terationsofscenes，soitbequietlyandwithoutnoise，arethingsofgreatbeautyandpleasure;fortheyfeedandrelievetheeye，beforeitbefullofthesameobject.Letthescenesaboundwithlight，speciallycoloredandvaried;andletthemasquers，oranyother，thataretocomedownfromthescene，havesomemotionsuponthesceneitself，beforetheircomingdown;foritdrawstheeyestrangely，andmakesit，withgreatpleasure，todesiretosee，thatitcannotperfectlydiscern.Letthesongsbeloudandcheerful，andnotchirpingsorpulings.Letthemusiclikewisebesharpandloud，andwellplaced.Thecolorsthatshowbestbycandle—lightarewhite，carnation，andakindofsea—water—green;andoes，orspangs，astheyareofnogreatcost，sotheyareofmostglory.Asforrichembroidery，itislostandnotdiscerned.Letthesuitsofthemasquersbegraceful，andsuchasbe—
cometheperson，whenthevizorsareoff;notafterexamplesofknownattires;Turke，soldiers，mari—
ners’，andthelike.Letanti—masquesnotbelong;
theyhavebeencommonlyoffools，satyrs，baboons，wild—men，antics，beasts，sprites，witches，Ethiops，pigmies，turquets，nymphs，rustics，Cupids，statuasmoving，andthelike.Asforangels，itisnotcomi—
calenough，toputtheminanti—masques;andanythingthatishideous，asdevils，giants，isontheothersideasunfit.Butchiefly，letthemusicofthemberecreative，andwithsomestrangechanges.Somesweetodorssuddenlycomingforth，withoutanydropsfalling，are，insuchacompanyasthereissteamandheat，thingsofgreatpleasureandrefreshment.Doublemasques，oneofmen，anotherofladies，addethstateandvariety.Butallisnothingexcepttheroombekeptclearandneat.
Forjusts，andtourneys，andbarriers;thegloriesofthemarechieflyinthechariots，whereinthechallengersmaketheirentry;especiallyiftheybedrawnwithstrangebeasts：aslions，bears，camels，andthelike;orinthedevicesoftheiren—
trance;orinthebraveryoftheirliveries;orinthegoodlyfurnitureoftheirhorsesandarmor.Butenoughofthesetoys.
OfNatureINMEN
OfNatureINMEN
NATUREisoftenhidden;sometimesover—
come;seldomextinguished.Force，makethnaturemoreviolentinthereturn;doctrineanddis—
course，makethnaturelessimportune;butcustomonlydothalterandsubduenature.Hethatseekethvictoryoverhisnature，lethimnotsethimselftoogreat，nortoosmalltasks;forthefirstwillmakehimdejectedbyoftenfailings;andthesecondwillmakehimasmallproceeder，thoughbyoftenpre—
vailings.Andatthefirstlethimpractisewithhelps，asswimmersdowithbladdersorrushes;
butafteratimelethimpractisewithdisadvan—
tages，asdancersdowiththickshoes.Foritbreedsgreatperfection，ifthepracticebeharderthantheuse.Wherenatureismighty，andthereforethevictoryhard，thedegreeshadneedbe，firsttostayandarrestnatureintime;liketohimthatwouldsayoverthefourandtwentyletterswhenhewasangry;thentogolessinquantity;asifoneshould，inforbearingwine，comefromdrinkinghealths，toadraughtatameal;andlastly，todiscontinuealtogether.Butifamanhavethefortitude，andresolution，toenfranchisehimselfatonce，thatisthebest：
OptimusilleanimivindexlaedentiapectusVinculaquirupit，dedoluitquesemel.
Neitheristheancientruleamiss，tobendnature，asawand，toacontraryextreme，wherebytosetitright，understandingit，wherethecontraryex—
tremeisnovice.Letnotamanforceahabituponhimself，withaperpetualcontinuance，butwithsomeintermission.Forboththepausereinforceththenewonset;andifamanthatisnotperfect，beeverinpractice，heshallaswellpractisehiserrors，ashisabilities，andinduceonehabitofboth;andthereisnomeanstohelpthis，butbyseasonableintermissions.Butletnotamantrusthisvictoryoverhisnature，toofar;fornaturewilllayburiedagreattime，andyetrevive，upontheoccasionortemptation.LikeasitwaswithAEsop’sdamsel，turnedfromacattoawoman，whosatveryde—
mutelyattheboard’send，tillamouseranbeforeher.Therefore，letamaneitheravoidtheoccasionaltogether;orputhimselfoftentoit，thathemaybelittlemovedwithit.Aman’snatureisbestper—
ceivedinprivateness，forthereisnoaffectation;
inpassion，forthatputtethamanoutofhispre—
cepts;andinanewcaseorexperiment，fortherecustomleavethhim.Theyarehappymen，whosenaturessortwiththeirvocations;otherwisetheymaysay，multumincolafuitanimamea;whentheyconverseinthosethings，theydonotaffect.
Instudies，whatsoeveramancommandethuponhimself，lethimsethoursforit;butwhatsoeverisagreeabletohisnature，lethimtakenocareforanysettimes;forhisthoughtswillflytoit，ofthemselves;soasthespacesofotherbusiness，orstudies，willsuffice.Aman’snature，runseithertoherbsorweeds;thereforelethimseasonablywatertheone，anddestroytheother.
OfCustomANDEDUCATION
OfCustomANDEDUCATION
MEN’Sthoughts，aremuchaccordingtotheirinclination;theirdiscourseandspeeches，accordingtotheirlearningandinfusedopinions;
buttheirdeeds，areafterastheyhavebeenaccus—
tomed.Andtherefore，asMachiavelwellnoteth（thoughinanevil—favoredinstance），thereisnotrustingtotheforceofnature，nortothebraveryofwords，exceptitbecorroboratebycustom.Hisinstanceis，thatfortheachievingofadesperateconspiracy，amanshouldnotrestuponthefierce—
nessofanyman’snature，orhisresoluteunder—
takings;buttakesuchanone，ashathhadhishandsformerlyinblood.ButMachiavelknewnotofaFriarClement，noraRavillac，noraJaureguy，noraBaltazarGerard;yethisruleholdethstill，thatnature，northeengagementofwords，arenotsoforcible，ascustom.Onlysuperstitionisnowsowelladvanced，thatmenofthefirstblood，areasfirmasbutchersbyoccupation;andvotaryreso—
lution，ismadeequipollenttocustom，eveninmat—
terofblood.Inotherthings，thepredominancyofcustomiseverywherevisible;insomuchasamanwouldwonder，tohearmenprofess，protest，en—
gage，givegreatwords，andthendo，justastheyhavedonebefore;asiftheyweredeadimages，andenginesmovedonlybythewheelsofcustom.
