ItwassomewhatremarkableatthattimeMurat，notwithstandinghisnewly—
acquiredrank，toremainBonaparte’s’aidedecamp’，theregulationsnotallowingageneral—in—chiefan’aidedecamp’ofhigherrankthanchiefofbrigade，whichwasequaltothatofcolonel：Thisinsignificantactwas，therefore，ratherahastyanticipationoftheprerogativeseverywherereservedtoprincesandkings.
ItwasafterhavingdischargedthiscommissionthatMurat，onhisreturntoItaly，fellintodisfavourwiththeGeneral—inChief.Heindeedlookeduponhimwithasortofhostilefeeling，andplacedhiminReille’sdivision，andafterwardsBaragasyd’Hilliers’;consequently，whenwewenttoParis，afterthetreatyofCampo—Formio，Muratwasnotoftheparty.Butastheladies，withwhomhewasagreatfavourite，werenotdevoidofinfluencewiththeMinisterofWar，Muratwas，bytheirinterest，attachedtotheengineercorpsintheexpeditiontoEgypt.
OnboardtheOrientheremainedinthemostcompletedisgrace.Bonapartedidnotaddressawordtohimduringthepassage;andinEgypttheGeneral—in—Chiefalwaystreatedhimwithcoldness，andoftensenthimfromtheheadquartersondisagreeableservices.However，theGeneral—in—
ChiefhavingopposedhimtoMouradBey，MuratperformedsuchprodigiesofvalourineveryperilousencounterthatheeffacedthetransitorystainwhichamomentaryhesitationunderthewallsofMantuahadleftonhischaracter.Finally，MuratsopowerfullycontributedtothesuccessofthedayatAboukirthatBonaparte，gladtobeabletocarryanotherlaurelpluckedinEgypttoFrance，forgotthefaultwhichhadmadesounfavourableanimpression，andwasinclinedtoeffacefromhismemoryotherthingsthathehadheardtothedisadvantageofMurat;forIhavegoodreasonsforbelieving，thoughBonapartenever，toldmeso，thatMurat’sname，aswellasthatofCharles，escapedfromthelipsofJunotwhenhemadehisindiscreetcommunicationtoBonaparteatthewallsofMessoudiah.Thechargeofgrenadiers，commandedbyMuratonthe19thBrumaireinthehalloftheFiveHundred，dissipatedalltheremainingtracesofdislike;andinthosemomentswhenBonaparte’spoliticalviewssubduedeveryothersentimentofhismind，therivalofthePrinceSantaCrocereceivedthecommandoftheConsularGuard.
——[JoachimMurat（1771—1616），thesonofaninnkeeper，aidedecamptoNapoleoninItaly，etc.;Marshal，1804;Princein1806;GrandAdmiral;GrandDucdeBergetdeClesves，1808;KingofNaples，1808.ShotbyBourbons13thOctober1815.MarriedCarolineBonaparte（thirdsisterofNapoleon）20thJanuary1600.]——
ItmayreasonablybesupposedthatMadameBonaparte，inendeavouringtowinthefriendshipofMuratbyaidinghispromotion，hadinviewtogainonepartisanmoretoopposetothefamilyandbrothersofBonaparte;andofthiskindofsupportshehadmuchneed.Theirjealoushatredwasdisplayedoneveryoccasion;andtheamiableJosephine，whoseonlyfaultwasbeingtoomuchofthewoman，wascontinuallytormentedbysadpresentiments.Carriedawaybytheeasinessofhercharacter，shedidnotperceivethatthecoquetrywhichenlistedforhersomanydefendersalsosuppliedherimplacableenemieswithweaponstouseagainsther.
InthisstateofthingsJosephine，whowaswellconvincedthatshehadattachedMurattoherselfbythebondsoffriendshipandgratitude，andardentlydesiredtoseehimunitedtoBonapartebyafamilyconnection，favouredwithallherinfluencehismarriagewithCaroline.ShewasnotignorantthatacloseintimacyhadalreadysprungupatMilanbetweenCarolineandMurat，andshewasthefirsttoproposeamarriage.Murathesitated，andwenttoconsultM.Collot，whowasagoodadviserinallthings，andwhoseintimacywithBonapartehadinitiatedhimintoallthesecretsofthefamily.M.CollotadvisedMurattolosenotime，buttogototheFirstConsulandformallydemandthehandofhissister.Muratfollowedhisadvice.Didhedowell？ItwastothisstepthatheowedthethroneofNaples.IfhehadabstainedhewouldnothavebeenshotatPizzo.’SedipsiDeifatarumperenonpossunt！’
Howeverthatmightbe，Bonapartereceived，moreinthemannerofasovereignthanofabrotherinarms，theproposalofMurat.Heheardhimwithunmovedgravity，saidthathewouldconsiderthematter，butgavenopositiveanswer.
Thisaffairwas，asmaybesupposed，thesubjectofconversationintheeveninginthe;salonoftheLuxembourg.MadameBonaparteemployedallherpowersofpersuasiontoobtaintheFirstConsul’sconsent，andhereffortsweresecondedbyHortense，Eugene，andmyself，\"Murat，\"saidhe，amongotherthings，\"Muratisaninnkeeper’sson.Intheelevatedrankwheregloryandfortunehaveplacedme，Inevercanmixhisbloodwithmine！Besides，thereisnohurry：Ishallseebyandby.\"Weforciblydescribedtohimthereciprocalaffectionofthetwoyoungpeople，anddidnotfailtobringtohisobservationMurat’sdevotedattachmenttohisperson，hissplendidcourageandnobleconductinEgypt.\"Yes，\"saidhe，withwarmth，\"Iagreewithyou;MuratwassuperbatAboukir.\"Wedidnotallowsofavourableamomenttopassby.Weredoubledourentreaties，andatlastheconsented.Whenweweretogetherinhiscabinetintheevening，\"Well;Bourrienne，\"saidhetome，\"yououghttobesatisfied，andsoamI，too，everythingconsidered.Muratissuitedtomysister，andthennoonecansaythatIamproud，orseekgrandalliances.IfIhadgivenmysistertoanoble，allyourJacobinswouldhaveraisedacryofcounter—revolution.Besides，Iamverygladthatmywifeisinterestedinthismarriage，andyoumayeasilysupposethecause.Sinceitisdeterminedon，Iwillhastenitforward;wehavenotimetolose.IfIgotoItalyIwilltakeMuratwithme.Imuststrikeadecisiveblowthere.Adieu.\"
WhenIenteredtheFirstConsul’schamberatseveno’clockthenextdayheappearedevenmoresatisfiedthanontheprecedingeveningwiththeresolutionhehadtaken.Ieasilyperceivedthatinspiteofallhiscunning，hehadfailedtodiscovertherealmotivewhichhadinducedJosephinetotakesolivelyaninterestrespectingMurat’smarriagewithCaroline.StillBonaparte’ssatisfactionplainlyshowedthathiswife’seagernessforthemarriagehadremovedalldoubtinhismindofthefalsityofthecalumniousreportswhichhadprevailedrespectingherintimacywithMurat.
ThemarriageofMuratandCarolinewascelebratedattheLuxembourg，butwithgreatmodesty.TheFirstConsuldidnotyetthinkthathisfamilyaffairswereaffairsofstate.ButpreviouslytothecelebrationalittlecomedywasenactedinwhichIwasobligedtotakeapart，andI
willrelatehow.
AtthetimeofthemarriageofMuratBonapartehadnotmuchmoney，andthereforeonlygavehissisteradowryof30，000francs.Still，thinkingitnecessarytomakeheramarriagepresent，andnotpossessingthemeanstopurchaseasuitableone，hetookadiamondnecklacewhichbelongedtohiswifeandgaveittothebride.Josephinewasnotatallpleasedwiththisrobbery，andtaxedherwitstodiscoversomemeansofreplacinghernecklace.
JosephinewasawarethatthecelebratedjewelerFoncierpossessedamagnificentcollectionoffinepearlswhichhadbelonged，ashesaid，tothelateQueen，.MarieAntoinette.Havingorderedthemtobebroughttohertoexaminethem，shethoughtthereweresufficienttomakeaveryfinenecklace.Buttomakethepurchase250，000francswererequired，andhowtogetthemwasthedifficulty.MadameBonapartehadrecoursetoBerthier，whowasthenMinisterofWar.Berthier，after，bitinghisnailsaccordingtohisusualhabit，setabouttheliquidationofthedebtsdueforthehospitalserviceinItalywithasmuchspeedaspossible;andasinthosedaysthecontractorswhoseclaimswereadmittedoverflowedwithgratitudetowardstheirpatrons，throughwhomtheyobtainedpayment，thepearlssoonpassedfromFoncier’sshoptothecasketofMadameBonaparte.
Thepearlsbeingthusobtained，therewasstillanotherdifficulty，whichMadameBonapartedidnotatfirstthinkof.Howwasshetowearanecklacepurchasedwithoutherhusband’sknowledge？IndeeditwasthemoredifficultforhertodosoastheFirstConsulknewverywellthathiswifehadnomoney，andbeing，ifImaybeallowedtheexpression，somethingofthebusybody，heknew，orbelievedheknew，allJosephine’sjewels.ThepearlswerethereforecondemnedtoremainmorethanafortnightinMadameBonaparte’scasketwithoutherdaringtousethem.
