Thecrisispassed，butitwassucceededbyafiercerone。Manningwastakenseriouslyill，andbecameconvincedthathemightdieatanymoment。TheentriesinhisDiarygrewmoreelaboratethanever；hisremorseforthepast，hisresolutionsforthefuture，hisprotestationsofsubmissiontothewillofGod，filledpageafterpageofparallelcolumns，headingsandsub-headings，numberedclauses，andanalyticaltables。’HowdoIfeelaboutDeath？’hewrote。’Certainlygreatfear：
1。BecauseoftheuncertaintyofourstatebeforeGod。2。Becauseoftheconsciousness-1ofgreatsinspast，2ofgreatsinfulness，3ofmostshallowrepentance。WhatshallIdo？’
Hedecidedtomortifyhimself，toreadStThomasAquinas，andtomakehis’nightprayersfortyinsteadofthirtyminutes’。HedeterminedduringLent’tousenopleasantbreadexceptonSundaysandfeastssuchascakeandsweetmeat’；butheaddedtheproviso’Idonotincludeplainbiscuits’。Oppositethisentryappearstheword’KEPT’。Andyethisbackslidingsweremany。
Lookingbackoverasingleweek，hewasobligedtoregister’petulancetwice’and’complacentvisions’。HeheardhiscuratebeingcommendedforbringingsomanysoulstoGodduringLent，andhe’couldnotbearit’；buttheremorsewasterrible：’I
abhorredmyselfonthespot，andlookedupwardforhelp。’HemadeoutlistuponlistoftheAlmighty’sspecialmerciestowardshim，andtheyincludedhiscreation，hisregeneration，andNo。5
’thepreservationofmylifesixtimestomyknowledge：
1Inillnessattheageofnine。2Inthewater。3ByarunawayhorseatOxford。4Bythesame。5Byfallingnearlythroughtheceilingofachurch。6Againbyafallofahorse。
AndIknownothowofteninshooting，riding，etc。’
Atlasthebecameconvalescent；butthespiritualexperiencesofthoseagitatedweeksleftanindeliblemarkuponhismind，andpreparedthewayforthegreatchangewhichwastofollow。Forhehadotherdoubtsbesidesthosewhichheldhimintormentastohisownsalvation；hewasindoubtaboutthewholeframeworkofhisfaith。Newman’sconversion，hefound，hadmeantsomethingmoretohimthanhehadfirstrealised。IthadseemedtocomeasacalltotheredoublingofhisAnglicanactivities；butsupposing，inreality，itwereacalltowardssomethingverydifferent——towardsanabandonmentofthoseactivitiesaltogether？
Itmightbe’atrial’，oragainitmightbea’leading’；howwashetojudge？Already，beforehisillness，thesedoubtshadbeguntotakepossessionofhismind。’Iamconscioustomyself，’hewroteinhisDiary，’ofanextensivelychangedfeelingtowardstheChurchofRome……TheChurchofEnglandseemstometobediseased：1。ORGANICALLYsixsub-headings。2。FUNCTIONALLY
sevensubheadings……Whereveritseemshealthy，itapproximatesthesystemofRome。’ThenthoughtsoftheVirginMarysuddenlybegantoassailhim：
’1IfJohntheBaptistweresanctifiedfromthewomb，howmuchmoretheB。V。！
2IfEnochandElijahwereexemptedfromdeath，whynottheB。V。fromsin？
3ItisastrangewayoflovingtheSontoslightthemother！’
Theargumentsseemedirresistible，andafewweekslaterthefollowingentryoccurs——’Strangethoughtshavevisitedme：
1IhavefeltthattheEpiscopateoftheChurchofEnglandissecularisedandbounddownbeyondhope……
2Ifeelasifalighthadfallenuponme。MyfeelingabouttheRomanChurchisnotintellectual。Ihaveintellectualdifficulties，butthegreatmoraldifficultiesseemmelting。
3Somethingkeepsrisingandsaying，“YouwillendintheRomanChurch“。’
Henotedaltogethertwenty-fiveofthese’strangethoughts’。Hismindhoveredanxiouslyround——
’1TheIncarnation，2TheRealPresence，i。
Regeneration，ii。Eucharist，and3TheExaltationofS。M。
andSaints。’
Histwenty-secondstrangethoughtwasasfollows：’HowdoIknowwhereImaybetwoyearshence？WherewasNewmanfiveyearsago？’
Itwassignificant，buthardlysurprising，that，afterhisillness，ManningshouldhavechosentorecuperateinRome。Hespentseveralmonthsthere，andhisDiaryduringthewholeofthatperiodisconcernedentirelywithdetaileddescriptionsofchurches，ceremonies，andrelics，andwithminuteaccountsofconversationswithpriestsandnuns。Thereisnotasinglereferenceeithertotheobjectsofartortotheantiquitiesoftheplace；butanotheromissionwasstillmoreremarkable。
ManninghadalonginterviewwithPiusIX，andhisonlyrecordofitiscontainedinthebaldstatement：’AudiencetodayattheVatican’。Preciselywhatpassedonthatoccasionnevertranspired；allthatisknownisthatHisHolinessexpressedconsiderablesurpriseonlearningfromtheArchdeaconthatthechalicewasusedintheAnglicanChurchintheadministrationofCommunion。’What！’heexclaimed，isthesamechalicemadeuseofbyeveryone？’’IrememberthepainIfelt，’saidManning，longafterwards，’atseeinghowunknownweweretotheVicarofJesusChrist。Itmademefeelourisolation。’
OnhisreturntoEngland，hetookuponcemoretheworkinhisArchdeaconrywithwhatappetitehemight。Ravagedbydoubt，distractedbyspeculation，heyetmanagedtomaintainanoutwardpresenceofunshakencalm。HisonlyconfidantwasRobertWilberforce，towhom，forthenexttwoyears，hepouredforthinaseriesofletters，headed’UNDERTHESEAL’toindicatethattheycontainedthesecretsoftheconfessional——thewholehistoryofhisspiritualperturbations。Theironyofhispositionwassingular；for，duringthewholeofthistime，ManningwashimselfholdingbackfromtheChurchofRomeahostofhesitatingpenitentsbymeansofargumentswhichhewasattheverymomentdenouncingasfallacioustohisownconfessor。Butwhatelsecouldhedo？Whenhereceived，forinstance，alettersuchasthefollowingfromanagitatedlady，whatwashetosay？
’MYDEARFATHERINCHRIST，’……Iamsureyouwouldpitymeandliketohelpme，ifyouknewtheunhappy，unsettledstatemymindisin，andthemiseryofbeingENTIRELY，WHEREVERIAM，withthosewholookuponjoiningtheChurchofRomeasthemostawful“fall“conceivabletoanyone，andaredevoidofthesmallestcomprehensionofhowanyenlightenedpersoncandoit……MyoldEvangelicalfriends，withallmydeep，deeploveforthem，donotsucceedinshakingmeintheleast……
’Mybrotherhasjustpublishedabookcalled“Regeneration“，whichallmyfriendsarereadingandhighlyextolling；ithasaverycontraryeffecttowhathewoulddesireonmymind。Icanreadandunderstanditallinanaltogetherdifferentsense，andthefactswhichhequotesaboutthearticlesasdrawnupin1536，andagainin1552，andoftheIrisharticlesof1615and1634，STARTLEandSHAKEmeabouttheReformedChurchinEnglandfarmorethananythingelse，andhavedonesoeversinceIfirstsawtheminMr。Maskell’spamphletasquotedfromMrDodsworth’s。
’Idohopeyouhavesometimeandthoughttoprayformestill。
Mr。Galton’sletterslongagogrewintoshortformalnotes，whichhurtmeandannoyedmeparticularly，andIneveransweredhislast，so，literally，Ihavenoonetosaythingstoandgethelpfrom，whichinonesenseisacomfortwhenmyconvictionsseemtobeleadingmeonandon，andgainingstrengthinspiteofallthedrearinessofmylot。
’DoyouknowIcan’thelpbeingveryanxiousandunhappyaboutpoorSisterHarriet。IamafraidofherGOINGOUTOFHERMIND。
Shecomfortsherselfbyanoccasionaloutpouringofeverythingtome，andIhadaletterthismorning……ShesaysSisterMayhaspromisedtheVicarnevertotalktoherorallowhertotalkonthesubjectwithher，andIdoubtwhetherthiscanbegoodforher，becausethoughshehaslostherfaith，shesays，intheChurchofEngland，yetsheneverthinksofwhatshecouldhavefaithin，andresolutelywithoutinquiringintothequestiondeterminesriottobeaRomanCatholic，sothatreally，yousee，sheisallowinghermindtorunadriftandyetperfectlypowerless。
’Forgivemytroublingyouwiththisletter，andbelievemetobealwaysyourfaithful，gratefulandaffectionatedaughter，’EMMARYLE。
’P。S。IwishIcouldseeyouoncemoresoverymuch。’
HowwasManning，adirectorofsouls，andaclergymanoftheChurchofEngland，toreplythatinsobertruththerewasverylittletochoosebetweenthestateofmindofSisterEmma，orevenofSisterHarriet，andhisown？Thedilemmawasagrievousone：whenasoldierfindshimselffightingforacauseinwhichhehaslostfaith，itistreacherytostop，anditistreacherytogoon。
