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　　tenancesomeextraordinarily，istomaketheminsolent，andtherestdiscontent;becausetheymayclaimadue.Butcontrariwise，infavor，tousemenwithmuchdifferenceandelectionisgood;foritmakeththepersonspreferredmorethankful，andtherestmoreofficious：becauseallisoffavor.Itisgooddiscretion，nottomaketoomuchofanymanatthefirst;becauseonecannotholdoutthatproportion.Tobegoverned（aswecallit）

　　byoneisnotsafe;foritshowssoftness，andgivesafreedom，toscandalanddisreputation;forthose，thatwouldnotcensureorspeakillofamanimme—

　　diately，willtalkmoreboldlyofthosethataresogreatwiththem，andtherebywoundtheirhonor.

　　Yettobedistractedwithmanyisworse;foritmakesmentobeofthelastimpression，andfullofchange.Totakeadviceofsomefewfriends，iseverhonorable;forlookers—onmanytimesseemorethangamesters;andthevalebestdiscovereththehill.Thereislittlefriendshipintheworld，andleastofallbetweenequals，whichwaswonttobemag—

　　nified.Thatthatis，isbetweensuperiorandin—

　　ferior，whosefortunesmaycomprehendtheonetheother.

　　OfSuitorsOfSuitorsMANYillmattersandprojectsareunder—

　　taken;andprivatesuitsdoputrefythepub—

　　licgood.Manygoodmatters，areundertakenwithbadminds;Imeannotonlycorruptminds，butcraftyminds，thatintendnotperformance.Someembracesuits，whichnevermeantodealeffectu—

　　allyinthem;butiftheyseetheremaybelifeinthematter，bysomeothermean，theywillbecon—

　　tenttowinathank，ortakeasecondreward，oratleasttomakeuse，inthemeantime，ofthesuitor’shopes.Sometakeholdofsuits，onlyforanocca—

　　siontocrosssomeother;ortomakeaninforma—

　　tion，whereoftheycouldnototherwisehaveaptpretext;withoutcarewhatbecomeofthesuit，whenthatturnisserved;or，generally，tomakeothermen’sbusinessakindofentertainment，tobringintheirown.Nay，someundertakesuits，withafullpurposetoletthemfall;totheendtogratifytheadverseparty，orcompetitor.Surelythereisinsomesortarightineverysuit;eitherarightofequity，ifitbeasuitofcontroversy;orarightofdesert，ifitbeasuitofpetition.Ifaffectionleadamantofavorthewrongsideinjustice，lethimratherusehiscountenancetocompoundthematter，thantocarryit.Ifaffectionleadamantofavorthelessworthyindesert，lethimdoit，withoutdepravingordisablingthebetterdeserver.

　　Insuitswhichamandothnotwellunderstand，itisgoodtoreferthemtosomefriendoftrustandjudgment，thatmayreport，whetherhemaydealinthemwithhonor：butlethimchoosewellhisreferendaries，forelsehemaybeledbythenose.

　　Suitorsaresodistastedwithdelaysandabuses，thatplaindealing，indenyingtodealinsuitsatfirst，andreportingthesuccessbarely，andinchal—

　　lengingnomorethanksthanonehathdeserved，isgrownnotonlyhonorable，butalsogracious.Insuitsoffavor，thefirstcomingoughttotakelittleplace：sofarforth，considerationmaybehadofhistrust，thatifintelligenceofthemattercouldnototherwisehavebeenhad，butbyhim，advan—

　　tagebenottakenofthenote，butthepartylefttohisothermeans;andinsomesortrecompensed，forhisdiscovery.Tobeignorantofthevalueofasuit，issimplicity;aswellastobeignorantoftherightthereof，iswantofconscience.Secrecyinsuits，isagreatmeanofobtaining;forvoicingthemtobeinforwardness，maydiscouragesomekindofsuitors，butdothquickenandawakeothers.

　　Buttimingofthesuitistheprincipal.Timing，I

　　say，notonlyinrespectofthepersonthatshouldgrantit，butinrespectofthose，whichareliketocrossit.Letaman，inthechoiceofhismean，ratherchoosethefittestmean，thanthegreatestmean;

　　andratherthemthatdealincertainthings，thanthosethataregeneral.Thereparationofadenial，issometimesequaltothefirstgrant;ifamanshowhimselfneitherdejectednordiscontented.

　　Iniquumpetasutaequumferasisagoodrule，whereamanhathstrengthoffavor：butother—

　　wise，amanwerebetterriseinhissuit;forhe，thatwouldhaveventuredatfirsttohavelostthesuitor，willnotintheconclusionloseboththesuitor，andhisownformerfavor.Nothingisthoughtsoeasyarequesttoagreatperson，ashisletter;andyet，ifitbenotinagoodcause，itissomuchoutofhisreputation.Therearenoworseinstruments，thanthesegeneralcontriversofsuits;

　　fortheyarebutakindofpoison，andinfection，topublicproceedings.

　　OfStudiesOfStudiesSTUDIESservefordelight，forornament，andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight，isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament，isindis—

　　course;andforability，isinthejudgment，anddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexe—

　　cute，andperhapsjudgeofparticulars，onebyone;

　　butthegeneralcounsels，andtheplotsandmar—

　　shallingofaffairs，comebest，fromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;

　　tousethemtoomuchforornament，isaffectation;

　　tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules，isthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnature，andareperfectedbyexperience：fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants，thatneedproyning，bystudy;

　　andstudiesthemselves，dogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge，excepttheybeboundedinbyex—

　　perience.Craftymencontemnstudies，simplemenadmirethem，andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwith—

　　outthem，andabovethem，wonbyobservation.

　　Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddis—

　　course;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetasted，otherstobeswallowed，andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis，somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead，butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly，andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy，andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimpor—

　　tantarguments，andthemeanersortofbooks，elsedistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwaters，flashythings.Readingmakethafullman;confer—

　　enceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore，ifamanwritelittle，hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle，hehadneedhaveapresentwit：andifhereadlittle，hehadneedhavemuchcunning，toseemtoknow，thathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;

　　themathematicssubtile;naturalphilosophydeep;

　　moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

　　Abeuntstudiainmores.Nay，thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit，butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies;likeasdiseasesofthebody，mayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’switbewan—

　　dering，lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations，ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle，hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences，lethimstudytheSchoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters，andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother，lethimstudy197

　　thelawyers’cases.Soeverydefectofthemind，mayhaveaspecialreceipt.

　　OfFactionOfFactionMANYhaveanopinionnotwise，thatforaprincetogovernhisestate，orforagreatpersontogovernhisproceedings，accordingtotherespectoffactions，isaprincipalpartofpolicy;

　　whereascontrariwise，thechiefestwisdom，iseitherinorderingthosethingswhicharegeneral，andwhereinmenofseveralfactionsdoneverthe—

　　lessagree;orindealingwithcorrespondencetoparticularpersons，onebyone.ButIsaynotthattheconsiderationsoffactions，istobeneglected.