Weseealsothereignortyrannyofcustom，whatitis.TheIndians（Imeanthesectoftheirwisemen）
laythemselvesquietlyuponastockofwood，andsosacrificethemselvesbyfire.Nay，thewivesstrivetobeburned，withthecorpsesoftheirhus—
bands.TheladsofSparta，ofancienttime，werewonttobescourgeduponthealtarofDiana，with—
outsomuchasqueching.Iremember，inthebe—
ginningofQueenElizabeth’stimeofEngland，anIrishrebelcondemned，putupapetitiontothedeputy，thathemightbehangedinawithe，andnotinanhalter;becauseithadbeensoused，withformerrebels.TherebemonksinRussia，forpen—
ance，thatwillsitawholenightinavesselofwater，tilltheybeengagedwithhardice.Manyexamplesmaybeputoftheforceofcustom，bothuponmindandbody.Therefore，sincecustomistheprincipalmagistrateofman’slife，letmenbyallmeansen—
deavor，toobtaingoodcustoms.Certainlycustomismostperfect，whenitbeginnethinyoungyears：
thiswecalleducation;whichis，ineffect，butanearlycustom.Sowesee，inlanguages，thetongueismoreplianttoallexpressionsandsounds，thejointsaremoresupple，toallfeatsofactivityandmotions，inyouththanafterwards.Foritistrue，thatlatelearnerscannotsowelltaketheply;ex—
ceptitbeinsomeminds，thathavenotsufferedthemselvestofix，buthavekeptthemselvesopen，andpreparedtoreceivecontinualamendment，whichisexceedingrare.Butiftheforceofcus—
tomsimpleandseparate，begreat，theforceofcustomcopulateandconjoinedandcollegiate，isfargreater.Forthereexampleteacheth，companycomforteth，emulationquickeneth，gloryraiseth：
soasinsuchplacestheforceofcustomisinhisexaltation.Certainlythegreatmultiplicationofvirtuesuponhumannature，restethuponsocie—
tieswellordainedanddisciplined.Forcommon—
wealths，andgoodgovernments，donourishvirtuegrownbutdonotmuchmendthedeeds.Butthemiseryis，thatthemosteffectualmeans，arenowappliedtotheends，leasttobedesired.
OfFortuneOfFortuneITCANNOTbedenied，butoutwardaccidentsconducemuchtofortune;favor，opportunity，deathofothers，occasionfittingvirtue.Butchiefly，themouldofaman’sfortuneisinhisownhands.
Faberquisquefortunaesuae，saiththepoet.Andthemostfrequentofexternalcausesis，thatthefollyofoneman，isthefortuneofanother.Fornomanprosperssosuddenly，asbyothers’errors.
Serpensnisiserpentemcomederitnonfitdraco.
Overtandapparentvirtues，bringforthpraise;buttherebesecretandhiddenvirtues，thatbringforthfortune;certaindeliveriesofaman’sself，whichhavenoname.TheSpanishname，desemboltura，partlyexpresseththem;whentherebenotstondsnorrestivenessinaman’snature;butthatthewheelsofhismind，keepwaywiththewheelsofhisfortune.ForsoLivy（afterhehaddescribedCatoMajorinthesewords，Inillovirotantumro—
burcorporisetanimifuit，utquocunqueloconatusesset，fortunamsibifacturusvideretur）fallethuponthat，thathehadversatileingenium.There—
foreifamanlooksharplyandattentively，heshallseeFortune：forthoughshebeblind，yetsheisnotinvisible.Thewayoffortune，isliketheMilkenWayinthesky;whichisameetingorknotofanumberofsmallstars;notseenasunder，butgiv—
inglighttogether.Soarethereanumberoflittle，andscarcediscernedvirtues，orratherfacul—
tiesandcustoms，thatmakemenfortunate.TheItaliansnotesomeofthem，suchasamanwouldlittlethink.Whentheyspeakofonethatcannotdoamiss，theywillthrowin，intohisotherconditions，thathehathPocodimatto.Andcertainlytherebenottwomorefortunateproperties，thantohavealittleofthefool，andnottoomuchofthehonest.
Thereforeextremeloversoftheircountryormasters，wereneverfortunate，neithercantheybe.Forwhenamanplacethhisthoughtswithouthimself，hegoethnothisownway.Anhastyfor—
tunemakethanenterpriserandremover（theFrenchhathitbetter，entreprenant，orremuant）;
buttheexercisedfortunemakeththeableman.
Fortuneistobehonoredandrespected，anditbebutforherdaughters，ConfidenceandReputation.
Forthosetwo，Felicitybreedeth;thefirstwithinaman’sself，thelatterinotherstowardshim.Allwisemen，todeclinetheenvyoftheirownvirtues，usetoascribethemtoProvidenceandFortune;forsotheymaythebetterassumethem：and，besides，itisgreatnessinaman，tobethecareofthehigherpowers.SoCaesarsaidtothepilotinthetempest，Caesaremportas，etfortunamejus.SoSyllachosethenameofFelix，andnotofMagnus.Andithathbeennoted，thatthosewhoascribeopenlytoomuchtotheirownwisdomandpolicy，endinfor—
tunate.ItiswrittenthatTimotheustheAthenian，afterhehad，intheaccounthegavetothestateofhisgovernment，ofteninterlacedthisspeech，andinthis，Fortunehadnopart，neverprosperedinanything，heundertookafterwards.Certainlytherebe，whosefortunesarelikeHomer’sverses，thathaveaslideandeasinessmorethantheversesofotherpoets;asPlutarchsaithofTimoleon’sfor—
tune，inrespectofthatofAgesilausorEpaminon—
das.Andthatthisshoulldbe，nodoubtitismuch，inaman’sself.
OfUsuryOfUsuryMANYhavemadewittyinvectivesagainstusury.Theysaythatitisapity，thedevilshouldhaveGod’spart，whichisthetithe.ThattheusureristhegreatestSabbath—breaker，becausehisploughgoetheverySunday.Thattheusureristhedrone，thatVirgilspeakethof;
Ignavumfucospecusapraesepibusarcent.
Thattheusurerbreakeththefirstlaw，thatwasmadeformankindafterthefall，whichwas，insudorevultustuicomedespanemtuum;not，insudorevultusalieni.Thatusurersshouldhaveorange—tawnybonnets，becausetheydojudaize.
Thatitisagainstnatureformoneytobegetmoney;
andthelike.Isaythisonly，thatusuryisaconces—
sumpropterduritiemcordis;forsincetheremustbeborrowingandlending，andmenaresohardofheart，astheywillnotlendfreely，usurymustbepermitted.Someothers，havemadesuspiciousandcunningpropositionsofbanks，discoveryofmen’sestates，andotherinventions.Butfewhavespokenofusuryusefully.Itisgoodtosetbeforeus，theincommoditiesandcommoditiesofusury，thatthegood，maybeeitherweighedoutorculledout;
andwarilytoprovide，thatwhilewemakeforthtothatwhichisbetter，wemeetnotwiththatwhichisworse.
