ThefortofMassanganoissmall，butingoodrepair；itcontainssomeveryancientguns，whichwereloadedfromthebreech，andmusthavebeenformidableweaponsintheirtimeThenativesofthiscountryentertainaremarkabledreadofgreatguns，andthistendsmuchtothepermanenceofthePortugueseauthorityTheydreadacannongreatly，thoughthecarriagebesorottenthatitwouldfalltopiecesatthefirstshot；thefortofPungoAndongoiskeptsecurelybycannonperchedoncrosssticksalone！
MassanganowasaveryimportanttownatthetimetheDutchheldforciblepossessionofLoandaandpartofAngola；butwhen，intheyear1648，theDutchwereexpelledfromthiscountrybyasmallbodyofPortuguese，undertheGovernorSalvadorCorreadeSaBenevides，MassanganowaslefttosinkintoitspresentdecaySinceitwaspartiallyabandonedbythePortuguese，severalbaobab-treeshavesprungupandattainedadiameterofeighteenortwentyinches，andareabouttwentyfeethigh。
Nocertainconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheseinstances，asitisnotknownatwhattimeafter1648theybegantogrow；buttheirpresentsizeshowsthattheirgrowthisnotunusuallyslow。
Severalfiresoccurredduringourstay，bythethatchhaving，throughlongexposuretoatorridsun，becomeliketinder。
Theroofsbecameignitedwithoutanyvisiblecauseexcepttheintensesolarrays，andexcitedterrorinthemindsoftheinhabitants，astheslightestsparkcarriedbythewindwouldhavesetthewholetowninablazeThereisnotasingleinscriptiononstonevisibleinMassangano。
Ifdestroyedto-morrow，noonecouldtellwhereitandmostPortugueseinteriorvillagesstood，anymorethanwecandothoseoftheBalonda。
DuringtheoccupationofthistowntheCoanzawasusedforthepurposeofnavigation，buttheirvesselsweresofrequentlyplunderedbytheirDutchneighborsthat，whentheyregainedthegoodportofLoanda，theynolongermadeuseoftheriverWeremainedherefourdays，inhopesofobtaininganobservationforthelongitude，butatthisseasonoftheyeartheskyisalmostconstantlyovercastbyathickcanopyofcloudsofamilk-and-waterhue；thiscontinuesuntiltherainyseasonwhichwasnowcloseathandcommences。
ThelandsonthenorthsideoftheCoanzabelongtotheQuisamasKisamas，anindependenttribe，whichthePortuguesehavenotbeenabletosubdue。
ThefewwhocameundermyobservationpossessedmuchoftheBushmanorHottentotfeature，andweredressedinstripsofsoftbarkhangingfromthewaisttothekneeTheydeallargelyinsalt，whichtheircountryproducesingreatabundanceItisbroughtincrystalsofabout12incheslongand1-1/2indiameter。
ThisishawkedabouteverywhereinAngola，and，nexttocalico，isthemostcommonmediumofbarterTheKisamaarebrave；
andwhenthePortuguesearmyfollowedthemintotheirforests，theyreducedtheinvaderstoextremitybytappingallthereservoirsofwater，whichwerenootherthantheenormousbaobabsofthecountryhollowedintocisternsAstheKisamacountryisillsuppliedwithwaterotherwise，thePortugueseweresoonobligedtoretreatTheircountry，lyingneartoMassangano，islowandmarshy，butbecomesmoreelevatedinthedistance，andbeyondthemlietheloftydarkmountainrangesoftheLibollo，anotherpowerfulandindependentpeopleNearMassanganoIobservedwhatseemedtobeaneffortofnaturetofurnishavarietyofdomesticfowls，morecapablethanthecommonkindofbearingtheheatofthesun。
Thiswasahenandchickenswithalltheirfeatherscurledupward，thusgivingshadetothebodywithoutincreasingtheheat。
Theyareherenamed“Kisafu“bythenativepopulation，whopayahighpriceforthemwhentheywishtoofferthemasasacrifice，andbythePortuguesetheyaretermed“Arripiada“，orshivering。
ThereseemstobeatendencyinnaturetoaffordvarietiesadaptedtotheconvenienceofmanAkindofveryshort-leggedfowlamongtheBoerswasobtained，inconsequenceofobservingthatsuchweremoreeasilycaughtfortransportationintheirfrequentremovalsinsearchofpastureAsimilarinstanceofsecuringavarietyoccurredwiththeshort-limbedsheepinAmerica。