　　Meanmen，intheirrising，mustadhere;butgreatmen，thathavestrengthinthemselves，werebettertomaintainthemselvesindifferent，andneutral.Yeteveninbeginners，toadheresomoder—

　　ately，ashebeamanoftheonefaction，whichismostpassablewiththeother，commonlygivethbestway.Thelowerandweakerfaction，isthefirmerinconjunction;anditisoftenseen，thatafewthatarestiff，dotireoutagreaternumber，thataremoremoderate.Whenoneofthefactionsisex—

　　tinguished，theremainingsubdivideth;asthefactionbetweenLucullus，andtherestofthenoblesofthesenate（whichtheycalledOptimates）

　　heldoutawhile，againstthefactionofPompeyandCaesar;butwhenthesenate’sauthoritywaspulleddown，CaesarandPompeysoonafterbrake.

　　ThefactionorpartyofAntoniusandOctavianusCaesar，againstBrutusandCassius，heldoutlike—

　　wiseforatime;butwhenBrutusandCassiuswereoverthrown，thensoonafter，AntoniusandOcta—

　　vianusbrakeandsubdivided.Theseexamplesareofwars，butthesameholdethinprivatefactions.

　　Andtherefore，thosethataresecondsinfactions，domanytimes，whenthefactionsubdivideth，proveprincipals;butmanytimesalso，theyproveciphersandcashiered;formanyaman’sstrengthisinopposition;andwhenthatfaileth，hegrowethoutofuse.Itiscommonlyseen，thatmen，onceplaced，takeinwiththecontraryfaction，tothatbywhichtheyenter：thinkingbelike，thattheyhavethefirstsure，andnowarereadyforanewpurchase.Thetraitorinfaction，lightlygoethawaywithit;forwhenmattershavestucklonginbalancing，thewinningofsomeonemancasteththem，andhegettethallthethanks.Theevencar—

　　riagebetweentwofactions，proceedethnotalwaysofmoderation，butofatruenesstoaman’sself，withendtomakeuseofboth.CertainlyinItaly，theyholditalittlesuspectinpopes，whentheyhaveoftenintheirmouthPadrecommune：andtakeittobeasignofone，thatmeanethtoreferalltothegreatnessofhisownhouse.Kingshadneedbeware，howtheysidethemselves，andmakethemselvesasofafactionorparty;forleagueswithinthestate，areeverpernicioustomonarchies：

　　fortheyraiseanobligation，paramounttoobliga—

　　tionofsovereignty，andmakethekingtanquamunusexnobis;aswastobeseenintheLeagueofFrance.Whenfactionsarecarriedtoohighandtooviolently，itisasignofweaknessinprinces;andmuchtotheprejudice，bothoftheirauthorityandbusiness.Themotionsoffactionsunderkingsoughttobe，likethemotions（astheastronomersspeak）oftheinferiororbs，whichmayhavetheirpropermotions，butyetstillarequietlycarried，bythehighermotionofprimummobile.

　　OfCeremonies，ANDRESPECTS

　　OfCeremonies，ANDRESPECTS

　　HETHATisonlyreal，hadneedhaveexceed—

　　inggreatpartsofvirtue;asthestonehadneedtoberich，thatissetwithoutfoil.Butifamanmarkitwell，itis，inpraiseandcommenda—

　　tionofmen，asitisingettingsandgains：fortheproverbistrue，Thatlightgainsmakeheavypurses;forlightgainscomethick，whereasgreat，comebutnowandthen.Soitistrue，thatsmallmatterswingreatcommendation，becausetheyarecontinuallyinuseandinnote：whereastheoccasionofanygreatvirtue，comethbutonfesti—

　　vals.Thereforeitdothmuchaddtoaman’sreputa—

　　tion，andis（asQueenIsabellasaid）likeperpetualletterscommendatory，tohavegoodforms.Toat—

　　tainthem，italmostsufficethnottodespisethem;

　　forsoshallamanobservetheminothers;andlethimtrusthimselfwiththerest.Forifhelabortoomuchtoexpressthem，heshalllosetheirgrace;

　　whichistobenaturalandunaffected.Somemen’sbehaviorislikeaverse，whereineverysyllableismeasured;howcanamancomprehendgreatmat—

　　ters，thatbreakethhismindtoomuch，tosmallobservations？Nottouseceremoniesatall，istoteachothersnottousethemagain;andsodimin—

　　ishethrespecttohimself;especiallytheybenottobeomitted，tostrangersandformalnatures;butthedwellinguponthem，andexaltingthemabovethemoon，isnotonlytedious，butdothdiminishthefaithandcreditofhimthatspeaks.Andcer—

　　tainly，thereisakindofconveying，ofeffectualandimprintingpassagesamongstcompliments，whichisofsingularuse，ifamancanhituponit.

　　Amongstaman’speers，amanshallbesureoffamiliarity;andthereforeitisgood，alittletokeepstate.Amongstaman’sinferiorsoneshallbesureofreverence;andthereforeitisgood，alittletobefamiliar.Hethatistoomuchinanything，sothathegivethanotheroccasionofsatiety，makethhim—

　　selfcheap.Toapplyone’sselftoothers，isgood;soitbewithdemonstration，thatamandothituponregard，andnotuponfacility.Itisagoodpreceptgenerally，insecondinganother，yettoaddsome—

　　whatofone’sown：asifyouwillgranthisopinion，letitbewithsomedistinction;ifyouwillfollowhismotion，letitbewithcondition;ifyouallowhiscounsel，letitbewithallegingfurtherreason.

　　Menhadneedbeware，howtheybetooperfectincompliments;forbetheyneversosufficientother—

　　wise，theirenvierswillbesuretogivethemthatattribute，tothedisadvantageoftheirgreatervir—

　　tues.Itislossalsoinbusiness，tobetoofullofre—

　　spects，ortobecurious，inobservingtimesandopportunities.Solomonsaith，Hethatconsidereththewind，shallnotsow，andhethatlookethtotheclouds，shallnotreap.Awisemanwillmakemoreopportunities，thanhefinds.Men’sbehaviorshouldbe，liketheirapparel，nottoostraitorpointdevice，butfreeforexerciseormotion.