Thediscommoditiesofusuryare，First，thatitmakesfewermerchants.Forwereitnotforthislazytradeofusury，moneywouldnothestill，butwouldingreatpartbeemployeduponmerchan—
dizing;whichisthevenaportaofwealthinastate.
Thesecond，thatitmakespoormerchants.For，asafarmercannothusbandhisgroundsowell，ifhesitatagreatrent;sothemerchantcannotdrivehistradesowell，ifhesitatgreatusury.Thethirdisincidenttotheothertwo;andthatisthedecayofcustomsofkingsorstates，whichebborflow，withmerchandizing.Thefourth，thatitbringeththetreasureofarealm，orstate，intoafewhands.Fortheusurerbeingatcertainties，andothersatuncer—
tainties，attheendofthegame，mostofthemoneywillbeinthebox;andeverastateflourisheth，whenwealthismoreequallyspread.Thefifth，thatitbeatsdownthepriceofland;fortheem—
ploymentofmoney，ischieflyeithermerchandiz—
ingorpurchasing;andusurywaylaysboth.Thesixth，thatitdothdullanddampallindustries，im—
provements，andnewinventions，whereinmoneywouldbestirring，ifitwerenotforthisslug.Thelast，thatitisthecankerandruinofmanymen’sestates;which，inprocessoftime，breedsapublicpoverty.
Ontheotherside，thecommoditiesofusuryare，first，thathowsoeverusuryinsomerespecthinder—
ethmerchandizing，yetinsomeotheritadvancethit;foritiscertainthatthegreatestpartoftradeisdrivenbyyoungmerchants，uponborrowingatinterest;soasiftheusurereithercallin，orkeepback，hismoney，therewillensue，presently，agreatstandoftrade.Thesecondis，thatwereitnotforthiseasyborrowinguponinterest，men’sneces—
sitieswoulddrawuponthemamostsuddenun—
doing;inthattheywouldbeforcedtoselltheirmeans（beitlandsorgoods）farunderfoot;andso，whereasusurydothbutgnawuponthem，badmarketswouldswallowthemquiteup.Asformortgagingorpawning，itwilllittlemendthematter：foreithermenwillnottakepawnswith—
outuse;oriftheydo，theywilllookpreciselyfortheforfeiture.Irememberacruelmoneyedmaninthecountry，thatwouldsay，Thedeviltakethisusury，itkeepsusfromforfeitures，ofmortgagesandbonds.Thethirdandlastis，thatitisavanitytoconceive，thattherewouldbeordinaryborrow—
ingwithoutprofit;anditisimpossibletoconceive，thenumberofinconveniencesthatwillensue，ifborrowingbecramped.Thereforetospeakoftheabolishingofusuryisidle.Allstateshaveeverhadit，inonekindorrate，orother.SoasthatopinionmustbesenttoUtopia.
Tospeaknowofthereformation，andreigle—
ment，ofusury;howthediscommoditiesofitmaybebestavoided，andthecommoditiesretained.Itappears，bythebalanceofcommoditiesanddis—
commoditiesofusury，twothingsaretoberecon—
ciled.Theone，thatthetoothofusurybegrinded，thatitbitenottoomuch;theother，thattherebeleftopenameans，toinvitemoneyedmentolendtothemerchants，forthecontinuingandquicken—
ingoftrade.Thiscannotbedone，exceptyouintro—
ducetwoseveralsortsofusury，alessandagreater.
Forifyoureduceusurytoonelowrate，itwilleasethecommonborrower，butthemerchantwillbetoseekformoney.Anditistobenoted，thatthetradeofmerchandize，beingthemostlucrative，maybearusuryatagoodrate;othercontractsnotso.
Toservebothintentions，thewaywouldbebrieflythus.Thattherebetworatesofusury：
theonefree，andgeneralforall;theotherunderlicenseonly，tocertainpersons，andincertainplacesofmerchandizing.First，therefore，letusuryingeneral，bereducedtofiveinthehundred;andletthatratebeproclaimed，tobefreeandcurrent;
andletthestateshutitselfout，totakeanypenaltyforthesame.Thiswillpreserveborrowing，fromanygeneralstopordryness.Thiswilleaseinfiniteborrowersinthecountry.Thiswill，ingoodpart，raisethepriceofland，becauselandpurchasedatsixteenyears’purchasewillyieldsixinthehundred，andsomewhatmore;whereasthisrateofinterest，yieldsbutfive.Thisbylikereasonwillencourage，andedge，industriousandprofit—
ableimprovements;becausemanywillratherventureinthatkind，thantakefiveinthehun—
dred，especiallyhavingbeenusedtogreaterprofit.
Secondly，lettherebecertainpersonslicensed，tolendtoknownmerchants，uponusuryatahigherrate;andletitbewiththecautionsfol—
lowing.Lettheratebe，evenwiththemerchanthimself，somewhatmoreeasythanthatheusedformerlytopay;forbythatmeans，allbor—
rowers，shallhavesomeeasebythisreformation，behemerchant，orwhosoever.Letitbenobankorcommonstock，buteverymanbemasterofhisownmoney.NotthatIaltogethermis—
likebanks，buttheywillhardlybebrooked，inregardofcertainsuspicions.Letthestatebeansweredsomesmallmatterforthelicense，andtherestlefttothelender;foriftheabatementbebutsmall，itwillnowhitdiscouragethelender.
Forhe，forexample，thattookbeforetenornineinthehundred，willsoonerdescendtoeightinthehundredthangiveoverhistradeofusury，andgofromcertaingains，togainsofhazard.Lettheselicensedlendersbeinnumberindefinite，butre—
strainedtocertainprincipalcitiesandtownsofmerchandizing;forthentheywillbehardlyabletocolorothermen’smoneysinthecountry：soasthelicenseofninewillnotsuckawaythecurrentrateoffive;fornomanwillsendhismoneysfaroff，norputthemintounknownhands.
Ifitbeobjectedthatthisdothinasortauthorizeusury，whichbefore，wasinsomeplacesbutper—
missive;theansweris，thatitisbettertomitigateusury，bydeclaration，thantosufferittorage，byconnivance.
OfYouthANDAGE
OfYouthANDAGE
AMANthatisyounginyears，maybeoldinhours，ifhehavelostnotime.Butthathap—
penethrarely.Generally，youthislikethefirstcogitations，notsowiseasthesecond.Forthereisayouthinthoughts，aswellasinages.Andyettheinventionofyoungmen，ismorelivelythanthatofold;andimaginationsstreamintotheirmindsbetter，and，asitwere，moredivinely.Naturesthathavemuchheat，andgreatandviolentdesiresandperturbations，arenotripeforaction，tilltheyhavepassedthemeridianoftheiryears;asitwaswithJuliusCaesarandSeptimiusSeverus.Ofthelatter，ofwhomitissaid，Juventutemegiterroribus，imofuroribus，plenam.Andyethewastheablestem—
peror，almost，ofallthelist.Butreposednaturesmaydowellinyouth.AsitisseeninAugustusCaesar，CosmusDukeofFlorence，GastondeFoix，andothers.Ontheotherside，heatandvivacityinage，isanexcellentcompositionforbusiness.
