.\"Iwasverygladofthis，forImuchwishedtohearoneofthemasterpiecesoftheGermanschoolofcomposition.IgottotheoperabeforeBonaparte，whoonhisentranceseatedhimself，accordingtocustom，infrontofthebox.Theeye’sofallpresentwerefixeduponhim，andheappearedtobeperfectlycalmandself—possessed.Lauriston，assoonashesawme，cametomybox，andtoldmethattheFirstConsul，onhiswaytotheopera，hadnarrowlyescapedbeingassassinatedintheRueSt.Nicaisebytheexplosionofabarrelofgunpowder，theconcussionofwhichhadshatteredthewindowsofhiscarriage.\"Withintensecondsafterourescape，\"addedLauriston，\"thecoachmanhavingturnedthecorneroftheRueStHonore，stoppedtotaketheFirstConsul’sorders;
andhecoollysaid，’Totheopera.’\"
——[ThefollowingparticularsrespectingtheaffairoftheinfernalmachinearerelatedbyRapp，whoattendedMadameBonapartetotheopera.HediffersfromBourrienneastothetotalignoranceofthepolice：
\"Theaffairoftheinfernalmachinehasneverbeenpropertyunderstoodbythepublic.ThepolicehadintimatedtoNapoleonthatanattemptwouldbemadeagainsthislifeandcautionedhimnottogoout.MadameBonaparte，MademoiselleBeauharnais，MadameMurat，Lannes，Bessieres，theaidedecamponduty，LieutenantLebrun，nowdukeofPlacenzawereallassembledinthesalon，whiletheFirstConsulwaswritinginhiscabinet.Haydn’soratoriowastobeperformedthatevening;theladieswereanxioustohearthemusic，andwealsoexpressedawishtothateffect.Theescortpiquetwasorderedout;andLannesrequestedthatNapoleonwouldjointheparty.Heconsented;hiscarriagewasready，andhetookalongwithhimBessieresandtheaidedecamponduty.Iwasdirectedtoattendtheladies.JosephinehadreceivedamagnificentshawlfromConstantinopleandshethateveningworeitforthefirsttime.
’Permitmetoobserve，’saidI，’thatyourshawlisnotthrownonwithyourusualelegance.’Shegood—humouredlybeggedthatIwouldfolditafterthefashionoftheEgyptianladies.WhileIwasengagedinthisoperationweheardNapoleondepart.’Comesister，’
saidMadameMurat，whowasimpatienttogettothetheatre：
’Bonaparteisgoing：’Westoppedintothecarriage：theFirstConsul’sequipagehadalreadyreachedthemiddleofthePlaceduCarrousel.Wedroveafterit，butwehadscarcelyenteredtheplacewhenthemachineexploded.Napoleonescapedbyasingularchance，St.Regent，orhisservantFrancois，hadstationedhimselfinthemiddleofthoRueNicaise.Agrenadieroftheescort，supposinghewasreallywhatheappearedtobe，awater—carrier，gavehimafewblowswiththeflatofhissabreanddrovehimoff.Thecartwasturnedround，andthemachineexplodedbetweenthecarriagesofNapoleonandJosephine.Theladiesshriekedonhearingthereport;
thecarriagewindowswerebroken，andMademoiselleBeauharnaisreceivedaslighthurtonherhand.IalightedandcrossedtheRueNicaisewhichwasstrewedwiththebodiesofthosewhohadbeenthrowndown，andthefragmentsofthewallsthathadbeenshatteredwiththeexplosion.Neithertheconsulnoranyindividualofhis，suitesustainedanyseriousinjury.WhenIenteredthetheatreNapoleonwasseatedinhisbox;calmandcomposed，andlookingattheaudiencethroughhisopera—glass.Fouchewasbesidehim.
’Josephine’saidheassoonasheobservedme.Sheenteredatthatinstantandhedidnotfinishhisquestion’Therascals’saidheverycooly，wantedtoblowmeup：Bringmeabookoftheoratorio’\"
（MemoirsofGeneralCountRape.P.19）]——
OnhearingthisIleftthetheatreandreturnedtothePalace，undertheexpectationthatIshouldspeedilybewanted.Bonapartesoonreturnedhome;andasintelligenceoftheaffairhadspreadthroughParisthegrandsalonontheground—floorwasfilledwithacrowdoffunctionaries，eagertoreadintheeyeoftheirmasterwhattheyweretothinkandsayontheoccasion.Hedidnotkeepthemlonginsuspense.\"This，\"
exclaimedhevehemently，\"istheworkoftheJacobins：theyhaveattemptedmylifeThereareneithernobles，priests，norChouansinthisaffair！IknowwhatIamabout，andtheyneednotthinktoimposeonme.ThesearetheSeptembrizerswhohavebeeninopenrevoltandconspiracy，andarrayedagainsteverysucceedingGovernment.ItisscarcethreemonthssincemylifewasattemptedbyUracchi，Arena;
Topino—Lebrun，andDemerville.Theyallbelongtoonegang！ThecutthroatsofSeptember，theassassinsofVersailles，thebrigandsofthe81stofMay，theconspiratorsofPrairialaretheauthorsofallthecrimescommittedagainstestablishedGovernments！Iftheycannotbecheckedtheymustbecrashed！Francemustbepurgedoftheseruffians！\"
ItisimpossibletoformanyideaofthebitternesswithwhichBonaparte，pronouncedthesewords.InvaindidsomeoftheCouncillorsofState，andFoucheinparticular，endeavourtopointouttohimthattherewasnoevidenceagainstanyone，andthatbeforehepronouncedpeopletobeguiltyitwouldberighttoascertainthefact.BonaparterepeatedwithincreasedviolencewhathehadbeforesaidoftheJacobins;thusadding;
notwithoutsomegroundofsuspicion，onecrimemoreto，thelongcatalogueforwhichtheyhadalreadytoanswer.
Fouchehadmanyenemies，andIwasnot，therefore，surprisedtofindsomeoftheMinistersendeavouringtotakeadvantageofthedifferencebetweenhisopinionandthatoftheFirstConsul;anditmustbeownedthattheutterignoranceofthepolicerespectingthiseventwasacircumstancenotveryfavourabletoFouche.He，however，waslikethereedinthefable——hebentwiththewind，butwassoonerectagain.ThemostskilfulactorcouldscarcelyimitatetheinflexiblecalmnesshemaintainedduringBonaparte’sparoxysmofrage，andthepatiencewithwhichheallowedhimselftobeaccused.
Fouche，whenafterwardsconversingwithme，gavemeclearlytounderstandthathedidnotthinktheJacobinsguilty.ImentionedthistotheFirstConsul，butnothingcouldmakehimretracthisopinion.\"Fouche，\"saidhe，\"hasgoodreasonforhissilence.Heisservinghisownparty.Itisverynaturalthatheshouldseektoscreenasetofmenwhoarepollutedwithbloodandcrimes！Hewasoneoftheirleaders.DonotI
knowwhathedidatLyonsandtheLoire？ThatexplainsFouche’sconductnow！\"
Thisistheexacttruth;andnowletmecontradictoneofthethousandfictionsaboutthisevent.Ithasbeensaidandprintedthat\"thedignitariesandtheMinisterswereassembledattheTuileries.’Well，’
saidtheFirstConsul，advancingangrilytowardsFouche，’willyoustillsaythatthisistheRoyalistparty？’Fouche，betterinformedthanwasbelieved，answeredcoolly，’Yes，certainly，Ishallsayso;and，whatismore，Ishallproveit.’Thisspeechcausedgeneralastonishment，butwasafterwardsfullyborneout.\"Thisispureinvention.TheFirstConsulonlysaidtoFouche;\"Idonottrusttoyourpolice;Iguardmyself，andIwatchtilltwointhemorning.\"Thishowever，wasveryrarelythecase.