　　OfPraiseOfPraisePRAISEisthereflectionofvirtue;butitisastheglassorbody，whichgiveththereflec—

　　tion.Ifitbefromthecommonpeople，itiscom—

　　monlyfalseandnaught;andratherfollowethvainpersons，thanvirtuous.Forthecommonpeopleunderstandnotmanyexcellentvirtues.Thelowestvirtuesdrawpraisefromthem;themiddlevirtuesworkinthemastonishmentoradmiration;butofthehighestvirtues，theyhavenosenseofperceiv—

　　ingatall.Butshows，andspeciesvirtutibussimiles，servebestwiththem.Certainlyfameislikeariver，thatbearethupthingslightandswoln，anddrownsthingsweightyandsolid.Butifpersonsofqualityandjudgmentconcur，thenitis（astheScripturesaith）nomenbonuminstarunguentifragrantis.

　　Itfirethallroundabout，andwillnoteasilyaway.

　　Fortheodorsofointmentsaremoredurable，thanthoseofflowers.Therebesomanyfalsepointsofpraise，thatamanmayjustlyholditasuspect.

　　Somepraisesproceedmerelyofflattery;andifhebeanordinaryflatterer，hewillhavecertaincom—

　　monattributes，whichmayserveeveryman;ifhebeacunningflatterer，hewillfollowthearch—

　　flatterer，whichisaman’sself;andwhereinamanthinkethbestofhimself，thereintheflattererwillupholdhimmost：butifhebeanimpudentflat—

　　terer，lookwhereinamanisconscioustohimself，thatheismostdefective，andismostoutofcounte—

　　nanceinhimself，thatwilltheflattererentitlehimtoperforce，spretaconscientia.Somepraisescomeofgoodwishesandrespects，whichisaformdue，incivility，tokingsandgreatpersons，laudandopraecipere，whenbytellingmenwhattheyare，theyrepresenttothem，whattheyshouldbe.Somemenarepraisedmaliciously，totheirhurt，therebytostirenvyandjealousytowardsthem：pessimumgenusinimicorumlaudantium;insomuchasitwasaproverb，amongsttheGrecians，thathethatwaspraisedtohishurt，shouldhaveapushriseuponhisnose;aswesay，thatablisterwillriseuponone’stongue，thattellsalie.Certainlymod—

　　eratepraise，usedwithopportunity，andnotvul—

　　gar，isthatwhichdoththegood.Solomonsaith，Hethatpraisethhisfriendaloud，risingearly，itshallbetohimnobetterthanacurse.Toomuchmagnifyingofmanormatter，dothirritatecon—

　　tradiction，andprocureenvyandscorn.Topraiseaman’sself，cannotbedecent，exceptitbeinrarecases;buttopraiseaman’sofficeorprofession，hemaydoitwithgoodgrace，andwithakindofmag—

　　nanimity.ThecardinalsofRome，whicharetheo—

　　logues，andfriars，andSchoolmen，haveaphraseofnotablecontemptandscorntowardscivilbusi—

　　ness：fortheycallalltemporalbusinessofwars，embassages，judicature，andotheremployments，sbirrerie，whichisunder—sheriffries;asiftheywerebutmatters，forunder—sheriffsandcatch—

　　poles：thoughmanytimesthoseunder—sheriffriesdomoregood，thantheirhighspeculations.St.

　　Paul，whenheboastsofhimself，hedothoftinter—

　　lace，Ispeaklikeafool;butspeakingofhiscalling，hesaith，magnificaboapostolatummeum.

　　OfVain—gloryOfVain—gloryITWASprettilydevisedofAEsop，Theflysatupontheaxle—treeofthechariotwheel，andsaid，WhatadustdoIraise！Soaretheresomevainpersons，thatwhatsoevergoethalone，ormovethupongreatermeans，iftheyhaveneversolittlehandinit，theythinkitistheythatcarryit.Theythatareglorious，mustneedsbefactious;forallbraverystandsuponcomparisons.Theymustneedsbeviolent，tomakegoodtheirownvaunts.

　　Neithercantheybesecret，andthereforenotef—

　　fectual;butaccordingtotheFrenchproverb，Beaucoupdebruit，peudefruit;Muchbruitlittlefruit.Yetcertainly，thereisuseofthisqualityincivilaffairs.Wherethereisanopinionandfametobecreated，eitherofvirtueorgreatness，thesemenaregoodtrumpeters.Again，asTitusLiviusnoteth，inthecaseofAntiochusandtheAEtolians，Therearesometimesgreateffects，ofcrosslies;asifaman，thatnegotiatesbetweentwoprinces，todrawthemtojoininawaragainstthethird，dothextoltheforcesofeitherofthem，abovemeasure，theonetotheother：andsometimeshethatdealsbe—

　　tweenmanandman，raisethhisowncreditwithboth，bypretendinggreaterinterestthanhehathineither.Andintheseandthelikekinds，itoftenfallsout，thatsomewhatisproducedofnothing;

　　forliesaresufficienttobreedopinion，andopinionbringsonsubstance.Inmilitarcommandersandsoldiers，vain—gloryisanessentialpoint;forasironsharpensiron，sobyglory，onecouragesharp—

　　enethanother.Incasesofgreatenterpriseuponchargeandadventure，acompositionofgloriousnatures，dothputlifeintobusiness;andthosethatareofsolidandsobernatures，havemoreoftheballast，thanofthesail.Infameoflearning，theflightwillbeslowwithoutsomefeathersofosten—

　　tation.Quidecontemnendaglorialibrosscri—

　　bunt，nomen，suuminscribunt.Socrates，Aristotle，Galen，weremenfullofostentation.Certainlyvain—gloryhelpethtoperpetuateaman’smemory;

　　andvirtuewasneversobeholdingtohumanna—

　　ture，asitreceivedhisdueatthesecondhand.

　　NeitherhadthefameofCicero，Seneca，PliniusSecundus，borneheragesowell，ifithadnotbeenjoinedwithsomevanityinthemselves;likeuntovarnish，thatmakesceilingsnotonlyshinebutlast.Butallthiswhile，whenIspeakofvain—glory，Imeannotofthatproperty，thatTacitusdothat—

　　tributetoMucianus;Omniumquaedixeratfece—

　　ratqueartequadamostentator：forthatproceedsnotofvanity，butofnaturalmagnanimityanddiscretion;andinsomepersons，isnotonlycomely，butgracious.Forexcusations，cessions，modestyitselfwellgoverned，arebutartsofostentation.

　　Andamongstthosearts，thereisnonebetterthanthatwhichPliniusSecundusspeakethof，whichistobeliberalofpraiseandcommendationtoothers，inthat，whereinaman’sselfhathanyperfection.

　　ForsaithPliny，verywittily，Incommendinganother，youdoyourselfright;forhethatyoucommend，iseithersuperiortoyouinthatyoucommend，orinferior.Ifhebeinferior，ifhebetobecommended，youmuchmore;ifhebesuperior，ifhebenottobecommended，youmuchless.

　　Gloriousmenarethescornofwisemen，thead—

　　mirationoffools，theidolsofparasites，andtheslavesoftheirownvaunts.