Youngmenarefittertoinvent，thantojudge;fitterforexecution，thanforcounsel;andfitterfornewprojects，thanforsettledbusiness.Fortheexperi—
enceofage，inthingsthatfallwithinthecompassofit，directeththem;butinnewthings，abuseththem.
Theerrorsofyoungmen，aretheruinofbusi—
ness;buttheerrorsofagedmen，amountbuttothis，thatmoremighthavebeendone，orsooner.
Youngmen，intheconductandmanageofactions，embracemorethantheycanhold;stirmorethantheycanquiet;flytotheend，withoutconsidera—
tionofthemeansanddegrees;pursuesomefewprinciples，whichtheyhavechanceduponabsurdly;carenottoinnovate，whichdrawsun—
knowninconveniences;useextremeremediesatfirst;and，thatwhichdoublethallerrors，willnotacknowledgeorretractthem;likeanunreadyhorse，thatwillneitherstopnorturn.Menofageobjecttoomuch，consulttoolong，adventuretoolittle，repenttoosoon，andseldomdrivebusinesshometothefullperiod，butcontentthemselveswithamediocrityofsuccess.Certainlyitisgoodtocompoundemploymentsofboth;forthatwillbegoodforthepresent，becausethevirtuesofeitherage，maycorrectthedefectsofboth;andgoodforsuccession，thatyoungmenmaybelearners，whilemeninageareactors;and，lastly，goodforexternaccidents，becauseauthorityfollowetholdmen，andfavorandpopularity，youth.Butforthemoralpart，perhapsyouthwillhavethepre—eminence，asagehathforthepolitic.Acertainrabbin，uponthetext，Youryoungmenshallseevisions，andyouroldmenshalldreamdreams，inferreththatyoungmen，areadmittednearertoGodthanold，becausevision，isaclearerrevelation，thanadream.Andcertainly，themoreamandrinkethoftheworld，themoreitintoxicateth;andagedothprofitratherinthepowersofunderstanding，thaninthevirtuesofthewillandaffections.Therebesome，haveanover—earlyripenessintheiryears，whichfadethbetimes.Theseare，first，suchashavebrittlewits，theedgewhereofissoonturned;suchaswasHer—
mogenestherhetorician，whosebooksareexceed—
ingsubtle;whoafterwardswaxedstupid.Asecondsort，isofthosethathavesomenaturaldispositionswhichhavebettergraceinyouth，thaninage;
suchasisafluentandluxuriantspeech;whichbecomesyouthwell，butnotage：soTullysaithofHortensius，Idemmanebat，nequeidemdecebat.
Thethirdisofsuch，astaketoohighastrainatthefirst，andaremagnanimous，morethantractofyearscanuphold.AswasScipioAfricanus，ofwhomLivysaithineffect，Ultimaprimiscedebant.
OfBeautyOfBeautyVIRTUEislikearichstone，bestplainset;andsurelyvirtueisbest，inabodythatiscomely，thoughnotofdelicatefeatures;andthathathratherdignityofpresence，thanbeautyofaspect.
Neitherisitalmostseen，thatverybeautifulper—
sonsareotherwiseofgreatvirtue;asifnaturewereratherbusy，nottoerr，thaninlabortoproduceexcellency.Andthereforetheyproveaccom—
plished，butnotofgreatspirit;andstudyratherbehavior，thanvirtue.Butthisholdsnotalways：
forAugustusCaesar，TitusVespasianus，PhilipleBelleofFrance，EdwardtheFourthofEngland，AlcibiadesofAthens，IsmaeltheSophyofPersia，wereallhighandgreatspirits;andyetthemostbeautifulmenoftheirtimes.Inbeauty，thatoffavor，ismorethanthatofcolor;andthatofdecentandgraciousmotion，morethanthatoffavor.Thatisthebestpartofbeauty，whichapicturecannotexpress;no，northefirstsightofthelife.Thereisnoexcellentbeauty，thathathnotsomestrangenessintheproportion.AmancannottellwhetherApelles，orAlbertDurer，werethemoretrifler;
whereoftheone，wouldmakeapersonagebygeo—
metricalproportions;theother，bytakingthebestpartsoutofdiversfaces，tomakeoneexcellent.
Suchpersonages，Ithink，wouldpleasenobody，butthepainterthatmadethem.NotbutIthinkapaintermaymakeabetterfacethaneverwas;buthemustdoitbyakindoffelicity（asamusicianthatmakethanexcellentairinmusic），andnotbyrule.Amanshallseefaces，thatifyouexaminethempartbypart，youshallfindneveragood;
andyetaltogetherdowell.Ifitbetruethattheprincipalpartofbeautyisindecentmotion，cer—
tainlyitisnomarvel，thoughpersonsinyearsseemmanytimesmoreamiable;pulchrorumautumnuspulcher;fornoyouthcanbecomelybutbypardon，andconsideringtheyouth，astomakeupthecomeliness.Beautyisassummerfruits，）whichareeasytocorrupt，andcannotlast;
andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth，andanagealittleoutofcountenance;butyetcer—
tainlyagain，ifitlightwell，itmakethvirtueshine，andvicesblush.
OfDeformityOfDeformityDEFORMEDpersonsarecommonlyevenwithnature;forasnaturehathdoneillbythem，sodotheybynature;beingforthemostpart（astheScripturesaith）voidofnaturalaffection;andsotheyhavetheirrevengeofnature.Certainlythereisaconsent，betweenthebodyandthemind;
andwherenatureerrethintheone，sheventurethintheother.Ubipeccatinuno，periclitaturinal—
tero.Butbecausethereis，inman，anelectiontouchingtheframeofhismind，andanecessityintheframeofhisbody，thestarsofnaturalinclina—
tionaresometimesobscured，bythesunofdisci—
plineandvirtue.Thereforeitisgoodtoconsiderofdeformity，notasasign，whichismoredeceivable;
butasacause，whichseldomfailethoftheeffect.
Whosoeverhathanythingfixedinhisperson，thatdothinducecontempt，hathalsoaperpetualspurinhimself，torescueanddeliverhimselffromscorn.Thereforealldeformedpersons，areextremebold.First，asintheirowndefence，asbeingex—
posedtoscorn;butinprocessoftime，byageneralhabit.Alsoitstirrethinthemindustry，andespe—
ciallyofthiskind，towatchandobservetheweak—
nessofothers，thattheymayhavesomewhattorepay.Again，intheirsuperiors，itquenchethjealousytowardsthem，aspersonsthattheythinktheymay，atpleasure，despise：anditlayeththeircompetitorsandemulatorsasleep;asneverbeliev—
ingtheyshouldbeinpossibilityofadvancement，tilltheyseetheminpossession.Sothatuponthematter，inagreatwit，deformityisanadvantagetorising.Kingsinancienttimes（andatthispres—
entinsomecountries）werewonttoputgreattrustineunuchs;becausetheythatareenvioustowardsallaremoreobnoxiousandofficious，towardsone.
