“Heiswell，andhesendshissalaam，buthiscircumstancesaredepressed，andbealsoisdownonhisluck。”
“YoulearnEnglishidiom“attheMissionCollege，itseems。”
“Yes，sir，theyarethebestidioms，andmyfatherorderedmetoaskyourhonortosayawordforhimtothepresentincumbentofyourhonor’sshoes，thelatchetofwhichheisnotworthytoopen，andwhoknowsnotJoseph；forthingsaredifferentatShershahnow，andmyfatherwantspromotion。”
“Yourfatherisagoodman，andIwilldowhatIcanforhim。”
AtthispointatelegramwashandedtoOrde，who，afterglancingatit，saidhemustleavehisyoungfriendwhomheintroducedtoPagett，“amemberoftheEnglishHouseofCommonswhowishestolearnaboutIndia。”
OrdebadscarcelyretiredwithhistelegramwhenPagettbegan：
“PerhapsyoucantellmesomethingoftheNationalCongressmovement？”
“Sir，itisthegreatestmovementofmoderntimes，andoneinwhichalledvcatedmenlikeusmustjoinAllourstudentsarefortheCongress。”
“Excepting，Isuppose，Mahommedans，andtheChristians？”saidPagett，quicktousehisrecentinstruction。
“Thesearesomemereexceptionstotheuniversalrule。”
“ButthepeopleoutsidetheCollege，theworkingclasses，theagriculturists；yourfatherandmother，forinstance。”
“Mymother。”saidtheyoungman，withavisibleefforttobringhimselftopronouncetheword，“hasnoideas，andmyfatherisnotagriculturist，norworkingclass；
heisoftheKayethcaste；buthehadnottheadvantageofacollegiateeducation，andhedoesnotknowmuchoftheCongress。
Itisamovementfortheeducatedyoung-man“-
connectingadjectiveandnouninasortofvocalhyphen。
“Ah，yes。”saidPagett，feelinghewasalittleofftherails，“andwhatarethebenefitsyouexpecttogainbyit？”
“Oh，sir，everythingEnglandowes260
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itsgreatnesstoParliamentaryinstitutions，andweshouldatoncegainthesamehighpositioninscaleofnationsSir，wewishtohavethesciences，thearts，themanufactures，theindustrialfactories，withsteamengines，andothermotivepowersandpublicmeetings，anddebates。
Alreadywehaveadebatingclubinconnectionwiththecollege，andelectaMrSpeakerSir，theprogressmustcomeYoualsoareaMemberofParliamentandworshipthegreatLordRipon。”saidtheyouth，breathlessly，andhisblackeyesflashedashefinishedhiscommalesssentences。
“Well。”saidPagett，drily，“ithasnotvetoccurredtometoworshiphisLord-ship，althoughI
believeheisaveryworthyman，andIamnotsurethatEnglandowesquiteallthethingsyounametotheHouseofCommonsYousee，myyoungfriend，thegrowthofanationlikeoursisslow，subjecttomanyinfluences，andifyouhavereadyourhistoryaright“-“SirIknowitall-all！
NormanConquest，MagnaCharta，Runnymede，Reformation，Tudors，Stuarts，Mr。
MiltonandMrBurke，andIhavereadsomethingofMrHerbertSpencerandGibbon’s’DeclineandFall，’Reynolds’
MysteriesoftheCourt，’and“-~agettfeltliteonewhohadpulledthestringofashower-bathunawares，andhastenedtostopthetorrentwithaqtlestionastowhatparticulargrievancesofthepeopleofIndiatheattentionofanelectedassemblyshouldbefirstdirectedButyoungMrDmaNathwasslowtoparticularize。
Thereweremany，verymanydemandingconsiderationMrPagettwouldliketohearofoneortwotypicalexamples。
