Allfoodgone——Captain\'sLog。[3]
[Ferguson\'slogcontinues]
June12。Stiffbreeze，andwearefairlyflying——deadaheadofit——
andtowardtheislands。Goodhope，buttheprospectsofhungerareawful。Ateham-boneto-day。Itisthecaptain\'sbirthday；heisfifty-fouryearsold。
June13。Theham-ragsarenotquiteallgoneyet，andtheboot-
legs，wefind，areverypalatableafterwegetthesaltoutofthem。
Alittlesmoke，Ithink，doessomelittlegood；butIdon\'tknow。
June14。Hungerdoesnotpainusmuch，butwearedreadfullyweak。
Ourwaterisgettingfrightfullylow。Godgrantwemayseelandsoon！NOTHINGTOEAT，butfeelbetterthanIdidyesterday。Towardeveningsawamagnificentrainbow——THEFIRSTWEHADSEEN。Captainsaid，\'Cheerup，boys；it\'saprophecy——IT\'STHEBOWOFPROMISE！\'
June15。GodbeforeverpraisedforHisinfinitemercy！LANDIN
SIGHT！rapidlyneareditandsoonwereSUREofit……TwonobleKanakasswamoutandtooktheboatashore。Wewerejoyfullyreceivedbytwowhitemen——Mr。JonesandhisstewardCharley——andacrowdofnativemen，women，andchildren。Theytreatedussplendidly——aidedus，andcarriedusupthebank，andbroughtuswater，poi，bananas，andgreencoconuts；butthewhitementookcareofusandpreventedthosewhowouldhaveeatentoomuchfromdoingso。Everybodyoverjoyedtoseeus，andallsympathyexpressedinfaces，deeds，andwords。Wewerethenhelpeduptothehouse；andhelpweneeded。Mr。JonesandCharleyaretheonlywhitemenhere。
Treatedussplendidly。Gaveusfirstaboutateaspoonfulofspiritsinwater，andthentoeachacupofwarmtea，withalittlebread。
TakesEVERYcareofus。Gaveuslateranothercupoftea，andbreadthesame，andthenletusgotorest。ITISTHEHAPPIESTDAYOFMY
LIFE……GodinHismercyhasheardourprayer……Everybodyissokind。Wordscannottell。
June16。Mr。Jonesgaveusadelightfulbed，andwesurelyhadagoodnight\'srest；butnotsleep——weweretoohappytosleep；wouldkeeptherealityandnotletitturntoadelusion——dreadedthatwemightwakeupandfindourselvesintheboatagain。
Itisanamazingadventure。Thereisnothingofitssortinhistorythatsurpassesitinimpossibilitiesmadepossible。Inoneextraordinarydetail——thesurvivalofeverypersonintheboat——itprobablystandsaloneinthehistoryofadventuresofitskinds。Usuallymerelyapartofaboat\'scompanysurvive——officers，mainly，andothereducatedandtenderly-rearedmen，unusedtohardshipandheavylabour；theuntrained，roughly-rearedhardworkerssuccumb。Butinthiscaseeventherudestandrougheststoodtheprivationsandmiseriesofthevoyagealmostaswellasdidthecollege-bredyoungbrothersandthecaptain。Imean，physically。Themindsofmostofthesailorsbrokedowninthefourthweekandwenttotemporaryruin，butphysicallytheenduranceexhibitedwasastonishing。Thosemendidnotsurvivebyanymeritoftheirown，ofcourse，butbymeritofthecharacterandintelligenceofthecaptain；
theylivedbythemasteryofhisspirit。Withouthimtheywouldhavebeenchildrenwithoutanurse；theywouldhaveexhaustedtheirprovisionsinaweek，andtheirpluckwouldnothavelastedevenaslongastheprovisions。
Theboatcameneartobeingwreckedatthelast。Asitapproachedtheshorethesailwasletgo，andcamedownwitharun；thenthecaptainsawthathewasdriftingswiftlytowardanuglyreef，andaneffortwasmadetohoistthesailagain；butitcouldnotbedone；themen\'sstrengthwaswhollyexhausted；theycouldnotevenpullanoar。Theywerehelpless，anddeathimminent。ItwasthenthattheywerediscoveredbythetwoKanakaswhoachievedtherescue。Theyswamoutandmannedtheboat，andpilotedherthroughanarrowandhardlynoticeablebreakinthereef——theonlybreakinitinastretchofthirty-fivemiles！Thespotwherethelandingwasmadewastheonlyoneinthatstretchwherefootingcouldhavebeenfoundontheshore；everywhereelseprecipicescamesheerdownintofortyfathomsofwater。Also，inallthatstretchthiswastheonlyspotwhereanybodylived。