OnthedayaftertheexplosionoftheinfernalmachineaconsiderableconcourseassembledattheTuileries.Therewasabsolutelyatorrentofcongratulations.TheprefectoftheSeineconvokedthetwelvemayorsofParisandcameattheirheadtowaitontheFirstConsul.InhisreplytotheiraddressBonapartesaid，\"AslongasthisgangofassassinsconfinedtheirattackstomepersonallyIleftthelawtotakeitscourse;butsince，byanunparalleledcrime，theyhaveendangeredthelivesofaportionofthepopulationofParis，theirpunishmentmustbeaspromptasexemplary.Ahundredofthesewretcheswhohavelibeledlibertybyperpetratingcrimesinhernamemustbeeffectuallypreventedfromrenewingtheiratrocities.\"HethenconversedwiththeMinisters，theCouncillorsofState，etc.，ontheeventoftheprecedingday;andasallknewtheFirstConsul’sopinionoftheauthorsofthecrimeeachwaseagertoconfirmit.TheCouncilwasseveraltimesassembledwhentheSenatewasconsulted，andtheadroitFouche，whoseconscienceyieldedtothedelicacyofhissituation，addressedtotheFirstConsulareportworthyofaMazarin.AtthesametimethejournalswerefilledwithrecollectionsoftheRevolution，rakedupforthepurposeofconnectingwithpastcrimestheindividualsonwhomitwasnowwishedtocastodium.
Itwasdecreedthatahundredpersonsshouldbebanished;andthesenateestablisheditscharacterforcomplaisancebypassinga’Senatus—
consulte’conformabletothewishesoftheFirstConsul.
AlistwasdrawnupofthepersonsstyledJacobins，whowerecondemnedtotransportation.Iwasfortunateenoughtoobtaintheerasureofthenamesofseveralwhoseopinionshadperhapsbeenviolent，butwhoseeducationandprivatecharacterpresentedclaimstorecommendation.Someofmyreadersmayprobablyrecollectthemwithoutmynamingthem，andI
shallonlymentionM.Tissot，forthepurposeofrecording，nottheserviceIrenderedhim，butaninstanceofgratefulacknowledgment.
Whenin1815NapoleonwasonthepointofenteringParisM.Tissotcametotheprefectureofpolice，whereIthenwas，andofferedmehishouseasasafeasylum;assuringmeIshouldthererunnoriskofbeingdiscovered.ThoughIdidnotaccepttheofferyetIgladlyseizeonthisopportunityofmakingitknown.Itisgratifyingtofindthatdifferenceofpoliticalopiniondoesnotalwaysexcludesentimentsofgenerosityandhonour！IshallneverforgetthewayinwhichtheauthoroftheessaysonVirgilutteredthewords’Domusmea’.
Buttoreturntothefatallist.EvenwhileIwritethisIshuddertothinkofthewayinwhichmenutterlyinnocentwereaccusedofarevoltingcrimewithouteventheshadowofaproof.Thenameofanindividual，hisopinions，perhapsonlyassumed，weresufficientgroundsforhisbanishment.AdecreeoftheConsuls，dated4thofJanuary1801，confirmedbya’Senates—consulte’onthenextday，banishedfromtheterritoryoftheRepublic，andplacedunderspecialinspectors，130
individuals，nineofwhomweremerelydesignatedinthereportasSeptembrizers.
Theexiles，whointhereportsandinthepublicactsweresounjustlyaccusedofbeingtheauthorsoftheinfernalmachine，werereceivedatNantes，withsomuchindignationthatthemilitarywerecompelledtointerferetosavethemfrombeingmassacred.
InthediscussionswhichprecededthedecreeoftheConsulsfewpersonshadthecouragetoexpressadoubtrespectingtheguiltoftheaccused.
Truguetwasthefirsttomountthebreach.HeobservedthatwithoutdenyingtheGovernmenttheextraordinarymeansfor，gettingridofitsenemieshecouldnotbutacknowledgethattheemigrantsthreatenedthepurchasersofnationaldomains，thatthepublicmindwascorruptedbypamphlets，andthat——HeretheFirstConsul，interruptinghim，exclaimed，\"Towhatpamphletsdoyouallude？\"——\"Topamphletswhicharepubliclycirculated.\"——\"Namethem！\"——\"YouknowthemaswellasIdo.\"
——[TheParallelbetweenCaesar，Cromwell，andBonaparte，ofwhichI
shallspeakalittlefartheron，isherealludedto.——Bourrienne.]——
AfteralongandangryebullitiontheFirstConsulabruptlydismissedtheCouncil.Heobservedthathewouldnotbeduped;thatthevillainswereknown;thattheywereSeptembrizers，thehatchersofeverymischief.Hehadsaidatasittingthreedaysbefore，\"Ifproofshouldfail，wemusttakeadvantageofthepublicexcitement.Theeventistomemerelytheopportunity.Theyshallbebanishedforthe2dSeptember，forthe31stMay，forBaboeuf’sconspiracy——oranythingelse.\"
OnleavingoneofthesittingsoftheCouncil，atwhichthequestionofaspecialtribunalhadbeendiscussed，hetoldmethathehadbeenalittleruffled;thathehadsaidaviolentblowmustbestruck;thatbloodmustbespilt;andthatasmanyoftheguiltyshouldbeshotastherehadbeenvictimsoftheexplosion（fromfifteentotwenty）;that200shouldbebanished，andtheRepublicpurgedofthesescoundrels.
Thearbitrarinessandillegalityoftheproceedingweresoevidentthatthe’Senatus—consulte’containednomentionofthetransactionsofthe3dNivose，whichwasveryremarkable.Itwas，however，declaredthatthemeasureofthepreviousdayhadbeenadoptedwithaviewtothepreservationoftheConstitution.Thiswaspromising.
TheFirstConsulmanifestedthemostviolenthatredoftheJacobins;
forthishecouldnothavebeenblamedifunderthetitleofJacobinshehadnotcomprisedeverydevotedadvocateofpublicliberty.Theiroppositionannoyedhimandhecouldneverpardonthemforhavingpresumedtocondemnhistyrannicalacts，andtoresistthedestructionofthefreedomwhichhehadhimselfsworntodefend，butwhichhewasincessantlylabouringtooverturn.Thesewerethetruemotivesofhisconduct;and，consciousofhisownfaults，heregardedwithdislikethosewhosawanddisapprovedofthem.ForthisreasonhewasmoreafraidofthosewhomhecalledJacobinsthanoftheRoyalists.
IamhererecordingthefaultsofBonaparte，butIexcusehim;situatedashewas，anyotherpersonwouldhaveactedinthesameway.Truthnowreachedhimwithdifficulty，andwhenitwasnotagreeablehehadnodispositiontohearit.Hewassurroundedbyflatterers;and，thegreaternumberofthosewhoapproachedhim，farfromtellinghimwhattheyreallythought;onlyrepeatedwhathehadhimselfbeenthinking.
HenceheadmiredthewisdomofhisCounsellors.ThusFouche，tomaintainhimselfinfavour，wasobligedtodeliveruptohismaster130nameschosenfromamonghisownmostintimatefriendsasobjectsofproscription.
MeanwhileFouche，stillbelievingthathewasnotdeceivedastotherealauthorsoftheattemptofthe3dNivose，setinmotionwithhisusualdexterityallthespringsofthepolice.Hisefforts，however，wereforsometimeunsuccessful;butatlengthonSaturday，the31stJanuary1801，abouttwohoursafterourarrivalatMalmaison，Fouchepresentedhimselfandproducedauthenticproofsoftheaccuracyofhisconjectures.Therewasnolongeranydoubtonthesubject;andBonapartesawclearlythattheattemptofthe3dNivosewastheresultofaplothatchedbythepartisansofroyalty.ButastheactofproscriptionagainstthosewhowerejumbledtogetherunderthetitleoftheJacobinshadbeenexecuted，itwasnottoberevoked.
Thustheconsequenceofthe3dNivosewasthatboththeinnocentandguiltywerepunished;withthisdifference，however，thattheguiltyatleasthadthebenefitofatrial.
WhentheJacobins，astheywerecalled，wereaccusedwithsuchprecipitation，Fouchehadnopositiveproofsoftheir，innocence;andthereforetheirillegalcondemnationoughtnottobeattributedtohim.