TheRepealoftheArmsActwasatlastnamed，andthestudentlearnedforthefirsttimethatalicensewasnecessarybeforeanEnglishmancouldcarryaguninEnglandThennativesofIndiaoughttobeallowedtobecomeVolunteerRiflemeniftheychose，andtheabsoluteequalityoftheOrientalwithhisEuropeanfellow-subjectincivilstatusshouldbeproclaimedonprinciple，andtheIndianArmyshouldbeconsiderablyreducedThestudentwasnot，however，preparedwithanswerstoMrPagett’smildestquestionsonthesepoints，andhereturnedtovaguegeneralities，leavingtheM。PsomuchimpressedwiththecrudityofhisviewsthathewasgladonOrde’sreturntosaygood-byetohis“veryinteresting“youngfriend。
“WhatdoyouthinkofyoungIndia？”askedOrde。
“Curious，verycurious-andcallow。”
“Andyet。”thecivilianreplied，“onecanscarcelyhelpsympathizingwithhimforhismereyouth’ssakeTheyoungoratorsoftheOxfordUnionarrivedatthesameconclusionsandshoweddoubtlessjustthesameenthusiasmIftherewereanypoliticalanalogybetweenIndiaandEngland，ifthethousandracesofthisEmpirewereone，iftherewereanychanceevenoftheirlearningtospeakonelanguage，if，inshort，IndiawereaUtopiaofthedebating-room，andnotarealland，thiskindoftalkmightbeworthlisteningto，butitisallbasedonfalseanalogyandignoranceofthefacts。”
“Butheisanativeandknowsthefacts。”
“HeisasortofEnglishschoolboy，butmarriedthreeyears，andthefatherTHEENLIGHTENMENTSOFPAGETT，M。P。
26。
oftwoweaklings，andknowslessthanmostEnglishschoolboys。
Yousawallheisandknows，andsuchideasashehasacquiredaredirectlyhostiletothemostcherishedconvictionsofthevastmajorityofthepeople。”
“Butwhatdoeshemeanbysayingheisastudentofamissioncollege？IsheaChristian？”
“Hemeantjustwhathesaid，andheisnotaChristian，noreverwillhebeGoodpeopleinAmerica，ScotlandandEngland，mostofwhomwouldneverdreamofcollegiateeducationfortheirownsons，arepinchingthemselvestobestowitinpurewasteonIndianyouthsTheirschemeisanoblique，subterraneanattackonheathenism；thetheorybeingthatwiththejamofseculareducation，leadingtoaUniversitydegree，thepillofmoralorreligiousinstructionmayhecoaxeddowntheheathengullet。”
“Butdoesitsucceed；dotheymakeconverts？”
“Theymakenoconverts，forthesubtleOrientalswallowsthejamandrejectsthepill；butthemereexampleofthesober，righteous，andgodlylivesoftheprincipalsandprofessorswhoaremostexcellentanddevotedmen，musthaveacertainmoralvalue。
Yet，asLordLansdownepointedouttheotherday，themarketisdangerouslyoverstockedwithgraduatesofourUniversitieswholookforemploymentintheadministrationAnimmensenumberareemployed，butyearbyyearthecollegemillsgrindoutincreasinglistsofyouthsforedoomedtofailureanddisappointment，andmeanwhile，trademanufactures。
andtheindustrialartsareneglected，andinfactregardedwithcontemptbyournewliterarymandarinsinposse。”
“Butouryoungfriendsaidhewantedsteam-enginesandfactories。”saidPagett。
“Yes，hewouldliketodirectsuchconcernsHewantstobeginatthetop，formanuallaborisheldtobediscreditable，andhewouldneverdefilehishandsbytheapprenticeshipwhichthearchitects，engineers，andmanufacturersofEnglandcheerfullyundergo；andhewouldbeaghasttolearnthattheleadingnamesofindustrialenterpriseinEnglandbelongedagenerationortwosince，ornowbelong，tomenwhowroughtwiththeirownhands。