Whatapunishmentforawoman！Atlengthhervanityovercameherprudence，andbeingunabletoconcealthejewelsanylonger，sheonedaysaidtome，\"Bourrienne，thereistobealargepartyhereto—morrow，andIabsolutelymustwearmypearls.Butyouknowhewillgrumbleifhenoticesthem.Ibeg，Bourrienne，thatyouwillkeepnearme.IfheasksmewhereIgotmypearlsImusttellhim，withouthesitation，thatIhavehadthemalongtime.\"
EverythinghappenedasJosephinefearedandhoped.
Bonaparte，onseeingthepearls，didnotfailtosaytoMadame，\"Whatisityouhavegotthere？Howfineyouareto—day！Wheredidyougetthesepearls？IthinkIneversawthembefore.\"——\"Oh！’monDieu’！youhaveseenthemadozentimes！ItisthenecklacewhichtheCisalpineRepublicgaveme，andwhichInowwearinmyhair.\"——\"ButIthink——\"——\"Stay：askBourrienne，hewilltellyou.\"——\"Well，Bourrienne，whatdoyousaytoit？
Doyourecollectthenecklace？\"——\"Yes，General，Irecollectverywellseeingitbefore.\"Thiswasnotuntrue，forMadameBonapartehadpreviouslyshownmethepearls.Besides，shehadreceivedapearlnecklacefromtheCisalpineRepublic，butofincomparablylessvaluethanthatpurchasedfromFancier.Josephineperformedherpartwithcharmingdexterity，andIdidnotactamissthecharacterofaccompliceassignedmeinthislittlecomedy.Bonapartehadnosuspicions.WhenIsawtheeasyconfidencewithwhichMadameBonapartegotthroughthisscene，I
couldnothelprecollectingSuzanne’sreflectiononthereadinesswithwhichwell—bredladiescantellfalsehoodswithoutseemingtodoso.
CHAPTERXXXI.
1800.
Policeonpolice——Falseinformation——DexterityofFouche——Policeagentsdeceived——Moneyillapplied——Inutilityofpoliticalpolice——
Bonaparte’sopinion——Generalconsiderations——MyappointmenttothePrefectureofpolice.
BeforetakinguphisquartersintheTuileriestheFirstConsulorganisedhissecretpolice，whichwasintended，atthesametime，tobetherivalorcheckuponFouche’spolice.DurocandMonceywereatfirsttheDirectorofthispolice;afterwardsDavonstandJunot.MadameBonapartecalledthisbusinessavilesystemofespionage.Myremarksontheinutilityofthemeasureweremadeinvain.BonapartehadtheweaknessatoncetofearFoucheandtothinkhimnecessary.Fouche，whosetalentsatthistradearetoowellknowntoneedmyapprobation，soondiscoveredthissecretinstitution，andthenamesofallthesubalternagentsemployedbythechiefagents.Itisdifficulttoformanideaofthenonsense，absurdity，andfalsehoodcontainedinthebulletinsdrawnupbythenobleandignobleagentsofthepolice.Idonotmeantoenterintodetailsonthisnauseatingsubject;andIshallonlytrespassonthereader’spatiencebyrelating，thoughitbeinanticipation，onefactwhichconcernsmyself，andwhichwillprovethatspiesandtheirwretchedreportscannotbetoomuchdistrusted.
DuringthesecondyearoftheConsulatewewereestablishedatMalmaison.
Junothadaverylargesumathisdisposalforthesecretpoliceofthecapital.Hegave3000francsofittoawretchedmanufacturerofbulletins;theremainderwasexpendedonthepoliceofhisstableandhistable.InreadingoneofthesedailybulletinsIsawthefollowinglines：
\"M.deBourriennewentlastnighttoParis.HeenteredanhoteloftheFaubourgSt.Germain，RuedeVarenne，andthere，inthecourseofaveryanimateddiscussion，hegaveittobeunderstoodthattheFirstConsulwishedtomakehimselfKing.\"
Asithappens，Ineverhadopenedmymouth，eitherrespectingwhatBonapartehadsaidtomebeforewewenttoEgyptorrespectinghisotherfrequentconversationswithmeofthesamenature，duringthisperiodofhisConsulship.Imayhereobserve，too，thatIneverquitted，norevercouldquitMalmaisonforamoment.Atanytime，bynightorday，IwassubjecttobecalledforbytheFirstConsul，and，asveryoftenwasthecase，itsohappenedthatonthenightinquestionhehaddictatedtomenotesandinstructionsuntilthreeo’clockinthemorning.
JunotcameeverydaytoMalmaisonateleveno’clockinthemorning.I
calledhimthatdayintomycabinet，whenIhappenedtobealone.\"Haveyounotreadyourbulletin？\"saidI，\"Yes，Ihave.\"——\"Nay，thatisimpossible.\"——\"Why？\"——\"Because，ifyouhad，youwouldhavesuppressedanabsurdstorywhichrelatestome.\"——\"Ah！\"hereplied，\"Iamsorryonyouraccount，butIcandependonmyagent，andIwillnotalterawordofhisreport.\"Ithentoldhimallthathadtakenplaceonthatnight;buthewasobstinate，andwentawayunconvinced.
EverymorningIplacedallthepaperswhichtheFirstConsulhadtoreadonhistable，andamongthe，firstwasJunot’sreport.TheFirstConsulenteredandreadit;oncomingtothepassageconcerningmehebegantosmile.
\"Haveyoureadthisbulletin？\"——\"yes，General.\"——\"WhatanassthatJunotis！ItisalongtimesinceIhaveknownthat.\"——\"Howheallowshimselftobeentrapped！Ishestillhere？\"——\"Ibelieveso.Ihavejustseenhim，andmadeobservationstohim，allingoodpart，buthewouldhearnothing.\"——\"Tellhimtocomehere.\"WhenJunotappearedBonapartebegan——\"Imbecilethatyouare！howcouldyousendmesuchreportsasthese？
Doyounotreadthem？HowshallIbesurethatyouwillnotcompromiseotherpersonsequallyunjustly？Iwantpositivefacts，notinventions.
Itissometimesinceyouragentdispleasedme;dismisshimdirectly.\"
Junotwantedtojustifyhimself，butBonapartecuthimshort——\"Enough！—
Itissettled！\"
IrelatedwhathadpassedtoFouche，whotoldmethat，wishingtoamusehimselfatJunot’sexpense，whosepoliceagentsonlypickedupwhattheyheardrelatedincoffeehouses，gaming—houses，andtheBourse，hehadgivencurrencytothisabsurdstory，whichJunothadcreditedandreported，ashedidmanyotherfoolishtales.FoucheoftencaughtthepoliceofthePalaceinthesnareshelaidforthem，andthusincreasedhisowncredit.
Thiscircumstance，andothersofthesamenature，inducedtheFirstConsultoattachlessimportancethanatfirsthehadtohissecretpolice，whichseldomreportedanythingbutfalseandsillystories.
Thatwretchedpolice！DuringthetimeIwaswithhimitembitteredhislife，andoftenexasperatedhimagainsthiswife，hisrelations，andfriends.
——[Bourrienne，itmustberemembered，wasasuffererfromthevigilanceofthispolice.]——
Rapp，whowasasfrankashewasbrave，tellsusinhisMemoirs（p.233）
thatwhenNapoleon，duringhisretreatfromMoscow，whilebeforeSmolenski，heardoftheattemptofMallet，hecouldnotgetovertheadventureofthePoliceMinister，Savary，andthePrefectofPolice，Pasquier.\"Napoleon，\"saysRapp，\"wasnotsurprisedthatthesewretches（hemeanstheagentsofthepolice）whocrowdthesalonsandthetaverns，whoinsinuatethemselveseverywhereandobstructeverything，shouldnothavefoundouttheplot，buthecouldnotunderstandtheweaknessoftheDucdeRovigo.Theverypolicewhichprofessedtodivineeverythinghadletthemselvesbetakenbysurprise.\"Thepolicepossessednoforesightorfacultyofprevention.Everysillythingthattranspiredwasreportedeitherfrommaliceorstupidity.Whatwasheardwasmisunderstoodordistortedintherecital，sothattheonlyresultoftheplanwasmischiefandconfusion.
Thepoliceasapoliticalengineisadangerousthing.Itfomentsandencouragesmorefalseconspiraciesthanitdiscoversordefeatsrealones.Napoleonhasrelated\"thatM.delaRochefoucauldformedatParisaconspiracyinfavouroftheKing，thenatMittau，thefirstactofwhichwastobethedeathoftheChiefoftheGovernment：Theplotbeingdiscovered，atrustypersonbelongingtothepolicewasorderedtojoinitandbecomeoneofthemostactiveagents.HebroughtlettersofrecommendationfromanoldgentlemaninLorrainewhohadheldadistinguishedrankinthearmyofConde.\"Afterthis，whatmorecanbewanted？Ahundredexamplescouldnotbettershowthevilenessofsuchasystem.Napoleon，whenfallen，himselfthusdisclosedthescandalousmeansemployedbyhisGovernment.