Sufficientodiumisattachedtohismemorywithouthisbeingchargedwithacrimehenevercommitted.Still，ImustsaythathadheboldlyopposedtheopinionofBonaparteinthefirstburstofhisfuryhemighthaveavertedtheblow.EverytimehecametotheTuileries，evenbeforehehadacquiredanytracesofthetruth，Fouchealwaysdeclaredtomehisconvictionoftheinnocenceofthepersonsfirstaccused.ButhewasafraidtomakethesameobservationtoBonaparte.IoftenmentionedtohimtheopinionoftheMinisterofPolice;butasproofwaswantingherepliedtomewithatriumphantair，\"Bah！bah！ThisisalwaysthewaywithFouche.Besides，itisoflittleconsequence.Atanyrateweshallgetridofthem.ShouldtheguiltybediscoveredamongtheRoyaliststheyalsoshallbepunished.\"
\"TherealcriminalsbeingatlengthdiscoveredthroughtheresearchesofFouche，St.RegentandCarbonexpiatedtheircrimesbytheforfeitoftheirheads.ThustheFirstConsulgainedhispoint，andjusticegainedhers.
——[ItwasSt.Regent，orSt.Rejeant，whofiredtheinfernalmachine.Theviolenceoftheshockflunghimagainstapostandpartofhisbreastbonewasdrivenin.Hewasobligedtoresorttoasurgeon，anditwouldseemthatthismandenouncedhim.（MemoirsofMiotdeMelito，tomei.p.264）.
ThediscussionswhichtookplaceintheCouncilofStateonthisaffairareremarkable，bothfortheviolenceofNapoleonandfortheresistancemadeintheCouncil，toagreatextentsuccessfully，tohisviewsastothe，plotbeingoneoftheJacobinparty.]——
IhaveoftenhadoccasiontonoticethemultifariousmeansemployedbyBonapartetoarriveatthepossessionofsupremepower，andtopreparemen’smindsforsogreatchange.Thosewhohaveobservedhislifemusthavesoremarkedhowentirelyhewasconvincedofthetruththatpublicopinionwastesitselfontherumourofaprojectandpossessesnoenergyatthemomentofitsexecution.Inorder，therefore，todirectpublicattentiontothequestionofhereditarypowerapamphletwascirculatedaboutParis，andthefollowingisthehistoryofit：——
InthemonthofDecember1800，whileFouchewassearchingaftertherealauthorsoftheattemptofthe3dNivose，asmallpamphlet，entitled\"ParallelbetweenCaesar，Cromwell，analBonaparte，\"wassenttotheFirstConsul.Hewasabsentwhenitcame.Ireadit，andperceivedthatitopenlyadvocatedhereditarymonarchy.Ithenknewnothingabouttheoriginofthispamphlet，butIsoonlearnedthatitissuedfromtheofficeoftheMinisteroftheInterior[LucienBonaparte]，andthatithadbeenlargelycirculated.AfterreadingitIlaiditonthetable.
InafewminutesBonaparteentered，andtakingupthepamphletpretendedtolookthroughit：\"Haveyoureadthis？\"saidhe.——\"Yes，General.\"——
\"Well！whatisyouropinionofit？\"——\"Ithinkitiscalculatedtoproduceanunfavourableeffectonthepublicmind：itisill—timed，foritprematurelyrevealsyourviews.\"TheFirstConsultookthepamphletandthrewitontheground，ashedidallthestupidpublicationsofthedayafterhavingslightlyglancedoverthem.Iwasnotsingularinmyopinionofthepamphlet，fornextdaytheprefectsintheimmediateneighbourhoodofParissentacopyofittotheFirstConsul，complainingofitsmischievouseffect;andIrecollectthatinoneoftheirlettersitwasstatedthatsuchaworkwascalculatedtodirectagainsthimtheponiardsofnewassassins.Afterreadingthiscorrespondencehesaidtome，\"Bourrienne，sentforFouche;hemustcomedirectly，andgiveanaccountofthismatter.\"InhalfanhourFouchewasintheFirstConsul’scabinet.Nosoonerhadheenteredthanthefollowingdialoguetookplace，inwhichtheimpetuouswarmthoftheonepartywasstrangelycontrastedwiththephlegmaticandrathersardoniccomposureoftheother.
\"Whatpamphletisthis？WhatissaidaboutitinParis？\"——\"General，thereisbutoneopinionofitsdangeroustendency.\"——\"Well，then，whydidyouallowittoappear？\"——\"General，Iwasobligedtoshowsomeconsiderationfortheauthor！\"——\"Considerationfortheauthor！Whatdoyoumean？Youshouldhavesenthimtothetemple.\"——\"But，General，yourbrotherLucienpatronisesthispamphlet.Ithasbeenprintedandpublishedbyhisorder.Inshort，itcomesfromtheofficeoftheMinisteroftheInterior.\"——\"Nomatterforthat！YourdutyasMinisterofPolicewastohavearrestedLucien，andsenthimtotheTemple.Thefooldoesnothingbutcontrivehowhecancommitme！\"
WiththesewordstheFirstConsulleftthecabinet，shuttingthedoorviolentlybehindhim.BeingnowalonewithFouche，IwaseagertogetanexplanationofthesuppressedsmilewhichhadmorethanoncecurledhislipsduringBonaparte’sangryexpostulation.Ieasilyperceivedthattherewassomethinginreserve.\"SendtheauthortotheTemple！\"saidFouche;\"thatwouldbenoeasymatter！AlarmedattheeffectwhichthisparallelbetweenCaesar，Cromwell，andBonapartewaslikelytoproduce，IwenttoLucientopointouttohimhisimprudence.Hemademenoanswer，butwentandgotamanuscript，whichheshowedme，andwhichcontainedcorrectionsandannotationsintheFirstConsul’shandwriting.\"
WhenLucienheardhowBonapartehadexpressedhisdispleasureatthepamphlet，healsocametotheTuileriestoreproachhisbrotherwithhavingthrusthimforwardandthenabandonedhim.\"’Tisyourownfault，\"
saidtheFirstConsul.\"Youhaveallowedyourselftobecaught！Somuchtheworseforyou！Foucheistoocunningforyou！Youareamerefoolcomparedwithhim！\"Lucientenderedhisresignation，whichwasaccepted，andhedepartedforSpain.Thisdiplomaticmissionturnedtohisadvantage.ItwasnecessarythatoneshouldveiltheMachiavellianinventionofthe’Parallel.’
——[The’Parallel’hasbeenattributedtodifferentwriters;somephrasesseemedtheworkofLucien，but，saysThiers（tomeiip.
210），itsrareeleganceoflanguageanditsclassicalknowledgeofhistoryshouldattributeittoitsrealanchor，Fontanel，JosephBonaparte（Erreurstomei.p.270）saysthatFontanelwroteit，andLucienBonapartecorrectedit.SeeMeneval，tomeiii.p.105.
WhoeverwroteitNapoleoncertainlyplanneditsissue.\"Itwas，\"
saidhetoRoederer，aworkofwhichhehimselfhadgiventheidea，butthelastpageswerebyafool\"（Miot，tomei，p.318）.SeealsoLanfrey，tomeii.p.208;andcomparethestoryinIung’sLucien，tomeii.p.490.Miot，thenintheconfidenceofJoseph，says，thatLucien’sremovalfrom，officewastheresultofanangryquarrelbetweenhimandFoucheinthepresenceofNapoleon，whenFoucheattackedLucien，notonlyforthepamphlet，butalsoforthedisorderofhispublicandhisprivatelife;butMiot（tomei，p，319）placesthedateofthisasthe3dNovember，whileBourriennedatesthedisapprovalofthepamphletinDecember.]——
Lucien，amongotherinstructions，wasdirectedtouseallhisendeavourstoinduceSpaintodeclareagainstPortugalinordertocompelthatpowertoseparateherselffromEngland.
TheFirstConsulhadalwaysregardedPortugalasanEnglishcolony，andheconceivedthattoattackitwastoassailEngland.HewishedthatPortugalshouldnolongerfavourEnglandinhercommercialrelations，butthat，likeSpain，sheshouldbecomedependentonhim.LucienwasthereforesentasambassadortoMadrid，tosecondtheMinistersofCharlesIV.inprevailingontheKingtoinvadePortugal.TheKingdeclaredwar，butitwasnotoflongduration，andterminatedalmostwithoutablowbeingstruck，bythetakingofOlivenza.Onthe6thofJune1801PortugalsignedthetreatyofBadajoz，bywhichshepromisedtocedeOlivenza，Almeida，andsomeotherfortressestoSpain，andtocloseherportsagainstEngland.TheFirstConsul，whowasdissatisfiedwiththetreaty，atfirstrefusedtoratifyit.HestillkepthisarmyinSpain，andthisproceedingdeterminedPortugaltoaccedetosomeslightalterationsinthefirsttreaty.ThisbusinessprovedveryadvantageoustoLucienandGodoy.