Atlast，intheseclusionofhislibrary，ManningturnedinagonytothoseoldwritingswhichhadprovidedNewmanwithsomuchinstructionandassistance；perhapstheFatherswoulddosomethingforhimaswell。HeransackedthepagesofSt。CyprianandSt。Cyril；hewentthroughthecompleteworksofSt。OptatusandSt。Leo；heexploredthevasttreatisesofTertullianandJustinMartyr。Hehadalampputintohisphaeton，sothathemightlosenotimeduringhislongwinterdrives。Therehesat，searchingSt。Chrysostomforsomemitigationofhisanguish，whilehespedalongbetweenthehedgestodistantsufferers，towhomhedulyadministeredthesacramentsaccordingtotheritesoftheEnglishChurch。HehurriedbacktocommittohisDiarytheanalysisofhisreflections，andtodescribe，underthemysticformulaofsecrecy，theintricateworkingsofhisconsciencetoRobertWilberforce。But，alas！hewasnoNewman；andeventhefourteenfoliosofSt。Augustinehimself，strangetosay，gavehimverylittlehelp。
Thefinalpropulsionwastocomefromanentirelydifferentquarter。InNovember，1847，theReverendMr。GorhamwaspresentedbytheLordChancellortothelivingofBramfordSpekeinthedioceseofExeter。TheBishop，Dr。Phillpotts，wasaHighChurchman，andhehadreasontobelievethatMr。Gorhamheldevangelicalopinions；hethereforesubjectedhimtoanexaminationondoctrine，whichtooktheformpartlyofaverbalinterrogatory，lastingthirty-eighthours，andpartlyofaseriesofonehundredandforty-ninewrittenquestions。AttheendoftheexaminationhecametotheconclusionthatMr。GorhamheldhereticalviewsonthesubjectofBaptismalRegeneration，andhethereforerefusedtoinstitute。Mr。Gorham，thereupon，tookproceedingsagainsttheBishopintheCourtofArches。Helosthiscase；andhethenappealedtothejudicialCommitteeofthePrivyCouncil。
Thequestionsatissueweretakenveryseriouslybyalargenumberofpersons。Inthefirstplace，therewasthequestionofBaptismalRegenerationitself。Thisisbynomeansaneasyonetodisentangle；butitmaybenotedthatthedoctrineofBaptismincludes：1God’sintention，thatistosay，Hispurposeinelectingcertainpersonstoeternallife——anabstruseandgreatlycontrovertedsubject，uponwhichtheChurchofEnglandabstainsfromstrictdefinition；2God’saction，whetherbymeansofsacramentsorotherwise——concerningwhichtheChurchofEnglandmaintainstheefficacyofsacraments，’butdoesnotformallydenythatgracemaybegivenbyothermeans，repentanceandfaithbeingpresent；and3thequestionwhethersacramentalgraceisgiveninstrumentally，byandatthemomentoftheactofbaptism，orinconsequenceofanactofprevenientgracerenderingthereceiverworthy——thatistosay，whethersacramentalgraceinbaptismisgivenabsolutelyorconditionally。
ItwasoverthislastquestionthatthedisputeragedhottestintheGorhamCase。TheHighChurchparty，representedbyDr。
Phillpotts，assertedthatthemereactofbaptismconferredregenerationupontherecipientandwashedawayhisoriginalsin。
TothistheEvangelicals，headedbyMr。Gorham，repliedthat，accordingtotheArticles，regenerationwouldnotfollowunlessbaptismwasRIGHTLYreceived。What，then，wasthemeaningof’rightly’？Clearlyitimpliednotmerelylawfuladministration，butworthyreception；worthiness，therefore，istheessenceofthesacrament；andworthinessmeansfaithandrepentance。Now，twopropositionswereacceptedbybothparties——thatallinfantsareborninoriginalsin，andthatoriginalsincouldbewashedawaybybaptism。Buthowcouldboththesepropositionsbetrue，arguedMr。Gorham，ifitwasalsotruethatfaithandrepentancewerenecessarybeforebaptismcouldcomeintooperationatall？
Howcouldaninfantinarmsbesaidtobeinastateoffaithandrepentance？How，therefore，coulditsoriginalsinbewashedawaybybaptism？Andyet，aseveryoneagreed，washedawayitwas。
Theonlysolutionofthedifficultylayinthedoctrineofprevenientgrace；andMr。GorhammaintainedthatunlessGodperformedanactofprevenientgracebywhichtheinfantwasendowedwithfaithandrepentance，noactofbaptismcouldbeeffectual；thoughtowhom，andunderwhatconditions，prevenientgracewasgiven，Mr。Gorhamconfessedhimselfunabletodecide。
ThelightthrownbytheBibleuponthewholematterseemedsomewhatdubious，forwhereasthebaptismofSt。Peter’sdisciplesatJerusalemandSt。Philip’satSamariawasfollowedbythegiftoftheSpirit，inthecaseofCorneliusthesacramentsucceededthegift。St。Paulalsowasbaptised；andasforthelanguageofSt。Johniii5；Rom。vi3，4；IPeteriii21，itadmitsofmorethanoneinterpretation。Therecould，however，benodoubtthattheChurchofEnglandassentedtoDr。Phillpotts’
opinion；thequestionwaswhetherornotsheexcludedMr。
Gorham’s。Ifitwasdecidedthatshedid，itwasclearthathenceforward，therewouldbeverylittlepeaceforEvangelicalswithinherfold。
Buttherewasanotherissue，evenmorefundamentalthanthatofBaptismalRegenerationitself，involvedintheGorhamtrial。AnActpassedin1833hadconstitutedtheJudicialCommitteeofthePrivyCouncilthesupremecourtofappealforsuchcases；andthisCommitteewasabodycomposedentirelyoflaymen。ItwasthusobviousthattheRoyalSupremacywasstillafact，andthatacollectionoflawyersappointedbytheCrownhadthelegalrighttoformulatethereligiousdoctrineoftheChurchofEngland。In1850theirjudgmentwasdelivered；theyreversedthedecisionoftheCourtofArches，andupheldthepositionofMr。
Gorham。Whetherhisviewsweretheologicallycorrectornot，theysaid，wasnottheirbusiness；itwastheirbusinesstodecidewhethertheopinionsunderconsiderationwerecontraryorrepugnanttothedoctrineoftheChurchofEnglandasenjoinedupontheclergybyitsArticles，Formularies，andRubrics；andtheyhadcometotheconclusionthattheywerenot。Thejudgementstillholdsgood；andtothisday，aclergymanoftheChurchofEnglandisquiteatlibertytobelievethatRegenerationdoesnotinvariablytakeplacewhenaninfantisbaptised。
TheblowfelluponnoonewithgreaterviolencethanuponManning。Notonlywasthesupremeefficacyofthesignofthecrossuponababy’sforeheadoneofhisfavouritedoctrines，butuptothatmomenthehadbeenconvincedthattheRoyalSupremacywasamereaccident——atemporaryusurpationwhichleftthespiritualdominionoftheChurchessentiallyuntouched。Butnowthehorridrealityroseupbeforehim，crownedandtriumphant；itwasalltooclearthatanActofParliament，passedbyJews，RomanCatholics，andDissenters，wastheultimateauthoritywhichdecideduponthemomentousnicetiesoftheAnglicanfaith。Mr。
Gladstonealso，wasdeeplyperturbed。Itwasabsolutelynecessary，hewrote，to’rescueanddefendtheconscienceoftheChurchfromthepresenthideoussystem’。Anagitationwassetonfoot，andseveralinfluentialAnglicans，withManningattheirhead，drewupandsignedaformalprotestagainsttheGorhamjudgment。Mr。Gladstonehowever，proposedanothermethodofprocedure：precipitateaction，hedeclared，mustbeavoidedatallcosts，andheelaboratedaschemeforsecuringprocrastination，bywhichacovenantwastobindallthosewhobelievedthatanarticleofthecreedhadbeenabolishedbyActofParliamenttotakenostepsinanydirection，nortoannouncetheirintentionofdoingso，untilagivenspaceoftimehadelapsed。Mr。Gladstonewashopefulthatsomegoodmightcomeofthis——thoughindeedhecouldnotbesure。’Amongothers，’hewrotetoManning，’IhaveconsultedRobertWilberforceandWegg-
Prosser，andtheyseemedinclinedtofavourmyproposal。Itmight，perhaps，havekeptbackLordFeilding。Butheislikeacork。’
TheproposalwascertainlynotfavouredbyManning。Protestsandprocrastinations，approvingWegg-Prossersandcork-likeLordFeildings——allthiswasfeedingthewindandfolly；thetimeforactionhadcome。’Icannolongercontinue，’hewrotetoRobertWilberforce，’underoathandsubscriptionbindingmetotheRoyalSupremacyinEcclesiasticalcauses，beingconvinced：
1ThatitisaviolationoftheDivineOfficeoftheChurch。
2ThatithasinvolvedtheChurchofEnglandinaseparationfromtheUniversalChurch，whichseparationIcannotclearofthecharacterofschism。
3ThatithastherebysuspendedandpreventedthefunctionsoftheChurchofEngland。’
ItwasinvainthatRobertWilberforcepleaded，invainthatMr。
GladstoneurgeduponhismindthesignificanceofJohniii8。
[’Thewindblowethwhereitlisteth，andthouhearestthesoundthereof，butcanstnottellwhenceitcometh，andwhitheritgoeth；soiseveryonethatisbornoftheSpirit。’]’Iadmit，’