Napoleonononeoccasion，intheIsleofElba，saidtoanofficerwhowasconversingwithhimaboutFrance，\"Youbelieve，then;thatthepoliceagentsforeseeeverythingandknoweverything？Theyinventmorethantheydiscover.Mine，Ibelieve，wasbetterthanthattheyhavegotnow，andyetitwasoftenonlybymerechance，theimprudenceofthepartiesimplicated，orthetreacheryofsomeofthem，thatsomethingwasdiscoveredafteraweekorfortnight’sexertion.\"Napoleon，indirectingthisofficertotransmitletterstohimunderthecoverofacommercialcorrespondence，toquiethisapprehensionsthatthecorrespondencemightbediscovered，said，\"Doyouthink，then，thatalllettersareopenedatthepostoffice？Theywouldneverbeabletodoso.Ihaveoftenendeavouredtodiscoverwhatthecorrespondencewasthatpassedundermercantileforms，butIneversucceeded.Thepostoffice，likethepolice，catchesonlyfools.\"
SinceIamonthesubjectofpoliticalpolice，thatleprosyofmodernsociety，perhapsImaybeallowedtooversteptheorderoftime，andadverttoitsstateeveninthepresentday.
TheMinisterofPolice，togivehisprinceafavourableideaofhisactivity，contrivesgreatconspiracies，whichheisprettysuretodiscoverintime，becauseheistheiroriginator.Theinferioragents，tofindfavourintheeyesoftheMinister，contrivesmallplots.Itwouldbedifficulttomentionaconspiracywhichhasbeendiscovered，exceptwhenthepoliceagentstookpartinit，orwereitspromoters.
Itisdifficulttoconceivehowthoseagentscanfeedalittleintrigue，theresultatfirst，perhaps，ofsomepettyill—humouranddiscontentwhich，thankstotheirskill，soonbecomesagreataffair.Howmanyconspiracieshaveescapedtheboastedactivityandvigilanceofthepolicewhennoneofitsagentswereparties.ImayinstanceBabeuf’sconspiracy，theattemptatthecampatGrenelle，the18thBrumaire，theinfernalmachine，Mallet，the20thofMarch，theaffairofGrenoble，andmanyothers.
Thepoliticalpolice，theresultofthetroublesoftheRevolution，hassurvivedthem.Thecivilpoliceforthesecurityofproperty，health，andorder，isonlymadeasecondaryobject，andhasbeen，therefore，neglected.Therearetimesinwhichitisthoughtofmoreconsequencetodiscoverwhetheracitizengoestomassorconfessionthantodefeatthedesignsofabandofrobbers.Suchastateofthingsisunfortunateforacountry;andthemoneyexpendedonasystemofsuperintendenceoverpersonsallegedtobesuspected，indomesticinquisitions，inthecorruptionofthefriends，relations，andservantsofthemanmarkedoutfordestructionmightbemuchbetteremployed.Theespionageofopinion，created，asIhavesaid，bytherevolutionarytroubles，issuspicious，restless，officious，inquisitorial，vexatious，andtyrannical.
Indifferenttocrimesandrealoffences，itistotallyabsorbedintheinquisitionofthoughts.Whohasnothearditsaidincompany，tosomeonespeakingwarmly，\"Bemoderate，M——————issupposedtobelongtothepolice.\"ThispoliceenthralledBonapartehimselfinitssnares，andheldhimalongtimeundertheinfluenceofitspower.
IhavetakenthelibertythustospeakofascourgeofsocietyofwhichIhavebeenavictim.WhatIherestatemaybereliedon.IshallnotspeakoftheweekduringwhichIhadtodischargethefunctionsofPrefectofPolice，namely，fromthe13thtothe20thofMarch1816.
ItmaywellbesupposedthatthoughIhadnotheldinabhorrencetheinfamoussystemwhichIhavedescribed，theimportantnatureofthecircumstancesandtheshortperiodofmyadministrationmusthavepreventedmefrommakingcompleteuseofthemeansplacedatmydisposal.
Thedictatesofdiscretion，whichIconsidermyselfboundtoobey，forbidmegivingproofsofwhatIadvance.WhatitwasnecessarytodoIaccomplishedwithoutemployingviolentorvexatiousmeans;andIcantakeonmyselftoassertthatnoonehascausetocomplainofme.WereI
topublishthelistofthepersonsIhadorderstoarrest，thoseofthemwhoareyetlivingwouldbeastonishedthattheonlyknowledgetheyhadofmybeingthoPrefectofPolicewasfromtheMoniteur.Iobtainedbymildmeasures，bypersuasion，andreasoningwhatIcouldneverhavegotbyviolence.Iamnotdivulginganysecretsofoffice，butIbelieveI
amrenderingaservicetothepublicinpointingoutwhatIhaveoftenobservedwhileanunwillingconfidantintheshamefulmanoeuvresofthatpoliticalinstitution.
ThewordideologuewasofteninBonaparte’smouth;andinusingitheendeavouredtothrowridiculeonthosemenwhomhefanciedtohaveatendencytowardsthedoctrineofindefiniteperfectibility.Heesteemedthemfortheirmorality，yethelookedonthemasdreamersseekingforthetypeofauniversalconstitution，andconsideringthecharacterofmanintheabstractonly.Theideologues，accordingtohim，lookedforpowerininstitutions;andthathecalledmetaphysics.Hehadnoideaofpowerexceptindirectforce：AllbenevolentmenwhospeculateontheameliorationofhumansocietywereregardedbyBonaparteasdangerous，becausetheirmaximsandprincipleswerediametricallyopposedtotheharshandarbitrarysystemhehadadopted.Hesaidthattheirheartswerebetterthantheirheads，and，farfromwanderingwiththeminabstractions，healwayssaidthatmenwereonlytobegovernedbyfearandinterest.Thefreeexpressionofopinionthroughthepresshasbeenalwaysregardedbythosewhoarenotledawaybyinterestorpowerasusefultosociety.ButBonaparteheldthelibertyofthepressinthegreatesthorror;andsoviolentwashispassionwhenanythingwasurgedinitsfavourthatheseemedtolabourunderanervousattack.Greatmanashewas，hewassorelyafraidoflittleparagraphs.
——[JosephBonapartefairlyenoughremarksonthisthatsuchwritingshaddonegreatharminthoseextraordinarytimes（Erreurs，tomei，p.259）.Metternich，writingin1827withdistrustoftheproceedingsofLouisXVIII.，quotes，withapproval，Napoleon’ssentimentsonthispoint.\"Napoleon，whocouldnothavebeenwantinginthefeelingofpower，saidtome，’YouseememasterofPrance;well，Iwouldnot，undertaketogovernherforthreemonthswithlibertyofthepress.LouisXVIII.，apparentlythinkinghimselfstrongerthanNapoleon，isnotcontentwithallowingthepressitsfreedom，buthasembodieditslibertyinthecharter\"
（Metternich，tomeiv，p.391.）]——
CHAPTERXXXII.
1800.
Successfulmanagementofparties——Precautions——RemovalfromtheLuxembourgtotheTuileries——Hackney—coachesandtheConsul’swhitehorses——Royalcustomandaninscription——Thereview——Bonaparte’shomagetothestandards——TalleyrandinBonaparte’scabinet——
Bonaparte’saversiontothecapoflibertyeveninpainting——Thestatebed——Ourcabinet.
Ofthethreebrotherstowhomthe18thBrumairegavebirthBonapartespeedilydeclaredhimselftheeldest，andhastenedtoassumealltherightsofprimogeniture.Hesoonarrogatedtohimselfthewholepower.
Theprojecthehadformed，whenhefavouredtherevolutionofthe18thFructidor，wasnowabouttoberealized.ItwasthenanindispensablepartofhisplanthattheDirectoryshouldviolatetheconstitutioninordertojustifyasubsequentsubversionoftheDirectory.Theexpressionswhichescapedhimfromtimetotimeplainlyshowedthathisambitionwasnotyetsatisfied，andthattheConsulshipwasonlyastateofprobationpreliminarytothecompleteestablishmentofmonarchy.
TheLuxembourgwasthendiscoveredtobetoosmallfortheChiefoftheGovernment，anditwasresolvedthatBonaparteshouldinhabittheTuileries.Stillgreatprudencewasnecessarytoavoidthequicksandswhichsurroundedhim！HethereforeemployedgreatprecautionindealingwiththesusceptibilitiesoftheRepublicans，takingcaretoinurethemgraduallytothetemperatureofabsolutepower.Butthismodeoftreatmentwasnotsufficient;forsuchwasBonaparte’ssituationbetweentheJacobinsandtheRoyaliststhathecouldnotstrikeablowatonepartywithoutstrengtheningtheother.He，however，contrivedtosolvethisdifficultproblem，andweakenedbothpartiesbyalternatelyfrighteningeach.\"Yousee，Royalists，\"heseemedtosay，\"ifyoudonotattachyourselvestomygovernmenttheJacobinswillagainriseandbringbackthereignofterroranditsscaffold.\"TothemenoftheRevolutionhe，ontheotherhand，said，\"See，thecounter—Revolutionappears，threateningreprisalsandvengeance.Itisreadytooverwhelmyou;mybucklercanaloneprotectyoufromitsattacks.\"Thusbothpartieswereinduced，fromtheirmutualfearofeachother，toattachthemselvestoBonaparte;andwhiletheyfanciedtheywereonlyplacingthemselvesundertheprotectionoftheChiefoftheGovernment，theyweremakingthemselvesdependentonanambitiousman，who，graduallybendingthemtohiswill，guidedthemashechoseinhispoliticalcareer.Headvancedwithafirmstep;butheneverneglectedanyartificetoconceal，aslongaspossible，hisdesigns.