Withintendaysafterthelandingallthemenbutonewereupandcreepingabout。Properly，theyoughttohavekilledthemselveswiththe\'food\'ofthelastfewdays——someofthem，atanyrate——menwhohadfreightedtheirstomachswithstripsofleatherfromoldbootsandwithchipsfromthebuttercask；afreightagewhichtheydidnotgetridofbydigestion，butbyothermeans。Thecaptainandthetwopassengersdidnoteatstripsandchips，asthesailorsdid，butscrapedtheboot-
leatherandthewood，andmadeapulpofthescrapingsbymoisteningthemwithwater。Thethirdmatetoldmethatthebootswereoldandfullofholes；thenaddedthoughtfully，\'buttheholesdigestedthebest。\'
Speakingofdigestion，hereisaremarkablething，andworthnothing：
duringthisstrangevoyage，andforawhileafterwardonshore，thebowelsofsomeofthemenvirtuallyceasedfromtheirfunctions；insomecasestherewasnoactionfortwentyandthirtydays，andinonecaseforforty-four！Sleepingalsocametoberare。Yetthemendidverywellwithoutit。Duringmanydaysthecaptaindidnotsleepatall——twenty-
one，Ithink，ononestretch。
Whenthelandingwasmade，allthemenweresuccessfullyprotectedfromover-eatingexceptthe\'Portyghee；\'heescapedthewatchandateanincrediblenumberofbananas：ahundredandfifty-two，thethirdmatesaid，butthiswasundoubtedlyanexaggeration；Ithinkitwasahundredandfifty-one。Hewasalreadynearlyhalffullofleather；itwashangingoutofhisears。Idonotstatethisonthethirdmate\'sauthority，forwehaveseenwhatsortofapersonhewas；Istateitonmyown。The\'Portyghee\'oughttohavedied，ofcourse，andevennowitseemsapitythathedidn\'t；buthegotwell，andasearlyasanyofthem；andallfullofleather，too，thewayhewas，andbutter-timberandhandkerchiefsandbananas。Someofthemendideathandkerchiefsinthoselastdays，alsosocks；andhewasoneofthem。
Itistothecreditofthementhattheydidnotkilltheroosterthatcrowedsogallantlymornings。Helivedeighteendays，andthenstoodupandstretchedhisneckandmadeabrave，weakefforttodohisdutyoncemore，anddiedintheact。Itisapicturesquedetail；andsoisthatrainbow，too——theonlyoneseenintheforty-threedays，——raisingitstriumphalarchintheskiesforthesturdyfighterstosailundertovictoryandrescue。
Withtendays\'provisionsCaptainJosiahMitchellperformedthismemorablevoyageofforty-threedaysandeighthoursinanopenboat，sailingfourthousandmilesinrealityandthirty-threehundredandsixtybydirectcourses，andbroughteverymansafetoland。Abright，simple-
hearted，unassuming，plucky，andmostcompanionableman。Iwalkedthedeckwithhimtwenty-eightdays——whenIwasnotcopyingdiaries，——andI
rememberhimwithreverenthonour。Ifheisaliveheiseighty-sixyearsoldnow。
IfIrememberrightly，SamuelFergusondiedsoonafterwereachedSanFrancisco。Idonotthinkhelivedtoseehishomeagain；hisdiseasehadbeenseriouslyaggravatedbyhishardships。
Foratimeitwashopedthatthetwoquarter-boatswouldpresentlybeheardof，butthishopesuffereddisappointment。Theywentdownwithallonboard，nodoubt，notevensparingthatknightlychiefmate。