Mr。Gladstonewrote，’thatthewordsmightinsomewaybesatisfiedbysupposingourLordsimplytomean“thefactsofnatureareunintelligible，therefore，benotafraidifrevealedtruthsbelikewisebeyondthecompassoftheunderstanding“；butthisseemstomeameagremeaning。’Suchconsiderationscouldholdhimnolonger，andManningexecutedtheresignationofhisofficeandbeneficebeforeapublicnotary。Soonafterwards，inthelittleChapeloffBuckinghamPalaceRoad，kneelingbesideMr。
Gladstone，heworshippedforthelasttimeasanAnglican。ThirtyyearslatertheCardinaltoldhow，justbeforetheCommunionservicecommenced，heturnedtohisfriendswiththewords：’I
cannolongertaketheCommunionintheChurchofEngland。’’I
roseup，andlayingmyhandonMr。Gladstone’sshoulder，said“Come“。Itwasthepartingoftheways。Mr。Gladstoneremained；
andIwentmyway。Mr。GladstonestillremainswhereIlefthim。’
OnApril6th，1851，thefinalstepwastaken：ManningwasreceivedintotheRomanCatholicChurch。Nowatlast，afterthelongstruggle，hismindwasatrest。’Iknowwhatyoumean，’hewrotetoRobertWilberforce，’bysayingthatonesometimesfeelsasifallthismightturnouttobeonlyanother“LandofShadows“。Ihavefeltitintimepast，butnotnow。ThetheologiafromNicetoSt。ThomasAquinas，andtheundividedunitysuffusedthroughouttheworld，ofwhichtheCathedraPetriisthecentre，isnow1800yearsold，andmightierineverypowernowthanever——
inintellect，inscience，inseparationfromtheworld；andpurertoo，refinedby300yearsofconflictwiththemoderninfidelcivilisation——allofthisisafactmoresolidthantheearth。’
V。
WHENManningjoinedtheChurchofRome，heactedunderthecombinedimpulseofthetwodominatingforcesinhisnature。Hispreoccupationwiththesupernaturalmight，alone，havebeensatisfiedwithinthefoldoftheAnglicancommunion；andsomighthispreoccupationwithhimself——theonemighthavefoundventintheelaborationsofHighChurchritual，andtheotherintheactivitiesofabishopric。Butthetwotogethercouldnotbequietedsoeasily。TheChurchofEnglandisacommodiousinstitution；sheisveryanxioustoplease，butsomehoworother，shehasnevermanagedtosupplyahappyhometosuperstitiousegotists。’Whatanescapeformypoorsoul！’Manningissaidtohaveexclaimedwhen，shortlyafterhisconversion，amitrewasgoinga-begging。But，intruth，Manning’s’poorsoul’hadscentednoblerquarry。Tooneofhistemperament，howwasitpossible，whenoncethechoicewasplainlyput，tohesitateforamomentbetweentherespectabledignityofanEnglishbishop，harnessedbythesecularpower，withtheGorhamjudgmentasabitbetweenhisteeth，andtheillimitablepretensionsofthehumblestpriestofRome？
Forthemoment，however，itseemedasiftheFateshadatlastbeensuccessfulintheirlittlegameofshuntingManning。ThesplendidcareerwhichhehadsolaboriouslybuiltupfromthesmallbeginningsofhisSussexcuracywasshattered——andshatteredbytheinevitableoperationofhisownessentialneeds。
Hewasoverforty，andhehadbeenputbackoncemoretotheverybottomrungoftheladder——amiddle-agedneophytewith，sofarascouldbeseen，nospecialclaimtotheattentionofhisnewsuperiors。TheexampleofNewman，afarmoreillustriousconvert，washardlyreassuring：hehadbeenrelegatedtoacompleteobscurity，inwhichhewastoremainuntilextremeoldage。WhyshouldtherebeanythingbetterinstoreforManning？YetitsohappenedthatwithinfourteenyearsofhisconversionManningwasArchbishopofWestminsterandthesupremeruleroftheRomanCatholiccommunityinEngland。ThistimetheFatesgaveuptheunequalstruggle；theypaidovertheirstakesindespair，andretiredfromthegame。
NeverthelessitisdifficulttofeelquitesurethatManning’splungewasashazardousasitappeared。Certainlyhewasnotamanwhowaslikelytoforgettolookbeforeheleaped，noronewho，ifhehappenedtoknowthattherewasamattressspreadtoreceivehim，wouldleapwithlessconviction。Inthelightofafter-events，onewouldbegladtoknowwhatpreciselypassedatthatmysteriousinterviewofhiswiththePope，threeyearsbeforehisconversion。ItisatleastpossiblethattheauthoritiesinRomehadtheireyeonManning；themaywellhavefeltthattheArchdeaconofChichesterwouldbeagreatcatch。
WhatdidPioNonosay？ItiseasytoimaginethepersuasiveinnocenceofhisItalianvoice。’Ah，dearSignorManning，whydon’tyoucomeovertous？Doyousupposethatweshouldnotlookafteryou？’
Atanyrate，whenhedidgoover，Manningwaslookedafterverythoroughly。Therewas，itistrue，amomentaryembarrassmentattheoutset：itwasonlywiththegreatestdifficultythathecouldbringhimselftoabandonhisfaithinthevalidityofAnglicanOrders，inwhichhebelieved’withconsciousnessstrongerthanallreasoning’。Hewasconvincedthathewasstillapriest。WhentheRev。Mr。Tierney，whohadreceivedhimintotheRomanCatholiccommunion，assuredhimthatthiswasnotthecase，hewasfilledwithdismayandmortification。Afterafivehourdiscussion，hestartedtohisfeetinarage。’Then，Mr。
Tierney，’heexclaimed，’youthinkmeinsincere。’
Thebitterdraughtwasswallowedatlast，and，afterthat，allwentsmoothly。ManninghastenedtoRome，andwasimmediatelyplacedbythePopeinthehighlyselectAccademiaEcclesiastica，commonlyknownasthe’NurseryofCardinals’，forthepurposeofcompletinghistheologicalstudies。Whenthecoursewasfinished，hecontinued，bythePope’sspecialrequest，tospendsixmonthsofeveryyearinRome，wherehepreachedtotheEnglishvisitors，becameacquaintedwiththegreatpersonagesofthePapalcourt，andenjoyedtheprivilegeofconstantinterviewswiththeHolyFather。Atthesametime，hewasabletomakehimselfusefulinLondon，whereCardinalWiseman，thenewlycreatedArchbishopofWestminster，wasseekingtoreanimatetheRomanCatholiccommunity。Manningwasnotonlyextremelypopularinthepulpitandintheconfessional；hewasnotonlyhighlyefficientasagleanerofsouls——andofsoulswhomovedinthebestsociety；healsopossessedafamiliaritywithofficialpersonsandofficialways，whichwasinvaluable。WhenthequestionaroseoftheappointmentofCatholicchaplainsintheCrimeaduringthewar，itwasManningwhoapproachedtheMinister，interviewedthePermanentSecretary，andfinallysucceededinobtainingallthatwasrequired。WhenaspecialReformatoryforCatholicchildrenwasproposed，ManningcarriedthroughthenegotiationwiththeGovernment。WhenanattemptwasmadetoremoveCatholicchildrenfromtheWorkhouses，Manningwasagainindispensable。NowonderCardinalWisemansoondeterminedtofindsomeoccupationofspecialimportancefortheenergeticconvert。HehadlongwishedtoestablishacongregationofsecularpriestsinLondonparticularlydevotedtohisservice，andtheopportunityfortheexperimenthadclearlynowarisen。TheorderoftheOblatesofSt。CharleswasfoundedinBayswater，andManningwasputatitshead。Unfortunately，noportionofthebodyofSt。Charlescouldbeobtainedforthenewcommunity，buttworelicsofhisbloodwerebroughtovertoBayswaterfromMilan。AlmostatthesametimethePopesignifiedhisappreciationofManning’seffortsbyappointinghimProvostoftheChapterofWestminster——apositionwhichplacedhimattheheadoftheCanonsofthediocese。
Thisdoublepromotionwasthesignalfortheoutbreakofanextraordinaryinternalstruggle，whichragedwithoutintermissionforthenextsevenyears，andwastoendonlywiththeaccessionofManningtotheArchbishopric。TheconditionoftheRomanCatholiccommunityinEnglandwasatthattimeasingularone。Ontheonehandtheoldrepressivelawsoftheseventeenthcenturyhadbeenrepealedbyliberallegislation，andontheotheralargenewbodyofdistinguishedconvertshadenteredtheRomanChurchasaresultoftheOxfordMovement。Itwasevidentthattherewasa’boom’inEnglishCatholicism，and，in1850，PiusIX
recognisedthefactbydividingupthewholeofEnglandintodioceses，andplacingWisemanattheheadofthemasArchbishopofWestminster。Wiseman’sencyclical，dated’fromwithouttheFlaminianGate’，inwhichheannouncedthenewdeparture，wasgreetedinEnglandbyastormofindignation，culminatinginthefamousandfuribundletterofLordJohnRussell，thenPrimeMinister，againsttheinsolenceofthe’PapalAggression’。Thoughtheparticularpointagainstwhichtheoutcrywasraised——theEnglishterritorialtitlesofthenewRomanbishops——wasaninsignificantone，theinstinctofLordJohnandoftheEnglishpeoplewasinrealitysoundenough。Wiseman’sinstallationdidmean，infact，anewmoveinthePapalgame；itmeantanadvance，ifnotanaggression——aquickeninginEnglandofthelong-