ReturningbyascendingtheLucallaintoCazengo，wehadanopportunityofvisitingseveralflourishingcoffeeplantations，andobservedthatseveralmen，whohadbegunwithnocapitalbuthonestindustry，had，inthecourseofafewyears，acquiredacomfortablesubsistenceOneofthese，MrPinto，generouslyfurnishedmewithagoodsupplyofhisexcellentcoffee，andmymenwithabreedofrabbitstocarrytotheirowncountry。
Theirlands，grantedbygovernment，yielded，withoutmuchlabor，coffeesufficientforallthenecessariesoflife。
Thefactofotheravenuesofwealthopeningupsoreadilyseemslikeaprovidentialinvitationtoforsaketheslave-tradeandengageinlawfulcommerceWesawthefemalepopulationoccupied，asusual，inthespinningofcottonandcultivationoftheirlands。
Theironlyinstrumentforcultureisadouble-handledhoe，whichisworkedwithasortofdraggingmotionManyofthemenwereemployedinweaving。
Thelatterappeartobelessindustriousthantheformer，fortheyrequireamonthtofinishasinglewebThereis，however，notmuchinducementtoindustry，for，notwithstandingthetimeconsumedinitsmanufacture，eachwebissoldforonlytwoshillings。
OnreturningtoGolungoAltoIfoundseveralofmymenlaidupwithfever。
OneofthereasonsformyleavingthemtherewasthattheymightrecoverfromthefatigueofthejourneyfromLoanda，whichhadmuchmoreeffectupontheirfeetthanhundredsofmileshadonourwaywestward。
Theyhadalwaysbeenaccustomedtomoistureintheirownwell-wateredland，andwecertainlyhadasuperabundanceofthatinLoandaTheroads，however，fromLoandatoGolungoAltowerebothhardanddry，andtheysufferedseverelyinconsequence；yettheywerecomposingsongstobesungwhentheyshouldreachhomeTheArgonautswerenothingtothem；
andtheyremarkedveryimpressivelytome，“ItwaswellyoucamewithMakololo，fornotribecouldhavedonewhatwehaveaccomplishedincomingtothewhiteman’scountry：wearethetrueancients，whocantellwonderfulthings。”Twoofthemnowhadfeverinthecontinuedform，andbecamejaundiced，thewhitesorconjunctivalmembraneoftheireyesbecomingasyellowassaffron；andathirdsufferedfromanattackofmania。
Hecametohiscompanionsoneday，andsaid，“Remainwell。
Iamcalledawaybythegods！”andsetoffatthetopofhisspeed。
Theyoungmencaughthimbeforehehadgoneamile，andboundhim。
BygentletreatmentandwatchingforafewdaysherecoveredIhaveobservedseveralinstancesofthiskindinthecountry，butveryfewcasesofidiocy，andIbelievethatcontinuedinsanityisrare。
Chapter21。
VisitadesertedConventFavorableReportofJesuitsandtheirTeachingGradationsofnativeSocietyPunishmentofThieves
Palm-toddy；itsbanefulEffectsFreemasonsMarriagesandFunerals
LitigationMrCanto’sIllnessBadBehaviorofhisSlaves
AnEntertainmentIdeasonFreeLaborLossofAmericanCotton-seed
AbundanceofCottoninthecountrySicknessofSekeletu’sHorse
EclipseoftheSunInsectswhichdistillWater
ExperimentswiththemProceedtoAmbacaSicklySeason
OfficeofCommandantPunishmentofofficialDelinquents
PresentfromMrSchutofLoandaVisitPungoAndongo
ItsgoodPasturage，Grain，Fruit，etcTheFortandcolumnarRocks
TheQueenofJingaSalubrityofPungoAndongoPriceofaSlave
AMerchant-princeHisHospitalityHearoftheLossofmyPapersin“Forerunner“NarrowEscapefromanAlligator
AncientBurial-placesNeglectofAgricultureinAngola
ManiocthestapleProductItsCheapnessSickness
FriendlyVisitfromacoloredPriestThePrinceofCongo
NoPriestsintheInteriorofAngola。
Whilewaitingfortherecoveryofmymen，Ivisited，incompanywithmyfriendMrCanto，thedesertedconventofStHilarion，atBango，afewmilesnorthwestofGolungoAltoItissituatedinamagnificentvalley，containingapopulationnumbering4000hearths。