Butyettheirtrusttowardsthem，hathratherbeenastogoodspials，andgoodwbisperers，thangoodmagistratesandofficers.Andmuchlikeisthereasonofdeformedpersons.Stillthegroundis，theywill，iftheybeofspirit，seektofreethem—
selvesfromscorn;whichmustbeeitherbyvirtueormalice;andthereforeletitnotbemarvelled，ifsometimestheyproveexcellentpersons;aswasAgesilaus，ZangerthesonofSolyman，AEsop，Gasca，PresidentofPeru;andSocratesmaygolikewiseamongstthem;withothers.
OfBuildingOfBuildingHOUSESarebuilttolivein，andnottolookon;
thereforeletusebepreferredbeforeuni—
formity，exceptwherebothmaybehad.Leavethegoodlyfabricsofhouses，forbeautyonly，totheenchantedpalacesofthepoets;whobuildthemwithsmallcost.Hethatbuildsafairhouse，uponanillseat，committethhimselftoprison.NeitherdoIreckonitanillseat，onlywheretheairisun—
wholesome;butlikewisewheretheairisunequal;
asyoushallseemanyfineseatssetuponaknapofground，environedwithhigherhillsroundaboutit;wherebytheheatofthesunispentin，andthewindgatherethasintroughs;soasyoushallhave，andthatsuddenly，asgreatdiversityofheatandcoldasifyoudweltinseveralplaces.Neitherisitillaironlythatmakethanillseat，butillways，illmarkets;and，ifyouwillconsultwithMomus，illneighbors.Ispeaknotofmanymore;wantofwater;wantofwood，shade，andshelter;wantoffruitfulness，andmixtureofgroundsofseveralnatures;wantofprospect;wantoflevelgrounds;
wantofplacesatsomeneardistanceforsportsofhunting，hawking，andraces;toonearthesea，tooremote;havingthecommodityofnavigablerivers，orthediscommodityoftheiroverflowing;toofarofffromgreatcities，whichmayhinderbusiness，ortoonearthem，whichlurchethallprovisions，andmaketheverythingdear;whereamanhathagreatlivinglaidtogether，andwhereheisscanted：allwhich，asitisimpossibleperhapstofindtogether，soitisgoodtoknowthem，andthinkofthem，thatamanmaytakeasmanyashecan;
andifhehaveseveraldwellings，thathesortthemsothatwhathewantethintheone，hemayfindintheother.LucullusansweredPompeywell;who，whenhesawhisstatelygalleries，androomssolargeandlightsome，inoneofhishouses，said，Surelyanexcellentplaceforsummer，buthowdoyouinwinter？Lucullusanswered，Why，doyounotthinkmeaswiseassomefowlare，thateverchangetheirabodetowardsthewinter？
Topassfromtheseat，tothehouseitself;wewilldoasCicerodothintheorator’sart;whowritesbooksDeOratore，andabookheentitlesOrator;
whereoftheformer，deliversthepreceptsoftheart，andthelatter，theperfection.Wewillthere—
foredescribeaprincelypalace，makingabriefmodelthereof.Foritisstrangetosee，nowinEurope，suchhugebuildingsastheVaticanandEscurialandsomeothersbe，andyetscarceaveryfairroominthem.
First，therefore，Isayyoucannothaveaperfectpalaceexceptyouhavetwoseveralsides;asideforthebanquet，asitisspokenofinthebookofHester，andasideforthehousehold;theoneforfeastsandtriumphs，andtheotherfordwelling.Iunderstandboththesesidestobenotonlyreturns，butpartsofthefront;andtobeuniformwithout，thoughseverallypartitionedwithin;andtobeonbothsidesofagreatandstatelytower，inthemidstofthefront，that，asitwere，joineththemtogetheroneitherhand.Iwouldhaveonthesideoftheban—
quet，infront，oneonlygoodlyroomabovestairs，ofsomefortyfoothigh;andunderitaroomforadressing，orpreparingplace，attimesoftriumphs.
Ontheotherside，whichisthehouseholdside，I
wishitdividedatthefirst，intoahallandachapel（withapartitionbetween）;bothofgoodstateandbigness;andthosenottogoallthelength，buttohaveatthefurtherend，awinterandasummerparlor，bothfair.Andundertheserooms，afairandlargecellar，sunkunderground;andlikewisesomeprivykitchens，withbutteriesandpantries，andthelike.Asforthetower，Iwouldhaveittwostories，ofeighteenfoothighapiece，abovethetwowings;andagoodlyleadsuponthetop，railedwithstatuasinterposed;andthesametowertobedi—
videdintorooms，asshallbethoughtfit.Thestairslikewisetotheupperrooms，letthembeuponafairopennewel，andfinelyrailedin，withimagesofwood，castintoabrasscolor;andaveryfairlanding—placeatthetop.Butthistobe，ifyoudonotpointanyofthelowerrooms，foradiningplaceofservants.Forotherwise，youshallhavetheser—
vants’dinnerafteryourown：forthesteamofit，willcomeupasinatunnel.Andsomuchforthefront.OnlyIunderstandtheheightofthefirststairstobesixteenfoot，whichistheheightofthelowerroom.
Beyondthisfront，istheretobeafaircourt，butthreesidesofit，ofafarlowerbuildingthanthefront.Andinallthefourcornersofthatcourt，fairstaircases，castintoturrets，ontheoutside，andnotwithintherowofbuildingsthemselves.Butthosetowers，arenottobeoftheheightofthefront，butratherproportionabletothelowerbuilding.Letthecourtnotbepaved，forthatstrikethupagreatheatinsummer，andmuchcoldinwinter.Butonlysomesidealleys，withacross，andthequar—
terstograze，beingkeptshorn，butnottoonearshorn.Therowofreturnonthebanquetside，letitbeallstatelygalleries：inwhichgallerieslettherebethree，orfive，finecupolasinthelengthofit，placedatequaldistance;andfinecoloredwindowsofseveralworks.Onthehouseholdside，chambersofpresenceandordinaryentertainments，withsomebed—chambers;andletallthreesidesbeadoublehouse，withoutthoroughlightsonthesides，thatyoumayhaveroomsfromthesun，bothforforenoonandafternoon.Castitalso，thatyoumayhaverooms，bothforsummerandwinter;shadyforsummer，andwarmforwinter.Youshallhavesometimesfairhousessofullofglass，thatonecan—
nottellwheretobecome，tobeoutofthesunorcold.Forinbowedwindows，Iholdthemofgooduse（incities，indeed，uprightdobetter，inrespectoftheuniformitytowardsthestreet）;fortheybeprettyretiringplacesforconference;andbesides，theykeepboththewindandsunoff;forthatwhichwouldstrikealmostthroughtheroom，dothscarcepassthewindow.Butletthembebutfew，fourinthecourt，onthesidesonly.