Theauthorsofthediariesallowedmetocopythemexactlyastheywerewritten，andtheextractsthatIhavegivenarewithoutanysmoothingoverorrevision。Thesediariesarefinelymodestandunaffected，andwithunconsciousandunintentionalarttheyrisetowardtheclimaxwithgraduatedandgatheringforceandswinganddramaticintensity；theysweepyoualongwithacumulativerush，andwhenthecryringsoutatlast，\'Landinsight！\'yourheartisinyourmouth，andforamomentyouthinkitisyouthathavebeensaved。Thelasttwoparagraphsarenotimprovablebyanybody\'sart；theyareliterarygold；andtheirverypausesanduncompletedsentenceshaveinthemaneloquencenotreachablebyanywords。
Theinterestofthisstoryisunquenchable；itisofthesortthattimecannotdecay。Ihavenotlookedatthediariesforthirty-twoyears，butIfindthattheyhavelostnothinginthattime。Lost？Theyhavegained；forbysomesubtlelawalltragichumanexperiencesgaininpathosbytheperspectiveoftime。WerealizethiswheninNapleswestandmusingoverthepoorPompeianmother，lostinthehistoricstormofvolcanicasheseighteencenturiesago，wholieswithherchildgrippedclosetoherbreast，tryingtosaveit，andwhosedespairandgriefhavebeenpreservedforusbythefieryenvelopewhichtookherlifebuteternalizedherformandfeatures。Shemovesus，shehauntsus，shestaysinourthoughtsformanydays，wedonotknowwhy，forsheisnothingtous，shehasbeennothingtoanyoneforeighteencenturies；
whereasofthelikecaseto-dayweshouldsay，\'Poorthing！itispitiful，\'andforgetitinanhour。
[1]Therearenineteendaysofvoyagingaheadyet——M。T。
[2]Sixdaystosailyet，nevertheless——M。T。
[3]Itwasatthistimediscoveredthatthecrazedsailorshadgottenthedelusionthatthecaptainhadamilliondollarsingoldconcealedaft，andtheywereconspiringtokillhimandthetwopassengersandseizeit——
M。T。
ATTHEAPPETITE-CURE
Thisestablishment\'snameisHochberghaus。ItisinBohemia，ashortday\'sjourneyfromVienna，andbeingintheAustrianEmpireisofcourseahealthresort。Theempireismadeupofhealthresorts；itdistributeshealthtothewholeworld。Itswatersareallmedicinal。Theyarebottledandsentthroughouttheearth；thenativesthemselvesdrinkbeer。
Thisisself-sacrificeapparently——butoutlanderswhohavedrunkViennabeerhaveanotherideaaboutit。ParticularlythePilsnerwhichonegetsinasmallcellarupanobscurebacklaneintheFirstBezirk——thenamehasescapedme，buttheplaceiseasilyfound：YouinquirefortheGreekchurch；andwhenyougettoit，gorightalongby——thenexthouseisthatlittlebeer-mill。Itisremotefromalltrafficandallnoise；itisalwaysSundaythere。Therearetwosmallrooms，withlowceilingssupportedbymassivearches；thearchesandceilingsarewhitewashed，otherwisetheroomswouldpassforcellsinthedungeonsofabastile。
Thefurnitureisplainandcheap，thereisnoornamentationanywhere；yetitisaheavenfortheself-sacrificers，forthebeerthereisincomparable；thereisnothinglikeitelsewhereintheworld。Inthefirstroomyouwillfindtwelveorfifteenladiesandgentlemenofcivilianquality；intheotheroneadozengeneralsandambassadors。OnemayliveinViennamanymonthsandnothearofthisplace；buthavingonceheardofitandsampledit，thesamplerwillafterwardinfestit。
However，thisisallincidental——amerepassingnoteofgratitudeforblessingsreceived——ithasnothingtodowithmysubject。Mysubjectishealthresorts。AllunhealthypeopleoughttodomicilethemselvesinVienna，andusethatasabase，makingflightsfromtimetotimetotheoutlyingresorts，accordingtoneed。AflighttoMarienbadtogetridoffat；aflighttoCarlsbadtogetridofrheumatism；aflighttoKalteneutgebentotakethewatercureandgetridoftherestofthediseases。Itisallsohandy。YoucanstandinViennaandtossabiscuitintoKaltenleutgeben，withatwelve-inchgun。Youcanrunoutthitheratanytimeoftheday；yougobyphenomenallyslowtrains，andyetinsideofanhouryouhaveexchangedtheglareandswelterofthecityforwoodedhills，andshadyforestpaths，andsoftcoolairs，andthemusicofbirds，andthereposeandthepeaceofparadise。