IsawBonaparteputinmotionallhisconcealedsprings;andIcouldnothelpadmiringhiswonderfuladdress.
Butwhatmostastonishedmewasthecontrolhepossessedoverhimself，inrepressinganyprematuremanifestationofhisintentionswhichmightprejudicehisprojects.Thus，forinstance，heneverspokeoftheTuileriesbutunderthenameof\"thePalaceoftheGovernment，\"andhedeterminednottoinhabit，atfirst，theancientpalaceofthekingsofFrancealone.Hecontentedhimselfwithselectingtheroyalapartments，andproposedthattheThirdConsulshouldalsoresideintheTuileries，andinconsequenceheoccupiedthePavilionofFlora.Thisskilfularrangementwasperfectlyinaccordancewiththedesignationof\"PalaceoftheGovernment\"giventotheTuileries，andwascalculatedtodeceive，foratime;themostclear—sighted.
ThemomentforleavingtheLuxembourghavingarrived，Bonapartestillusedmanydeceptiveprecautions.Thedayfiledforthetranslationoftheseatofgovernmentwasthe30thPluviose，thepreviousdayhavingbeenselectedforpublishingtheaccountofthevotestakenfortheacceptanceofthenewConstitution.Hehad，besides，causedtheinsertioninthe’Moniteur’oftheeulogyonWashington，pronounced，byM.deFontanes，thedecadipreceding，tobedelayedfortendays.HethoughtthatthedaywhenhewasabouttotakesolargeasteptowardsmonarchywouldbewellchosenforentertainingthepeopleofPariswithgrandideasofliberty，andforcouplinghisownnamewiththatofthefounderofthefreegovernmentoftheUnitedStates.
Atseveno’clockonthemorningofthe30thPluviuseIentered，asusual，thechamberoftheFirstConsul.Hewasinaprofoundsleep，andthiswasoneofthedaysonwhichIhadbeendesiredtoallowhimtosleepalittlelongerthanusual.IhaveoftenobservedthatGeneralBonaparteappearedmuchlessmovedwhenonthepointofexecutinganygreatdesign——thanduringthetimeofprojectingit，soaccustomedwashetothinkthatwhathehadresolvedoninhismind，wasalreadydone.
WhenIreturnedtoBonapartehesaidtome，withamarkedairofsatisfaction，\"Well，Bourrienne，to—night，atlast，weshallsleepintheTuileries.YouarebetteroffthanI：youarenotobligedtomakeaspectacleofyourself，butmaygoyourownroadthere.Imust，however，goinprocession：thatdisgustsme;butitisnecessarytospeaktotheeyes.Thathasagoodeffectonthepeople.TheDirectorywastoosimple，andthereforeneverenjoyedanyconsideration.Inthearmysimplicityisinitsproperplace;butinagreatcity，inapalace，theChiefoftheGovernmentmustattractattentionineverypossibleway，yetstillwithprudence.JosephineisgoingtolookoutfromLebrun’sapartments;gowithher，ifyoulike;butgotothecabinetassoonasyouseemealightfrommy—horse.\"
Ididnotgotothereview，butproceededtotheTuileries，toarrangeinournewcabinetthepaperswhichitwasmydutytotakecareof，andtoprepareeverythingfortheFirstConsul’sarrival.ItwasnotuntiltheeveningthatIlearned，fromtheconversationinthesalon，wheretherewasanumerousparty，whathadtakenpieceinthecourseoftheday.
Atoneo’clockpreciselyBonapartelefttheLuxembourg.Theprocessionwas，doubtless，farfromapproachingthemagnificentparadeoftheEmpire：butasmuchpompwasintroducedasthestateofthingsinFrancepermitted.Theonlyrealsplendourofthatperiodconsistedinfinetroops.Threethousandpickedmen，amongwhomwasthesuperbregimentoftheGuides，hadbeenorderedoutfortheoccasion：allmarchedinthegreatestorder;withmusicattheheadofeachcorps.Thegeneralsandtheirstaffswereonhorseback，theMinistersincarriages，whichweresomewhatremarkable，astheywerealmosttheonlyprivatecarriagestheninParis，forhackney—coacheshadbeenhiredtoconveytheCouncilofState，andnotroublehadbeentakentoalterthem，exceptbypastingoverthenumberapieceofpaperofthesamecolourasthebodyofthevehicle.TheConsul’scarriagewasdrawnbysixwhitehorses.Withthesightofthosehorseswasassociatedtherecollectionofdaysofgloryandofpeace，fortheyhadbeenpresentedtotheGeneral—in—ChiefofthearmyofItalybytheEmperorofGermanyafterthetreatyofCampo—Formio.
BonapartealsoworethemagnificentsabregivenhimbytheEmperorFrancis.WithCambaceresonhisleft，andLebruninthefrontofthecarriage，theFirstConsultraversedapartofParis，takingtheRuedeThionville;andtheQuaiVoltairetothePontRoyal.Everywherehewasgreetedbyacclamationsofjoy，whichatthattimewerevoluntary，andneedednottobecommandedbythepolice.
Fromthe—wicket—oftheCarrouseltothegateoftheTuileriesthetroopsoftheConsularGuardwereformedintwolines，throughwhichtheprocessionpassed——aroyalcustom，whichmadeasingularcontrastwithaninscriptioninfrontofwhichBonapartepassedonenteringthecourtyard.
Twoguard—houseshadbeenbuilt，oneontherightandanotherontheleftofthecentregate.Ontheonetotherightwerewrittenthesewords：
\"THETENTHofAUGUST1792.——ROYALTYINFRANCE
ISABOLISHED;ANDSHALLNEVERBERE—ESTABLISHED！\"
Itwasalreadyre—established！
Inthemeantimethetroopshadbeendrawnupinlineinthecourtyard.
AssoonastheConsul’scarriagestoppedBonaparteimmediatelyalighted，andmounted，or，tospeakmoreproperly，leapedonhishorse，andreviewedhistroops，whiletheothertwoConsulsproceededtothestateapartmentsoftheTuileries，wheretheCouncilofStateandtheMinistersawaitedthem.Agreatmanyladies，elegantlydressedinGreekcostume，whichwasthenthefashion，wereseatedwithMadameBonaparteatthe.
windowsoftheThirdConsul’sapartmentsinthePavilionofFlora.Itisimpossibletogiveanideaoftheimmensecrowdswhichflowedinfromallquarters.ThewindowslookingtotheCarrouselwereletforverylargesums;andeverywherearose，asiffromonevoice，shoutsof\"LonglivetheFirstConsul！\"Whocouldhelpbeingintoxicatedbysomuchenthusiasm？
Bonaparteprolongedthereviewforsometime，passeddownalltheranks，andaddressedthecommandersofcorpsintermsofapprobationandpraise.
HethentookhisstationatthegateoftheTuileries，withMuratonhisright，andLannesonhisleft，andbehindhimanumerousstaffofyoungwarriors，whosecomplexionshadbeenbrownedbythesunofEgyptandItaly，andwhohadbeenengagedinmorebattlesthantheynumberedyearsWhenthecoloursofthe96th，43d，and34thdemi—brigades，orrathertheirflagstaffssurmountedbysomeshreds，riddledbyballsandblackenedbypowder，passedbeforehim，heraisedhishatandinclinedhisheadintokenofrespect.Everyhomagethuspaidbyagreatcaptaintostandardswhichhadbeenmutilatedonthefieldofbattlewassalutedbyathousandacclamations.Whenthetroopshadfinisheddefilingbeforehim，theFirstConsul，withafirmstep，ascendedthestairsoftheTuileries.
TheGeneral’spartbeingfinishedfortheday，thatoftheChiefoftheStatebegan;andindeeditmightalreadybesaidthattheFirstConsulwasthewholeConsulate.AttheriskofinterruptingmynarrativeofwhatoccurredonourarrivalattheTuileries，byadigression，whichmaybethoughtoutofplace，IwillrelateafactwhichhadnolittleweightinhasteningBonaparte’sdeterminationtoassumeasuperiorityoverhiscolleagues.ItmayberememberedthatwhenRogerDucosandSieyesborethetitleofConsulsthethreemembersoftheConsularcommissionwereequal，ifnotinfactatleastinright.ButwhenCambaceresandLebruntooktheirplaces，Talleyrand;whohadatthesametimebeenappointedtosucceedM.ReinhartasMinisterofForeignAffairs，obtainedaprivateaudienceoftheFirstConsulinhiscabinet，towhichIwasadmitted.
TheobservationsofTalleyrandonthisoccasionwerehighlyagreeabletoBonaparte，andtheymadetoodeepanimpressiononmymindtoallowmetoforgetthem.