Beyondthiscourt，lettherebeaninwardcourt，ofthesamesquareandheight;whichistobeen—
vironedwiththegardenonallsides;andintheinside，cloisteredonallsides，upondecentandbeautifularches，ashighasthefirststory.Ontheunderstory，towardsthegarden，letitbeturnedtoagrotto，oraplaceofshade，orestivation.Andonlyhaveopeningandwindowstowardsthegar—
den;andbeleveluponthefloor，nowhitsunkenunderground，toavoidalldampishness.Andlettherebeafountain，orsomefairworkofstatuas，inthemidstofthiscourt;andtobepavedastheothercourtwas.Thesebuildingstobeforprivylodgingsonbothsides;andtheendforprivygalleries.
Whereofyoumustforeseethatoneofthembeforaninfirmary，iftheprinceoranyspecialpersonshouldbesick，withchambers，bed—chamber，ante—
camera，andrecamerajoiningtoit.Thisuponthesecondstory.Uponthegroundstory，afairgallery，open，uponpillars;anduponthethirdstorylike—
wise，anopengallery，uponpillars，totaketheprospectandfreshnessofthegarden.Atbothcor—
nersofthefurtherside，bywayofreturn，lettherebetwodelicateorrichcabinets，daintilypaved，richlyhanged，glazedwithcrystallineglass，andarichcupolainthemidst;andallotherelegancythatmaybethoughtupon.Intheuppergallerytoo，Iwishthattheremaybe，iftheplacewillyieldit，somefountainsrunningindiversplacesfromthewall，withsomefineavoidances.Andthusmuchforthemodelofthepalace;savethatyoumusthave，beforeyoucometothefront，threecourts.Agreencourtplain，withawallaboutit;
asecondcourtofthesame，butmoregarnished，withlittleturrets，orratherembellishments，uponthewall;andathirdcourt，tomakeasquarewiththefront，butnottobebuilt，noryetenclosedwithanakedwall，butenclosedwithterraces，leadedaloft，andfairlygarnished，onthethreesides;andcloisteredontheinside，withpillars，andnotwitharchesbelow.Asforoffices，letthemstandatdis—
tance，withsomelowgalleries，topassfromthemtothepalaceitself.
OfGardensOfGardensG0DAlmightyfirstplantedagarden.Andindeeditisthepurestofhumanpleasures.
Itisthegreatestrefreshmenttothespiritsofman;
withoutwhich，buildingsandpalacesarebutgrosshandiworks;andamanshalleversee，thatwhenagesgrowtocivilityandelegancy，mencometobuildstatelysoonerthantogardenfinely;
asifgardeningwerethegreaterperfection.Idoholdit，intheroyalorderingofgardens，thereoughttobegardens，forallthemonthsintheyear;
inwhichseverallythingsofbeautymaybetheninseason.ForDecember，andJanuary，andthelatterpartofNovember，youmusttakesuchthingsasaregreenallwinter：holly;ivy;bays;juniper;
cypress—trees;yew;pine—apple—trees;fir—trees;
rosemary;lavender;periwinkle，thewhite，thepurple，andtheblue;germander;flags;orange—
trees;lemon—trees;andmyrtles，iftheybestoved;
andsweetmarjoram，warmset.Therefolloweth，forthelatterpartofJanuaryandFebruary，themezereon—tree，whichthenblossoms;crocusver—
nus，boththeyellowandthegrey;primroses，anemones;theearlytulippa;hyacinthusorien—
talis;chamairis;fritellaria.ForMarch，therecomeviolets，speciallythesingleblue，whicharetheearliest;theyellowdaffodil;thedaisy;thealmond—treeinblossom;thepeach—treeinblos—
som;thecornelian—treeinblossom;sweet—briar.
InAprilfollowthedoublewhiteviolet;thewall—
flower;thestock—gilliflower;thecowslip;flower—
delices，andliliesofallnatures;rosemary—flowers;
thetulippa;thedoublepeony;thepaledaffodil;
theFrenchhoneysuckle;thecherry—treeinblos—
som;thedamsonandplum—treesinblossom;thewhitethorninleaf;thelilac—tree.InMayandJunecomepinksofallsorts，speciallytheblush—
pink;rosesofallkinds，exceptthemusk，whichcomeslater;honeysuckles;strawberries;bugloss;
columbine;theFrenchmarigold，flosAfricanus;
cherry—treeinfruit;ribes;figsinfruit;rasps;vine—
flowers;lavenderinflowers;thesweetsatyrian，withthewhiteflower;herbamuscaria;liliumconvallium;theapple—treeinblossom.InJulycomegilliflowersofallvarieties;musk—roses;thelime—treeinblossom;earlypearsandplumsinfruit;jennetings，codlins.InAugustcomeplumsofallsortsinfruit;pears;apricocks;berberries;
filberds;musk—melons;monks—hoods，ofallcolors.
InSeptembercomegrapes;apples;poppiesofallcolors;peaches;melocotones;nectarines;cor—
nelians;wardens;quinces.InOctoberandthebeginningofNovembercomeservices;medlars;
bullaces;rosescutorremovedtocomelate;holly—
hocks;andsuchlike.TheseparticularsarefortheclimateofLondon;butmymeaningisperceived，thatyoumayhaveverperpetuum，astheplaceaffords.
Andbecausethebreathofflowersisfarsweeterintheair（whereitcomesandgoeslikethewarb—
lingofmusic）thaninthehand，thereforenothingismorefitforthatdelight，thantoknowwhatbetheflowersandplantsthatdobestperfumetheair.
Roses，damaskandred，arefastflowersoftheirsmells;sothatyoumaywalkbyawholerowofthem，andfindnothingoftheirsweetness;yeathoughitbeinamorning’sdew.Bayslikewiseyieldnosmellastheygrow.Rosemarylittle;norsweetmarjoram.Thatwhichaboveallothersyieldsthesweetestsmellintheairistheviolet，speciallythewhitedoubleviolet，whichcomestwiceayear;aboutthemiddleofApril，andaboutBartholomew—tide.Nexttothatisthemusk—rose.
Thenthestrawberry—leavesdying，whichyieldamostexcellentcordialsmell.Thentheflowerofvines;itisalittledust，likethedustofabent，whichgrowsupontheclusterinthefirstcomingforth.
Thensweet—briar.Thenwall—flowers，whichareverydelightfultobesetunderaparlororlowerchamberwindow.Thenpinksandgilliflowers，especiallythemattedpinkandclovegilliflower.
Thentheflowersofthelime—tree.Thenthehoney—
suckles，sotheybesomewhatafaroff.Ofbean—
flowersIspeaknot，becausetheyarefieldflowers.
Butthosewhichperfumetheairmostdelightfully，notpassedbyastherest，butbeingtroddenuponandcrushed，arethree;thatis，burnet，wild—
thyme，andwatermints.Thereforeyouaretosetwholealleysofthem，tohavethepleasurewhenyouwalkortread.