ThecabinetoftheTuilerieswasnottheonlyplaceinwhichthequestionofhereditarysuccessionwasdiscussed.ItwastheconstantsubjectofconversationinthesalonsofParis，whereanewdynastywasalreadyspokenof.ThiswasbynomeansdispleasingtotheFirstConsul;buthesawclearlythathehadcommittedamistakeinagitatingthequestionprematurely;forthisreasonhewagedwaragainsttheParallel，ashewouldnotbesuspectedofhavinghadanyshareinadesignthathadfailed.Onedayhesaidtome，\"IbelieveIhavebeenalittletooprecipitate.Thepearisnotquiteripe！\"TheConsulateforlifewasaccordinglypostponedtill1802，andthehereditaryempiretill1804.
AfterthefailureoftheartfulpublicationofthepamphletFoucheinvitedmetodinewithhim.AstheFirstConsulwishedmetodineoutasseldomaspossible，IinformedhimoftheinvitationIhadreceived.
Hewas，however，awareofitbefore，andheveryreadilygavemeleavetogo.AtdinnerJosephwasplacedontherightofFouche，andInexttoJoseph，whotalkedofnothingbuthisbrother，hisdesigns，thepamphlet，andthebadeffectproducedbyit.InallthatfellfromhimtherewasatoneofblameanddisapprovalItoldhimmyopinion，butwithgreaterreservethanIhadusedtowardshisbrother.HeseemedtoapproveofwhatIsaid;hisconfidenceencouragedme，andIsawwithpleasurethatheentertainedsentimentsentirelysimilartomyown.Hisunreservedmannersoimposeduponmethat，notwithstandingtheexperienceIhadacquired，Iwasfarfromsuspectingmyselftobeinthecompanyofaspy.
NextdaytheFirstConsulsaidtomeverycoldly，\"Leavemylettersinthebasket，Iwillopenthemmyself.\"Thisunexpecteddirectionsurprisedmeexceedingly，andIdeterminedtoplayhimatrickinrevengeforhisunfoundeddistrust.ForthreemorningsIlaidatthebottomofthebasketalltheletterswhichIknewcamefromtheMinisters，andallthereportswhichwereaddressedtomefortheFirstConsul.Ithencoveredthemoverwiththosewhich;judgingfromtheirenvelopesandseals，appearedtobeofthattriflingkindwithwhichtheFirstConsulwasdailyoverwhelmed：theseusuallyconsistedofrequeststhathewouldnamethenumberofalotteryticket，so，thatthewritermighthavethebenefitofhisgoodluck——solicitationsthathewouldstandgodfathertoachild——petitionsforplaces——announcementsofmarriagesandbirths——
absurdeulogies，etc.Unaccustomedtoopentheletters，hebecameimpatientattheirnumber，andheopenedveryfew.Oftenonthesameday，butalwaysonthemorrow，cameafreshletterfromaMinister，whoaskedforananswertohisformerone，andwhocomplainedofnothavingreceivedone.TheFirstConsulunsealedsometwentylettersandlefttherest.
Theopeningofalltheseletters，whichhewasnotatothertimesinthehabitoflookingat，annoyedhimextremely;butasIneitherwishedtocarrythejoketoofar，nortoremaininthedisagreeablepositioninwhichJoseph’streacheryhadplacedme，Ideterminedtobringthemattertoaconclusion.Afterthethirdday，whenthebusinessofthenight，whichhadbeeninterruptedbylittlefitsofill—humour，wasconcluded，Bonaparteretiredtobed.HalfanhourafterIwenttohischamber，towhichIwasadmittedatallhours.Ihadacandleinmyhand，and，takingachair，Isatdownontherightsideofthebed，andplacedthecandleonthetable.BothheandJosephineawoke.\"Whatisthematter？\"
heaskedwithsurprise.\"General，IhavecometotellyouthatIcannolongerremainhere，sinceIhavelostyourconfidence.YouknowhowsincerelyIamdevotedtoyou;ifyouhave，then，anythingtoreproachmewith，letmeatleastknowit，formysituationduringthelastthreedaysliesbeenverypainful.\"——\"WhathasBourriennedone？\"inquiredJosephineearnestly.——\"Thatdoesnotconcernyou，\"hereplied.Thenturningtomehesaid，\"Tistrue，Ihavecausetocomplainofyou.I
havebeeninformedthatyouhavespokenofimportantaffairsinaveryindiscreetmanner.\"——\"IcanassureyouthatIspoketononebutyourbrother.Itwashewholedmeintotheconversation，andhewastoowellversedinthebusinessformetotellhimanysecret.Hemayhavereportedtoyouwhathepleased，butcouldnotIdothesamebyhim？
Icouldaccuseandbetrayhimashehasaccusedandbetrayedme.WhenI
spokeinconfidencetoyourbrother，couldIregardhimasaninquisitor？\"——\"Imustconfess，\"repliedBonaparte，\"thatafterwhatI
heardfromJosephIthoughtitrighttoputmyconfidenceinquarantine.\"——\"Thequarantinehaslastedthreedays，General;surelythatislongenough.\"——\"Well，Bourrienne，letussaynomoreaboutit.Openmylettersasusual;youwillfindtheanswersagooddealinarrear，whichhasmuchvexedme;andbesides，Iwasalwaysstumblingonsomestupidnonsenseorother！\"
IfancyIstillseeandheartheamiableJosephinesittingupinbedandsaying，inhergentleway，\"What！Bonaparte，isitpossibleyoucouldsuspectBourrienne，whoissoattachedtoyou，andwhoisyouronlyfriend？Howcouldyousuffersuchasnaretobelaidforhim？What！
adinnergotuponpurpose！HowIhatetheseodiouspolicemanoeuvres！\"
——\"Gotosleep，\"saidBonaparte;letwomenmindtheirgewgaws，andnotinterferewithpolitics.\"ItwasneartwointhemorningbeforeI
retired.
When，afterafewhours’sleep，IagainsawtheFirstConsul，hewasmorekindtomethanever，andIperceivedthatforthepresenteverycloudhaddispersed.’
——[JosephBonaparte（Erreurs，tomei.p.273）sayswhathereportedtohisbrotherwasBourrienne’sconversationtohimintheFirstConsul’scabinetduringNapoleon’sabsence.ItiscuriousthatattheonlytimewhenNapoleonbecamedissatisfiedwithMeneval（Bourrienne’ssuccessor），andorderedhimnottoopentheletters，heusedthesameexpressionwhenreturningtotheusualorderofbusiness，whichinthiscasewastoafewhours.\"MydearMeneval，\"
saidhe，\"therearecircumstancesinwhichIamforcedtoputmyconfidenceinquarantine\"（Meneval，tomei.p.123）.ForanyonewhohashadtomanageanofficeitispleasanttofindthatevenNapoleonwasmuchdependentonagoodsecretary.Inanillnessofhissecretaryhesaid，showingtheencumbranceofhisdesk，\"withMenevalIshouldsoonclearoffallthat.\"（Meneval，tomei.p.151.]
CHAPTERIV.
1800—1801
AustriabribedbyEngland——M.deSt.JulieninParis——Duroc’smission——Ruptureofthearmistice——Surrenderofthreegarrisons——
M.OttoinLondon——BattleofHohenlinden——MadameMoreauandMadameHulot——Bonaparte’sill—treatmentofthelatter——CongressofLuneville——GeneralClarke——M.Maret——PeacebetweenFranceandAustria——JosephBonaparte’sspeculationsinthefunds——
M.deTalleyrand’sadvice——Post—officeregulation——Cambaceres——
ImportanceofgooddinnersintheaffairsofGovernment——Steamboatsandintriguers——DeathofPaulI.——NewthoughtsofthereestablishmentofPoland——DurocatSt.Petersburg——Briberejected——
DeathofAbercromby.