　　OfHonorANDREPUTATION

　　OfHonorANDREPUTATION

　　THEwinningofhonor，isbuttherevealingofaman，svirtueandworth，withoutdisadvan—

　　tage.Forsomeintheiractions，dowooandeffecthonorandreputation，whichsortofmen，arecommonlymuchtalkedof，butinwardlylittleadmired.Andsome，contrariwise，darkentheirvirtueintheshowofit;soastheybeundervaluedinopinion.Ifamanperformthat，whichhathnotbeenattemptedbefore;orattemptedandgivenover;orhathbeenachieved，butnotwithsogoodcircumstance;heshallpurchasemorehonor，thanbyeffectingamatterofgreaterdifficultyorvirtue，whereinheisbutafollower.Ifamansotemperhisactions，asinsomeoneofthemhedothcontenteveryfaction，orcombinationofpeople，themusicwillbethefuller.Amanisanillhusbandofbishonor，thatenterethintoanyaction，thefailingwhereinmaydisgracehim，morethanthecarry—

　　ingofitthrough，canhonorhim.Honorthatisgainedandbrokenuponanother，haththequick—

　　estreflection，likediamondscutwithfacets.Andtherefore，letamancontendtoexcelanycompeti—

　　torsofhisinhonor，inoutshootingthem，ifhecan，intheirownbow.Discreetfollowersandservants，helpmuchtoreputation.Omnisfamaadomesticisemanat.Envy，whichisthecankerofhonor，isbestextinguishedbydeclaringaman’sselfinhisends，rathertoseekmeritthanfame;andbyattributingaman’ssuccesses，rathertodivineProvidenceandfelicity，thantohisownvirtueorpolicy.

　　Thetruemarshallingofthedegreesofsovereignhonor，arethese：Inthefirstplaceareconditoresimperiorum，foundersofstatesandcommon—

　　wealths;suchaswereRomulus，Cyrus，Caesar，Ottoman，Ismael.Inthesecondplacearelegis—

　　latores，lawgivers;whicharealsocalledsecondfounders，orperpetuiprincipes，becausetheygov—

　　ernbytheirordinancesaftertheyaregone;suchwereLycurgus，Solon，Justinian，Eadgar，Alphon—

　　susofCastile，theWise，thatmadetheSieteParti—

　　das.Inthethirdplaceareliberatores，orsalvatores，suchascompoundthelongmiseriesofcivilwars，ordelivertheircountriesfromservitudeofstrangersortyrants;asAugustusCaesar，Vespasi—

　　anus，Aurelianus，Theodoricus，KingHenrytheSeventhofEngland，KingHenrytheFourthofFrance.Inthefourthplacearepropagatoresorpropugnatoresimperii;suchasinhonorablewarsenlargetheirterritories，ormakenobledefenceagainstinvaders.Andinthelastplacearepatrespatriae;whichreignjustly，andmakethetimesgoodwhereintheylive.Bothwhichlastkindsneednoexamples，theyareinsuchnumber.Degreesofhonor，insubjects，are，firstparticipescurarum，thoseuponwhom，princesdodischargethegreat—

　　estweightoftheiraffairs;theirrighthands，aswecallthem.Thenextareducesbelli，greatleadersinwar;suchasareprinces’lieutenants，anddothemnotableservicesinthewars.Thethirdaregratiosi，favorites;suchasexceednotthisscant—

　　ling，tobesolacetothesovereign，andharmlesstothepeople.Andthefourth，negotiispares;suchashavegreatplacesunderprinces，andexecutetheirplaces，withsufficiency.Thereisanhonor，like—

　　wise，whichmayberankedamongstthegreatest，whichhappenethrarely;thatis，ofsuchassacri—

　　ficethemselvestodeathordangerforthegoodoftheircountry;aswasM.Regulus，andthetwoDecii.

　　OfJudicatureOfJudicatureJUDGESoughttoremember，thattheirofficeisjusdicere，andnotjusdare;tointerpretlaw，andnottomakelaw，orgivelaw.Elsewillitbeliketheauthority，claimedbytheChurchofRome，whichunderpretextofexpositionofScripture，dothnotsticktoaddandalter;andtopronouncethatwhichtheydonotfind;andbyshowofan—

　　tiquity，tointroducenovelty.Judgesoughttobemorelearned，thanwitty，morereverend，thanplausible，andmoreadvised，thanconfident.Aboveallthings，integrityistheirportionandpropervirtue.Cursed（saiththelaw）ishethatremoveththelandmark.Themislayerofamere—stoneistoblame.Butitistheunjustjudge，thatisthecapitalremoveroflandmarks，whenhedefinethamiss，oflandsandproperty.Onefoulsentencedothmorehurt，thanmanyfoulexamples.Forthesedobutcorruptthestream，theothercorrupteththefoun—

　　tain.SowithSolomon，Fonsturbatus，etvenacorrupta，estjustuscadensincausasuacoramadversario.Theofficeofjudgesmayhavereferenceuntothepartiesthatuse，untotheadvocatesthatplead，untotheclerksandministersofjusticeunderneaththem，andtothesovereignorstateabovethem.

　　First，forthecausesorpartiesthatsue.Therebe（saiththeScripture）thatturnjudgment，intowormwood;andsurelytherebealso，thatturnitintovinegar;forinjusticemakethitbitter，anddelaysmakeitsour.Theprincipaldutyofajudge，istosuppressforceandfraud;whereofforceisthemorepernicious，whenitisopen，andfraud，whenitiscloseanddisguised.Addtheretocontentioussuits，whichoughttobespewedout，asthesurfeitofcourts.Ajudgeoughttopreparehiswaytoajustsentence，asGodusethtopreparehisway，byraisingvalleysandtakingdownhills：sowhenthereappearethoneithersideanhighhand，vio—

　　lentprosecution，cunningadvantagestaken，com—

　　bination，power，greatcounsel，thenisthevirtueofajudgeseen，tomakeinequalityequal;thathemayplanthisjudgmentasuponanevenground.

　　Quifortiteremungit，elicitsanguinem;andwherethewine—pressishardwrought，ityieldsaharshwine，thattastesofthegrape—stone.Judgesmustbewareofhardconstructions，andstrainedinfer—

　　ences;forthereisnoworsetorture，thanthetor—

　　tureoflaws.Speciallyincaseoflawspenal，theyoughttohavecare，thatthatwhichwasmeantforterror，benotturnedintorigor;andthattheybringnotuponthepeople，thatshowerwhereoftheScripturespeaketh，Pluetsupereoslaqueos;

　　forpenallawspressed，areashowerofsnaresuponthepeople.Thereforeletpenallaws，iftheyhavebeensleepersoflong，oriftheybegrownunfitforthepresenttime，bebywisejudgesconfinedintheexecution：Judicisofficiumest，utres，itatemporarerum，etc.Incausesoflifeanddeath，judgesought（asfarasthelawpermitteth）injusticetoremem—

　　bermercy;andtocastasevereeyeupontheexample，butamercifuleyeupontheperson.

