thattherewasalittleofittobefoundatTete
wholeforestsofitatSennaandnearthedeltaofKilimane。
Itseemsquiteaprovidentialarrangementthattheremedyforfevershouldbefoundinthegreatestabundancewhereitismostneeded。
Onseeingtheleaves，Istatedthatitwasnotthe`Cinchonalongifolia’
fromwhichitissupposedthequinineofcommerceisextracted，butthenameandpropertiesofthisbarkmademeimaginethatitwasacinchonaceoustreeIcouldnotgettheflower，butwhenIwenttoSennaItriedtobringawayafewsmalllivingtreeswithearthinaboxThey，however，alldiedwhenwecametoKilimane。
Failinginthismodeoftestingthepoint，Isubmittedafewleavesandseed-vesselstomyfriend，DrHooker，whokindlyinformsmethattheybelong“apparentlytoanapocyneousplant，verynearlyalliedtotheMalouetiaHeudlotiiofDecaisne，anativeofSenegambia。”DrHadds，“Variousplantsofthisnaturalorderarereputedpowerfulfebrifuges，andsomeofthemaresaidtoequalthecinchonaintheireffects。”ItiscalledinthenativetongueKumbanzo。
TheflowersarereportedtobewhiteThepodsareinpairs，afootorfifteeninchesinlength，andcontainagrooveontheirinnersides。
Thethicksoftbarkoftherootisthepartusedbythenatives；
thePortugueseusethatofthetreeitselfIimmediatelybegantouseadecoctionofthebarkoftheroot，andmymenfounditsoefficaciousthattheycollectedsmallquantitiesofitforthemselves，andkeptitinlittlebagsforfutureuseSomeofthemsaidthattheyknewitintheirowncountry，butIneverhappenedtoobserveit。
Thedecoctionisgivenafterthefirstparoxysmofthecomplaintisover。
ThePortuguesebelieveittohavethesameeffectsasthequinine，anditmayproveasubstituteforthatinvaluablemedicine。
Therearenumbersofothermedicinesinuseamongthenatives，butIhavealwaysbeenobligedtoregretwantoftimetoascertainwhichwereusefulandwhichofnovalueWefindamedicineinusebyatribeinonepartofthecountry，andthesameplantemployedbyatribeathousandmilesdistantThissurelymustarisefromsomeinherentvirtueintheplantTheBoersunderPotgeitervisitedDelgoaBayforthefirsttimeabouttenyearsago，inordertosecureaportontheeastcoastfortheirrepublic。
TheyhadcomefromapartoftheinteriorwherethediseasecalledcroupoccasionallyprevailsTherewasnoappearanceofthediseaseamongthemattheperiodoftheirvisit，butthePortugueseinhabitantsofthatbayfoundthattheyhadleftitamongthem，andseveraladultswerecutoffbyaformofthecomplaintcalled`Laryngismusstridulus’，thediseaseofwhichthegreatWashingtondiedSimilarcaseshaveoccurredintheSouthSeaIslandsShipshaveleftdiseasesfromwhichnooneonboardwassufferingatthetimeoftheirvisit。
Manyoftheinhabitantsherewerecutdown，usuallyinthreedaysfromtheirfirstattack，untilanativedoctoradoptedtheplanofscratchingtherootofthetonguefreelywithacertainroot，andgivingapieceofittobechewedThecuremayhavebeeneffectedbythescarificationonly，butthePortuguesehavethestrongestfaithinthevirtuesoftheroot，andalwayskeepsomeofitwithinreach。
Therearealsootherplantswhichthenativesuseinthetreatmentoffever，andsomeofthemproduce`diaphoresis’inashortspaceoftime。
Itiscertainthatwehavegottheknowledgeofthemostpotentfebrifugeinourpharmacopoeiafromthenativesofanothercountry。
WehavenocureforcholeraandsomeotherdiseasesItmightbeworththeinvestigationofthosewhovisitAfricatotryandfindotherremediesinasomewhatsimilarwaytothatinwhichwefoundthequinine。*
*Iaddthenativenamesofafewoftheirremediesinordertoassisttheinquirer：Mupandapanda：thisisusedinfeverforproducingperspiration；theleavesarenamedChirussa；