MmarmisticeconcludedafterthebattleofMarengo，whichhadbeenfirstbrokenandthenresumed，continuedtobeobservedforsometimebetweenthearmiesoftheRhineandItalyandtheImperialarmies.ButAustria，bribedbyasubsidyof2，000，000sterling，wouldnottreatforpeacewithouttheparticipationofEngland.Shedidnotdespairofrecommencingthewarsuccessfully.
M.deSt.JulienhadsignedpreliminariesatParis;buttheCourtofViennadisavowedthem，andDuroc，whomBonapartesenttoconveythepreliminariestoViennafortheImperialratification，wasnotpermittedtopasstheAustrianadvancepoets.Thisunexpectedproceeding，theresultoftheall—powerfulinfluenceofEngland，justlyincensedtheFirstConsul，whohadgivendecidedproofsofmoderationandawishforpeace.\"Iwantpeace，\"saidhetome，\"toenablemetoorganisetheinterior;thepeoplealsowantit.YouseetheconditionsIoffer.
Austria，thoughbeaten，obtainsallshegotatCampo—Formio.Whatcanshewantmore？Icouldmakefurtherexactions;but，withoutfearingthereversesof1799，Imustthinkofthefuture.Besides，Iwanttranquillity，toenablemetosettletheaffairsoftheinterior，andtosendaidtoMaltaandEgypt.ButIwillnotbetrifledwith.Iwillforceanimmediatedecision！\"
InhisirritationtheFirstConsuldespatchedorderstoMoreau，directinghimtobreakthearmisticeandresumehostilitiesunlessheregainedpossessionofthebridgesoftheRhineandtheDanubebythesurrenderofPhilipsburg，Ulm，andIngolstadt.TheAustriansthenofferedtotreatwithFranceonnewbases.EnglandwishedtotakepartintheCongress，buttothistheFirstConsulwouldnotconsentuntilsheshouldsignaseparatearmisticeandceasetomakecommoncausewithAustria.
TheFirstConsulreceivedintelligenceoftheoccupationofthethreegarrisonsonthe23dofSeptember，thedayhehadfixedinhisultimatumtoEnglandfortherenewalofhostilities.ButforthemeanwhilehewassatisfiedwiththeconcessionsofAustria：thatpower，intheexpectationofbeingsupportedbyEngland，askedheronwhattermsshewastotreat.
DuringthesecommunicationswithAustriaM.OttowasinLondonnegotiatingfortheexchangeofprisoners.EnglandwouldnothearofanarmisticebysealikethatwhichFrancehadconcludedwithAustriabyland.Sheallegedthat，incaseofarupture，FrancewouldderivefromthatarmisticegreateradvantagethanAustriawouldgainbythatalreadyconcluded.Thedifficultyanddelayattendingthenecessarycommunicationsrenderedthesereasonsplausible.TheFirstConsulconsentedtoacceptotherpropositionsfromEngland，andtoallowhertotakepartinthediscussionsofLuneville，butonconditionthatsheshouldsignatreatywithhimwithouttheinterventionofAustria.ThisEnglandrefusedtodo.Wearyofthisuncertainty，andthetergiversationofAustria，whichwasstillundertheinfluenceofEngland，andfeelingthattheprolongationofsuchastateofthingscouldonlyturntohisdisadvantage，Bonapartebrokethearmistice.HehadalreadyconsentedtosacrificeswhichhissuccessesinItalydidnotjustify.Thehopeofanimmediatepeacehadalonemadehimlosesightoftheimmenseadvantageswhichvictoryhadgivenhim.
FarfromappearingsensibletothemanyproofsofmoderationwhichtheFirstConsulevinced，thecombinedinsolenceofEnglandandAustriaseemedonlytoincrease.OrderswereimmediatelygivenforresumingtheoffensiveinGermanyandItaly，andhostilitiesthenrecommenced.
Thechancesoffortunewerelongdoubtful.AfterareverseAustriamadepromises，andafteranadvantagesheevadedthem;butfinally，fortuneprovedfavourabletoFrance.TheFrencharmiesinItalyandGermanycrossedtheMincioandtheDanube，andthecelebratedbattleofHohenlindenbroughttheFrenchadvancedpostswithintenleaguesofVienna.Thisvictorysecuredpeace;for，profitingbypastexperience，theFirstConsulwouldnothearofanysuspensionofarmsuntilAustriashouldconsenttoaseparatetreaty.Drivenintoherlastintrenchments，Austriawasobligedtoyield.SheabandonedEngland;andtheEnglishCabinet，inspiteofthesubsidyof2，000，000sterling，consentedtotheseparation.GreatBritainwasforcedtocometothisarrangementinconsequenceofthesituationtowhichthesuccessesofthearmyofMoreauhadreducedAustria，whichitwascertainwouldberuinedbylongerresistance.
EnglandwishedtoenterintonegotiationsatLuneville.TothistheFirstConsulacceded;but，ashesawthatEnglandwasseekingtodeceivehim，herequiredthatsheshouldsuspendhostilitieswithFrance，asAustriahaddone.BonaparteveryreasonablyallegedthatanindefinitearmisticeontheContinentwouldbemoretothedisadvantageofFrancethanalongarmisticebyseawouldbeunfavourabletoEngland.Allthisadjournedthepreliminariesto1801andthepeaceto1802.
TheimpatienceandindignationoftheFirstConsulhadbeenhighlyexcitedbytheevasionsofAustriaandtheplotsofEngland，forheknewalltheintriguesthatwerecarryingonfortherestorationoftheBourbons.HisjoymaybethereforeconceivedwhenthebattleofHohenlindenbalancedthescaleoffortuneinhisfavour.Onthe3dofDecember1800MoreaugainedthatmemorablevictorywhichatlengthputanendtothehesitationsoftheCabinetofVienna.
——[OntheeveofthebattleofHohenlindenMoreauwasatsupperwithhisaidesdecampandseveralgeneralofficers，whenadespatchwasdeliveredtohim.Afterhehadreaditbesaidtohisguests，thoughhewasfarfrombeinginthehabitofboasting，\"IamheremadeacquaintedwithBaronKray’smovements.TheyareallIcouldwish.To—morrowwewilltakefromhim10，000prisoners.\"Moreautook40，000，besidesagreatmanyflags.——Bourrienne.]——
Onthe6thofDecembertheFirstConsulreceivedintelligenceofthebattleofHohenlinden.ItwasonaSaturday，andhehadjustreturnedfromthetheatrewhenIdeliveredthedespatchestohim.Heliterallydancedforjoy.ImustsaythathedidnotexpectsoimportantaresultfromthemovementsofthearmyoftheRhine.Thisvictorygaveanewfacetohisnegotiationsforpeace，anddeterminedtheopeningoftheCongressofLuneville，whichtookplaceonthe1stofJanuaryfollowing.
OnreceivinginformationofthebattleofHohenlinden，MadameMoreaucametotheTuileriestocallontheFirstConsulandMadameBonaparte.Shedidnotseethem，andrepeatedhercallsseveraltimeswithnobettersuccess.Thelasttimeshecameshewasaccompaniedbyhermother，MadameHulot.Shewaitedforaconsiderabletimeinvain，andwhenshewasgoingawayhermother，whocouldnolongerrestrainherfeelings，saidaloud，beforemeandseveralpersonsofthehousehold，that\"itillbecamethewifeoftheconquerorofHohenlindentodanceattendanceinthisway.\"Thisremarkreachedtheearsofthosetowhomitwasdirected.MadameMoreaushortlyafterrejoinedherhusbandinGermany;
andsometimeafterherdepartureMadameHulotcametoMalmaisontosolicitpromotionforhereldestson，whowasinthenavy.JosephinereceivedMadameHulotverykindly，andrequestedhertostaytodinner.
Sheacceptedtheinvitation.TheFirstConsul，whodidnotseeheruntilthehourofdinner，treatedherverycoolly：hesaidlittletoher，andretiredassoonasdinnerwasover.HisrudenesswassomarkedandoffensivethatJosephine，whowasalwayskindandamiable，thoughtitnecessarytoapologise，byobservingthathismindwasdisturbedbythenon—arrivalofacourierwhomheexpected.