dormantenergiesoftheRomanChurch。ThatChurchhasneverhadthereputationofbeinganinstitutiontobetrifledwith；and，inthosedays，thePopewasstillrulingasatemporalPrinceoverthefairestprovincesofItaly。Surely，iftheimagesofGuyFawkeshadnotbeengarnished，onthatfifthofNovember，withtriplecrowns，itwouldhavebeenaverypoorcomplimenttoHisHoliness。
ButitwasnotonlythehonestProtestantsofEnglandwhohadcausetodreadthearrivalofthenewCardinalArchbishop；therewasapartyamongtheCatholicsthemselveswhoviewedhisinstallationwithalarmanddisgust。ThefamiliesinwhichtheCatholictraditionhadbeenhandeddownuninterruptedlysincethedaysofElizabeth，whichhadknownthepainsofexileandofmartyrdom，andwhichclungtogetheranalienandisolatedgroupinthemidstofEnglishsociety，nowbegantofeelthattheywere，afterall，ofsmallmomentinthecounselsofRome。Theyhadlabouredthroughtheheatoftheday，butnowitseemedasiftheharvestwastobegatheredinbyacrowdofconvertswhowereproclaimingoneverysideassomethingnewandwonderfulthetruthswhichtheOldCatholics，astheycametobecalled，hadnotonlyknown，butforwhichtheyhadsufferedforgenerations。
CardinalWiseman，itistrue，wasnoconvert；hebelongedtooneoftheoldestoftheCatholicfamilies；buthehadspentmostofhislifeinRome，hewasoutoftouchwithEnglishtraditions，andhissympathywithNewmanandhisfollowerswasonlytooapparent。OneofhisfirstactsasArchbishopwastoappointtheconvertW。G。Ward，whowasnoteveninholyorders，tobeProfessorofTheologyatSt。Edmund’sCollege——thechiefseminaryforyoungpriests，inwhichtheancienttraditionsofDouaywerestillflourishing。WardwasanardentPapalistandhisappointmentindicatedclearlyenoughthatinWiseman’sopiniontherewastoolittleoftheItalianspiritintheEnglishcommunity。TheuneasinessoftheOldCatholicswasbecomingintense，whentheywerereassuredbyWiseman’sappointingashisco-adjutorandsuccessorhisintimatefriend，Dr。Errington，whowascreatedontheoccasionArchbishopofTrebizondinpartibusinfidelium。NotonlywasDr。ErringtonanOldCatholicofthemostrigidtype，hewasamanofextremeenergy，whoseinfluencewascertaintobegreat；and，inanycase，Wisemanwasgrowingold，sothatbeforeverylongitseemedinevitablethatthepolicyofthediocesewouldbeinproperhands。Suchwasthepositionofaffairswhen，twoyearsafterErrington’sappointment，ManningbecameheadoftheOblatesofSt。CharlesandProvostoftheChapterofWestminster。
TheArchbishopofTrebizondhadbeenforsometimegrowingmoreandmoresuspiciousofManning’sinfluence，andthissuddenelevationappearedtojustifyhisworstfears。ButhisalarmwasturnedtofurywhenhelearnedthatSt。Edmund’sCollege，fromwhichhehadjustsucceededinremovingtheobnoxiousW。G。Ward，wastobeplacedunderthecontroloftheOblatesofSt。Charles。
TheOblatesdidnotattempttoconcealthefactthatoneoftheirprincipalaimswastointroducethecustomsofaRomanSeminaryintoEngland。Agrimperspectiveofespionageandtale-bearing，foreignhabits，andItaliandevotionsopenedoutbeforethedismayedeyesoftheOldCatholics；theydeterminedtoresisttotheutmost；anditwasuponthequestionofthecontrolofSt。
Edmund’sthatthefirstbattleinthelongcampaignbetweenErringtonandManningwasfought。
CardinalWisemanwasnowobviouslydecliningtowardsthegrave。A
manofvastphysique——’yourimmense’，anIrishservantusedrespectfullytocallhim——ofsanguinetemperament，ofgenialdisposition，ofversatilecapacity，heseemedtohaveengraftedupontherobustnessofhisEnglishnaturethefacile，child-like，andexpansivequalitiesoftheSouth。SofarfrombeingaBishopBlougramastherumourwenthewas，infact，theveryantithesisofthatsubtleandworldly-wiseecclesiastic。HehadinnocentlylookedforwardallhislifetothereunionofEnglandtotheSeeofPeter，andeventuallyhadcometobelievethat，inGod’shand，hewastheinstrumentdestinedtobringaboutthismiraculousconsummation。WasnottheOxfordMovement，withitsfloodofconverts，aclearsignoftheDivinewill？HadhenothimselfbeentheauthorofthatmomentousarticleonSt。
AugustineandtheDonatists，whichhadfinallyconvincedNewmanthattheChurchofEnglandwasinschism？Andthen，hadhenotbeenabletosetafootaCrusadeofPrayerthroughoutCatholicEuropefortheconversionofEngland？
Heawaitedtheresultwitheagerexpectation，andinthemeantimehesethimselftosmoothawaythehostilityofhiscountrymenbydeliveringcoursesofpopularlecturesonliteratureandarchaeology。Hedevotedmuchtimeandattentiontotheceremonialdetailsofhisprincelyoffice。Hisknowledgeofrubricandritual，andofthesymbolicalsignificationsofvestments，hasrarelybeenequalled，andhetookaprofounddelightintheorderingandtheperformanceofelaborateprocessions。Duringoneofthesefunctions，anunexpecteddifficultyarose：theMasterofCeremoniessuddenlygavethewordforahalt，and，onbeingaskedthereason，repliedthathehadbeeninstructedthatmomentbyspecialrevelationtostoptheprocession。TheCardinal，however，wasnotataloss。’Youmaylettheprocessiongoon，’hesmilinglyreplied。’Ihavejustobtainedpermission，byspecialrevelation，toproceedwithit。’Hisleisurehourshespentinthewritingofedifyingnovels，thecompositionofacrosticsinLatinVerse，andinplayingbattledoreandshuttlecockwithhislittlenieces。Therewas，indeed，onlyonepointinwhichheresembledBishopBlougram——hisloveofagoodtable。SomeofNewman’sdiscipleswereastonishedandgrievedtofindthathesatdowntofourcoursesoffishduringLent。’Iamsorrytosay，’remarkedoneofthemafterwards，’thatthereisalobstersaladsidetotheCardinal。’
Itwasamelancholyfatewhichordainedthatthelastyearsofthiscomfortable，easygoing，innocentoldmanshouldbedistractedandembitteredbythefuryofopposingprinciplesandthevenomofpersonalanimosities。Butsoitwas。Hehadfallenintothehandsofonewhocaredverylittleforthegentlepleasuresofrepose。Lefttohimself，WisemanmighthavecompromisedwiththeOldCatholicsandDr。Errington；butwhenManninghadonceappeareduponthescene，allcompromisebecameimpossible。ThelateArchdeaconofChichester，whohadunderstoodsowellandpractisedwithsuchcarefulskillthepreceptofthegoldenmeansodeartotheheartoftheChurchofEngland，now，asProvostofWestminster，flunghimselfintothefraywiththatunyieldingintensityoffervour，thatpassionfortheextremeandtheabsolute，whichistheverylifebloodoftheChurchofRome。
EventheredoubtableDr。Errington，short，thickset，determined，withhis`hawk-likeexpressionofface’，asacontemporarydescribedhim，’ashelookedatyouthroughhisbluespectacles’，hadbeenknowntoquailinthepresenceofhis，antagonist，withhistallandgracefulfigure，hispaleasceticfeatures，hiscompressedandicylips，hiscalmandpenetratinggaze。AsforthepoorCardinal，hewashelplessindeed。
Henceforward，therewastobenopalteringwiththatdangerousspiritofindependence——wasitnotalmostGallicanismwhichpossessedtheOldCatholicfamiliesofEngland？ThesupremacyoftheVicarofChristmustbemaintainedatallhazards。Comparedwithsuchanobject，whatweretheclaimsofpersonalaffectionanddomesticpeace？TheCardinalpleadedinvain；hislifelongfriendshipwithDr。Erringtonwaspluckedupbytheroots，andtheharmonyofhisprivatelifewasutterlydestroyed。Hisownhouseholdwasturnedagainsthim。Hisfavouritenephew，whomhehadplacedamongtheOblatesunderManning’sspecialcare，leftthecongregationandopenlyjoinedthepartyofDr。Errington。