AndthereareplentyofotherhealthresortsatyourserviceandconvenienttogetatfromVienna；charmingplaces，allofthem；Viennasitsinthecentreofabeautifulworldofmountainswithnowandthenalakeandforests；infact，noothercityissofortunatelysituated。
Thereisanabundanceofhealthresorts，asIhavesaid。Amongthemthisplace——Hochberghaus。Itstandssolitaryonthetopofadenselywoodedmountain，andisabuildingofgreatsize。ItiscalledtheAppetiteAnstallt，andpeoplewhohavelosttheirappetitescomeheretogetthemrestored。WhenIarrivedIwastakenbyProfessorHaimbergertohisconsulting-roomandquestioned：
\'Itissixo\'clock。Whendidyoueatlast？\'
\'Atnoon。\'
\'Whatdidyoueat？\'
\'Nexttonothing。\'
\'Whatwasonthetable？\'
\'Theusualthings。\'
\'Chops，chickens，vegetables，andsoon？\'
\'Yes；butdon\'tmentionthem——Ican\'tbearit。\'
\'Areyoutiredofthem？\'
\'Oh，utterly。IwishImightneverhearofthemagain。\'
\'Themeresightoffoodoffendsyou，doesit？\'
\'More，itrevoltsme。\'
Thedoctorconsideredawhile，thengotoutalongmenuandranhiseyeslowlydownit。
\'Ithink，\'saidhe，\'thatwhatyouneedtoeatis——buthere，chooseforyourself。\'
Iglancedatthelist，andmystomachthrewahand-spring。Ofallthebarbarouslay-outsthatwereevercontrived，thiswasthemostatrocious。
Atthetopstood\'tough，underdone，overduetripe，garnishedwithgarlic；\'half-waydownthebillstood\'youngcat；oldcat；scrambledcat；\'atthebottomstood\'sailor-boots，softenedwithtallow——servedraw。\'Thewideintervalsofthebillwerepackedwithdishescalculatedtogagacannibal。Isaid：
\'Doctor，itisnotfairtojokeoversoseriousacaseasmine。Icameheretogetanappetite，nottothrowawaytheremnantthat\'sleft。\'
Hesaidgravely：\'Iamnotjoking；whyshouldIjoke？\'
\'ButIcan\'teatthesehorrors。\'
\'Whynot？\'
Hesaiditwithanaivetethatwasadmirable，whetheritwasrealorassumed。
\'Whynot？Because——why，doctor，formonthsIhaveseldombeenabletoendureanythingmoresubstantialthanomelettesandcustards。Theseunspeakabledishesofyours——\'
\'Oh，youwillcometolikethem。Theyareverygood。Andyoumusteatthem。Itisaruleoftheplace，andisstrict。Icannotpermitanydeparturefromit。\'
Isaidsmiling：\'Well，then，doctor，youwillhavetopermitthedepartureofthepatient。Iamgoing。\'
Helookedhurt，andsaidinawaywhichchangedtheaspectofthings：
\'Iamsureyouwouldnotdomethatinjustice。Iacceptedyouingoodfaith——youwillnotshamethatconfidence。Thisappetite-cureismywholeliving。Ifyoushouldgoforthfromitwiththesortofappetitewhichyounowhave，itcouldbecomeknown，andyoucansee，yourself，thatpeoplewouldsaymycurefailedinyourcaseandhencecanfailinothercases。Youwillnotgo；youwillnotdomethishurt。\'
IapologisedandsaidIwouldstay。
\'Thatisright。Iwassureyouwouldnotgo；itwouldtakethefoodfrommyfamily\'smouths。\'
\'Wouldtheymindthat？Dotheyeatthesefiendishthings？\'
\'They？Myfamily？\'Hiseyeswerefullofgentlewonder。\'Ofcoursenot。\'
\'Oh，theydon\'t！Doyou？\'
\'Certainlynot。\'
\'Isee。It\'sanothercaseofaphysicianwhodoesn\'ttakehisownmedicine。\'
\'Idon\'tneedit。Itissixhourssinceyoulunched。Willyouhavesuppernow——orlater？\'
\'Iamnothungry，butnowisasgoodatimeasany，andIwouldliketobedonewithitandhaveitoffmymind。Itisaboutmyusualtime，andregularityiscommandedbyalltheauthorities。Yes，Iwilltrytonibblealittlenow——Iwishalighthorsewhippingwouldanswerinstead。\'