BonaparteentertainednodislikeofMoreau，becausehedidnotfearhim;
andafterthebattleofHohenlindenhespokeofhiminthehighestterms，andfranklyacknowledgedtheserviceshehadrenderedonthatimportantoccasion;buthecouldnotendurehiswife’sfamily，who，hesaid，wereasetofintriguers.
——[Napoleonhadgoodreasonforhisopinion.\"Moreauhadamother—
in—lawandawifelivelyandgiventointrigue.Bonapartecouldnotbearintriguingwomen.Besides，ononeoccasionMadameMoreau’smother，whenatMalmaison，hadindulgedinsharpremarksonasuspectedscandalousintimacybetweenBonaparteandhisyoungsisterCaroline，thenjustmarried.TheConsulhadnotforgivensuchconversation\"（Remusattomei.P.192）.seealsoMeneval，tomeiii.p.57，astothemischiefdonebyMadameHulot.]——
LunevillehavingbeenfixeduponfortheCongress，theFirstConsulsenthisbrotherJosephtotreatwithCountLouisdeCobentzel.OnhiswayJosephmetM.deCobentzel，whohadpassedLuneville，andwascomingtoParistosoundthesentimentsoftheFrenchGovernment.JosephreturnedtoPariswithhim.AftersomeconversationwiththeFirstConsultheysetoutnextdayforLuneville，ofwhichplaceBonaparteappointedGeneralClarkegovernor.ThisappearedtosatisfyClarke，whowasveryanxioustobesomething，andhadlongbeenimportuningBonaparteforanappointment.
AdayortwoafterthenewsofthebattleofHohenlindenM.MaretcametopresentforBonaparte’ssignaturesome，decreesmadeinCouncil.Whileaffixingthesignatures，andwithoutlookingup，theFirstConsulsaidtoM.Maret，whowasafavouritewithhim，andwhowasstandingathisrighthand，\"Areyourich，Maret？\"——\"No，General.\"——\"Somuchtheworse：amanshouldbeindependent.\"——\"General，Iwillneverbedependentonanyonebutyou.\"TheFirstConsulthenraisedhiseyestoMaretandsaid，\"Hem！thatisnotbad！\"andwhenthesecretary—generalwasgonehesaidtome，\"Maretisnotdeficientincleverness：hemademeaverygoodanswer.\"
Onthe9thofFebruary1801，sixweeksaftertheopeningoftheCongressofLuneville，peacewassignedbetweenAustriaandFrance.Thispeace——
thefruitofMarengoandHohenlinden——restoredFrancetothathonourablepositionwhichhadbeenputinjeopardybythefeebleandincapablegovernmentofthepentarchyandthereversesof1799.Thispeace，whichinthetreaty，accordingtocustom，wascalledperpetual，lastedfouryears.
JosephBonaparte，whiletreatingforFranceatLuneville，wasspeculatingontheriseofthefundswhichhethoughtthepeacewouldproduce.
Personsmorewise，whowerelikehiminthesecret，soldouttheirstockatthemomentwhenthecertaintyofthepeacebecameknown.ButJosephpurchasedtoagreatextent，inthehopeofsellingtoadvantageonthesignatureofpeace.However，thenewshadbeendiscounted，andafalltookplace.Joseph’slosswasconsiderable，andhecouldnotsatisfytheengagementsinwhichhisgreedyandsillyspeculationshadinvolvedhim.
Heappliedtohisbrother，whoneitherwishednorwasabletoadvancehimthenecessarysum.Bonapartewas，however，exceedinglysorrytoseehiselderbrotherinthisembarrassment.Heaskedmewhatwastobedone.
ItoldhimIdidnotknow;butIadvisedhimtoconsultM.deTalleyrand，fromwhomhehadoftenreceivedgoodadvice.Hedidso，andM.deTalleyrandreplied，withthatairofcoolnesswhichissopeculiartohim，\"What！isthatall？Oh！thatisnothing.Itiseasilysettled.
Youhaveonlytoraisethepriceofthefunds.\"——\"Butthemoney？\"——
\"Oh，themoneymaybeeasilyobtained.MakesomedepositsintheMont—
de—Piste，orthesinkingfund.Thatwillgiveyouthenecessarymoneytoraisethefunds;andthenJosephmaysellout，andrecoverhislosses.\"
M.deTalleyrand’sadvicewasadopted，andallsucceededashehadforetold.NonebutthosewhohaveheardM.deTalleyrandconversecanformanaccurateideaofhiseasymannerofexpressinghimself，hisimperturbablecoolness，thefixedunvaryingexpressionofhiscountenance，andhisvastfundofwit.
——[Talleyrandhadalargeexperienceinallsortsofspeculation.
Whenoldhegavethiscounseltooneofhisproteges：\"Donotspeculate.Ihavealwaysspeculatedonassuredinformation，andthathascostmesomanymillions;\"andhenamedhislosses.Wemaybelievethatinthisreckoningheratherforgottheamountofhisgains（Sainte—Beuve，Talleyrand，93）.]——
DuringthesittingoftheCongresstheFirstConsullearntthattheGovernmentcouriersconveyedtofavouredindividualsinParisvariousthings，butespeciallythedelicaciesofthetable，andheorderedthatthispracticeshouldbediscontinued.OntheveryeveningonwhichthisorderwasissuedCambaceresenteredthesalon，whereIwasalonewiththeFirstConsul，whohadalreadybeenlaughingatthemortificationwhichheknewthisregulationwouldoccasiontohiscolleague：\"Well，Cambaceres，whatbringsyouhereatthistimeofnight？\"——\"IcometosolicitanexceptiontotheorderwhichyouhavejustgiventotheDirectorofthePosts.Howdoyouthinkamancanmakefriendsunlesshekeepsagoodtable？YouknowverywellhowmuchgooddinnersassistthebusinessofGovernment.\"TheFirstConsullaughed，calledhimagourmand，and，pattinghimontheshoulder，said，\"Donotdistressyourself，mydearCambaceres;thecouriersshallcontinuetobringyouyour’dindesauxtruffes’，yourStrasburg’pates’，yourMayencehams，andyourothertitbits.\"
ThosewhorecollectthemagnificentdinnersgivenbyCambaceresandothers，whichwereageneraltopicofconversationatthetime，andwhoknewtheingeniouscalculationwhichwasobservedintheinvitationoftheguests，mustbeconvincedofthevastinfluenceofagooddinnerinpoliticalaffairs.AstoCambaceres，hedidnotbelievethatagoodgovernmentcouldexistwithoutgooddinners;andhisglory（foreverymanhashisownparticularglory）wastoknowthattheluxuriesofhistablewerethesubjectofeulogythroughoutParis，andevenEurope.AbanquetwhichcommandedgeneralsuffragewastohimaMarengooraFriedland.
——[BourriennedoesnotexaggeratethisexcellentqualityoftheworthyCambaceres.WhenBeugnotwassenttoadministertheGrandDuchyofBerg，Cambaceressaidtohim，\"MydearBeugnot，theEmperorarrangescrownsashechooses;hereistheGrandDukeofBerg（Murat）goingtoNaples;heiswelcome，Ihavenoobjection，buteveryyeartheGrandDukesentmeacoupleofdozenhamsfromhisGrandDuchy，andIwarnyouIdonotintendtolosethem，soyoumustmakeyourpreparationsIneveronceomittedtoacquitmyselfoftheobligation，andiftherewereanydelay，
hisHighnessneverfailedtocauseoneofhissecretariestowriteagoodscoldingtomyhousesteward;butwhenthehamsarrivedexactly，hishighnessneverfailedtowritetomywifehimselftothankher.
Thiswasnotall;thehamsweretocomecarriagefree.Thispettyjobberyoccasioneddiscontent，anditwouldnothavecostmemoretopaythecarriage.ThePrincewouldnotallowit.TherewasanagreementbetweenhimandLavalette（theheadofthePosts），AndmyLordappearedtolayasmuchstressontheperformanceofthistreatyasontheprocuringoftheham，（Beugnot，tomei.p.262）.