\"CitizenConsul，\"saidhetohim，\"youhaveconfidedtometheofficeofMinisterforForeignAffairs，andIwilljustifyyourconfidence;butI
mustdeclaretoyouthatfromthismoment，Iwillnottransactbusinesswithanybutyourself.Thisdeterminationdoesnotproceedfromanyvainprideonmypart，butisinduced，byadesiretoserveFrance.InorderthatFrancemaybewellgoverned，inorderthattheremaybeaunityofactioninthegovernment，youmustbeFirstConsul，andtheFirstConsulmusthavethecontroloverallthatrelatesdirectlytopolitics;thatistosay，overtheMinistryoftheInterior，andtheMinistryofPolice，forInternalAffairs，andovermydepartment，forForeignAffairs;and，lastly，overthetwogreatmeansofexecution，themilitaryandnavalforces.ItwillthereforebemostconvenientthattheMinistersofthosefivedepartmentsshouldtransactbusinesswithyou.TheAdministrationofJusticeandtheorderingoftheFinancesareobjectscertainlyconnectedwithStatepoliticsbynumerouslinks，which，however，arenotofsointimateanatureasthoseoftheotherdepartments.Ifyouwillallowme，General，IshouldadvisethatthecontrolovertheAdministrationofJusticebegiventotheSecondConsul，whoiswellversedinjurisprudence;andtotheThirdConsul，whoisequallywellacquaintedwithFinance，thecontroloverthatdepartment.Thatwilloccupyandamusethem，andyou，General，havingatyourdisposalallthevitalpartsofthegovernment，willbeabletoreachtheendyouaimat，theregenerationofFrance.\"
Bonapartedidnotheartheseremarkablewordswithindifference.Theyweretoomuchinaccordancewithhisownsecretwishestobelistenedtowithoutpleasure;andhesaidtomeassoonasTalleyrandhadtakenleave，\"Doyouknow，Bourrienne，IthinkTalleyrandgivesgoodadvice.
Heisamanofgreatunderstanding.\"——\"Suchistheopinion，\"Ireplied，\"ofallwhoknowhim.\"——Heisperfectlyright.\"Afterwardsheadded，smiling，\"Tallyrandisevidentlyashrewdman.Hehaspenetratedmydesigns.WhatheadvisesyouknowIamanxioustodo.ButagainIsay，heisright;onegetsonquickerbyoneself.Lebrunisaworthyman，buthehasnopolicyinhishead;heisabook—maker.CambacerescarrieswithhimtoomanytraditionsoftheRevolution.Mygovernmentmustbeanentirelynewone.\"
Talleyrand’sadvicehadbeensopunctuallyfollowedthatevenontheoccasionoftheinstallationoftheConsularGovernment，whileBonapartewasreceivingallthegreatcivilandmilitaryofficersoftheStateinthehallofpresentation，CambaceresandLebrunstoodbymorelikespectatorsofthescenethantwocolleaguesoftheFirstConsul.TheMinisteroftheInteriorpresentedthecivilauthoritiesofParis;theMinisterofWar，thestaffofthe17thmilitarydivision;theMinisterofMarine，severalnavalofficers;andthestaffoftheConsularGuardwaspresentedbyMurat.AsourConsularrepublicanswerenotexactlySpartans，theceremonyofthepresentationswasfollowedbygranddinner—
parties.TheFirstConsulentertainedathistable，thetwootherConsuls，theMinisters，andthePresidentsofthegreatbodiesoftheState.Murattreatedtheheadsofthearmy;andthemembersoftheCouncilofState，beingagainseatedintheirhackney—coacheswithcoverednumbers，droveofftodinewithLucien.
BeforetakingpossessionoftheTuilerieswehadfrequentlygonetheretoseethattherepairs，orratherthewhitewashing，whichBonapartehaddirectedtobedone，wasexecuted.Onourfirstvisit，seeinganumberofredcapsoflibertypaintedonthewalls，hesaidtoM.Lecomte，atthattimethearchitectincharge，\"Getridofallthesethings;Idonotliketoseesuchrubbish.\"
TheFirstConsulgavedirectionshimselfforwhatlittlealterationshewantedinhisownapartments.Astatebed——notthatofLouisXVI.——wasplacedinthechambernexthiscabinet，onthesouthside，towardsthegrandstaircaseofthePavilionofFlora.Imayaswellmentionherethatheveryseldomoccupiedthatbed，forBonapartewasverysimpleinhismanneroflivinginprivate，andwasnotfondofstate，exceptasameansofimposingonmankind.AttheLuxembourg，atMalmaison，andduringthefirstperiodthatheoccupiedtheTuileries，Bonaparte，ifI
mayspeakinthelanguageofcommonlife，alwayssleptwithhiswife.
HewenteveryeveningdowntoJosephinebyasmallstaircaseleadingfromawardrobeattachedtohiscabinet，andwhichhadformerlybeenthechapelofMariadeMedici.IneverwenttoBonaparte’sbedchamberbutbythisstaircase;andwhenhecametoourcabinetitwasalwaysbythewardrobewhichIhavementioned.Thedooropenedoppositetheonlywindowofourroom，anditcommandedaviewofthegarden.
Asforourcabinet，wheresomanygreat，andalsosmalleventswereprepared，andwhereIpassedsomanyhoursofmylife，Ican，evennow，givethemostminutedescriptionofittothosewholikesuchdetails.
Thereweretwotables.Thebest，whichwastheFirstConsul’s，stoodinthemiddleoftheroom，andhisarmchairwasturnedwithitsbacktothefireplace，havingthewindowontheright.TotherightofthisagainwasalittleclosetwhereDurocsat，throughwhichwecouldcommunicatewiththeclerkoftheofficeandthegrandapartmentsoftileCourt.
WhentheFirstConsulwasseatedathistableinhischair（thearmsofwhichhesofrequentlymutilatedwithhispenknife）hehadalargebookcaseoppositetohim.Alittletotheright，ononesideofthebookcase，wasanotherdoor，openingintothecabinetwhichleddirectlytothestatebedchamberwhichIhavementioned.ThencewepassedintothegrandPresentationSaloon，ontheceilingofwhichLebrunhadpaintedalikenessofLouisXIV.Atri—colouredcockadeplacedontheforeheadofthegreatKingstillborewitnessoftheimbecileturpitudeoftheConvention.LastlycamethehalloftheGuards，infrontofthegrandstaircaseofthePavilionofFlora.
Mywriting—table，whichwasextremelyplain，stoodnearthewindow，andinsummerIhadaviewofthethickfoliageofthechestnut—trees;butinordertoseethepromenadersinthegardenIwasobligedtoraisemyselffrommyseat.MybackwasturnedtotheGeneral’sside，sothatitrequiredonlyaslightmovementoftheheadtospeaktoeachother.
Durocwasseldominhislittlecabinet，andthatwastheplacewhereI
gavesomeaudiences.TheConsularcabinet，whichafterwardsbecametheImperial，hasleftmanyimpressionsonmymind;andIhopethereader，ingoingthroughthesevolumes，willnotthinkthattheyhavebeenoftooslightadescription.
CHAPTERXXXIII.
1800.
TheTuileries——Royaltyinperspective——Remarkableobservation——
Presentations——Assumptionoftheprerogativeofmercy——M.Defeu——
M.deFrotte——GeorgesCadondal’saudienceofBonaparte——Rapp’sprecautionandBonaparte’sconfidence——ThedignityofFrance——
NapperTandyandBlackwelldeliveredupbytheSenateofHamburg——
ContributionintheEgyptianstyle——Valuelessbill——Fifteenthousandfrancsinthedrawerofasecretaire——Josephine’sdebts——EveningwalkswithBonaparte.
Themorningafterthatardentlywished—fordayonwhichwetookpossessionofthePalaceoftheKingsofFranceIobservedtoBonaparteonenteringhischamber，\"Well，General，youhavegotherewithoutmuchdifficulty，andwiththeapplauseofthepeople！DoyourememberwhatyousaidtomeintheRueSt.Annenearlytwoyearsago？\"——\"Ay，trueenough，Irecollect.Youseewhatitistohavethemindsetonathing.
Onlytwoyearshavegoneby！Don’tyouthinkwehavenotworkedbadlysincethattime？UponthewholeIamverywellcontent.Yesterdaypassedoffwell.Doyouimaginethatallthosewhocametoflattermeweresincere？No，certainlynot：butthejoyofthepeoplewasreal.
Theyknowwhatisright.Besides，consultthegrandthermometerofopinion，thepriceofthefunds：onthe17thBrumaireat11francs，onthe20that16andto—dayat21.InsuchastateofthingsImaylettheJacobinsprateastheylike.Butletthemnottalktooloudlyeither！\"
AssoonashewasdressedwewenttolookthroughtheGalleryofDianaandexaminethestatueswhichhadbeenplacedtherebyhisorders.Weendedourmorning’sworkbytakingcompletepossessionofournewresidence.IrecollectBonapartesayingtome，amongotherthings，\"TobeattheTuileries，Bourrienne，isnotall.Wemuststayhere.Who，inHeaven’sname，hasnotalreadyinhabitedthispalace？Ruffians，conventionalists！Buthold！thereisyourbrother’shouse！WasitnotfromthosewindowsIsawtheTuileriesbesieged，andthegoodLouisXVI.
carriedoff？Butbeassuredtheywillnotcomehereagain！\"
TheAmbassadorsandotherforeignMinisterstheninPariswerepresentedtotheFirstConsulatasolemnaudience.OnthisoccasionalltheancientceremonialsbelongingtotheFrenchCourtwererakedup，andinplaceofchamberlainsandagrandmasterofceremoniesaCounsellorofState，M.Benezech，whowasonceMinisterforForeignAffairs，officiated.
