ThesedetailsaregivenbecausethegeneralrulehasbeenobservedthattwicethecircumferenceoftheimpressionmadebytheforefootonthegroundistheheightoftheanimalTheprintontheground，beingalittlelargerthanthefootitself，wouldthusseemtobeanaccuratemodeofmeasuringthesizeofanyelephantthathaspassed；
buttheabovemeasurementsshowthatitisapplicableonlytofull-grownanimalsThegreatersizeoftheAfricanelephantinthesouthwouldatoncedistinguishitfromtheIndianone；butheretheyapproachmorenearlytoeachotherinbulk，afemalebeingaboutaslargeasacommonIndianmaleButtheearoftheAfricanisanexternalmarkwhichnoonewillmistakeeveninapictureThatofthefemalenowkilledwas4feet5inchesindepth，and4feetinhorizontalbreadth。
Ihaveseenanativecreepunderonesoastobequitecoveredfromtherain。
TheearoftheIndianvarietyisnotmorethanathirdofthissize。
Therepresentationofelephantsonancientcoinsshowsthatthisimportantcharacteristicwasdistinctlyrecognizedofold。
Indeed，CuvierremarkedthatitwasbetterknownbyAristotlethanbyBuffon。
HavingbeenanxioustolearnwhethertheAfricanelephantiscapableofbeingtamed，throughthekindnessofmyfriendAdmiralSmytheIamenabledtogivethereaderconclusiveevidenceonthispoint。
Inthetwomedalsfurnishedfromhiswork，“AdescriptiveCatalogueofhisCabinetofRomanandImperiallargebrassMedals“，thesizeoftheearswillbeatoncenotedasthoseofthetrueAfricanelephant。*
TheywereevenmoredocilethantheAsiatic，andweretaughtvariousfeats，aswalkingonropes，dancing，etcOneofthecoinsisofFaustinasenior，theotherofSeverustheSeventh，andstruckA。D197TheseelephantswerebroughtfromAfricatoRomeTheattempttotamethismostusefulanimalhasneverbeenmadeattheCape，norhasoneeverbeenexhibitedinEngland。
ThereisonlyoneveryyoungcalfofthespeciesintheBritishMuseum。
*UnfortunatelytheseillustrationscannotbepresentedinthisASCIItext。
AL。，1997。
Theabundanceoffoodinthiscountry，ascomparedwiththesouth，wouldleadonetosupposethatanimalsheremustattainamuchgreatersize；
butactualmeasurementnowconfirmstheimpressionmadeonmymindbythemeresightoftheanimals，thatthoseinthedistrictsnorthof20Deg。
weresmallerthanthesameracesexistingsouthwardofthatlatitude。
ThefirsttimethatMrOswellandmyselfsawfull-grownmaleelephantsontheRiverZouga，theyseemednolargerthanthefemaleswhicharealwayssmallerthanmaleswehadmetontheLimpopoTheretheyattainaheightofupwardof12feetAttheZougatheheightofoneImeasuredwas11feet4inches，andinthisdistrict9feet10inchesThereis，however，anincreaseinthesizeofthetusksasweapproachtheequator。
Unfortunately，Inevermademeasurementsofotheranimalsinthesouth；
buttheappearanceoftheanimalsthemselvesinthenorthatonceproducedtheimpressiononmymindreferredtoastotheirdecreaseinsize。
Whenwefirstsawkoodoos，theyweresomuchsmallerthanthosewehadbeenaccustomedtointhesouththatwedoubtedwhethertheywerenotanewkindofantelope；andtheleche，seennowheresouthof20Deg。，issucceededbythepokuaswegonorthThisis，infact，onlyasmallerspeciesofthatantelope，withamorereddishcolor。
Agreatdifferenceinsizeprevailsalsoamongdomesticanimals；
buttheinfluenceoflocalityonthemisnotsowellmarked。
ThecattleoftheBatoka，forinstance，areexceedinglysmallandverybeautiful，possessinggenerallygreatbreadthbetweentheeyesandaveryplayfuldispositionTheyaremuchsmallerthantheaboriginalcattleinthesouth；butitmustbeaddedthatthoseoftheBarotsevalley，inthesamelatitudesastheBatoka，arelargeThebreedmayhavecomefromthewest，asthecattlewithintheinfluenceoftheseaair，asatLittleFishBay，Benguela，Ambriz，andalongthatcoast，areverylargeThosefoundatLakeNgami，withlargehornsandstandingsixfeethigh，probablycomefromthesamequarterThegoatsarealsosmall，anddomesticfowlsthroughoutthiscountryareofaverysmallsize，andevendogs，exceptwheretheinhabitantshavehadanopportunityofimprovingthebreedbyimportationfromthePortugueseAstheBarotsecattleareanexceptiontothisgeneralrule，soaretheBarotsedogs，fortheyarelarge，savage-lookinganimals，thoughinrealityverycowardly。