Theprofessorhandedmethatodiousmenu。
\'Choose——orwillyouhaveitlater？\'
\'Oh，dearme，showmetomyroom；Iforgotyourhardrule。\'
\'Waitjustamomentbeforeyoufinallydecide。Thereisanotherrule。
Ifyouchoosenow，theorderwillbefilledatonce；butifyouwait，youwillhavetoawaitmypleasure。YoucannotgetadishfromthatentirebilluntilIconsent。\'
\'Allright。Showmetomyroom，andsendthecooktobed；thereisnotgoingtobeanyhurry。\'
Theprofessortookmeuponeflightofstairsandshowedmeintoamostinvitingandcomfortableapartmentconsistingofparlour，bedchamber，andbathroom。
Thefrontwindowslookedoutoverafar-reachingspreadofgreengladesandvalleys，andtumbledhillsclothedwithforests——anoblesolitudeunvexedbythefussyworld。Intheparlourweremanyshelvesfilledwithbooks。Theprofessorsaidhewouldnowleavemetomyself；andadded：
\'Smokeandreadasmuchasyouplease，drinkallthewateryoulike。
Whenyougethungry，ringandgiveyourorder，andIwilldecidewhetheritshallbefilledornot。Yoursisastubborn，badcase，andIthinkthefirstfourteendishesinthebillareeachandalltoodelicateforitsneeds。Iaskyouasafavourtorestrainyourselfandnotcallforthem。\'
\'Restrainmyself，isit？Giveyourselfnouneasiness。Youaregoingtosavemoneybyme。Theideaofcoaxingasickman\'sappetitebackwiththisbuzzard-fareisclearinsanity。\'
Isaiditwithbitterness，forIfeltoutragedbythiscalm，coldtalkovertheseheartlessnewenginesofassassination。Thedoctorlookedgrieved，butnotoffended。Helaidthebilloffareofthecommodeatmybed\'shead，\'sothatitwouldbehandy，\'andsaid：
\'YoursisnottheworstcaseIhaveencountered，byanymeans；stillitisabadoneandrequiresrobusttreatment；thereforeIshallbegratifiedifyouwillrestrainyourselfandskipdowntoNo。15andbeginwiththat。\'
ThenheleftmeandIbegantoundress，forIwasdog-tiredandverysleepy。Isleptfifteenhoursandwokeupfinelyrefreshedattenthenextmorning。Viennacoffee！ItwasthefirstthingIthoughtof——thatunapproachableluxury——thatsumptuouscoffee-housecoffee，comparedwithwhichallotherEuropeancoffeeandallAmericanhotelcoffeeismerefluidpoverty。Irang，andorderedit；alsoViennabread，thatdeliciousinvention。Theservantspokethroughthewicketinthedoorandsaid——
butyouknowwhathesaid。Hereferredmetothebilloffare。
Iallowedhimtogo——Ihadnofurtheruseforhim。
AfterthebathIdressedandstartedforawalk，andgotasfarasthedoor。Itwaslockedontheoutside。Irang，andtheservantcameandexplainedthatitwasanotherrule。Theseclusionofthepatientwasrequireduntilafterthefirstmeal。Ihadnotbeenparticularlyanxioustogetoutbefore；butitwasdifferentnow。Beinglockedinmakesapersonwishfultogetout。Isoonbegantofinditdifficulttoputinthetime。Attwoo\'clockIhadbeentwenty-sixhourswithoutfood。I
hadbeengrowinghungryforsometime；IrecognisedthatIwasnotonlyhungrynow，buthungrywithastrongadjectiveinfrontofit。YetIwasnothungryenoughtofacethebilloffare。
Imustputinthetimesomehow。Iwouldreadandsmoke。Ididit；hourbyhour。Thebookswereallofonebreed——shipwrecks；peoplelostindeserts；peopleshutupincaved-inmines；peoplestarvinginbesiegedcities。Ireadaboutalltherevoltingdishesthateverfamishingmenhadstayedtheirhungerwith。Duringthefirsthoursthesethingsnauseatedme：hoursfollowedinwhichtheydidnotsoaffectme；stillotherhoursfollowedinwhichIfoundmyselfsmackingmylipsoversometolerablyinfernalmesses。WhenIhadbeenwithoutfoodforty-fivehoursIraneagerlytothebellandorderedtheseconddishinthebill，whichwasasortofdumplingscontainingacompostmadeofcaviarandtar。