WhentheAmbassadorshadallarrivedM.Benezechconductedthemintothecabinet，inwhichwerethethreeConsuls，theMinisters，andtheCouncilofState.TheAmbassadorspresentedtheircredentialstotheFirstConsul，whohandedthemtotheMinisterforForeignAffairs.Thesepresentationswerefollowedbyothers;forexample，theTribunalofCassation，overwhichtheoldadvocate，Target，whorefusedtodefendLouisXVI.，thenpresided.AllthispassedinviewofthethreeConsuls;
butthecircumstancewhichdistinguishedtheFirstConsulfromhiscolleagueswas，thattheofficialpersonages，onleavingtheaudience—
chamber，wereconductedtoMadameBonaparte’sapartments，inimitationoftheoldpracticeofwaitingontheQueenafterpresentationtotheKing.
Thusoldcustomsofroyaltycreptbydegreesintotheformerabodesofroyalty.AmongsttherightsattachedtotheCrown，andwhichtheConstitutionoftheyearVIII.didnotgivetotheFirstConsul，wasonewhichhemuchdesiredtopossess，andwhich，bythemosthappyofallusurpations，hearrogatedtohimself.Thiswastherightofgrantingpardon.Bonapartefeltarealpleasureinsavingmenunderthesentenceofthelaw;andwhenevertheimperiousnecessityofhispolicy，towhich，intruth，hesacrificedeverything，permittedit，herejoicedintheexerciseofmercy.Itwouldseemasifhewerethankfultothepersonstowhomherenderedsuchservicemerelybecausehehadgiventhemoccasiontobethankfultohim.SuchwastheFirstConsul：IdonotspeakoftheEmperor.Bonaparte，theFirstConsul，wasaccessibletothesolicitationsoffriendshipinfavourofpersonsplacedunderproscription.Thefollowingcircumstance，whichinterestedmemuch，affordsanincontestableproofofwhatIstate：——
WhilstwewerestillattheLuxembourg，M.Defeu，aFrenchemigrant，wastakenintheTyrolwitharmsinhishandbythetroopsoftheRepublic.
HewascarriedtoGrenoble，andthrownintothemilitaryprisonofthattown.InthecourseofJanuaryGeneralFerino，thencommandingatGrenoble，receivedorderstoputtheyoungemigrantonhistrial.Thelawsagainstemigrantstakeninarmswereterrible，andthejudgesdarednotbeindulgent.Tobetriedinthemorning，condemnedinthecourseoftheday，andshotintheevening，wastheusualcourseofthoseimplacableproceedings.Oneofmycousins，thedaughterofM.
Poitrincourt，camefromSenstoParistoinformmeofthedreadfulsituationofM.Defeu.ShetoldmethathewasrelatedtothemostrespectablefamiliesofthetownofSens，andthateverybodyfeltthegreatestinterestinhisfate.
IhadescapedforafewmomentstokeeptheappointmentImadewithMademoisellePoitrincourt.OnmyreturnIperceivedtheFirstConsulsurprisedatfindinghimselfaloneinthecabinet，whichIwasnotinthehabitofquittingwithouthisknowledge.\"Wherehaveyoubeen？\"saidhe.
\"Ihavebeentoseeoneofmyrelations，whosolicits&favourofyou.\"——
\"Whatisit？\"ItheninformedhimoftheunfortunatesituationofM.
Defeu.Hisfirstanswerwasdreadful.\"Nopity！nopityforemigrants！
Whoeverfightsagainsthiscountryisachildwhotriestokillhismother！\"Thisfirstburstofangerbeingover，Ireturnedtothecharge.
IurgedtheyouthofM.Defeu，andthegoodeffectwhichclemencywouldproduce.\"Well，\"saidhe，\"write——
\"TheFirstConsulordersthejudgmentonM.Defeutobesuspended.\"
Hesignedthislaconicorder，whichIinstantlydespatchedtoGeneralFerino.Iacquaintedmycousinwithwhathadpassed，andremainedateaseastotheresultoftheaffair.
ScarcelyhadIenteredthechamberoftheFirstConsulthenextmorningwhenhesaidtome，\"Well，Bourrienne，yousaynothingaboutyourM.
Defeu.Areyousatisfied？\"——\"General，Icannotfindtermstoexpressmygratitude.\"——\"Ah，bah！ButIdonotliketodothingsbyhalves.WritetoFerinothatIwishM.Defeutobeinstantlysetatliberty.PerhapsI
amservingonewhowillproveungrateful.Well，somuchtheworseforhim.Astothesematters，Bourrienne，alwaysaskthemfromme.WhenI
refuse，itisbecauseIcannothelpit.\"
Idespatchedatmyownexpenseanextraordinarycourier，whoarrivedintimetosaveM.Defeu’slife.Hismother，whoseonlysonhewas，andM.
Blanchet，hisuncle，camepurposelyfromSenstoParistoexpresstheirgratitudetome.Isawtearsofjoyfallfromtheeyesofamotherwhohadappearedtobedestinedtoshedbitterdrops，andIsaidtoherasI
felt，\"thatIwasamplyrecompensedbythesuccesswhichhadattendedmyefforts.\"
Emboldenedbythissuccess，andbythebenevolentlanguageoftheFirstConsul，IventuredtorequestthepardonofM.deFrotte，whowasstronglyrecommendedtomebymosthonourablepersons.ComteLouisdeFrottehadatfirstopposedallnegotiationforthepacificationofLaVendee.Atlength，byaseriesofunfortunatecombats，hewas，towardstheendofJanuary，reducedtothenecessityofmakinghimselftheadvanceswhichhehadrejectedwhenmadebyothers.AtthisperiodheaddressedalettertoGeneralGuidal，inwhichheofferedpacificatoryproposals.AprotectiontoenablehimtorepairtoAlenconwastransmittedtohim.UnfortunatelyforM.deFrotte，hedidnotconfinehimselftowritingtoGeneralGuidal，forwhilstthesafe—conductwhichhehadaskedwasonthewaytohim，hewrotetohislieutenants，advisingthemnottosubmitorconsenttobedisarmed.Thisletterwasintercepted.Itgavealltheappearanceofafraudulentstratagemtohisproposaltotreatforpeace.Besides，thisopinionappearedtobeconfirmedbyamanifestoofM.deFrotte，anterior，itistrue，totheoffersofpacification，butinwhichheannouncedtoallhispartisanstheapproachingendofBonaparte’s\"criminalenterprise.\"
IhadmoretroublethaninM：Defeu’scasetoinducetheFirstConsultoexercisehisclemency.However，Ipressedhimsomuch，Ilabouredsohardtoconvincehimofthehappyeffectofsuchindulgence，thatatlengthIobtainedanordertosuspendthejudgment.WhatalessonIthenexperiencedoftheevilwhichmayresultfromthelossoftime！Notsupposingthatmattersweresofaradvancedastheywere，Ididnotimmediatelysendoffthecourierwiththeorderforthesuspensionofthejudgment.Besides，theMinister—of—Policehadmarkedhisvictim，andheneverlosttimewhenevilwastobedone.Having，therefore，Iknownotforwhatmotive，resolvedonthedestructionofM.deFrotte，hesentanordertohastenhistrial.
ComteLouisdeFrottewasbroughttotrialonthe28thPluviose，condemnedthesameday，andexecutedthenextmorning，thedaybeforeweenteredtheTuileries.ThecruelprecipitationoftheMinisterrenderedtheresultofmysolicitationsabortive.IhadreasontothinkthatafterthedayonwhichtheFirstConsulgrantedmetheorderfordelayhehadreceivedsomenewaccusationagainstM.deFrotte，forwhenheheardofhisdeathheappearedtomeveryindifferentaboutthetardyarrivaloftheorderforsuspendingjudgment.Hemerelysaidtome，withunusualinsensibility，\"Youshouldtakeyourmeasuresbetter.Youseeitisnotmyfault.\"
ThoughBonaparteputnofaithinthevirtueofmen，hehadconfidenceintheirhonour.Ihadproofofthisinamatterwhichdeservestoberecordedinhistory.When，duringthefirstperiodofourabodeattheTuileries，hehadsummonedtheprincipalchiefsof，LaVendeetoendeavourtobringaboutthepacificationofthatunhappycountry;hereceivedGeorgesCadoudalinaprivateaudience.ThedispositioninwhichIbeheldhimtheeveningbeforethedayappointedforthisaudienceinspiredmewiththemostflatteringhopes.RappintroducedGeorgesintothegrandsalonlookingintothegarden.RapplefthimalonewiththeFirstConsul，butonreturningtothecabinetwhereIwashedidnotcloseeitherofthetwodoorsofthestatebedchamberwhichseparatedthecabinetfromthesalon.WesawtheFirstConsulandGeorgeswalkfromthewindowtothebottomofthesalon——thenreturn——thengobackagain.