CambaceresneversufferedthecaresofGovernmenttodistracthisattentionfromthegreatobjectoflife.Ononeoccasion，forexample，beingdetainedinconsultationwithNapoleonbeyondtheappointedhourofdinner——itissaidthatthefateoftheDucd’Enghienwasthetopicunderdiscussion——hewasobserved，whenthehourbecameverylate，toshowgreatsymptomsofimpatiencesodrestlessness.Heatlastwroteanotewhichhecalledagentlemanusherinwaitingtocarry.Napoleon，suspectingthecontents，noddedtoanaidedecamptointerceptthedespatch.AshetookitintohishandsCambaceresbeggedearnestlythathewouldnotreadatriflingnoteupondomesticmatters.Napoleonpersisted，andfoundittobeanotetothecookcontainingonlythefollowingwords，\"Gardezlesentremetes——lesrotissontperdue.\"WhenNapoleonwasingoodhumorattheresultofadiplomaticconferencehewasaccustomedtotakeleaveoftheplenipotentiarieswith，\"Goanddine\"Cambaceres.\"Histablewasinfactanimportantstateengine，asappearsfromtheanecdoteofthetroutsenttohimbythemunicipalityofGeneva，andcharged300francsintheiraccounts.
TheImperial’CourdesComptes’havingdisallowedtheitem，wasinterdictedfrommeddlingwithsimilarmunicipalaffairsinfuture（Hayward’sArtofDining，p.20）.]
Atthecommencementof1801FultonpresentedtoBonapartehismemorialonsteamboats.Iurgedaseriousexaminationofthesubject.\"Bah！\"saidhe，\"theseprojectorsarealleitherintriguersorvisionaries.Don’ttroublemeaboutthebusiness.\"Iobservedthatthemanwhomhecalledanintriguerwasonlyrevivinganinventionalreadyknown，andthatitwaswrongtorejecttheschemewithoutexamination.Hewouldnotlistentome;andthuswasadjourned，forsometime，thepracticalapplicationofadiscoverywhichhasgivensuchanimportantimpulsetotradeandnavigation.
PaulI.fellbythehandsofassassinsonthenightofthe24thofMarch1801.TheFirstConsulwasmuchshockedonreceivingtheintelligence.
Intheexcitementcausedbythisunexpectedevent，whichhadsoimportantaninfluenceonhispolicy，hedirectedmetosendthefollowingnotetotheMoniteur：——
PaulI.diedonthenightofthe24thofMarch，andtheEnglishsquadronpassedtheSoundonthe30th.Historywillrevealtheconnectionwhichprobablyexistsbetweenthesetwoevents.
Thuswereannouncedthecrimeofthe24thofMarchandthenotill—
foundedsuspicionsofitsauthors.
——[Wedonotattempttorescuethefairnameofoutcountry.ThisisoneamongmanyinstancesinwhichBourriennewasmisled.——Editorof1886edition.]——
TheamicablerelationsofPaulandBonapartehadbeendailystrengthened.
\"InconcertwiththeCzar，\"saidBonaparte，\"IwassureofstrikingamortalblowattheEnglishpowerinIndia.Apalacerevolutionhasoverthrownallmyprojects.\"Thisresolution，andtheadmirationoftheAutocratofRussiafortheheadoftheFrenchRepublic，maycertainlybenumberedamongthecausesofPaul’sdeath.Theindividualsgenerallyaccusedatthetimewerethosewhowereviolentlyandperseveringlythreatened，andwhohadthestrongestinterestinthesuccessionofanewEmperor.Ihaveseenaletterfromanorthernsovereignwhichinmymindleavesnodoubtonthissubject，andwhichspecifiedtherewardofthecrime，andtheparttobeperformedbyeachactor.ButitmustalsobeconfessedthattheconductandcharacterofPaulI.，histyrannicalacts，hisviolentcaprices，andhisfrequentexcessesofdespotism，hadrenderedhimtheobjectofaccumulatedhatred，forpatiencehasitslimit.Thesecircumstancesdidnotprobablycreatetheconspiracy，buttheyconsiderablyfacilitatedtheexecutionoftheplotwhichdeprivedtheCzarofhisthroneandhislife.
AssoonasAlexanderascendedthethronetheideasoftheFirstConsulrespectingthedismembermentofPolandwererevived，andalmostwhollyengrossedhismind.DuringhisfirstcampaigninItaly，andseveraltimeswheninEgypt，hetoldSulkowskythatitwashisardentwishtoreestablishPoland，toavengetheiniquityofherdismemberment，andbythatgrandrepertoryacttorestoretheformerequilibriumofEurope.Heoftendictatedtomeforthe’Moniteur’articlestendingtoprove，byvariousarguments，thatEuropewouldneverenjoyreposeuntilthosegreatspoilationswereavengedandrepaired;buthefrequentlydestroyedthesearticlesinsteadofsendingthemtopress.HissystemofpolicytowardsRussiachangedshortlyafterthedeathofPaul.Thethoughtofawaragainstthatempireunceasinglyoccupiedhismind，andgavebirthtotheideaofthatfatalcampaignwhichtookplaceelevenyearsafterwards，andwhichhadothercausesthanthere—establishmentofPoland.Thatobjectwasmerelysetforwardasapretext.
DurocwassenttoSt.PetersburgtocongratulatetheEmperorAlexanderonhisaccessiontothethrone.HearrivedintheRussiancapitalonthe24thofMay.Duroc，，whowasatthistimeveryyoung，wasagreatfavouriteoftheFirstConsul.HeneverimportunedBonapartebyhissolicitations，andwasnevertroublesomeinrecommendinganyoneorbusyinghimselfasanagentforfavour;yethewarmlyadvocatedthecauseofthosewhomhethoughtinjured，andhonestlyrepelledaccusationswhichheknewtobefalse.Thesemoralqualities;joinedtoanagreeablepersonandelegantmanners，renderedhimaverysuperiorman.
Theyear1801was，moreover，markedbythefatalcreationofspecialtribunals，whichwereinnowayjustifiedbytheurgencyofcircumstances.Thisyearalsosawthere—establishmentoftheAfricanCompany，thetreatyofLuneville（whichaugmentedtheadvantagesFrancehadobtainedbythetreatyofCampo—Formio），andthepeaceconcludedbetweenSpainandPortugalbymeansofLucien.OnthesubjectofthispeaceImaymentionthat.Portugal，toobtainthecessionofOlivenza，secretlyofferedBonaparte，throughme，8，000，000offrancsifhewouldcontributehisinfluencetowardstheacquisitionofthattownbyPortugal.He，rejectedthisofferindignantly，declaringthathewouldneversellhonourformoney.HehasbeenaccusedofhavinglistenedtoasimilarpropositionatPasseriano，thoughinfactnosuchpropositionwasevermadetohim.Thosewhobringforwardsuchaccusationslittleknowtheinflexibilityofhisprinciplesonthispoint.
OneeveninginApril1801anEnglishpaper——theLondonGazette——arrivedatMalmaison.ItannouncedthelandinginEgyptofthearmycommandedbyAbercromby，thebattlegivenbytheEnglish，andthedeathoftheirGeneral.Iimmediatelytranslatedthearticle，andpresentedittotheFirstConsul，withtheconvictionthatthenewswouldbeverypainfultohim.Hedoubteditstruth，oratleastpretendedtodoso.Severalofficersandaidesdecampwhowereinthesaloncoincidedinhisopinion，especiallyLannes，Bessieres，andDuroc.TheythoughtbysodoingtopleasetheFirstConsul，whothensaidtome，inajeeringtone，\"Bah！youdonotunderstandEnglish.Thisisthewaywithyou：youarealwaysinclinedtobelievebadnewsratherthangood！\"Thesewords，andtheapprovingsmilesofthegentlemenpresent，ruffledme，andIsaidwithsomewarmth，\"How，General，canyoubelievethattheEnglishGovernmentwouldpublishofficiallysoimportantaneventifitwerenottrue？DoyouthinkthataGovernmentthathasanyself—respectwould，inthefaceofEurope，stateafalsehoodrespectinganaffairthetruthofwhichcannotlongremainunknown？DidyoueverknowaninstanceofsoimportantanannouncementprovinguntrueafterithadbeenpublishedintheLondonGazette？Ibelieveittobetrue，andthesmilesofthesegentlemenwillnotaltermyopinion.\"OntheseobservationstheFirstConsulroseandsaid，\"Come，Bourrienne，Iwantyouinthelibrary.\"
Afterwehadleftthesalonheadded，\"Thisisalwaysthewaywithyou.