ThisistheabodeoftheSova，orChiefBango，whostillholdsaplaceofauthorityunderthePortugueseThegardenoftheconvent，thechurch，anddormitoriesofthebrethrenarestillkeptinagoodstateofrepairIlookedatthefurniture，couches，andlargechestsforholdingtheprovisionsofthebrotherhoodwithinterest，andwouldfainhavelearnedsomethingoftheformeroccupants；
butallthebooksandsacredvesselshadlatelybeenremovedtoLoanda，andeventhegravesofthegoodmenstandwithoutanyrecord：
theirresting-placesare，however，carefullytended。
AllspeakwelloftheJesuitsandothermissionaries，astheCapuchins，etc。，forhavingattendeddiligentlytotheinstructionofthechildren。
Theyweresupposedtohaveatendencytotakethepartofthepeopleagainstthegovernment，andweresupplantedbypriests，concerningwhomnoregretisexpressedthattheywereallowedtodieout。
Inviewingthepresentfruitsofformermissions，itisimpossiblenottofeelassuredthat，iftheJesuitteachinghasbeensopermanent，thatofProtestants，wholeavetheBibleinthehandsoftheirconverts，willnotbelessabidingThechiefBangohasbuiltalargetwo-storyhouseclosebytheconvent，butsuperstitiousfearspreventhimfromsleepinginit。
ThePortuguesetakeadvantageofallthegradationsintowhichnativesocietyhasdivideditselfThisman，forinstance，isstillasovaorchief，hashiscouncilors，andmaintainsthesamestateaswhenthecountrywasindependentWhenanyofhispeopleareguiltyoftheft，hepaysdowntheamountofgoodsstolenatonce，andreimburseshimselfoutofthepropertyofthethiefsoeffectuallyastobebenefitedbythetransactionThepeopleunderhimaredividedintoanumberofclasses。
Therearehiscouncilors，asthehighest，whoaregenerallyheadmenofseveralvillages，andthecarriers，thelowestfreemen。
Oneclassabovethelastobtainstheprivilegeofwearingshoesfromthechiefbypayingforit；another，thesoldiersormilitia，payfortheprivilegeofserving，theadvantagebeingthattheyarenotafterwardliabletobemadecarriersTheyarealsodividedintogentlemenandlittlegentlemen，and，thoughquiteblack，speakofthemselvesaswhitemen，andoftheothers，whomaynotwearshoes，as“blacks“Themenofalltheseclassestrusttotheirwivesforfood，andspendmostoftheirtimeindrinkingthepalm-toddyThistoddyisthejuiceofthepalm-oil-tree`ElaeisGuineensis’，which，whentapped，yieldsasweet，clearliquid，notatallintoxicatingwhilefresh，but，whenallowedtostandtilltheafternoon，causesinebriationandmanycrimes。
Thistoddy，calledmalova，isthebaneofthecountryCulpritsarecontinuallybroughtbeforethecommandantsforassaultscommittedthroughitsinfluenceMencomeupwithdeepgashesontheirheads；
andone，whohadburnedhisfather’shouse，IsawmakingaprofoundbowtoMrCanto，andvolunteeringtoexplainwhyhedidthedeed。
Thereisalsoasortoffraternityoffreemasons，namedEmpacasseiros，intowhichnooneisadmittedunlessheisanexperthunter，andcanshootwellwiththegunTheyaredistinguishedbyafilletofbuffalohidearoundtheirheads，andareemployedasmessengersinallcasesrequiringexpressTheyareverytrustworthy，and，whenonactiveservice，formthebestnativetroopsthePortuguesepossess。
Themilitiaareofnovalueassoldiers，butcostthecountrynothing，beingsupportedbytheirwivesTheirdutiesarechieflytoguardtheresidencesofcommandants，andtoactaspolice。
ThechiefrecreationsofthenativesofAngolaaremarriagesandfunerals。
Whenayoungwomanisabouttobemarried，sheisplacedinahutaloneandanointedwithvariousunguents，andmanyincantationsareemployedinordertosecuregoodfortuneandfruitfulnessHere，asalmosteverywhereinthesouth，theheightofgoodfortuneistobearsons。
Theyoftenleaveahusbandaltogetheriftheyhavedaughtersonly。
Intheirdances，whenanyonemaywishtoderideanother，intheaccompanyingsongalineisintroduced，“Soandsohasnochildren，andneverwillgetany。”Shefeelstheinsultsokeenlythatitisnotuncommonforhertorushawayandcommitsuicide。