therootsdyered，andareveryastringentGohoorGo-o：
thisistheordealmedicine；itisbothpurgativeandemetic。
MutuvaorMutumbue：thisplantcontainssomuchoilthatitservesaslightsinLonda；itisanemollientdrinkforthecureofcoughs，andthepoundedleavesanswerassoaptowashtheheadNyamucuucuhasacurioussofteningeffectonolddrygrainMussakasiisbelievedtoremovetheeffectsoftheGo-o。
MudamaisastringentvermifugeMapubuzadyesaredcolor。
MusikiziyieldsanoilShinkondo：avirulentpoison；
theMaraviuseitintheirordeal，anditisveryfatal。
Kanunkautareissaidtoexpelserpentsandratsbyitspungentsmell，whichisnotatalldisagreeabletoman；thisisprobablyakindof`Zanthoxylon’，perhapstheZmelancanthaofWesternAfrica，asitisusedtoexpelratsandserpentsthereMussonzoadyesclothblack。
Mussio：thebeansofthisalsodyeblackKangome，withflowersandfruitlikeMochacoffee；theleavesaremuchlikethoseofthesloe，andtheseedsareusedascoffeeoreatenasbeans。
Kanembe-embe：thepoundedleavesusedasanextemporaneousglueformendingbrokenvesselsKatunguruisusedforkillingfish。
MutaveaNyerere：anactivecausticMudiacoro：alsoanexternalcaustic，andusedinternallyKapande：anotherordealplant，butusedtoproduce`diaphoresis’Karumgasura：alsodiaphoretic。
Munyaziyieldsanoil，andisoneoftheingredientsforcuringthewoundsofpoisonedarrowsUombue：alargerootemployedinkillingfishKakumate：usedinintermittentsMusheteko：
appliedtoulcers，andtheinfusionalsointernallyinamenorrhoea。
Inyakanyanya：thisisseeninsmall，dark-colored，crookedrootsofpleasantaromaticsmellandslightlybittertaste，andishighlyextolledinthetreatmentoffever；itisfoundinManica。
Eskinencia：usedincroupandsore-throatItacaorItaka：
fordiaphoresisinfever；thisrootisbroughtasanarticleofbarterbytheArabstoKilimane；thenativespurchaseiteagerly。
Mukundukundu：adecoctionusedasafebrifugeinthesamewayasquinine；
itgrowsplentifullyatShupanga，andthewoodisusedasmastsforlaunchesImayhereaddtherecipeofBrotherPedroofZumboforthecureofpoisonedwounds，inordertoshowthesimilarityofpracticeamongthenativesoftheZambesi，fromwhom，inallprobability，heacquiredhisknowledge，andtheBushmenoftheKalahari。
ItconsistsofequalpartsoftherootsoftheCalumba，Musheteko，Abutua，Batatinya，Paregekanto，Itaka，orKapande，putintoabottleandcoveredwithcommoncastor-oilAsIhavebeforeobserved，Ibelievetheoilyingredientistheeffectualone，andoughttobetriedbyanyonewhohasthemisfortunetogetwoundedbyaBushman’sorBanyaiarrow。
Theonlyothermetal，besidesgold，wehaveinabundanceinthisregion，isiron，andthatisofexcellentqualityInsomeplacesitisobtainedfromwhatiscalledthespecularironore，andalsofromblackoxide。
Thelatterhasbeenwellroastedintheoperationsofnature，andcontainsalargeproportionofthemetalItoccursgenerallyintearsorroundedlumps，andisbutslightlymagnetic。
Whenfoundinthebedsofrivers，thenativesknowofitsexistencebythequantityofoxideonthesurface，andtheyfindnodifficultyindiggingitwithpointedsticksTheyconsiderEnglishironas“rotten“；
andIhaveseen，whenajavelinoftheirownironlightedonthecraniumofahippopotamus，itcurledupliketheproboscisofabutterfly，andtheownerwouldprepareitforfutureusebystraighteningitCOLD
withtwostonesIbroughthomesomeofthehoeswhichSekeletugavemetopurchaseacanoe，alsosomeothersobtainedinKilimane，andtheyhavebeenfoundofsuchgoodqualitythatafriendofmineinBirminghamhasmadeanEnfieldrifleofthem。*