And，thoughhetalksgliblyofmanufacturers，herefusestoseethattheIndianmanufacturerofthefuturewillbethedespisedworkmanofthepresentItwasproposed，forexample，afewweeksago，thatacertainmunicipalityinthisprovinceshouldestablishanelementarytechnicalschoolforthesonsofworkmenThestressoftheoppositiontotheplancamefromapleaderwhoowedallhehadtoacollegeeducationbestowedonhimgratisbyGovernmentandmissionsYouwouldhavefanciedsomefineoldcrustedTorysquireofthelastgenerationwasspeaking’Thesepeople，’hesaid，’wantnoeducation，fortheylearntheirtradesfromtheirfathers，andtoteachaworkman’ssontheelementsofmathematicsandphysicalsciencewouldgivehimideasabovehisbusiness。
Theymustbekeptintheirplace，anditwasidletoimaginethattherewasanyscienceinwoodorironwork。’AndhecarriedhispointButtheIndianworkmanwillrisein202
thesocialscaleinspiteofthenewliterarycaste。”
“InEnglandwehavescarcelybeguntorealizethatthereisanindustrialclassinthiscountry，yet，Isuppose，theexampleofmen，likeEdwardsforinstance，musttell。”saidPagett，thoughtfully。
“Thatyoushouldn’tknowmuchaboutitisnaturalenough，fortherearebutfewsourcesofinformationIndiainthis，asinotherrespects，islikeabadlykeptledger-notwrittenuptodate。
AndmenlikeEdwardsare，inreality，missionaries，whobypreceptandexampleareteachingmorelessonsthantheyknowOnlyafew，however，oftheircrowdsofsubordinatesseemtocaretotrytoemulatethem，andaimatindividualadvancement；therestdropintotheancientIndiancastegr’ove。”
“Howdoyoumean？”asked~“Well，itisfoundthatthenewrailwayandfactoryworkmen，thefitter，thesmith，theengine-driver，andtherestarealreadyformingseparatehereditarycastes。
YoumaynoticethisdownatJamalpurinBengal，oneoftheoldestrailwaycentres；andatotherplaces，andinotherindustries，theyarefollowingthesameinexorableIndianlaw。”
“Whichmeans？”~ueriedPagett。
“Itmeansthattherootedhabitofthepeopleistogatherinsmallself-contained，self-sufficingfamilygroupswithnothoughtorcareforanyinterestsbuttheirown-ahabitwhichisscarcelycompatiblewiththerightacceptationoftheelectiveprinciple。”
“Yetyoumustadmit，Orde，thatthoughouryoungfriendwasnotabletoexpoundtbef~iththatisinhim，yourIndianarmyistoobig。”
“NotnearlybigenoughforitsmainpurposeAnd，asasideissue，therearecertainpowerfulminoritiesoffightingfolkwhoseinterestsanAsiaticGovernmentisboundtoconsiderArmsisasmuchameansoflivelihoodascivilemployunderGovernmentandlawAnditwouldbeaheavystrainonBritishbayonetstoholddownSikhs，Jats，Bilochis，Rohillas，Rajputs，Bhils，Dogras，Pahtans，andGurkbastoabidebythedecisionsofanumericalmajorityopposedtotheirinterestsLeavethe’numericalmajority’toitselfwithouttheBritishbayonets-aflockofsheepmightasreasonablyhopetomanageatroopofcollies。”
“ThiscomplaintaboutexcessivegrowthofthearmyisakintoanothercontentionoftheCongresspartyTheyprotestagainstthemalversationofthewholeofthemoneysraisedbyadditionaltaxesasaFamineInsuranceFundtootherpurposes。
YoumustbeawarethatthisspecialFamineFundhasallbeenspentonfrontierroadsanddefencesandstrategicrailwayschemesasaprotectionagainstRussia。”
“Buttherewasneveraspecialfaminefundraisedbyspecialtaxationandputbyasinabox。
NosaneadministratorwoulddreamofsuchathingInatimeofprosperityafinanceminister，rejoicinginamargin，proposedtoannuallyapplyamillionandahalftotheconstructionofrailwaysandcanalsfortheprotectionofdistrictsliabletoscarcity，andtothereductionoftheannualloansforpublicworksButtimeswerenotalwaysprosperous，andthefinanceministerhadtochoosewhetherbewouldbanguptheinsuranceschemeforayearorimposefreshTHEENLIGHTENMENTSOFPAGETT，M。P。