　　Secondly，fortheadvocatesandcounselthatplead.Patienceandgravityofhearing，isanessen—

　　tialpartofjustice;andanoverspeakingjudgeisnowell—tunedcymbal.Itisnogracetoajudge，firsttofindthat，whichhemighthaveheardinduetimefromthebar;ortoshowquicknessofconceit，incuttingoffevidenceorcounseltooshort;ortopreventinformationbyquestions，thoughperti—

　　nent.Thepartsofajudgeinhearing，arefour：todirecttheevidence;tomoderatelength，repetition，orimpertinencyofspeech;torecapitulate，select，andcollatethematerialpoints，ofthatwhichhathbeensaid;andtogivetheruleorsentence.What—

　　soeverisabovetheseistoomuch;andproceedetheitherofglory，andwillingnesstospeak，orofim—

　　patiencetohear，orofshortnessofmemory，orofwantofastaidandequalattention.Itisastrangethingtosee，thattheboldnessofadvocatesshouldprevailwithjudges;whereastheyshouldimitateGod，inwhoseseattheysit;whorepresseththepre—

　　sumptuous，andgivethgracetothemodest.Butitismorestrange，thatjudgesshouldhavenotedfavorites;whichcannotbutcausemultiplicationoffees，andsuspicionofby—ways.Thereisduefromthejudgetotheadvocate，somecommendationandgracing，wherecausesarewellhandledandfairpleaded;especiallytowardsthesidewhichobtainethnot;forthatupholdsintheclient，thereputationofhiscounsel，andbeatsdowninhimtheconceitofhiscause.Thereislikewiseduetothepublic，acivilreprehensionofadvocates，wherethereappearethcunningcounsel，grossneglect，slightinformation，indiscreetpressing，oranover—

　　bolddefence.Andletnotthecounselatthebar，chopwiththejudge，norwindhimselfintothehandlingofthecauseanew，afterthejudgehathdeclaredhissentence;but，ontheotherside，letnotthejudgemeetthecausehalfway，norgiveoccasiontotheparty，tosayhiscounselorproofswerenotheard.

　　Thirdly，forthatthatconcernsclerksandminis—

　　ters.Theplaceofjusticeisanhallowedplace;andthereforenotonlythebench，butthefoot—place;

　　andprecinctsandpurprisethereof，oughttobepreservedwithoutscandalandcorruption.Forcertainlygrapes（astheScripturesaith）willnotbegatheredofthornsorthistles;eithercanjusticeyieldherfruitwithsweetness，amongstthebriarsandbramblesofcatchingandpollingclerks，andministers.Theattendanceofcourts，issubjecttofourbadinstruments.First，certainpersonsthataresowersofsuits;whichmakethecourtswell，andthecountrypine.Thesecondsortisofthose，thatengagecourtsinquarrelsofjurisdiction，andarenottrulyamicicuriae，butparasiticuriae，inpuffingacourtupbeyondherbounds，fortheirownscrapsandadvantage.Thethirdsort，isofthosethatmaybeaccountedthelefthandsofcourts;personsthatarefullofnimbleandsinistertricksandshifts，wherebytheyperverttheplainanddirectcoursesofcourts，andbringjusticeintoobliquelinesandlabyrinths.Andthefourth，isthepollerandexacteroffees;whichjustifiesthecom—

　　monresemblanceofthecourtsofjustice，tothebushwhereunto，whilethesheepfliesfordefenceinweather，heissuretolosepartofhisfleece.Ontheotherside，anancientclerk，skilfulinprece—

　　dents，waryinproceeding，andunderstandinginthebusinessofthecourt，isanexcellentfingerofacourt;anddothmanytimespointthewaytothejudgehimself.

　　Fourthly，forthatwhichmayconcernthesov—

　　ereignandestate.Judgesoughtabovealltore—

　　membertheconclusionoftheRomanTwelveTables;Saluspopulisupremalex;andtoknowthatlaws，excepttheybeinordertothatend，arebutthingscaptious，andoraclesnotwellinspired.

　　Thereforeitisanhappythinginastate，whenkingsandstatesdooftenconsultwithjudges;andagain，whenjudgesdooftenconsultwiththekingandstate：theone，whenthereismatteroflaw，intervenientinbusinessofstate;theother，whenthereissomeconsiderationofstate，intervenientinmatteroflaw.Formanytimesthethingsde—

　　ducedtojudgmentmaybemeumandtuum，whenthereasonandconsequencethereofmaytrenchtopointofestate：Icallmatterofestate，notonlythepartsofsovereignty，butwhatsoeverintroducethanygreatalteration，ordangerousprecedent;orconcernethmanifestlyanygreatportionofpeo—

　　ple.Andletnomanweaklyconceive，thatjustlawsandtruepolicyhaveanyantipathy;fortheyarelikethespiritsandsinews，thatonemoveswiththeother.Letjudgesalsoremember，thatSolo—

　　mon’sthronewassupportedbylionsonbothsides：

　　letthembelions，butyetlionsunderthethrone;

　　beingcircumspectthattheydonotcheckoropposeanypointsofsovereignty.Letnotjudgesalsobeignorantoftheirownright，astothinkthereisnotlefttothem，asaprincipalpartoftheiroffice，awiseuseandapplicationoflaws.Fortheymayremember，whattheapostlesaithofagreaterlawthantheirs;Nosscimusquialexbonaest，modoquiseautaturlegitime.

　　OfAngerOfAngerTOSEEKtoextinguishangerutterly，isbutabraveryoftheStoics.Wehavebetteroracles：

　　Beangry，butsinnot.Letnotthesungodownuponyouranger.Angermustbelimitedandcon—

　　fined，bothinraceandintime.Wewillfirstspeakhowthenaturalinclinationandhabittobeangry，maybeattemptedandcalmed.Secondly，howtheparticularmotionsofangermayberepressed，oratleastrefrainedfromdoingmischief.Thirdly，howtoraiseanger，orappeaseangerinanother.

　　Forthefirst;thereisnootherwaybuttomedi—

　　tate，andruminatewellupontheeffectsofanger，howittroublesman’slife.Andthebesttimetodothis，istolookbackuponanger，whenthefitisthoroughlyover.Senecasaithwell，Thatangerislikeruin，whichbreaksitselfuponthatitfalls.

　　TheScriptureexhortethustopossessoursoulsinpatience.Whosoeverisoutofpatience，isoutofpossessionofhissoul.Menmustnotturnbees;

　　animasqueinvulnereponunt.