Itisalittleremarkablethatadecreaseinsizeshouldoccurwherefoodisthemostabundant；buttropicalclimatesseemunfavorableforthefulldevelopmentofeitheranimalsormanItisnotfromwantofcareinthebreeding，forthenativesalwayschoosethelargerandstrongermalesforstock，andthesamearrangementprevailsinnature，foritisonlybyovercomingtheirweakerrivalsthatthewildmalesobtainpossessionoftheherdInvariablytheyshowthescarsreceivedinbattleTheelephantwekilledyesterdayhadanumbilicalherniaaslargeasachild’shead，probablycausedbythechargeofarival。
Thecowshowedscarsreceivedfrommen；twoofthewoundsinhersidewerestillunhealed，andtherewasanorificesixincheslong，andopen，inherproboscis，and，asitwasaboutafootfromthepoint，itmusthaveinterferedwithherpowerofliftingwater。
Inestimatingtheamountoffoodnecessaryfortheseandotherlargeanimals，sufficientattentionhasnotbeenpaidtothekindschosenTheelephant，forinstance，isamostdaintyfeeder，andparticularlyfondofcertainsweet-tastedtreesandfruitsHechoosesthemohonono，themimosa，andothertreeswhichcontainmuchsaccharinematter，mucilage，andgum。
Hemaybeseenputtinghisheadtoaloftypalmyra，andswayingittoandfrotoshakeofftheseeds；hethenpicksthemupsinglyandeatsthem。
Orhemaybeseenstandingbythemasukaandotherfruit-treespatientlypickingoffthesweetfruitsonebyoneHealsodigsupbulbsandtubers，butnoneofthesearethoroughlydigested。
Bruceremarkedupontheundigestedbitsofwoodseenintheirdroppings，andhemusthaveobserved，too，thatneitherleavesnorseedsarechangedbypassingthroughthealimentarycanalThewoodyfibreofrootsandbranchesisdroppedinthestateoftow，thenutritiousmatteralonehavingbeenextractedThiscapabilityofremovingallthenourishment，andtheselectionofthosekindsoffoodwhichcontaingreatquantitiesofmucilageandgum，accountsforthefactthatherdsofelephantsproducebutsmalleffectuponthevegetationofacountry
qualitybeingmorerequisitethanquantityTheamountofinternalfatfoundinthemmakesthemmuchprizedbytheinhabitants，whoareallveryfondofit，bothforfoodandointment。
Afterleavingtheelephantvalleywepassedthroughaverybeautifulcountry，butthinlyinhabitedbymanTheunderlyingrockistrap，anddikesoftalcosegneissThetrapisoftenseentiltedonitsedge，ordippingalittleeithertothenorthorsouthThestrikeisgenerallytothenortheast，thedirectionwearegoingAboutLositowefoundthetraphadgivenplacetohornblendeschist，micaschist，andvariousschorlyrocksWehadnowcomeintotheregioninwhichtheappearanceoftherocksconveystheimpressionofagreatforcehavingactedalongthebedoftheZambesiIndeed，Iwasledtothebelieffromseeingthemannerinwhichtherockshavebeenthrustawayonbothsidesfromitsbed，thatthepowerwhichformedthecrackofthefallshadgivendirectiontotheriverbelow，andopenedabedforitallthewayfromthefallstobeyondthegorgeofLupata。
PassingtherivuletLosito，andthroughtherangesofhills，wereachedtheresidenceofSemalembueonthe18thHisvillageissituatedatthebottomofrangesthroughwhichtheKafuefindsapassage，andclosetothebankofthatriverTheKafue，sometimescalledKahowheorBashukulompoRiver，isupwardoftwohundredyardswidehere，andfullofhippopotami，theyoungofwhichmaybeseenperchedonthenecksoftheirdamsAtthispointwehadreachedaboutthesamelevelasLinyanti。
Semalembuepaidusavisitsoonafterourarrival，andsaidthathehadoftenheardofme，andnowthathehadthepleasureofseeingme，hefearedthatIshouldsleepthefirstnightathisvillagehungry。