Thislastedforalongtime.Theconversationappearedveryanimated，andweheardseveralthings，butwithoutanyconnection.Therewasoccasionallyagooddealofill—humourdisplayedintheirtoneandgestures.Theinterviewendedinnothing.TheFirstConsul，perceivingthatGeorgesentertainedsomeapprehensionsforhispersonalsafety，gavehimassurancesofsecurityinthemostnoblemanner，saying，\"Youtakeawrongviewofthings，andarewronginnotcomingtosomeunderstanding;
butifyoupersistinwishingtoreturntoyourcountryyoushalldepartasfreelyasyoucametoParis.\"WhenBonapartereturnedtohiscabinethesaidtoRapp，\"Tellme，Rapp，whyyouleftthesedoorsopen，andstoppedwithBourrienne？\"Rappreplied，\"IfyouhadclosedthedoorsI
wouldhaveopenedthemagain.DoyouthinkIwouldhaveleftyoualonewithamanlikethat？Therewouldhavebeendangerinit.\"——\"No，Rapp，\"
saidBonaparte，\"youcannotthinkso.\"WhenwewerealonetheFirstConsulappearedpleasedwithRapp’sattachment，butveryvexedatGeorges’refusal.Hesaid，\"Hedoesnottakeacorrectviewofthings;
buttheextravaganceofhisprincipleshasitssourceinnoblesentiments，whichmustgivehimgreatinfluenceoverhiscountrymen.
Itisnecessary，however，tobringthisbusinesssoontoanend.\"
OfalltheactionsofLouisXIV.thatwhichBonapartemostadmiredwashishavingmadetheDogeofGenoasendambassadorstoParistoapologisetohim.TheslightestinsultofferedinaforeigncountrytotherightsanddignityofFranceputNapoleonbesidehimself.ThisanxietytohavetheFrenchGovernmentrespectedexhibiteditselfinanaffairwhichmademuchnoiseattheperiod，butwhichwasamicablyarrangedbythesoothinginfluenceofgold.
TwoIrishmen，NapperTandyandBlackwell，whohadbeeneducatedinFrance，andwhosenamesandrankasofficersappearedintheFrencharmylist，hadretiredtoHamburg.TheBritishGovernmentclaimedthemastraitorstotheircountry，andtheyweregivenup;but，astheFrenchGovernmentheldthemtobesubjectsofFrance，thetransactiongaverisetobittercomplaintsagainsttheSenateofHamburg.
BlackwellhadbeenoneoftheleadersoftheunitedIrishmen.HehadprocuredhisnaturalisationinFrance，andhadattainedtherank，ofchefd’escadrou.BeingsentonasecretmissiontoNorway，theshipinwhichhewasembarkedwaswreckedonthecoastofthatkingdom.HethenrepairedtoHamburg，wheretheSenateplacedhimunderarrestonthedemandofMr.Crawford，theEnglishMinister.AfterbeingdetainedinprisonawholeyearhewasconveyedtoEnglandtobetried.TheFrenchGovernmentinterfered，andpreserved，ifnot，hisliberty，atleasthislife.
NapperTandywasalsoanIrishman.Toescapethesearchmadeafterhim，onaccountofthesentimentsofindependencewhichhadinducedhimtoengageinthecontestforthelibertyofhiscountry，hegotonboardaFrenchbrig，intendingtolandatHamburgandpassintoSweden.BeingexemptedfromtheamnestybytheIrishParliament，hewasclaimedbytheBritishGovernment，andtheSenatorsofHamburgforgothonourandhumanityintheiralarmatthedangerwhichatthatmomentmenacedtheirlittlerepublicbothfromEnglandandFrance.TheSenatedeliveredupNapperTandy;hewascarriedtoIreland，andcondemnedtodeath，butowedthesuspensionofhisexecutiontotheinterferenceofFrance.Heremainedtwoyearsinprison，whenM.Otto，whonegotiatedwithLordHawkesburythepreliminariesofpeace，obtainedthereleaseofNapperTandy，whowassentbacktoFrance.
TheFirstConsulspokeatfirstofsignalvengeance;buttheSenateofHamburgsenthimamemorial，justificatoryofitsconduct，andbackedtheapologywithasumoffourmillionsandahalf，whichmollifiedhimconsiderably.ThiswasinsomesortarecollectionofEgypt——oneofthoselittlecontributionswithwhichtheGeneralhadfamiliarisedthepashas;withthisdifference，thatonthepresentoccasionnotasinglesouswentintothenationaltreasury.ThesumwaspaidtotheFirstConsulthroughthehandsofM.ChapeauRouge.
——[AsolemndeputationfromtheSenatearrivedattheTuileriestomakepublicapologiestoNapoleon.Heagaintestifiedhisindignation：andwhentheenvoysurgedtheirweaknesshesaidtothem.\"Wellandhadyounottheresourceofweakstates？wasitnotinyourpowertoletthemescape？\"（Napoleon’sMemoirs）.]——
IkeptthefourmillionsandahalfinDutchbondsinasecretaireforaweek.Bonapartethendeterminedtodistributethem;afterpayingJosephine’sdebts，andthewholeofthegreatexpensesincurredatMalmaison，hedictatedtomealistofpersonstowhomhewishedtomakepresents.Mynamedidnotescapehislips，andconsequentlyIhadnotthetroubletotranscribeit;butsometimeafterhesaidtome，withthemostengagingkindness，\"Bourrienne，IhavegivenyounoneofthemoneywhichcamefromHamburg，butIwillmakeyouamendsforit.\"Hetookfromhisdraweralargeandbroadsheetofprintedpaper，withblanksfilledupinhisownhandwriting，andsaidtome，\"Hereisabillfor300，000ItalianlivresontheCisalpineRepublic，forthepriceofcannonfurnished.ItisendorsedHalterandCollot——Igiveityou.\"Tomakethisunderstood，IoughttostatethatcannonhadbeensoldtotheCisalpine.Republic，forthevalueofwhichtheAdministrator—generaloftheItalianfinancesdrewontheRepublic，andthebillswerepaidovertoM.Collot，aprovisioncontractor，andotherpersons.M.Collothadgivenoneofthesebillsfor300，000livrestoBonaparteinquittanceofadebt，butthelatterhadallowedthebilltorunoutwithouttroublinghimselfaboutit.TheCisalpineRepublickeptthecannonsandthemoney，andtheFirstConsulkepthisbill.WhenIhadexamineditIsaid，\"General，ithasbeendueforalongtime;whyhaveyounotgotitpaid？
Theendorsersarenolongerliable.\"——\"Franceisboundtodischargedebtsofthiskind;\"saidhe;\"sendthepapertodeFermont：hewilldiscountitforthreepercent.Youwillnothaveinreadymoneymorethanabout9000francsofrenters，becausetheItalianlivreisnotequaltothefranc.\"Ithankedhim，andsentthebilltoM.deFermont.Herepliedthattheclaimwasbad，andthatthebillwouldnotbeliquidatedbecauseitdidnotcomewithintheclassificationsmadebythelawspassedinthemonthsthenamesofwhichterminatedin’aire，ose，al，andor’.
IshowedM.deFermont’sanswertotheFirstConsul，whosaid，\"Ah，bah！
Heunderstandsnothingaboutit——heiswrong：write.\"Hethendictatedaletter，whichpromisedveryfavourablyforthediscountingofthebill;
buttheanswerwasafreshrefusal.Isaid，\"General，M.deFermontdoesnotattendtoyouanymorethantomyself.\"Bonapartetooktheletter，readit，andsaid，inthetoneofamanwhoknewbeforehandwhathewasabouttobe，informedof，\"Well，whatthedevilwouldyouhavemedo，sincethelawsareopposedtoit？Persevere;followtheusualmodesofliquidation，andsomethingwillcomeofit！\"Whatfinallyhappenedwas，thatbyaregulardecreethisbillwascancelled，torn，anddepositedinthearchives.These300，000livresformedpartofthemoneywhichBonapartebroughtfromItaly.Ifthebillwasuselesstomeitwasalsouselesstohim.Thisscrapofpapermerelyprovesthatbebroughtmore.
than25，000francsfromItaly.
Ineverhad，fromtheGeneral—in—ChiefofthearmyofItaly，norfromtheGeneralin—Chiefofthearmyof，Egypt，norfromtheFirstConsul，fortenyears，norfromtheConsulforlife，anyfixedsalary：Itookfromhisdrawerwhatwasnecessaryformyexpensesaswellashisown：Heneveraskedmeforanyaccount.AfterthetransactionofthebillontheinsolventCisalpineRepublichesaidtome，atthebeginningofthewinterof1800，\"Bourrienne，theweather，isbecomingverybad;IwillgobutseldomtoMalmaison.WhilstIamatcouncilgetmypapersandlittlearticlesfromMalmaison;hereisthekeyofmysecretaire，takeouteverythingthatisthere.\"I，gotintothecarriageattwoo’clockandreturnedatsix.WhenhehaddinedIplaceduponthetableofhiscabinetthevariousarticleswhichIhadfoundinhissecretaireincluding15，000francs（somewhereaboutL600ofEnglishmoney）inbanknoteswhichwereinthecornerofalittledrawer.Whenhelookedatthemhesaid，\"Hereismoney——whatisthemeaningofthis？\"Ireplied，\"Iknownothingaboutit，exceptthatitwasinyoursecretaire.\"——
\"Ohyes;Ihadforgottenit.Itwasformytriflingexpenses.Here，takeit.\"Irememberedwellthatonesummermorninghehadgivenmehiskeytobringhimtwonotesof1000francsforsomeincidentalexpense，butIhadnoideathathehadnotdrawnfurtheronhislittletreasure.