Itwasrefusedme。DuringthenextfifteenhoursIvisitedthebelleverynowandthenandorderedadishthatwasfurtherdownthelist。
Alwaysarefusal。ButIwasconqueringprejudiceafterprejudice，rightalong；Iwasmakingsureprogress；IwascreepinguponNo。15withdeadlycertainty，andmyheartbeatfasterandfaster，myhopesrosehigherandhigher。
Atlastwhenfoodhadnotpassedmylipsforsixtyhours，victorywasmine，andIorderedNo。15：
\'Soft-boiledspringchicken——intheegg；sixdozen，hotandfragrant！\'
Infifteenminutesitwasthere；andthedoctoralongwithit，rubbinghishandswithjoy。Hesaidwithgreatexcitement：
\'It\'sacure，it\'sacure！IknewIcoulddoit。Dearsir，mygrandsystemneverfailed——never。You\'vegotyourappetiteback——youknowyouhave；sayitandmakemehappy。\'
\'Bringonyourcarrion——Icaneatanythinginthebill！\'
\'Oh，thisisnoble，thisissplendid——butIknewIcoulddoit，thesystemneverfails。Howarethebirds？\'
\'Neverwasanythingsodeliciousintheworld；andyetasaruleIdon\'tcareforgame。Butdon\'tinterruptme，don\'t——Ican\'tsparemymouth，I
reallycan\'t。\'
Thenthedoctorsaid：
\'Thecureisperfect。Thereisnomoredoubtnordanger。Letthepoultryalone；Icantrustyouwithabeefsteak，now。\'
Thebeefsteakcame——asmuchasabasketfulofit——withpotatoes，andViennabreadandcoffee；andIateamealthenthatwasworthallthecostlypreparationIhadmadeforit。Anddrippedtearsofgratitudeintothegravyallthetime——gratitudetothedoctorforputtingalittleplaincommon-senseintomewhenIhadbeenemptyofitsomany，manyyears。
II
ThirtyyearsagoHaimbergerwentoffonalongvoyageinasailing-ship。
Therewerefifteenpassengersonboard。Thetable-farewasoftheregulationpatternoftheday：At7inthemorning，acupofbadcoffeeinbed；at9，breakfast：badcoffee，withcondensedmilk；soggyrolls，crackers，saltfish；at1P。M。，luncheon：coldtongue，coldham，coldcornedbeef，soggycoldrolls，crackers；5P。M。，dinner：thickpeasoup，saltfish，hotcornedbeefandsourkraut，boiledporkandbeans，pudding；9till11P。M。，supper：tea，withcondensedmilk，coldtongue，coldham，pickles，sea-biscuit，pickledoysters，pickledpigs\'feet，grilledbones，goldenbuck。
Attheendofthefirstweekeatinghadceased，nibblinghadtakenitsplace。Thepassengerscametothetable，butitwaspartlytoputinthetime，andpartlybecausethewisdomoftheagescommandedthemtoberegularintheirmeals。Theyweretiredofthecoarseandmonotonousfare，andtooknointerestinit，hadnoappetiteforit。Alldayandeverydaytheyroamedtheshiphalfhungry，plaguedbytheirgnawingstomachs，moody，untalkative，miserable。Amongthemwerethreeconfirmeddyspeptics。Thesebecameshadowsinthecourseofthreeweeks。Therewasalsoabed-riddeninvalid；helivedonboiledrice；hecouldnotlookattheregulardishes。
Nowcameshipwrecksandlifeinopenboats，withtheusualpaucityoffood。Provisionsranlowerandlower。Theappetitesimproved，then。
Whennothingwasleftbutrawhamandtherationofthatwasdowntotwoouncesadayperperson，theappetiteswereperfect。Attheendoffifteendaysthedyspeptics，theinvalid，andthemostdelicateladiesinthepartywerechewingsailor-bootsinecstasy，andonlycomplainingbecausethesupplyofthemwaslimited。Yetthesewerethesamepeoplewhocouldn\'tenduretheship\'stediouscornedbeefandsourkrautandothercrudities。TheywererescuedbyanEnglishvessel。Withintendaysthewholefifteenwereinasgoodconditionastheyhadbeenwhentheshipwreckoccurred。