Hissecretaryfollowedsuit；butsaddestofallwasthecaseofMonsignorSearle。MonsignorSearle，inthecapacityofconfidentialmanofaffairs，haddominatedovertheCardinalinprivateforyearswiththeautocraticfidelityofaservantwhohasgrownindispensable。Hisdevotion，infact，seemedtohavetakentheformofphysicalimitation，forhewashardlylessgiganticthanhismaster。Thetwowereinseparable；theirhugefiguresloomedtogetherlikeneighbouringmountains；andononeoccasion，meetingtheminthestreet，agentlemancongratulatedWisemanon’yourEminence’sfineson’。Yetnoweventhiscompanionshipwasbrokenup。TherelentlessProvostheretoobroughtasword。Therewereexplosionsandrecriminations。
MonsignorSearle，findingthathispowerwasslippingfromhim，madescenesandprotests，andatlastwasfoolishenoughtoaccuseManningofpeculationtohisface；afterthatitwasclearthathisdaywasover；hewasforcedtoslinksnarlingintothebackground，whiletheCardinalshudderedthroughallhisimmensity，andwishedmanytimesthathewerealreadydead。
Yet，hewasnotaltogetherwithouthisconsolations；Manningtookcaretoseetothat。HispiercingeyehaddetectedthesecretwayintotherecessesoftheCardinal’sheart——haddiscernedthecoreofsimplefaithwhichunderlaythatjovialmannerandthatfaciletalk。Otherswerecontenttolaughandchatterandtransacttheirbusiness；Manningwasmoreartistic。Hewatchedhisopportunity，andthen，whenthemomentcame，touchedwithadeftfingerthechordoftheConversionofEngland。Therewasanimmediateresponse，andhestruckthesamechordagain，andyetagain。HebecametherepositoryoftheCardinal’smostintimateaspirations。Healonesympathisedandunderstood。’IfGodgivesmestrengthtoundertakeagreatwrestling-matchwithinfidelity，’Wisemanwrote，’Ishalloweittohim。’
Butwhathereallyfoundhimselfundertakingwasawrestling-
matchwithDr。Errington。ThestruggleoverSt。Edmund’sCollegegrewmoreandmoreacute。TherewerehighwordsintheChapter，whereMonsignorSearleledtheassaultagainsttheProvost，andcarriedaresolutiondeclaringthattheOblatesofSt。CharleshadintrudedthemselvesillegallyintotheSeminary。TheCardinalquashedtheproceedingsoftheChapter；whereupon，theChapterappealedtoRome。Dr。Errington，carriedawaybythefuryofthecontroversy，thenappearedastheavowedopponentoftheProvostandtheCardinal。WithhisownhandhedrewupadocumentjustifyingtheappealoftheChaptertoRomebyCanonLawandthedecreesoftheCouncilofTrent。Wisemanwasdeeplypained：’Myowncoadjutor，’heexclaimed，’isactingassolicitoragainstmeinalawsuit。’TherewasarushtoRome，where，forseveralensuingyears，thehostileEnglishpartiesweretowageafuriousbattleintheantechambersoftheVatican。ButthedisputeovertheOblatesnowsankintoinsignificancebesidetherageofcontentionwhichcentredroundanewandfarmoredeadlyquestion；forthepositionofDr。Erringtonhimselfwasatstake。
TheCardinal，inspiteofillness，indolence，andthetiesoffriendship，hadbeenbroughtatlasttoanextraordinarystep——
hewaspetitioningthePopefornothinglessthanthedeprivationandremovaloftheArchbishopofTrebizond。
Theprecisedetailsofwhatfollowedaredoubtful。Itisonlypossibletodiscernwithclearness，amidavastcloudofofficialdocumentsandunofficialcorrespondencesinEnglish，Italian，andLatin，ofPapaldecreesandvoluminousscritture，ofconfidentialreportsofepiscopalwhispersandthesecretagitationsofCardinals，theformofManning，restlessandindomitable，scouringlikeastormypetreltheangryoceanofdebate。Wiseman，dilatory，unbusinesslike，andinfirm，wasreadyenoughtoleavetheconductofaffairsinhishands。NorwasitlongbeforeManningsawwherethekeyofthewholepositionlay。Asintheolddays，atChichester，hehadsecuredthegoodwillofBishopShuttleworthbycultivatingthefriendshipofArchdeaconHare，sonow，onthisvasterscaleofoperations，hissagacityledhimswiftlyandunerringlyupthelittlewindingstaircaseintheVaticanandthroughthehumbledoorwhichopenedintothecabinetofMonsignorTalbot，theprivatesecretaryofthePope。MonsignorTalbotwasapriestwhoembodiedinasingularmanner，ifnotthehighest，atleastthemostpersistenttraditionsoftheRomanCuria。Hewasamasterofvariousartswhichthepracticeofageshasbroughttoperfectionunderthefriendlyshadowofthetripletiara。Hecouldmingletogetherastutenessandholinesswithoutanydifficulty；hecouldmakeinnuendoesasnaturallyasanordinarymanmakesstatementsoffact；hecouldapplyflatterywithsounsparingahandthatevenPrincesoftheChurchfounditsufficient；and，onoccasion，hecouldringthechangesoftortureonahumansoulwithatactwhichcalledforthuniversalapprobation。Withsuchaccomplishments，itcouldhardlybeexpectedthatMonsignorTalbotshouldberemarkableeitherforadelicatesenseofconscientiousnessorforanextremerefinementoffeeling，butthenitwasnotforthosequalitiesthatManningwasinsearchwhenhewentupthewindingstair。HewaslookingforthemanwhohadtheearofPioNono；and，ontheothersideofthelow-archeddoor，hefoundhim。Thenheputforthallhisefforts；hissuccesswascomplete；andanalliancebeganwhichwasdestinedtohavetheprofoundesteffectuponManning’scareer，andwasonlydissolvedwhen，manyyearslater，MonsignorTalbotwasunfortunatelyobligedtoexchangehisapartmentintheVaticanforaprivatelunaticasylumatPassy。
ItwasdeterminedthatthecoalitionshouldberatifiedbytheruinofDr。Errington。Whenthemomentofcrisiswasseentobeapproaching，WisemanwassummonedtoRome，wherehebegantodrawupanimmensescritturacontaininghisstatementofthecase。Formonthspast，theredoubtableenergiesoftheArchbishopofTrebizondhadbeenabsorbedinasimilartask。Foliowasbeingpileduponfolio，whenasuddenblowthreatenedtoputanendtothewholeproceedinginasummarymanner。TheCardinalwasseizedbyviolentillness，andappearedtobeuponhisdeathbed。Manningthoughtforamomentthathislabourshadbeeninvainandthatallwaslost。ButtheCardinalrecovered；MonsignorTalbotusedhisinfluenceashealoneknewhow；andapapaldecreewasissuedbywhichDr。Erringtonwas’liberated’fromtheCoadjutorshipofWestminster，togetherwiththerightofsuccessiontotheSee。
Itwasasupremeactofauthority——a’colpodistatodiDominiddio’，asthePopehimselfsaid——andtheblowtotheOldCatholicswascorrespondinglysevere。TheyfoundthemselvesdeprivedatonefellswoopbothoftheinfluenceoftheirmostenergeticsupporterandofthecertaintyofcomingintopoweratWiseman’sdeath。Andinthemeantime，ManningwasredoublinghisenergiesatBayswater。ThoughhisOblateshadbeencheckedoverSt。Edmund’s，therewasstillnolackofworkforthemtodo。
Thereweremissionstobecarriedon，schoolstobemanaged，fundstobecollected。Severalnewchurcheswerebuilt；acommunityofmostedifyingnunsoftheThirdOrderofSt。Franciswasestablished；and￡30，000，raisedfromManning’sprivateresourcesandfromthoseofhisfriends，wasspentinthreeyears。’Ihatethatman，’oneoftheOldCatholicsexclaimed，’heissuchaforwardpiece。’ThewordswerereportedtoManning，whoshruggedhisshoulders。’Poorman，’hesaid，’whatishemadeof？
Doeshesuppose，inhisfoolishness，thatafterworkingdayandnightfortwentyyearsinheresyandschism，onbecomingaCatholic，Ishouldsitinaneasy-chairandfoldmyhandsalltherestofmylife？’Buthissecretthoughtswereofadifferentcaste。’Iamconsciousofadesire，’hewroteinhisDiary，’tobeinsuchaposition：IasIhadintimespast；2asmypresentcircumstancesimply；3asmyfriendsthinkmefitfor；
and4asIfeelmyownfacultiestendto。
’But，Godbeingmyhelper，Iwillnotseekitbytheliftingofafingerorthespeaking，ofaword。’
SoManningwrote，andthought，andprayed；butwhatarewords，andthoughts，andevenprayers，tothemysteriousandrelentlesspowersofcircumstanceandcharacter？CardinalWisemanwasslowlydying；thetilleroftheChurchwasslippingfromhisfeeblehand；andManningwasbesidehim，theonemanwiththeenergy，theability，thecourage，andtheconvictiontosteertheshipuponhercourse。Morethanthat；therewasthesinisterfigureofaDr。Erringtoncrouchingcloseathand，readytoseizethehelmandmakestraight——whocoulddoubtit？——fortherocks。Insuchasituationthevoiceofself-abnegationmustneedsgrowstillandsmallindeed。Yetitspokeon，foritwasoneoftheparadoxesinManning’ssoulthatthatvoicewasneversilent。Whateverelsehewas，hewasnotunscrupulous。Rather，hisscruplesdeepenedwithhisdesires；andhecouldsatisfyhismostexorbitantambitionsinaprofundityofself-abasement。AndsonowhevowedtoHeaventhathewouldSEEKnothing——no，notbytheliftingofafingerorthespeakingofaword。But，ifsomethingcametohim——？Hehadvowednottoseek；hehadnotvowednottotake。Mightitnotbehisplaindutytotake？MightitnotbethewillofGod？