Whyareyouvexedatsuchtrifles？IassureyouIbelievethenewsbuttooconfidently，andIfeareditbeforeitcame.Buttheythinktheypleasemebythusappearingtodoubtit.Nevermindthem.\"——\"Iaskyourpardon，\"saidI，\"butIconceivethebestwayofprovingmyattachmenttoyouistotellyouwhatIbelievetobetrue.Youdesiremenottodelayamomentinannouncingbadnewstoyou.Itwouldbefarworsetodisguisethantoconcealit.\"
CHAPTERV.
1801—1802.
Anexperimentofroyalty——LouisdeBourbonandMariaLouisa，ofSpain——CreationofthekingdomofEtruria——TheCountofLeghorninParis——Entertainmentsgivenhim——Bonaparte’sopinionoftheKingofEtruria——HisdepartureforFlorence，andbadreceptionthere——
NegotiationswiththePope——Bonaparte’sopiniononreligion——TeDeumatNotreDame——Behaviourofthepeopleinthechurch——IrreligionoftheConsularCourt——Augerean’sremarkontheTeDeum——FirstMassatSt.Cloud—MassinBonaparte’sapartments——Talleyrandrelievedfromhisclericalvows——MyappointmenttotheCouncilofState.
BeforeheplacedtwocrownsonhisownheadBonapartethoughtitwouldpromotetheinterestsofhispolicytoplaceoneontheheadofaprince，andevenaprinceoftheHouseofBourbon.HewishedtoaccustomtheFrenchtothesightofaking.Itwillhereafterbeseenthathegavesceptres，likehisconfidence，conditionally，andthathewasalwaysreadytoundohisownworkwhenitbecameanobstacletohisambitiousdesigns.
InMay1801theInfantaofSpain，MariaLouisa，thirddaughterofCharlesIV.，visitedParis.TheInfanteLouisdeBourbon，eldestsonoftheDukeofParma，hadgonetoMadridin1798tocontractamarriagewithMariaAmelia，thesisterofMariaLouisa;buthefellinlovewiththelatter.
Godoyfavouredtheattachment，andemployedallhisinfluencetobringaboutthemarriage.Thesonwho，sixyearslater，wasbornofthisunion，wasnamedCharlesLouis，aftertheKingofSpain.FranceoccupiedtheDuchyofParma，which，infulfilmentoftheconventionssignedbyLucienBonaparte，wastobelongtoherafterthedeathofthereigningDuke.Ontheotherhand，FrancewastocedetheGrandDuchyofTuscanytothesonoftheDukeofParma;andSpainpaidtoFrance，accordingtostipulation，aconsiderablesumofmoney.SoonafterthetreatywascommunicatedtoDonLouisandhiswifetheyleftMadridandtravelledthroughFrance.TheprincetookthetitleofCountofLeghorn.AllaccountsareunanimousastotheattentionswhichthePrinceandPrincessreceivedontheirjourney.Amongthe，fetesinhonouroftheillustriouscouplethatgivenbyM.deTalleyrandatNeuillywasremarkableformagnificence.
WhentheCountofLeghornwascomingtopayhisfirstvisittoMalmaisonBonapartewentintothedrawing—roomtoseethateverythingwassuitablypreparedforhisreception.Inafewminuteshereturnedtohiscabinetandsaidtome，somewhatoutofhumour，\"Bourrienne，onlythinkoftheirstupidity;theyhadnottakendownthepicturerepresentingmeonthesummitoftheAlpspointingtoLombardyandcommandingtheconquestofit.IhaveordereditsremovalHowmortifyingitwouldhavebeenifthePrincehadseenit！\"
Anotherpictureinthedrawing—roomatMalmaisonrepresentedtheFirstConsulsleepingonthesnowonthesummitoftheAlpsbeforethebattleofMarengo.
TheCountofLeghorn’svisittoParisimpartedbrilliancytothefirstyearsofthereignofBonaparte，ofwhomitwasatthattimesaid，\"Hemadekings，butwouldnotbeone！\"
AttherepresentationofAEdipus，thefollowingexpressionofPhilacteteswasreceivedwithtransport：——
\"J’aifaitdesSouverains，etn’aipasvoulul’etre.\"
[\"MonarchsI’vemade，butoneIwouldnotbe.\"]
TheFirstConsul，onleavingthetheatre，didnotconcealhissatisfaction.Hejudged，fromtheapplausewithwhichthatversehadbeenreceived，thathispamphletwasforgotten.Themanner，moreover，inwhichaking，crownedbyhishands，hadbeenreceivedbythepublic，wasnoindifferentmattertohim，asheexpectedthatthepeoplewouldthusagainbecomefamiliarwithwhathadbeensolongproscribed.
ThisKing，who，thoughwellreceivedandwellentertained，wasinallrespectsaveryordinaryman，departedforItaly.Isayveryordinary，notthatIhadanopportunityofjudgingofhischaractermyself，buttheFirstConsultoldmethathiscapabilitieswereextremelylimited;thatheevenfeltrepugnancetotakeapeninhishand;thathenevercastathoughtonanythingbuthispleasures：inaword，thathewasafool.
Oneday，aftertheFirstConsulhadspentseveralhoursincompanywithhimandhisconsort，hesaidtome，\"Iamquitetired.Heisamereautomaton.Iputanumberofquestionstohim，buthecananswernone.
Heisobligedtoconsulthiswife，whomakeshimunderstandaswellassheisablewhatheoughttosay.\"TheFirstConsuladded，\"ThepoorPrincewillsetoffto—morrow，withoutknowingwhatheisgoingtodo.\"
IobservedthatitwasapitytoseethehappinessofthepeopleofTuscanyentrustedtosuchaprince.Bonapartereplied，\"Policyrequiresit.Besides，theyoungmanisnotworsethantheusualrunofkings.\"
ThePrincefullyjustifiedinTuscanytheopinionwhichtheFirstConsulformedofhim.
——[ThisunfortunatePrincewasveryill—calculatedtorecommend，byhispersonalcharacter，theinstitutionstowhichthenobilityclungwithsomuchfondness.Naturehadendowedhimwithanexcellentheart，butwithverylimitedtalents;andhismindhadimbibedthefalseimpressconsequentuponhismonasticeducation.HeresidedatMalmaisonnearlythewholetimeofhisvisittoParis.MadameBonaparteusedtoleadtheQueentoherownapartments;andastheFirstConsulneverlefthisclosetexcepttositdowntomeals，theaidesdecampwereunderthenecessityofkeepingtheKingcompany，andofendeavoringtoentertainhim，sowhollywashedevoidofintellectualresources.Itrequired，indeed，agreatshareofpatiencetolistentothefrivolitieswhichengrossedhisattention.
Histurnofmindbeingthuslaidopentoview，carewastakentosupplyhimwiththeplaythingsusuallyplacedinthehandsofchildren;hewas，therefore，neveratalossforoccupation.Hisnonentitywasasourceofregrettous：welamentedtoseestallhandsomeyouth，destinedtoruleoverhisfellow—men，tremblingattheeightofahorse，andwastinghistimeinthegameofhide—and—
seek，oratleap—frogandwhosewholeinformationconsistedinknowinghisprayers，andinsayinggracebeforeandaftermeals.
Such，nevertheless，wasthemantowhomthedestiniesofanationwereabouttobecommitted！WhenheleftFrancetorepairtohiskingdom，\"Romeneednotbeuneasy，\"saidtheFirstConsultousafterthefarewellaudience，\"thereisnodangerofhiscrossingtheRubicon\"（MemoirsoftheDukeofRovigo，vol.i.p.363）.
InordertoshowstillfurtherattentiontotheKingofEtruria，afterhisthreeweeks’visittoParis，theFirstConsuldirectedhimtobeescortedtoItalybyaFrenchguard，andselectedhisbrother—in—lawMuratforthatpurpose.