Forgardens（speakingofthosewhichareindeedprincelike，aswehavedoneofbuildings），thecon—
tentsoughtnotwelltobeunderthirtyacresofground;andtobedividedintothreeparts;agreenintheentrance;aheathordesertinthegoingforth;andthemaingardeninthemidst;besidesalleysonbothsides.AndIlikewellthatfouracresofgroundbeassignedtothegreen;sixtotheheath;fourandfourtoeitherside;andtwelvetothemaingarden.Thegreenhathtwopleasures：
theone，becausenothingismorepleasanttotheeyethangreengrasskeptfinelyshorn;theother，becauseitwillgiveyouafairalleyinthemidst，bywhichyoumaygoinfrontuponastatelyhedge，whichistoenclosethegarden.Butbecausethealleywillbelong，and，ingreatheatoftheyearorday，yououghtnottobuytheshadeinthegarden，bygoinginthesunthroughthegreen，thereforeyouare，ofeithersidethegreen，toplantacovertalleyuponcarpenter’swork，abouttwelvefootinheight，bywhichyoumaygoinshadeintothegarden.Asforthemakingofknotsorfigures，withdiverscoloredearths，thattheymaylieunderthewindowsofthehouseonthatsidewhichthegar—
denstands，theybebuttoys;youmayseeasgoodsights，manytimes，intarts.Thegardenisbesttobesquare，encompassedonallthefoursideswithastatelyarchedhedge.Thearchestobeuponpil—
larsofcarpenter’swork，ofsometenfoothigh，andsixfootbroad;andthespacesbetweenofthesamedimensionwiththebreadthofthearch.Overthearcheslettherebeanentirehedgeofsomefourfoothigh，framedalsouponcarpenter’swork;andupontheupperhedge，overeveryarch，alittletur—
ret，withabelly，enoughtoreceiveacageofbirds：
andovereveryspacebetweenthearchessomeotherlittlefigure，withbroadplatesofroundcol—
oredglassgilt，forthesuntoplayupon.ButthishedgeIintendtoberaiseduponabank，notsteep，butgentlyslope，ofsomesixfoot，setallwithflowers.AlsoIunderstand，thatthissquareofthegarden，shouldnotbethewholebreadthoftheground，buttoleaveoneitherside，groundenoughfordiversityofsidealleys;untowhichthetwocovertalleysofthegreen，maydeliveryou.Buttheremustbenoalleyswithhedges，ateitherendofthisgreatenclosure;notatthehitherend，forlettingyourprospectuponthisfairhedgefromthegreen;noratthefurtherend，forlettingyourprospectfromthehedge，throughthearchesupontheheath.
Fortheorderingoftheground，withinthegreathedge，Ileaveittovarietyofdevice;advisingnevertheless，thatwhatsoeverformyoucastitinto，first，itbenottoobusy，orfullofwork.WhereinI，formypart，donotlikeimagescutoutinjuniperorothergardenstuff;theybeforchildren.Littlelowhedges，round，likewelts，withsomeprettypyramids，Ilikewell;andinsomeplaces，faircolumnsuponframesofcarpenter’swork.Iwouldalsohavethealleys，spaciousandfair.Youmayhavecloseralleys，uponthesidegrounds，butnoneinthemaingarden.Iwishalso，intheverymiddle，afairmount，withthreeascents，andalleys，enoughforfourtowalkabreast;whichIwouldhavetobeperfectcircles，withoutanybulwarksorembossments;andthewholemounttobethirtyfoothigh;andsomefinebanqueting—house，withsomechimneysneatlycast，andwithouttoomuchglass.
Forfountains，theyareagreatbeautyandre—
freshment;butpoolsmarall，andmakethegardenunwholesome，andfulloffliesandfrogs.Foun—
tainsIintendtobeoftwonatures：theonethatsprinklethorspoutethwater;theotherafairre—
ceiptofwater，ofsomethirtyorfortyfootsquare，butwithoutfish，orslime，ormud.Forthefirst，theornamentsofimagesgilt，orofmarble，whichareinuse，dowell：butthemainmatterissotoconveythewater，asitneverstay，eitherinthebowlsorinthecistern;thatthewaterbeneverbyrestdiscolored，greenorredorthelike;orgatheranymossinessorputrefaction.Besidesthat，itistobecleansedeverydaybythehand.Alsosomestepsuptoit，andsomefinepavementaboutit，dothwell.Asfortheotherkindoffountain，whichwemaycallabathingpool，itmayadmitmuchcuriosityandbeauty;wherewithwewillnottroubleourselves：as，thatthebottombefinelypaved，andwithimages;thesideslikewise;andwithalembellishedwithcoloredglass，andsuchthingsoflustre;encompassedalsowithfinerailsoflowstatuas.Butthemainpointisthesamewhichwementionedintheformerkindoffoun—
tain;whichis，thatthewaterbeinperpetualmotion，fedbyawaterhigherthanthepool，anddeliveredintoitbyfairspouts，andthendis—
chargedawayunderground，bysomeequalityofbores，thatitstaylittle.Andforfinedevices，ofarchingwaterwithoutspilling，andmakingitriseinseveralforms（offeathers，drinkingglasses，canopies，andthelike），theybeprettythingstolookon，butnothingtohealthandsweetness.
Fortheheath，whichwasthethirdpartofourplot，Iwishittobeframed，asmuchasmaybe，toanaturalwildness.TreesIwouldhavenoneinit，butsomethicketsmadeonlyofsweet—briarandhoneysuckle，andsomewildvineamongst;andthegroundsetwithviolets，strawberries，andprimroses.Forthesearesweet，andprosperintheshade.Andthesetobeintheheath，hereandthere，notinanyorder.Ilikealsolittleheaps，inthena—
tureofmole—hills（suchasareinwildheaths），tobeset，somewithwildthyme;somewithpinks;
somewithgermander，thatgivesagoodflowertotheeye;somewithperiwinkle;somewithviolets;
somewithstrawberries;somewithcowslips;somewithdaisies;somewithredroses;somewithliliumconvallium;somewithsweet—williamsred;somewithbear’s—foot：andthelikelowflowers，beingwithalsweetandsightly.Partofwhichheaps，aretobewithstandardsoflittlebushesprickedupontheirtop，andpartwithout.Thestandardstoberoses;juniper;holly;berberries（buthereandthere，becauseofthesmelloftheirblossoms）;redcurrants;gooseberries;rosemary;bays;sweet—
briar;andsuchlike.Butthesestandardstobekeptwithcutting，thattheygrownotoutofcourse.
Forthesidegrounds，youaretofillthemwithvarietyofalleys，private，togiveafullshade，someofthem，wheresoeverthesunbe.Youaretoframesomeofthem，likewise，forshelter，thatwhenthewindblowssharpyoumaywalkasinagallery.