Something，ofcourse，didcometohim，thoughitseemedforamomentthatitwouldeludehisgrasp。Wisemandied，andthereensuedinRomeacrisisofextraordinaryintensity。’Sincethecreationofthehierarchy，’MonsignorTalbotwrote，itisthegreatestmomentfortheChurchthatIhaveyetseen。’ItwasthedutyoftheChapterofWestminstertonominatethreecandidatesforsuccessiontotheArchbishopric；theymadeonelasteffort，andhadthetemeritytoplaceuponthelist，besidesthenamesoftwoOldCatholicbishops，thatofDr。Errington。Itwasafatalblunder。PiusIXwasfurious；theChapterhadcommittedan’insultaalPapa’，heexclaimed，strikinghisbreastthreetimesinhisrage。’ItwastheChapterthatdidit，’saidManning，afterwards；butevenaftertheChapter’sindiscretion，thefataldecisionhunginthebalanceforweeks。’Thegreatpointofanxietywithme，wroteMonsignorTalbottoManning，’iswhetheraCongregationwillbeheld，orwhethertheHolyFatherwillperformaPontificalact。Hehimselfisdoubting。Ithereforesaymassandprayeverymorningthathemayhavethecouragetochooseforhimself，insteadofsubmittingthemattertoaCongregation。AlthoughtheCardinalsaredeterminedtorejectDr。
Errington，neverthelessIamafraidthattheyshouldselectoneoftheothers。YouknowverywellthatCongregationsareguidedbythedocumentsthatareplacedbeforethem；itisforthisreasonthatIshouldpreferthePope’sactinghimself。’
ButtheHolyFatherhimselfwasdoubting。Inhisindecision，heorderedamonthofprayersandmasses。Thesuspensegrewandgrew。EverythingseemedagainstManning。ThewholeEnglishepiscopatewasopposedtohim；hehadquarrelledwiththeChapter；hewasaconvertofbutfewyears’standing；eventhecongregatedCardinalsdidnotventuretosuggesttheappointmentofsuchaman。Butsuddenly，theHolyFather’sdoubtscametoanend。Heheardavoice——amysteriousinwardvoice——whisperingsomethinginhisear。’Metteteloli！Metteteloli！’thevoicerepeated，overandoveragain。Metteteloli！Itwasaninspiration；andPiusIX，brushingasidetherecommendationsoftheChapterandthedeliberationsoftheCardinals，madeManning，byaPontificalact，ArchbishopofWestminster。
MonsignorTalbot’sfelicitywascomplete；andhetookoccasioninconveyinghiscongratulationstohisfriend，tomakesomeilluminatingreflectionsuponthegreatevent。’MYpolicythroughout，’hewrote，’wasnevertoproposeyouDIRECTLYtothePope，but，tomakeothersdoso，sothatbothyouandIcanalwayssaythatitwasnotIwhoinducedtheHolyFathertonameyou——whichwouldlessentheweightofyourappointment。ThisI
say，becausemanyhavesaidthatyourbeingnamedwasallmydoing。IdonotsaythatthePopedidnotknowthatIthoughtyoutheonlymaneligible——asItookcaretotellhimoverandoveragainwhatwasagainstalltheothercandidates——andinconsequence，hewasalmostdrivenintonamingyou。Afterhehadnamedyou，theHolyFathersaidtome，“Whatadiplomatistyouare，tomakewhatyouwishedcometopass！“
’Nevertheless，’concludedMonsignorTalbot，’IbelieveyourappointmentwasspeciallydirectedbytheHolyGhost。’
Manninghimselfwasapparentlyofthesameopinion。’MydearChild，’hewrotetoaladypenitent，’IhaveintheselastthreeweeksfeltasifourLordhadcalledmebyname。Everythingelsehaspassedoutofmymind。ThefirmbeliefthatIhavelonghadthattheHolyFatheristhemostsupernaturalpersonIhaveeverseenhasgivenmethisfeelingmoredeeply。’Still，IfeelasifIhadbeenbrought，contrarytoallhumanwills，bytheDivineWill，intoanimmediaterelationtoourDivineLord。’
’Ifindeed，’hewrotetoLadyHerbert，’itwerethewillofourDivineLordtolayuponmethisheavyburden，Hecouldhavedoneitinnowaymorestrengtheningandconsolingtome。ToreceiveitfromthehandsofHisVicar，andfromPiusIX，andafterlonginvocationoftheHolyGhost，andnotonlywithouthumaninfluences，butinspiteofmanifoldariapowerfulhumanopposition，givesmethelaststrengthforsuchacross。’
VI
MANNING’Sappointmentfilledhisopponentswithalarm。Wrathandvengeanceseemedtobehangingoverthem；whatmightnotbeexpectedfromtheformidableenemyagainstwhomtheyhadstruggledforsolong，andwhonowstoodamongthemarmedwitharchiepiscopalpowersandinvestedwiththespecialconfidenceofRome？Greatwastheiramazement，greatwastheirrelief，whentheyfoundthattheirdreadedmasterbreathednothingbutkindness，gentleness，andconciliation。Theoldscores，theyfound，werenottobepaidoff，buttobewipedout。Thenewarchbishoppouredforthuponeverysideallthetact，allthecourtesy，allthedignifiedgracesofaChristianmagnanimity。Itwasimpossibletowithstandsuchtreatment。Bishopswhohadspentyearsinthwartinghimbecamehisdevotedadherents；eventheChapterofWestminsterforgotitshatred。MonsignorTalbotwasextremelysurprised。’Yourgreatestenemieshaveentirelycomeround，’hewrote。’IreceivedtheotherdayapanegyricofyoufromSearle。ThischangeoffeelingIcannotattributetoanythingbuttheHolyGhost。’MonsignorTalbotwasveryfondoftheHolyGhost；but，sofar，atanyrateasSearlewasconcerned，therewasanotherexplanation。Manning，insteadofdismissingSearlefromhispositionof’oeconomus’intheepiscopalhousehold，hadkepthimon——atanincreasedsalary；andthepoorman，whohadnotscrupledinthedaysofhispridetocallManningathief，wasnowdulygrateful。
AstoDr。Errington，hegaveanexampleofhumilityandsubmissionbyatoncewithdrawingintoacompleteobscurity。ForyearstheArchbishopofTrebizond，theejectedheirtotheSeeofWestminster，labouredasaparishpriestintheIsleofMan。Henursednoresentmentinhisheart，and，afteralongandedifyinglifeofpeaceandsilence，hediedin1886，aprofessoroftheologyatClifton。
ItmightbesupposedthatManningcouldnowfeelthathistriumphwascomplete。Hispositionwassecure；hispowerwasabsolute；
hisprestigewasdailygrowing。Yettherewassomethingthatirkedhimstill。AshecasthiseyesovertheRomanCatholiccommunityinEngland，hewasawareofonefigurewhich，byvirtueofapeculiareminence，seemedtochallengethesupremacyofhisown。ThatfigurewasNewman’s。
Sincehisconversion，Newman’slifehadbeenalongseriesofmisfortunesanddisappointments。WhenhehadlefttheChurchofEngland，hewasitsmostdistinguished，itsmostreveredmember，whosewords，howeverstrange，werelistenedtowithprofoundattention，andwhoseopinions，howeverdubious，werefollowedinalltheirfluctuationswithaneagerandindeedatremblingrespect。HeenteredtheChurchofRome，andfoundhimselfforthwithanunimportantman。HewasreceivedatthePapalCourtwithapolitenesswhichonlyfaintlyconcealedatotallackofinterestandunderstanding。Hisdelicatemind，withitsrefinements，itshesitations，itscomplexities——hissoft，spectacled，Oxfordmanner，withitshalf-effeminatediffidence-
suchthingswereillcalculatedtoimpressathrongofbusyCardinalsandBishops，whosedayswerespentamidthepracticaldetailsofecclesiasticalorganisation，thelong-drawninvolutionsofpapaldiplomacy，andthedeliciousbickeringsofpersonalintrigue。Andwhen，atlast，hedidsucceedinmakingsomeimpressionuponthesesurroundings，itwasnobetter；itwasworse。Anuneasysuspiciongraduallyarose；itbegantodawnupontheRomanauthoritiesthatDr。Newmanwasamanofideas。WasitpossiblethatDr。NewmandidnotunderstandthatideasinRomewere，tosaytheleastofit，outofplace？Apparently，hedidnot——norwasthatall；notcontentwithhavingideas，hepositivelyseemedanxioustospreadthem。Whenthatwasknown，thepolitenessinhighplaceswasseentobewearingdecidedlythin。HisHoliness，whoonNewman’sarrivalhadgraciouslyexpressedthewishtoseehim’againandagain’，now，apparently，wasconstantlyengaged。AtfirstNewmansupposedthatthegrowingcoolnesswastheresultofmisapprehension；hisItalianwasfaulty，LatinwasnotspokenatRome，hiswritingshadonlyappearedingarbledtranslations。AndevenEnglishmenhadsometimesfoundhisargumentsdifficulttofollow。Hethereforedeterminedtotaketheutmostcaretomakehisviewsquiteclear；