Ihavestatedtheappropriationofthefourmillionsandahalf，theresultoftheextortioninflictedontheSenateofHamburg，intheaffairofNapperTandyandBlackwell.
Thewhole，however，Wasnotdisposedofinpresents.AconsiderableportionwasreservedfobpayingJosephine’sdebts，andthisbusinessappearstometodeservesomeremarks.
TheestateofMalmaisonhadcost160，000francs.JosephinehadpurchaseditofM.LecouteuixwhilewewereinEgypt.Manyembellishments，andsomenewbuildings，hadbeenmadethere;andaparkhadbeenadded，whichhadnowbecomebeautiful.Allthiscouldnotbedonefornothing，andbesides，itwasverynecessarythatwhatwasduefortheoriginalpurchaseshouldbeentirelydischarged;andthisconsiderableitemwasnottheonlydebtofJosephine.Thecreditorsmurmured，whichhadabadeffectinParis;andIconfessIwassowellconvincedthattheFirstConsulwouldbeextremelydispleasedthatIconstantlydelayedthemomentofspeakingtohimonthesubject.ItwasthereforewithextremesatisfactionIlearnedthatM.deTalleyrandhadanticipatedme.Nopersonwasmorecapablethanhimselfofgildingthepill，asonemaysay，toBonaparte.Endowedwithasmuchindependenceofcharacterasofmind，hedidhimtheservice，attheriskofoffendinghim，totellhimthatagreatnumberofcreditorsexpressedtheirdiscontentinbittercomplaintsrespectingthedebtscontractedbyMadameBonaparteduringhisexpeditiontotheEast.Bonapartefeltthathissituationrequiredhimpromptlytoremovethecauseofsuchcomplaints.Itwasonenightabouthalf—pasteleveno’clockthatM.Talleyrandintroducedthisdelicatesubject.AssoonhewasgoneIenteredthelittlecabinet;Bonapartesaidtome，\"Bourrienne，TalleyrandhasbeenspeakingtomeaboutthedebtsofmyWife.IhavethemoneyfromHamburg——askhertheexactamountofherdebts：letherconfessall.Iwishtofinish，andnotbeginagain.Butdonotpaywithoutshowingmethebillsofthoserascals：theyareagangofrobbers.\"
Hithertotheapprehensionofanunpleasantscene，theveryideaofwhichmadeJosephinetremble，hadalwayspreventedmefrombroachingthissubjecttotheFirstConsul;but，wellpleasedthatTalleyrandhadfirsttoucheduponit，Iresolvedtodoallinmypowertoputanendtothedisagreeableaffair.
ThenextmorningIsawJosephine.Shewasatfirstdelightedwithherhusband’sintentions;butthisfeelingdidnotlastlong.WhenIaskedherforanexactaccountofwhatsheowedsheentreatedmenottopressit，butcontentmyselfwithwhatsheshouldconfess.Isaidtoher，\"Madame，IcannotdeceiveyourespectingthedispositionoftheFirstConsul.Hebelievesthatyouoweaconsiderablesum，andiswillingtodischargeit.Youwill，Idoubtnot，havetoenduresomebitterreproaches，andaviolentscene;butthescenewillbejustthesameforthewholeasforapart.Ifyouconcealalargeproportionofyourdebtsattheendofsometimemurmurswillrecommence，theywillreachtheearsoftheFirstConsul，andhisangerwilldisplayitselfstillmorestrikingly.Trusttome——stateall;theresultwillbethesame;youwillhearbutoncethedisagreeablethingshewillsaytoyou;byreservationsyouwillrenewthemincessantly.\"Josephinesaid，\"Icannevertellall;itisimpossible.DometheservicetokeepsecretwhatIsaytoyou.Iowe，Ibelieve，about1，200，000francs，butIwishtoconfessonly600，000;Iwillcontractnomoredebts，andwillpaytherestlittlebylittleoutofmysavings.\"——\"Here，Madame，myfirstobservationsrecur.AsIdonotbelieveheestimatesyourdebtsatsohighasumas600，000francs，Icanwarrantthatyouwillnotexperiencemoredispleasureforacknowledgingto1，200，000thanto600，000;andbygoingsofaryouwillgetridofthemforever.\"——\"Icanneverdoit，Bourrienne;Iknowhim;Icanneversupporthisviolence.\"Afteraquarterofanhour’sfurtherdiscussiononthesubjectIwasobligedtoyieldtoherearnestsolicitation，andpromisetomentiononlythe600，000francstotheFirstConsul.
Theangerandill—humourofBonapartemaybeimagined.Hestronglysuspectedthathiswifewasdissemblinginsomerespect;buthesaid，\"Well，take600，000francs，butliquidatethedebtsforthatsum，andletmehearnothingmoreonthesubject.Iauthoriseyoutothreatenthesetradesmenwithpayingnothingifthey，donotreducetheirenormouscharges.Theyoughttobetaughtnottobesoreadyingivingcredit.\"
MadameBonapartegavemeallherbills.Theextenttowhichthearticleshadbeenovercharged，owingtothefearofnotbeingpaidforalongperiod，andofdeductionsbeingmadefromtheamount，wasinconceivable.
Itappearedtome，also，thattheremustbesomeexaggerationinthenumberofarticlessupplied.Iobservedinthemilliner’sbillthirty—
eightnewhats，ofgreatprice，inonemonth.Therewaslikewiseachargeof1800francsforheronplumes，and800francsforperfumes.
IaskedJosephinewhethersheworeouttwohatsinoneday？Sheobjectedtothischargeforthehats，whichshemerelycalledamistake.Theimpositionswhichthesaddlerattempted，bothintheextravaganceofhispricesandinchargingforarticleswhichhehadnotfurnished，wereastonishing.Ineedsaynothingoftheothertradesmen，itwasthesamesystemofplunderthroughout.
IavailedmyselffullyoftheFirstConsul’spermission，andsparedneitherreproachesnormenaces.Iamashamedtosaythatthegreaterpartofthetradesmenwerecontentedwiththehalfofwhattheydemanded.
Oneofthemreceived35，000francsforabillof80，000;andhehadtheimpudencetotellmethathemadeagoodprofitnevertheless.Finally，I
wasfortunateenough，afterthemostvehementdisputes，tosettleeverythingfor600，000francs.MadameBonaparte，however，soonfellagainintothesameexcesses，butfortunatelymoneybecamemoreplentiful.Thisinconceivablemaniaofspendingmoneywasalmostthesolecauseofherunhappiness.HerthoughtlessprovusionoccasionedpermanentdisorderinherhouseholduntiltheperiodofBonaparte’ssecondmarriage，when，Iaminformed，shebecameregularinherexpenditure.IcouldnotsaysoofherwhenshewasEmpressin1804.
——[Notwithstandingherhusband’swish，shecouldneverbringherestablishmentintoanyorderorrule.Hewishedthatnotradesmenshouldeverreachher，buthewasforcedtoyieldonthispoint.
Thesmallinnerroamswerefilledwiththem，aswithartistsofallsorts.Shehadamaniaforhavingherselfpainted，andgaveherportraitstowhoeverwishedforone，relations，’femmesdechambre’，eventotradesmen.Theyneverceasedbringingherdiamonds，jewels，shawls，materialsfordresses，andtrinketsofallkinds;sheboughteverythingwithouteveraskingtheprice;andgenerallyforgotwhatshehadpurchasedAllthemorningshehadonashawlwhichshedrapedonhershoulderswithagraceIhaveseeninnooneelse.
Bonaparte，whothoughthershawlscoveredhertoomuch，torethemoff，andsometimesthrewthemintothefire;thenshesentforanother（Remusat，tomeii.pp.343—345）.Afterthedivorceherincome，largeasitwas，wasinsufficient，buttheEmperorwasmorecompassionatethen，andwhensendingtheComteMollientosettleheraffairsgavehimstrictorders\"nottomakeherweep\"（Meneval，tomeiii.p.237]——
TheamiableJosephinehadnotlessambitioninlittlethinsthanherhusbandhadingreat.Shefeltpleasureinacquiringandnotinpossessing.Whowouldsupposeit？ShegrewtiredofthebeautyoftheparkofMalmaison，andwasalwaysaskingmetotakeheroutonthehighroad，eitherinthedirectionofNanterre，oronthatofMarly，inthemidstofthedustoccasionedbythepassingofcarriages.Thenoiseofthehighroadappearedtoherpreferabletothecalmsilenceofthebeautifulavenuesofthepark，andinthisrespectHortensehadthesametasteashermother.ThiswhimsicalfancyastonishedBonaparte，andhewassometimesvexedatit.MyintercoursewithJosephinewasdelightful;
forIneversawawomanwhosoconstantlyenteredsocietywithsuchanequabledisposition，orwithsomuchofthespiritofkindness，whichisthefirstprincipleofamiability.ShewassoobliginglyattentiveastocauseaprettysuiteofapartmentstobepreparedatMalmaisonformeandmyfamily.