　　Angeriscertainlyakindofbaseness;asitap—

　　pearswellintheweaknessofthosesubjectsinwhomitreigns;children，women，oldfolks，sickfolks.Onlymenmustbeware，thattheycarrytheirangerratherwithscorn，thanwithfear;sothattheymayseemrathertobeabovetheinjury，thanbelowit;whichisathingeasilydone，ifamanwillgivelawtohimselfinit.

　　Forthesecondpoint;thecausesandmotivesofanger，arechieflythree.First，tobetoosensibleofhurt;fornomanisangry，thatfeelsnothimselfhurt;andthereforetenderanddelicatepersonsmustneedsbeoftangry;theyhavesomanythingstotroublethem，whichmorerobustnatureshavelittlesenseof.Thenextis，theapprehensionandconstructionoftheinjuryoffered，tobe，inthecir—

　　cumstancesthereof，fullofcontempt：forcontemptisthat，whichputtethanedgeuponanger，asmuchormorethanthehurtitself.Andtherefore，whenmenareingeniousinpickingoutcircumstancesofcontempt，theydokindletheirangermuch.Lastly，opinionofthetouchofaman’sreputation，dothmultiplyandsharpenanger.Whereintheremedyis，thatamanshouldhave，asConsalvowaswonttosay，telamhonoriscrassiorem.Butinallrefrain—

　　ingsofanger，itisthebestremedytowintime;

　　andtomakeaman’sselfbelieve，thattheoppor—

　　tunityofhisrevengeisnotyetcome，butthatheforeseesatimeforit;andsotostillhimselfinthemeantime，andreserveit.

　　Tocontainangerfrommischief，thoughittakeholdofaman，therebetwothings，whereofyoumusthavespecialcaution.Theone，ofextremebit—

　　ternessofwords，especiallyiftheybeaculeateandproper;forcummuniamaledictaarenothingsomuch;andagain，thatinangeramanrevealnosecrets;forthat，makeshimnotfitforsociety.Theother，thatyoudonotperemptorilybreakoff，inanybusiness，inafitofanger;buthowsoeveryoushowbitterness，donotactanything，thatisnotrevocable.

　　Forraisingandappeasingangerinanother;itisdonechieflybychoosingoftimes，whenmenarefrowardestandworstdisposed，toincensethem.Again，bygathering（aswastouchedbefore）

　　allthatyoucanfindout，toaggravatethecon—

　　tempt.Andthetworemediesarebythecontraries.

　　Theformertotakegoodtimes，whenfirsttorelatetoamananangrybusiness;forthefirstimpres—

　　sionismuch;andtheotheris，tosever，asmuchasmaybe，theconstructionoftheinjuryfromthepointofcontempt;imputingittomisunderstand—

　　ing，fear，passion，orwhatyouwill.

　　OfVicissitudeOFTHINGS

　　OfVicissitudeOFTHINGS

　　SOLOMONsaith，Thereisnonewthingupontheearth.SothatasPlatohadanimagination，Thatallknowledgewasbutremembrance;soSolomongivethhissentence，Thatallnoveltyisbutoblivion.Wherebyyoumaysee，thattheriverofLetherunnethaswellabovegroundasbelow.

　　Thereisanabstruseastrologerthatsaith，Ifitwerenotfortwothingsthatareconstant（theoneis，thatthefixedstarseverstandalikedistanceonefromanother，andnevercomenearertogether，norgofurtherasunder;theother，thatthediurnalmotionperpetuallykeepethtime），noindividualwouldlastonemoment.Certainitis，thatthemat—

　　terisinaperpetualflux，andneveratastay.Thegreatwinding—sheets，thatburyallthingsinob—

　　livion，aretwo;delugesandearthquakes.Asforconflagrationsandgreatdroughts，theydonotmerelydispeopleanddestroy.Phaeton’scarwentbutaday.Andthethreeyears’droughtinthetimeofElias，wasbutparticular，andleftpeoplealive.

　　Asforthegreatburningsbylightnings，whichareoftenintheWestIndies，theyarebutnarrow.Butintheothertwodestructions，bydelugeandearth—

　　quake，itisfurthertobenoted，thattheremnantofpeoplewhichhaptobereserved，arecommonlyignorantandmountainouspeople，thatcangivenoaccountofthetimepast;sothattheoblivionisallone，asifnonehadbeenleft.IfyouconsiderwellofthepeopleoftheWestIndies，itisveryprobablethattheyareanewerorayoungerpeo—

　　ple，thanthepeopleoftheOldWorld.Anditismuchmorelikely，thatthedestructionthathathheretoforebeenthere，wasnotbyearthquakes（astheEgyptianpriesttoldSolonconcerningtheislandofAtlantis，thatitwasswallowedbyanearthquake），butratherthatitwasdesolatedbyaparticulardeluge.Forearthquakesareseldominthoseparts.Butontheotherside，theyhavesuchpouringrivers，astheriversofAsiaandAfrickandEurope，arebutbrookstothem.TheirAndes，like—

　　wise，ormountains，arefarhigherthanthosewithus;wherebyitseems，thattheremnantsofgen—

　　erationofmen，wereinsuchaparticulardelugesaved.AsfortheobservationthatMachiavelhath，thatthejealousyofsects，dothmuchextinguishthememoryofthings;traducingGregorytheGreat，thathedidwhatinhimlay，toextinguishallheathenantiquities;Idonotfindthatthosezealsdoanygreateffects，norlastlong;asitap—

　　pearedinthesuccessionofSabinian，whodidrevivetheformerantiquities.

　　Thevicissitudeofmutationsinthesuperiorglobe，arenofitmatterforthispresentargument.

　　Itmaybe，Plato’sgreatyear，iftheworldshouldlastsolong，wouldhavesomeeffect;notinrenew—

　　ingthestateoflikeindividuals（forthatisthefumeofthose，thatconceivethecelestialbodieshavemoreaccurateinfluencesuponthesethingsbelow，thanindeedtheyhave），butingross.Comets，outofquestion，havelikewisepowerandeffect，overthegrossandmassofthings;buttheyarerathergazedupon，andwaiteduponintheirjourney，thanwiselyobservedintheireffects;speciallyin，theirrespectiveeffects;thatis，whatkindofcomet，formagnitude，color，versionofthebeams，plac—

　　inginthereignofheaven，orlasting，producethwhatkindofeffects.

　　ThereisatoywhichIhaveheard，andIwouldnothaveitgivenover，butwaiteduponalittle.

　　TheysayitisobservedintheLowCountries（I

　　knownotinwhatpart）thateveryfiveandthirtyyears，thesamekindandsuitofyearsandweath—

　　erscomeaboutagain;asgreatfrosts，greatwet，greatdroughts，warmwinters，summerswithlittleheat，andthelike;andtheycallitthePrime.ItisathingIdotherathermention，because，comput—

　　ingbackwards，Ihavefoundsomeconcurrence.