Andthosealleysmustbelikewisehedgedatbothends，tokeepoutthewind;andthesecloseralleysmustbeeverfinelygravelled，andnograss，be—
causeofgoingwet.Inmanyofthesealleys，like—
wise，youaretosetfruit—treesofallsorts;aswelluponthewalls，asinranges.Andthiswouldbegenerallyobserved，thattheborderswhereinyouplantyourfruit—trees，befairandlarge，andlow，andnotsteep;andsetwithfineflowers，butthinandsparingly，lesttheydeceivethetrees.Attheendofboththesidegrounds，Iwouldhaveamountofsomeprettyheight，leavingthewalloftheen—
closurebreasthigh，tolookabroadintothefields.
Forthemaingarden，Idonotdeny，butthereshouldbesomefairalleysrangedonbothsides，withfruit—trees;andsomeprettytuftsoffruit—
trees，andarborswithseats，setinsomedecentorder;butthesetobebynomeanssettoothick;buttoleavethemaingardensoasitbenotclose，buttheairopenandfree.Forasforshade，Iwouldhaveyourestuponthealleysofthesidegrounds，theretowalk，ifyoubedisposed，intheheatoftheyearorday;buttomakeaccount，thatthemaingardenisforthemoretemperatepartsoftheyear;
andintheheatofsummer，forthemorningandtheevening，orovercastdays.
Foraviaries，Ilikethemnot，excepttheybeofthatlargenessastheymaybeturfed，andhavelivingplantsandbushessetinthem;thatthebirdsmayhavemorescope，andnaturalnesting，andthatnofoulnessappearintheflooroftheaviary.
SoIhavemadeaplatformofaprincelygarden，partlybyprecept，partlybydrawing，notamodel，butsomegenerallinesofit;andinthisIhavesparedfornocost.Butitisnothingforgreatprinces，thatforthemostparttakingadvicewithworkmen，withnolesscostsettheirthingsto—
gether;andsometimesaddstatuasandsuchthingsforstateandmagnificence，butnothingtothetruepleasureofagarden.
OfNegotiatingOfNegotiatingITISgenerallybettertodealbyspeechthanbyletter;andbythemediationofathirdthanbyaman’sself.Lettersaregood，whenamanwoulddrawananswerbyletterbackagain;orwhenitmayserveforaman’sjustificationafterwardstoproducehisownletter;orwhereitmaybedangertobeinterrupted，orheardbypieces.Todealinpersonisgood，whenaman’sfacebreedethregard，ascommonlywithinferiors;orintendercases，whereaman’seye，uponthecountenanceofhimwithwhomhespeaketh，maygivehimadirectionhowfartogo;andgenerally，whereamanwillreservetohimselfliberty，eithertodisavowortoexpound.Inchoiceofinstruments，itisbettertochoosemenofaplainersort，thatareliketodothat，thatiscommittedtothem，andtoreportbackagainfaithfullythesuccess，thanthosethatarecunning，tocontrive，outofothermen’sbusiness，somewhattogracethemselves，andwillhelpthematterinreportforsatisfaction’ssake.Usealsosuchpersonsasaffectthebusiness，whereintheyareemployed;forthatquickenethmuch;andsuch，asarefitforthematter;asboldmenforex—
postulation，fair—spokenmenforpersuasion，craftymenforinquiryandobservation，froward，andabsurdmen，forbusinessthatdothnotwellbearoutitself.Usealsosuchashavebeenlucky，andprevailedbefore，inthingswhereinyouhaveem—
ployedthem;forthatbreedsconfidence，andtheywillstrivetomaintaintheirprescription.Itisbet—
tertosoundaperson，withwhomonedealsafaroff，thantofalluponthepointatfirst;exceptyoumeantosurprisehimbysomeshortquestion.Itisbetterdealingwithmeninappetite，thanwiththosethatarewheretheywouldbe.Ifamandealwithanotheruponconditions，thestartorfirstper—
formanceisall;whichamancannotreasonablydemand，excepteitherthenatureofthethingbesuch，whichmustgobefore;orelseamancanpersuadetheotherparty，thatheshallstillneedhiminsomeotherthing;orelsethathebecountedthehonesterman.Allpracticeistodiscover，ortowork.Mendiscoverthemselvesintrust，inpassion，atunawares，andofnecessity，whentheywouldhavesomewhatdone，andcannotfindanaptpre—
text.Ifyouwouldworkanyman，youmusteitherknowhisnatureandfashions，andsoleadhim;orhisends，andsopersuadehim;orhisweaknessanddisadvantages，andsoawehim;orthosethathaveinterestinhim，andsogovernhim.Indealingwithcunningpersons，wemusteverconsidertheirends，tointerprettheirspeeches;anditisgoodtosaylittletothem，andthatwhichtheyleastlookfor.
Inallnegotiationsofdifficulty，amanmaynotlooktosowandreapatonce;butmustpreparebusiness，andsoripenitbydegrees.
0fFollowersANDFRIENDS
0fFollowersANDFRIENDS
COSTLYfollowersarenottobeliked;lestwhileamanmakethhistrainlonger，hemakehiswingsshorter.Ireckontobecostly，notthemalonewhichchargethepurse，butwhicharewearisome，andimportuneinsuits.Ordinaryfol—
lowersoughttochallengenohigherconditions，thancountenance，recommendation，andprotec—
tionfromwrongs.Factiousfollowersareworsetobeliked，whichfollownotuponaffectiontohim，withwhomtheyrangethemselves，butupondiscontentmentconceivedagainstsomeother;
whereuponcommonlyensueththatillintelli—
gence，thatwemanytimesseebetweengreatper—
sonages.Likewisegloriousfollowers，whomakethemselvesastrumpetsofthecommendationofthosetheyfollow，arefullofinconvenience;fortheytaintbusinessthroughwantofsecrecy;andtheyexporthonorfromaman，andmakehimareturninenvy.Thereisakindoffollowerslike—
wise，whicharedangerous，beingindeedespials;
whichinquirethesecretsofthehouse，andbeartalesofthem，toothers.Yetsuchmen，manytimes，areingreatfavor;fortheyareofficious，andcom—
monlyexchangetales.Thefollowingbycertainestatesofmen，answerabletothat，whichagreatpersonhimselfprofesseth（asofsoldiers，tohimthathathbeenemployedinthewars，andthelike），hatheverbeenathingcivil，andwelltaken，eveninmonarchies;soitbewithouttoomuchpomporpopularity.Butthemosthonorablekindoffol—
lowing，istobefollowedasone，thatapprehendethtoadvancevirtue，anddesert，inallsortsofper—
sons.Andyet，wherethereisnoeminentoddsinsufficiency，itisbettertotakewiththemorepass—
able，thanwiththemoreable.Andbesides，tospeaktruth，inbasetimes，activemenareofmoreusethanvirtuous.Itistruethatingovernment，itisgoodtousemenofonerankequally：fortocoun—