hisopinionsuponreligiousprobability，hisdistinctionbetweendemonstrativeandcircumstantialevidence，histheoryofthedevelopmentofdoctrineandtheaspectsofideas——theseandmanyothermatters，uponwhichhehadwrittensomuch，hewouldnowexplaininthesimplestlanguage。Hewouldshowthattherewasnothingdangerousinwhatheheld，thattherewasapassageinDeLugowhichsupportedhim——thatPerrone，bymaintainingthattheImmaculateConceptioncouldbedefined，hadimplicitlyadmittedoneofhismainpositions，andthathislanguageaboutFaithhadbeenconfused，quiteerroneously，withthefideismofM。Bautain。
CardinalBarnabo，CardinalReisach，CardinalAntonelli，lookedathimwiththeirshrewdeyesandhardfaces，whilehepouredintotheirearswhich，ashehadalreadynoticedwithdistress，werelargeandnottooclean——hiscarefuldisquisitions；but，itwasallinvain——theyhadclearlyneverreadDeLugoorPerrone，andasforM。Bautain，theyhadneverheardofhim。Newman，indespair，fellbackuponSt。ThomasAquinas；but，tohishorror，heobservedthatSt。ThomashimselfdidnotmeanverymuchtotheCardinals。
Withasinkingheart，herealisedatlastthepainfultruth：itwasnotthenatureofhisviews，itwashishavingviewsatall，thatwasobjectionable。HehadhopedtodevotetherestofhislifetotheteachingofTheology；butwhatsortofTheologycouldheteachwhichwouldbeacceptabletosuchsuperiors？HeleftRome，andsettleddowninBirminghamastheheadofasmallcommunityofOratorians。Hedidnotcomplain；itwasGod’swill；
itwasbetterso。Hewouldwatchandpray。
ButGod’swillwasnotquitesosimpleasthat。Wasitright，afterall，thatamanwithNewman’sintellectualgifts，hisdevotedardour，hispersonalcelebrity，shouldsinkawayoutofsightanduseinthedimrecessesoftheOratoryatBirmingham？
Ifthecallweretocometohimtotakehistalentoutofthenapkin，howcouldherefuse？Andthecalldidcome。ACatholicUniversitywasbeingstartedinIrelandandDr。Cullen，theArchbishopofArmagh，beggedNewmantobecometheRector。Atfirsthehesitated，butwhenhelearnedthatitwastheHolyFather’swishthatheshouldtakeupthework，hecoulddoubtnolonger；theofferwassentfromHeaven。Thedifficultiesbeforehimwereverygreat；notonlyhadanewUniversitytobecalledupoutofthevoid，butthepositionwascomplicatedbythepresenceofarivalinstitution——theundenominationalQueen’sColleges，foundedbyPeelafewyearsearlierwiththeobjectofgivingIrishCatholicsfacilitiesforUniversityeducationonthesametermsastheirfellow-countrymen。YetNewmanhadthehighesthopes。HedreamtofsomethinggreaterthanamerelyIrishUniversity——ofanobleandflourishingcentreoflearningfortheCatholicsofIrelandandEnglandalike。Andwhyshouldnothisdreamcometrue？’Inthemidstofourdifficulties，hesaid，’I
haveonegroundofhope，justonestay，but，asIthink，asufficientone，whichservesmeinthesteadofallotherargumentwhatever。ItisthedecisionoftheHolySee；St。Peterhasspoken。’
TheyearsthatfollowedshowedtowhatextentitwassafetodependuponSt。Peter。Unforeseenobstaclescroppeduponeveryside。Newman’senergieswereuntiring，butsowastheinertiaoftheIrishauthorities。Onhisappointment，hewrotetoDr。CullenaskingthatarrangementsmightbemadeforhisreceptioninDublin。Dr。Cullendidnotreply。Newmanwroteagain，butstilltherewasnoanswer。Weekspassed，monthspassed，yearspassed，andnotaword，notasign，camefromDr。Cullen。Atlast，afterdanglingformorethantwoyearsintheuncertaintiesandperplexitiesofsostrangeasituation，NewmanwassummonedtoDublin。Therehefoundnothingbutdisorderanddiscouragement。
Thelaitytooknointerestinthescheme；theclergyactivelydislikedit；Newman’sauthoritywasdisregarded。HeappealedtoCardinalWiseman，andthenatlastarayofhopedawned。Thecardinalsuggestedthatabishopricshouldbeconferreduponhim，togivehimastatussuitabletohisposition；Dr。Cullenacquiesced，andPiusIXwasallcompliance。’ManderemoaNewmanlacrocetta，’hesaidtoWiseman，smilinglydrawinghishandsdowneachsideofhisnecktohisbreast，’lofaremovescovodiPorfirio，oqualcheluogo。’ThenewsspreadamongNewman’sfriends，andcongratulationsbegantocomein。Buttheofficialintimationseemedtobeunaccountablydelayed；nocrocettacamefromRome，andCardinalWisemanneveragainreferredtothematter。NewmanwaslefttogatherthatthesecretrepresentationsofDr。Cullenhadbroughtaboutachangeofcounselinhighquarters。Hispridedidnotallowhimtoinquirefurther；butoneofhisladypenitents，MissGiberne，waslessdiscreet。’HolyFather，’shesuddenlysaidtothePopeinanaudienceoneday，’whydon’tyoumakeFatherNewmanabishop？’UponwhichtheHolyFatherlookedmuchconfusedandtookagreatdealofsnuff。
ForthenextfiveyearsNewman，unaidedandignored，struggleddesperately，likeamaninabog，withtheovermasteringdifficultiesofhistask。Hismind，whosenativehauntwasamongthefaraerialboundariesoffancyandphilosophy，wasnowclampeddownunderthefettersofpettydetailandfeduponthemeandietofcompromiseandroutine。Hehadtoforcehimselftoscrapetogethermoney，towritearticlesforthestudents’
Gazette，tomakeplansformedicallaboratories，tobeingratiatingwiththeCityCouncil；hewasobligedtospendmonthstravellingthroughtheremoteregionsofIrelandinthecompanyofextraordinaryecclesiasticsandbarbaroussquireens。
Hewasathoroughbredharnessedtoafour-wheeledcab——andheknewit。Eventually，herealisedsomethingelse：hesawthatthewholeprojectofaCatholicUniversityhadbeenevolvedasapoliticalandecclesiasticalweaponagainsttheQueen’sCollegesofPeel，andthatwasall。Asaninstrumentofeducation。itwassimplylaughedat；andhehimselfhadbeencalledinbecausehisnamewouldbeavaluableassetinapartygame。Whenheunderstoodthat，heresignedhisrectorshipandreturnedtotheOratory。
But，histribulationswerenotyetover。ItseemedtobeGod’swillthatheshouldtakepartinawholesuccessionofschemes，which，nolessthantheprojectoftheIrishUniversity，weretoendindisillusionmentandfailure。HewaspersuadedbyCardinalWisemantoundertaketheeditorshipofanewEnglishversionoftheScriptures，whichwastobeamonumentofCatholicscholarshipandaneverlastingglorytoMotherChurch。Hemadeelaboratepreparations；hecollectedsubscriptions，engagedcontributors，andcomposedalongandlearnedprolegomenatothework。Itwasalluseless；CardinalWisemanbegantothinkofotherthings；andtheschemefadedimperceptiblyintothinair。
Thenanewtaskwassuggestedtohim：“TheRambler“，aCatholicperiodical，hadfallenonevildays；wouldDrNewmancometotherescue，andaccepttheeditorship？Thistimehehesitatedratherlongerthanusual；hehadburnedhisfingerssooften——hemustbespeciallycarefulnow。’IdidallIcouldtoascertainGod’sWill，’hesaid，andhecametotheconclusionthatitwashisdutytoundertakethework。Hedidso，andaftertwonumbershadappeared，Dr。Ullathorne，theBishopofBirmingham，calleduponhim，andgentlyhintedthathehadbetterleavethepaperalone。
ItstonewasnotlikedatRome；ithadcontainedanarticlecriticisingSt。PiusV，and，mostseriousofall，theorthodoxyofoneofNewman’sownessayshadappearedtobedoubtful。Heresigned，andintheanguishofhisheart，determinednevertowriteagain。Oneofhisfriendsaskedhimwhyhewaspublishingnothing。’Hannibal’selephants，’hereplied，’nevercouldlearnthegoose-step。’
Newmanwasnowanoldman——hewassixty-threeyearsofage。Whathadhetolookforwardto？Afewlastyearsofinsignificanceandsilence。Whathadhetolookbackupon？Alongchronicleofwastedefforts，disappointedhopes，neglectedpossibilities，unappreciatedpowers。AndnowallhislabourshadendedbyhisbeingaccusedatRomeoflackoforthodoxy。Hecouldnolongerrestrainhisindignation，andinalettertooneofhisladypenitents，hegaveventtothebitternessofhissoul。WhenhisRamblerarticlehadbeencomplainedof，hesaid，therehadbeensometalkofcallinghimtoRome。’CallmetoRome，’heburstout——’whatdoesthatmean？Itmeanstoseveranoldmanfromhishome，tosubjecthimtointercoursewithpersonswhoselanguagesarestrangetohim——tofoodandtofashionswhicharealmoststarvationontheonehand，andinvolverestlessdaysandnightsontheother——itmeanstoobligehimtodanceattendanceonPropagandaweekafterweekandmonthaftermonth——itmeanshisdeath。ItwasthepunishmentonDr。Baines，1840-1，tokeephimatthedoorofPropagandaforayear。