　　Buttoleavethesepointsofnature，andtocometomen.Thegreatestvicissitudeofthingsamongstmen，isthevicissitudeofsectsandreligions.Forthoseorbsruleinmen’smindsmost.Thetruere—

　　ligionisbuiltupontherock;therestaretossed，uponthewavesoftime.Tospeak，therefore，ofthecausesofnewsects;andtogivesomecounselcon—

　　cerningthem，asfarastheweaknessofhumanjudgmentcangivestay，tosogreatrevolutions.

　　Whenthereligionformerlyreceived，isrentbydiscords;andwhentheholinessoftheprofessorsofreligion，isdecayedandfullofscandal;andwithalthetimesbestupid，ignorant，andbar—

　　barous;youmaydoubtthespringingupofanewsect;ifthenalso，thereshouldariseanyextrava—

　　gantandstrangespirit，tomakehimselfauthorthereof.Allwhichpointsheld，whenMahometpublishedhislaw.Ifanewsecthavenottwoprop—

　　erties，fearitnot;foritwillnotspread.Theoneisthesupplanting，ortheopposing，ofauthorityes—

　　tablished;fornothingismorepopularthanthat.

　　Theotheristhegivinglicensetopleasures，andavoluptuouslife.Forasforspeculativeheresies（suchaswereinancienttimestheArians，andnowtheArmenians），thoughtheyworkmightilyuponmen’swits，yettheydonotproduceanygreatal—

　　terationsinstates;exceptitbebythehelpofciviloccasions.Therebethreemannerofplantationsofnewsects.Bythepowerofsignsandmiracles;bytheeloquence，andwisdom，ofspeechandpersua—

　　sion;andbythesword.Formartyrdoms，Ireckonthemamongstmiracles;becausetheyseemtoex—

　　ceedthestrengthofhumannature：andImaydothelike，ofsuperlativeandadmirableholinessoflife.Surelythereisnobetterway，tostoptherisingofnewsectsandschisms，thantoreformabuses;tocompoundthesmallerdifferences;toproceedmildly，andnotwithsanguinarypersecutions;

　　andrathertotakeofftheprincipalauthorsbywin—

　　ningandadvancingthem，thantoenragethembyviolenceandbitterness.

　　Thechangesandvicissitudeinwarsaremany;

　　butchieflyinthreethings;intheseatsorstagesofthewar;intheweapons;andinthemanneroftheconduct.Wars，inancienttime，seemedmoretomovefromeasttowest;forthePersians，Assyrians，Arabians，Tartars（whichweretheinvaders）werealleasternpeople.Itistrue，theGaulswerewest—

　　ern;butwereadbutoftwoincursionsoftheirs：

　　theonetoGallo—Grecia，theothertoRome.Buteastandwesthavenocertainpointsofheaven;andnomorehavethewars，eitherfromtheeastorwest，anycertaintyofobservation.Butnorthandsoutharefixed;andithathseldomorneverbeenseenthatthefarsouthernpeoplehaveinvadedthenorthern，butcontrariwise.Wherebyitismanifestthatthenortherntractoftheworld，isinnaturethemoremartialregion：beitinrespectofthestarsofthathemisphere;orofthegreatcontinentsthatareuponthenorth，whereasthesouthpart，foraughtthatisknown，isalmostallsea;or（whichismostapparent）ofthecoldofthenorthernparts，whichisthatwhich，withoutaidofdiscipline，dothmakethebodieshardest，andthecourageswarmest.

　　Uponthebreakingandshiveringofagreatstateandempire，youmaybesuretohavewars.Forgreatempires，whiletheystand，doenervateanddestroytheforcesofthenativeswhichtheyhavesubdued，restingupontheirownprotectingforces;

　　andthenwhentheyfailalso，allgoestoruin，andtheybecomeaprey.SowasitinthedecayoftheRomanempire;andlikewiseintheempireofAlmaigne，afterCharlestheGreat，everybirdtak—

　　ingafeather;andwerenotunliketobefalltoSpain，ifitshouldbreak.Thegreataccessionsandunionsofkingdoms，dolikewisestirupwars;forwhenastategrowstoanover—power，itislikeagreatflood，thatwillbesuretooverflow.AsithathbeenseeninthestatesofRome，Turkey，Spain，andothers.Lookwhentheworldhathfewestbar—

　　barouspeoples，butsuchascommonlywillnotmarryorgenerate，excepttheyknowmeanstolive（asitisalmosteverywhereatthisday，exceptTar—

　　tary），thereisnodangerofinundationsofpeople;

　　butwhentherebegreatshoalsofpeople，whichgoontopopulate，withoutforeseeingmeansoflifeandsustentation，itisofnecessitythatonceinanageortwo，theydischargeaportionoftheirpeopleuponothernations;whichtheancientnorthernpeoplewerewonttodobylot;castinglotswhatpartshouldstayathome，andwhatshouldseektheirfortunes.Whenawarlikestategrowssoftandeffeminate，theymaybesureofawar.Forcom—

　　monlysuchstatesaregrownmrichinthetimeoftheirdegenerating;andsothepreyinviteth，andtheirdecayinvalor，encouragethawar.

　　Asfortheweapons，ithardlyfallethunderruleandobservation：yetweseeeventhey，havere—

　　turnsandvicissitudes.Forcertainitis，thatord—

　　nancewasknowninthecityoftheOxidrakesinIndia;andwasthat，whichtheMacedonianscalledthunderandlightning，andmagic.Anditiswellknownthattheuseofordnance，hathbeeninChinaabovetwothousandyears.Theconditionsofweapons，andtheirimprovement，are;First，thefetchingafaroff;forthatoutrunsthedanger;asitisseeninordnanceandmuskets.Secondly，thestrengthofthepercussion;whereinlikewiseord—

　　nancedoexceedallarietationsandancientinven—

　　tions.Thethirdis，thecommodioususeofthem;asthattheymayserveinallweathers;thatthecar—

　　riagemaybelightandmanageable;andthelike.

　　Fortheconductofthewar：atthefirst，menrestedextremelyuponnumber：theydidputthewarslikewiseuponmainforceandvalor;pointingdaysforpitchedfields，andsotryingitoutuponanevenmatchandtheyweremoreignorantinrangingandarrayingtheirbattles.After，theygrewtorestuponnumberrathercompetent，thanvast;theygrewtoadvantagesofplace，cunningdiversions，andthelike：andtheygrewmoreskil—

　　fulintheorderingoftheirbattles.