Thiswasconsideredthehandsomewayofintroducingapresent，forhethenhandedfiveorsixbasketsofmealandmaize，andanenormousoneofground-nutsNextmorninghegavemeabouttwentybasketsmoreofmealIcouldmakebutapoorreturnforhiskindness，butheacceptedmyapologiespolitely，sayingthatheknewtherewerenogoodsinthecountryfromwhichIhadcome，and，inprofessinggreatjoyatthewordsofpeaceIspoke，hesaid，“NowIshallcultivatelargely，inthehopeofeatingandsleepinginpeace。”
ItisnoticeablethatallwhomwehaveyetmeteagerlycaughtuptheideaoflivinginpeaceastheprobableeffectoftheGospel。
TheyrequirenoexplanationoftheexistenceoftheDeity。
Sekwebumakesuseoftheterm“Reza“，andtheyappeartounderstandatonce。
Likenegroesingeneral，theyhaveastrongtendencytoworship，andIheardthatSemalembuegetsagooddealofivoryfromthesurroundingtribesonpretenseofhavingsomesupernaturalpowerHetransmitsthistosomeotherchiefsontheZambesi，andreceivesinreturnEnglishcottongoodswhichcomefromMozambiquebyBabisatraders。
Mymenherebegantoselltheirbeadsandotherornamentsforcottoncloth。
Semalembuewasaccompaniedbyaboutfortypeople，alllargemen。
Theyhavemuchwoolontheirheads，whichissometimesdrawnalltogetheruptothecrown，andtiedthereinalargetaperingbunch。
Theforeheadandroundbytheearsisshavenclosetothebaseofthistuft。
Othersdrawoutthehairononeside，andtwistitintolittlestrings。
Therestistakenover，andhangsabovetheear，whichgivestheappearanceofhavingacapcockedjauntilyonthesideofthehead。
ThemodeofsalutationisbyclappingthehandsVariouspartiesofwomencamefromthesurroundingvillagestoseethewhiteman，butallseemedverymuchafraidTheirfear，whichIseldomcouldallay，madethem，whenaddressed，claptheirhandswithincreasingvigor。
SekwebuwastheonlyoneoftheMakololowhoknewthispartofthecountry；
andthiswastheregionwhichtohismindwasbestadaptedfortheresidenceofatribeThenativesgenerallyhaveagoodideaofthenatureofthesoilandpasturage，andSekwebuexpatiatedwithgreateloquenceonthecapabilitiesofthispartforsupplyingthewantsoftheMakololoThereiscertainlyabundanceofroomatpresentinthecountryforthousandsandthousandsmoreofpopulation。
WepassedneartheLosito，aformerencampmentoftheMatebele，withwhomSekwebuhadlivedAtthesightofthebonesoftheoxentheyhaddevoured，andthespotwheresavagedanceshadtakenplace，thoughalldesertednow，thepoorfellowburstoutintoawildMatebelesong。
Hepointedoutalsoadistrict，abouttwodaysandahalfwestofSemalembue，whereSebituanehadformerlydweltThereisahotfountainonthehillstherenamed“Nakalombo“，whichmaybeseenatadistanceemittingsteam“There。”saidSekwebu，“hadyourMolekaneSebituane
beenalive，hewouldhavebroughtyoutolivewithhimYouwouldbeonthebankoftheriver，and，bytakingcanoes，youwouldatoncesaildowntotheZambesi，andvisitthewhitepeopleatthesea。”
ThispartisafavoriteonewiththeMakololo，andprobablyitwouldbeagoodoneinwhichtoformacentreofcivilizationThereisalarge，flatdistrictofcountrytothenorth，saidtobepeopledbytheBashukulompoandothertribes，whocultivatethegroundtoagreatextent，andraisevastquantitiesofgrain，ground-nuts，sweetpotatoes，etc。
Theyalsogrowsugar-caneIftheywerecertainofamarket，Ibelievetheywouldnotbeunwillingtocultivatecottontoo，buttheyhavenotbeenaccustomedtothepeacefulpursuitsofcommerce。
Allarefondoftrade，buttheyhavebeentaughtnonesavethatinivoryandslaves。
TheKafueentersanarrowgorgeclosebythevillageofSemalembue；
asthehillonthenorthiscalledBolengwe，Iapplythatnametothegorgelat15d48’19“S。，long28d22’E。Semalembuesaidthatheoughttoseeusovertheriver，soheaccompaniedustoapassaboutamilesouthofhisvillage，andwhenweenteredamongthehillswefoundthefordoftheKafueOnpartingwithSemalembueIputonhimashirt，andhewentawaywithitapparentlymuchdelighted。
Thefordwasatleast250yardsbroad，butrockyandshallow。
Aftercrossingitinacanoe，wewentalongtheleftbank，andwerecompletelyshutinbyhighhillsEveryavailablespotbetweentheriverandthehillsisundercultivation；