’ThisistheprospectwhichIcannotbutfeelprobable，didIsayanythingwhichoneBishopinEnglandchosetospeakagainstandreport。Othershavebeenkilledbeforeme。Lucaswentofhisownaccordindeed——butwhenhegotthere，oh！’Howmuchdidhe，asloyalasonoftheChurchandtheHolySeeaseverwas，whatdidhesufferbecauseDr。Cullenwasagainsthim？HewanderedasDr。
Cullensaidinaletterhepublishedinasortoftriumph，hewanderedfromChurchtoChurchwithoutafriend，andhardlygotanaudiencefromthePope。’AndItooshouldgofromSt。PhiliptoOurLady，andtoSt。PeterandSt。Paul，andtoSt。LaurenceandtoSt。Cecilia，and，ifithappenedtomeastoLucas，shouldcomebacktodie。’
Yet，inspiteofall，inspiteoftheseexasperationsoftheflesh，theseagitationsofthespirit，whatwastheretoregret？
Hadhenotamysteriousconsolationwhichoutweighedeverygrief？
Surely，surely，hehad。
’Unveil，0Lord，andonusshine，Ingloryandingrace，’
heexclaimsinapoemwrittenatthistime，called’TheTwoWorlds’：
’ThisgaudyworldgrowspalebeforeThebeautyofThyface。
’TillThouartseenitseemstoheAsortoffairyground，Wheresunsunsettinglightthesky，Andflowersandfruitabound。
’ButwhenThykeener，purerbeamIspoureduponoursight，Itlosesallitspowertocharm，Andwhatwasdayisnight……
’Andthus，whenwerenounceforTheeItsrestlessaimsandfears，Thetendermemoriesofthepast，Thehopesofcomingyears，’Poorisoursacrifice，whoseeyesArelightedfromabove；
Weofferwhatwecannotkeep，Whatwehaveceasedtolove。’
SuchwereNewman’sthoughtswhenanunexpectedeventoccurredwhichproducedaprofoundeffectuponhislife：CharlesKingsleyattackedhisgoodfaith，andthegoodfaithofCatholicsingeneral，inamagazinearticle。Newmanprotested，andKingsleyrejoinedinaniratepamphlet。Newman’sreplywastheApologiaproVitaSua，whichhewroteinsevenweeks，sometimesworkingtwenty-twohoursatastretch，’constantlyintears，andconstantlycryingoutwithdistress’。Thesuccessofthebook，withitstransparentcandour，itscontroversialbrilliance，thesweepandpassionofitsrhetoric，thedepthofitspersonalfeeling，wasimmediateandoverwhelming；itwasrecognisedatonceasaclassic，notonlybyCatholics，butbythewholeEnglishworld。Fromeverysideexpressionsofadmiration，gratitude，anddevotionpouredin。ItwasimpossibleforonesosensitiveasNewmantotheopinionsofotherpeopletoresistthehappyinfluenceofsuchanunlooked-for，suchanenormoustriumph。Thecloudofhisdejectionbegantolift；etl’espoirmalgreluis’estglissedanssoncoeur。
ItwasonlynaturalthatatsuchamomenthisthoughtsshouldreturntoOxford。ForsomeyearspastproposalshadbeenonfootforestablishingthereaHall，underNewman’sleadership，forCatholicundergraduates。TheschemehadbeenlookeduponwithdisfavourinRome，andithadbeenabandoned；butnowanewopportunitypresenteditself——somelandinasuitablepositioncameintothemarket。Newman，withhisrevivingspirits，feltthathecouldnotletthischancegoby，andboughttheland。ItwashisintentiontobuildtherenotaHall，butaChurch，andtosetonfoota’HouseoftheOratory’。Whatpossibleobjectioncouldtherebetosuchascheme？HeapproachedtheBishopofBirmingham，whogavehisapproval；inRomeitselftherewasnohostilesign。Thelaitywereenthusiasticandsubscriptionsbegantoflowin。Wasitpossiblethatallwaswellatlast？Wasitconceivablethatthestrangeandwearypilgrimageofsomanyyearsshouldendatlengthinquietude，ifnotinhappiness，whereithadbegun？
ItsohappenedthatitwasatthisverytimethatManningwasappointedtotheSeeofWestminster。Thedestiniesofthetwomen，whichhadrunparalleltooneanotherinsostrangeafashionandforsomanyyears，werenowforamomentsuddenlytoconverge。Newlyclothedwithalltheattributesofecclesiasticalsupremacy，ManningfoundhimselffacetofacewithNewman，uponwhosebrowswereglitteringthefreshlaurelsofspiritualvictory——thecrownofanapostolicallife。Itwasthemeetingoftheeagleandthedove。Whatfollowedshowed，moreclearlyperhapsthananyotherincidentinhiscareer，thestuffthatManningwasmadeof。Powerhadcometohimatlast；andheseizeditwithalltheavidityofabornautocrat，whoseappetiteforsupremedominionhadbeenwhettedbylongyearsofenforcedabstinenceandthehatedsimulationsofsubmission。HewastherulerofRomanCatholicEngland，andhewouldrule。ThenatureofNewman’sinfluenceitwasimpossibleforhimtounderstand，buthesawthatitexisted；fortwentyyearshehadbeenunabletoescapetheunwelcomeitterationsofthatsingular，thatalien，thatrivalrenown；andnowitstoodinhispath，aloneandinexplicable，likeadefiantghost。’Itisremarkablyinteresting，’heobservedcoldly，whensomebodyaskedhimwhathethoughtoftheApologia：’itislikelisteningtothevoiceofonefromthedead。’Andsuchvoices，withtheirsepulchralechoes，areapttobemoredangerousthanlivingones；theyattracttoomuchattention；theymustbesilencedatallcosts。
Itwasthemeetingoftheeagleandthedove；therewasahovering，aswoop，andthenthequickbeakandtherelentlesstalonsdidtheirwork。
EvenbeforehisaccessiontotheArchbishopric，ManninghadscentedapeculiarperilinNewman’sOxfordscheme，andsosoonashecameintopower，heprivatelydeterminedthattheauthoroftheApologiashouldneverbeallowedtoreturntohisoldUniversity。Norwasthereanylackofexcellentreasonsforsuchadecision。Oxfordwasbythistimeanestofliberalism；itwasnofitplaceforCatholicyouths，andtheywouldinevitablybeattractedtherebythepresenceofFatherNewman。Andthen，hadnotFatherNewman’sorthodoxybeenimpugned？HadhenotbeenheardtoexpressopinionsofmostdoubtfulproprietyuponthequestionoftheTemporalPower？Wasitnotknownthathemightalmostbesaidtohaveanindependentmind？Aninfluence？Yes，hehadaninfluencenodoubt；butwhatafatalkindofinfluencetowhichtosubjecttherisinggenerationofCatholicEnglishmen！
SuchwerethereflectionswhichManningwascarefultopourintothereceptivecarofMonsignorTalbot。Thatusefulpriest，athispostofvantageintheVatican，wasmorethaneverthedevotedservantofthenewArchbishop。Aleague，offensiveanddefensive，hadbeenestablishedbetweenthetwofriends。’IdaresayIshallhavemanyopportunitiestoserveyouinRome，’wroteMonsignorTalbotmodestly，’andIdonotthinkanysupportwillbeuselesstoyou，especiallyonaccountofthepeculiarcharacterofthePope，andthespiritwhichpervadesPropaganda；therefore，Iwishyoutounderstandthatacompactexistsbetweenus；ifyouhelpme，Ishallhelpyou。’Andalittlelaterheadded，’Iamgladyouaccepttheleague。AsIhavealreadydoneforyears，Ishallsupportyou，andIhaveahundredwaysofdoingso。Aworddroppedattheproperoccasionworkswonders。’Perhapsitwashardlynecessarytoremindhiscorrespondentofthat。
SofarasNewmanwasconcerned，itsofelloutthatMonsignorTalbotneedednoprompting。DuringthesensationcausedbytheappearanceoftheApologia，ithadoccurredtohimthatitwouldbeanexcellentplantosecureNewmanasapreacherduringLentforthefashionablecongregationwhichattendedhischurchinthePiazzadelPopolo；and，hehadaccordinglywrittentoinvitehimtoRome。Hisletterwasunfortunatelynotatactfulone。HeassuredNewmanthathewouldfindinthePiazzadelPopolo’anaudienceofProtestantsmoreeducatedthancouldeverbethecaseinEngland’，and’Ithinkmyself，’hehadaddedbywayofextrainducement，’thatyouwillderivegreatbenefitfromvisitingRome，andshowingyourselftotheEcclesiasticalAuthorities。’
Newmansmiledgrimlyatthis；hedeclaredtoafriendthattheletterwas’insolent’；andhecouldnotresistthetemptationofusinghissharppen。
’DearMonsignorTalbot，’hewroteinreply，’Ihavereceivedyourletter，invitingmetopreachinyourChurchatRometoanaudienceofProtestantsmoreeducatedthancouldeverbethecaseinEngland。
’However，Birminghampeoplehavesouls；andIhaveneithertastenortalentforthesortofworkwhichyoucutoutforme。AndI
begtodeclineyouroffer。