*Thefollowingremarksarebyapracticalblacksmith，oneofthemostexperiencedmeninthegun-tradeInthistradevariousqualitiesofironareused，andcloseattentionisrequiredtosecureforeachpurposethequalityofironpeculiarlyadaptedtoit：
TheironinthetwospadesstronglyresemblesSwedishorRussian；
itishighlycarbonized。
Thesamequalitiesarefoundinbothspades。
Whenchilledinwaterithasallthepropertiesofsteel：
seethepiecemarkedI，chilledatoneend，andleftsoftattheother。
Whenworkedhot，itisverymalleable：butcold，itbreaksquiteshortandbrittle。
Thegreatirregularityfoundintheworkingoftheironaffordsevidencethatithasbeenpreparedbyinexperiencedhands。
Thisisshowninthebendingofthesmallspade；thethickportionretainsitscrystallizednature，whilethethinparthasbeenchangedbythehammeringithasundergone。
Thelargespadeshowsaverybrittlefracture。
Theironistoobrittleforgun-work；itwouldbeliabletobreak。
Thisiron，ifREPEATEDLYheatedandhammered，wouldbecomedecarbonized，andwouldthenpossessthequalitiesfoundinthespear-head，which，afterbeingcurledupbybeingstruckagainstahardsubstance，wasrestored，byhammering，toitsoriginalformwithoutinjury。
ThepieceofironmarkedIIisapieceofgun-ironoffibrousquality，suchaswillbendwithoutbreaking。
ThepiecemarkedIIIisofcrystallinequality；ithasbeensubmittedtoaprocesswhichhaschangedittoIIII；IIIandIIIIarecutfromthesamebarThespade-ironhasbeensubmittedtothesameprocess，butnocorrespondingeffectcanbeproduced。
Theironoreexistsingreatabundance，butIdidnotfindanylimestoneinitsimmediatevicinitySofarasIcouldlearn，thereisneithercoppernorsilverMalachiteisworkedbythepeopleofCazembe，but，asIdidnotseeit，noranyothermetal，Icansaynothingaboutit。
Afewpreciousstonesaremetwith，andsomepartsarequitecoveredwithagatesThemineralogyofthedistrict，however，hasnotbeenexploredbyanyonecompetenttothetask。
Whenmyfriendthecommandantwasfairlyrecovered，andImyselffeltstrongagain，IpreparedtodescendtheZambesiAnumberofmymenwereoutelephant-hunting，andothershadestablishedabrisktradeinfirewood，astheircountrymendidatLoandaIchosesixteenofthosewhocouldmanagecanoestoconveymedowntheriverManymorewouldhavecome，butwewereinformedthattherehadbeenafailureofthecropsatKilimanefromtherainsnotcomingatthepropertime，andthousandshaddiedofhunger。
IdidnothearofasingleefforthavingbeenmadetorelievethefamishingbysendingthemfooddowntheriverThosewhoperishedweremostlyslaves，andothersseemedtothinkthattheirmastersoughttopayfortheirrelief。
Thesuffererswerechieflyamongthosenativeswhoinhabitthedelta，andwhoaresubjecttothePortugueseTheyareinastateofslavery，butarekeptonfarmsandmildlytreatedManyyieldacertainrentalofgrainonlytotheirowners，andareotherwisefree。
EightthousandaresaidtohaveperishedMajorSicardlentmeaboatwhichhadbeenbuiltontheriver，andsentalsoLieutenantMirandatoconductmetothecoast。
APortugueseladywhohadcomewithherbrotherfromLisbon，havingbeensufferingforsomedaysfromasevereattackoffever，diedaboutthreeo’clockinthemorningofthe20thofApril。
Theheatofthebodyhavingcontinuedunabatedtillsixo’clock，Iwascalledin，andfoundherbosomquiteaswarmasIeverdidinalivingcaseoffeverThiscontinuedforthreehoursmore。
AsIhadneverseenacaseinwhichfever-heatcontinuedsolongafterdeath，Idelayedthefuneraluntilunmistakablesymptomsofdissolutionoccurred。
Shewasawidow，onlytwenty-twoyearsofage，andhadbeentenyearsinAfricaIattendedthefuneralintheevening，andwasstruckbythecustomofthecountryAnumberofslavesprecededus，andfiredoffmanyroundsofgunpowderinfrontofthebody。