\'Theyhadsufferednodamagebytheiradventure，\'saidtheprofessor。
\'Doyounotethat？\'
\'Yes。\'
\'Doyounoteitwell？\'
\'Yes——IthinkIdo。\'
\'Butyoudon\'t。Youhesitate。Youdon\'trisetotheimportanceofit。
Iwillsayitagain——withemphasis——notoneofthemsufferedanydamage。\'
\'NowIbegintosee。Yes，itwasindeedremarkable。\'
\'Nothingofthekind。Itwasperfectlynatural。Therewasnoreasonwhytheyshouldsufferdamage。TheywereundergoingNature\'sAppetite-Cure，thebestandwisestintheworld。\'
\'Isthatwhereyougotyouridea？\'
\'ThatiswhereIgotit。\'
\'Ittaughtthosepeopleavaluablelesson。\'
\'Whatmakesyouthinkthat？\'
\'Whyshouldn\'tI？Youseemtothinkittaughtyouone。\'
\'Thatisnothingtothepoint。Iamnotafool。\'
\'Isee。Weretheyfools？\'
\'Theywerehumanbeings。\'
\'Isitthesamething？\'
\'Whydoyouask？Youknowityourself。Asregardshishealth——andtherestofthethings——theaveragemaniswhathisenvironmentandhissuperstitionshavemadehim；andtheirfunctionistomakehimanass。
Hecan\'taddupthreeorfournewcircumstancestogetherandperceivewhattheymean；itisbeyondhim。Heisnotcapableofobservingforhimself；hehastogeteverythingatsecond-hand。Ifwhataremiscalledtheloweranimalswereassillyasmanis，theywouldallperishfromtheearthinayear。\'
\'Thosepassengerslearnednolesson，then？\'
\'Notasignofit。TheywenttotheirregularmealsintheEnglishship，andprettysoontheywerenibblingagain——nibbling，appetiteless，disgustedwiththefood，moody，miserable，halfhungry，theiroutragedstomachscursingandswearingandwhiningandsupplicatingalldaylong。
Andinvain，fortheywerethestomachsoffools。\'
\'Then，asIunderstandit，yourschemeis——\'
\'Quitesimple。Don\'teatuntilyouarehungry。Ifthefoodfailstotastegood，failstosatisfyyou，rejoiceyou，comfortyou，don\'teatagainuntilyouareveryhungry。Thenitwillrejoiceyou——anddoyougood，too。\'
\'AndIamtoobservenoregularity，astohours？\'
\'Whenyouareconqueringabadappetite——no。Afteritisconquered，regularityisnoharm，solongastheappetiteremainsgood。Assoonastheappetitewavers，applythecorrectiveagain——whichisstarvation，longorshortaccordingtotheneedsofthecase。\'
\'Thebestdiet，Isuppose——Imeanthewholesomest——\'
\'Alldietsarewholesome。Somearewholesomerthanothers，butalltheordinarydietsarewholesomeenoughforthepeoplewhousethem。Whetherthefoodbefineorcoarseitwilltastegoodanditwillnourishifawatchbekeptupontheappetiteandalittlestarvationintroducedeverytimeitweakens。Nansenwasusedtofinefare，butwhenhismealswererestrictedtobear-meatmonthsatatimehesufferednodamageandnodiscomfort，becausehisappetitewaskeptatparthroughthedifficultyofgettinghisbear-meatregularly。\'
\'Butdoctorsarrangecarefullyconsideredanddelicatedietsforinvalids。\'
\'Theycan\'thelpit。Theinvalidisfullofinheritedsuperstitionsandwon\'tstarvehimself。Hebelievesitwouldcertainlykillhim。\'
\'Itwouldweakenhim，wouldn\'tit？\'
\'Nothingtohurt。Lookattheinvalidsinourshipwreck。Theylivedfifteendaysonpinchesofrawham，asuckatsailor-boots，andgeneralstarvation。Itweakenedthem，butitdidn\'thurtthem。Itputtheminfineshapetoeatheartilyofheartyfoodandbuildthemselvesuptoaconditionofrobusthealth。Buttheydidnotknowenoughtoprofitbythat；theylosttheiropportunity；theyremainedinvalids；itservedthemright。Doyouknowthetrickthatthehealth-resortdoctorsplay？\'
\'Whatisit？\'
\'Mysystemdisguised——covertstarvation。Grape-cure，bath-cure，mud-