　　Intheyouthofastate，armsdoflourish;inthemiddleageofastate，learning;andthenbothofthemtogetherforatime;inthedecliningageofastate，mechanicalartsandmerchandize.Learninghathhisinfancy，whenitisbutbeginningandalmostchildish;thenhisyouth，whenitisluxuri—

　　antandjuvenile;thenhisstrengthofyears，whenitissolidandreduced;andlastly，hisoldage，whenitwaxethdryandexhaust.Butitisnotgoodtolooktoolongupontheseturningwheelsofvicissitude，lestwebecomegiddy.Asforthephilologyofthem，thatisbutacircleoftales，andthereforenotfitforthiswriting.

　　OfFameOfFameTHEpoetsmakeFameamonster.Theyde—

　　scribeherinpartfinelyandelegantly，andinpartgravelyandsententiously.Theysay，lookhowmanyfeathersshehath，somanyeyesshehathunderneath;somanytongues;somanyvoices;shepricksupsomanyears.

　　Thisisaflourish.Therefollowexcellentpar—

　　ables;asthat，shegatherethstrengthingoing;

　　thatshegoethupontheground，andyethidethherheadintheclouds;thatinthedaytimeshesittethinawatchtower，andfliethmostbynight;thatshemingleththingsdone，withthingsnotdone;

　　andthatsheisaterrortogreatcities.Butthatwhichpassethalltherestis：TheydorecountthattheEarth，motherofthegiantsthatmadewaragainstJupiter，andwerebyhimdestroyed，there—

　　uponinanangerbroughtforthFame.Forcertainitis，thatrebels，figuredbythegiants，andseditiousfamesandlibels，arebutbrothersandsisters，mas—

　　culineandfeminine.Butnow，ifamancantamethismonster，andbringhertofeedatthehand，andgovernher，andwithherflyotherraveningfowlandkillthem，itissomewhatworth.Butweareinfectedwiththestyleofthepoets.Tospeaknowinasadandseriousmanner：Thereisnot，inallthepolitics，aplacelesshandledandmoreworthytobehandled，thanthisoffame.Wewillthereforespeakofthesepoints：Whatarefalsefames;andwhataretruefames;andhowtheymaybebestdiscerned;howfamesmaybesown，andraised;howtheymaybespread，andmulti—

　　plied;andhowtheymaybechecked，andlaiddead.Andotherthingsconcerningthenatureoffame.Fameisofthatforce，asthereisscarcelyanygreataction，whereinithathnotagreatpart;es—

　　peciallyinthewar.MucianusundidVitellius，byafamethathescattered，thatVitelliushadinpur—

　　posetoremovethelegionsofSyriaintoGermany，andthelegionsofGermanyintoSyria;where—

　　uponthelegionsofSyriawereinfinitelyinflamed.

　　JuliusCaesartookPompeyunprovided，andlaidasleephisindustryandpreparations，byafamethathecunninglygaveout：Caesar’sownsoldierslovedhimnot，andbeingweariedwiththewars，andladenwiththespoilsofGaul，wouldforsakehim，assoonashecameintoItaly.LiviasettledallthingsforthesuccessionofhersonTiberius，bycontinualgivingout，thatherhusbandAugustuswasuponrecoveryandamendment，anditisanusualthingwiththepashas，toconcealthedeathoftheGreatTurkfromthejanizariesandmenofwar，tosavethesackingofConstantinopleandothertowns，astheirmanneris.ThemistoclesmadeXerxes，kingofPersia，postapaceoutofGrecia，bygivingout，thattheGrecianshadapurposetobreakhisbridgeofships，whichhehadmadeath—

　　wartHellespont.Therebeathousandsuchlikeexamples;andthemoretheyare，thelesstheyneedtoberepeated;becauseamanmeetethwiththemeverywhere.Thereforeletallwisegovernorshaveasgreatawatchandcareoverfames，astheyhaveoftheactionsanddesignsthemselves.

　　[Thisessaywasnotfinished]

　　glossaryAGlossaryOFARCHAICWORDSANDPHRASES

　　Abridgment：miniatureAbsurd：stupid，unpolishedAbuse：cheat，deceiveAculeate：stingingAdamant：loadstoneAdust：scorchedAdvoutress：adulteressAffect：like，desireAntic：clownAppose：questionArietation：battering—ramAudit：revenueAvoidance：secretoutletBattle：battalionBestow：settleinlifeBlanch：flatter，evadeBrave：boastfulBravery：boast，ostentationBroke：dealinbrokerageBroken：shinebycomparisonBrokenmusic：partmusicCabinet：secretCalendar：weatherforecastCard：chart，mapCarenotto：arerecklessCast：planCat：cate，cakeChargeandadventure：costandriskCheckwith：interfereChop：bandywordsCivil：peacefulClose：secret，secretiveCollect：inferCompound：compromiseConsent：agreementCurious：elaborateCustom：importdutiesDeceive：robDerive：divertDifficileness：morosenessDiscover：revealDonative：moneygiftDoubt：fearEquipollent：equallypowerfulEspial：spyEstate：stateFacility：ofeasypersuasionFair：ratherFame：rumorFavor：featureFlashy：insipidFoot—pace：lobbyForeseen：guardedagainstFroward：stubbornFutile：babblingGlobe：completebodyGlorious：showy，boastfulHumorous：capriciousHundredpoll：hundredthheadImpertinent：irrelevantImplicit：entangledInamean：inmoderationInsmother：suppressedIndifferent：impartialIntend：attendtoKnap：knollLeese：loseLet：hinderLoose：shotLot：spellLurch：interceptMake：profit，getManage：trainMate：conquerMaterial：business—likeMere—stone：boundarystoneMuniting：fortifyingNerve：sinewObnoxious：subservient，liableOes：roundspanglesPair：impairPardon：allowancePassable：mediocrePine—apple—tree：pinePlantation：colonyPlatform：planPlausible：praiseworthyPointdevice：excessivelyprecisePolitic：politicianPoll：extortPoser：examinerPractice：plottingPreoccupate：anticipatePrest：preparedPrick：plantProper：personalProspective：stereoscopeProyne：prunePurprise：enclosurePush：pimpleQuarrel：pretextQuech：flinchReason：principleRecamera：retiring—roomReturn：reactionReturn：wingrunningbackRise：dignityRound：straightSave：accountforScantling：measureSeel：blindShrewd：mischievousSort：associateSpial：spyStaddle：saplingSteal：dosecretlyStirp：familyStond：stop，standStoved：hot—housedStyle：titleSuccess：outcomeSumptuarylaw：lawagainstextravaganceSuperiorglobe：theheavensTemper：proportionTendering：nursingTract：line，traitTravel：travail，laborTreaties：treatisesTrenchto：touchTrivial：commonTurquet：TurkishdwarfUnderfoot：belowvalueUnready：untrainedUsury：interestValue：certifyVirtuous：ableVotary：vowedWanton：spoiledWood：mazeWork：manage，utilizeTheEnd