cure——itisallthesame。Thegrapeandthebathandthemudmakeashowanddoatrifleofthework——therealworkisdonebythesurreptitiousstarvation。Thepatientaccustomedtofourmealsandlatehours——atbothendsoftheday——nowconsiderwhathehastodoatahealthresort。Hegetsupat6inthemorning。Eatsoneegg。Trampsupanddownapromenadetwohourswiththeotherfools。Eatsabutterfly。Slowlydrinksaglassoffilteredsewagethatsmellslikeabuzzard\'sbreath。
Promenadesanothertwohours，butalone；ifyouspeaktohimhesaysanxiously，\"Mywater！——Iamwalkingoffmywater！——pleasedon\'tinterrupt，\"andgoesstumpingalongagain。Eatsacandiedroseleaf。
Liesatrestinthesilenceandsolitudeofhisroomforhours；mustn\'tread，mustn\'tsmoke。Thedoctorcomesandfeelsofhisheart，now，andhispulse，andthumpshisbreastandhisbackandhisstomach，andlistensforresultsthroughapennyflageolet；thenorderstheman\'sbath——halfadegree，Reaumur，coolerthanyesterday。Afterthebathanotheregg。Aglassofsewageatthreeorfourintheafternoon，andpromenadesolemnlywiththeotherfreaks。Dinnerat6——halfadoughnutandacupoftea。Walkagain。Half-past8，supper——morebutterfly；at9，tobed。Sixweeksofthisregime——thinkofit。Itstarvesamanoutandputshiminsplendidcondition。ItwouldhavethesameeffectinLondon，NewYork，Jericho——anywhere。\'
\'Howlongdoesittaketoputapersoninconditionhere？\'
\'Itoughttotakebutadayortwo；butinfactittakesfromonetosixweeks，accordingtothecharacterandmentalityofthepatient。\'
\'Howisthat？\'
\'Doyouseethatcrowdofwomenplayingfootball，andboxing，andjumpingfencesyonder？Theyhavebeenheresixorsevenweeks。Theywerespectralpoorweaklingswhentheycame。Theywereaccustomedtonibblingatdaintiesanddelicaciesatsethoursfourtimesaday，andtheyhadnoappetiteforanything。Iquestionedthem，andthenlockedthemintotheirrooms——thefrailestonestostarvenineortenhours，theotherstwelveorfifteen。Beforelongtheybegantobeg；andindeedtheysufferedagooddeal。Theycomplainedofnausea，headache，andsoon。
Itwasgoodtoseethemeatwhenthetimewasup。Theycouldnotrememberwhenthedevouringofamealhadaffordedthemsuchrapture——
thatwastheirword。Now，then，thatoughttohaveendedtheircure，butitdidn\'t。Theywerefreetogotoanymealsinthehouse，andtheychosetheiraccustomedfour。WithinadayortwoIhadtointerfere。
Theirappetiteswereweakening。Imadethemknockoutameal。Thatsetthemupagain。Thentheyresumedthefour。Ibeggedthemtolearntoknockoutamealthemselves，withoutwaitingforme。Uptoafortnightagotheycouldn\'t；theyreallyhadn\'tmanhoodenough；buttheyweregainingit，andnowIthinktheyaresafe。Theydropoutamealeverynowandthenoftheirownaccord。Theyareinfineconditionnow，andtheymightsafelygohome，Ithink，buttheirconfidenceisnotquiteperfectyet，sotheyarewaitingawhile。\'
\'Othercasesaredifferent？\'
\'Ohyes。Sometimesamanlearnsthewholetrickinaweek。Learnstoregulatehisappetiteandkeepitinperfectorder。Learnstodropoutamealwithfrequencyandnotmindit。\'
\'Butwhydroptheentiremealout？Whynotapartofit？\'
\'It\'sapoordevice，andinadequate。Ifthestomachdoesn\'tcallvigorously——withashout，asyoumaysay——itisbetternottopesteritbutjustgiveitarealrest。Somepeoplecaneatmoremealsthanothers，andstillthrive。Thereareallsortsofpeople，andallsortsofappetites。Iwillshowyouamanpresentlywhowasaccustomedtonibbleateightmealsaday。Itwasbeyondthepropergaitofhisappetitebytwo。Ihavegothimdowntosixaday，now，andheisallright，andenjoyslife。Howmanymealstoyouaffectperday？\'
\'Formerly——fortwenty-twoyears——amealandahalf；duringthepasttwoyears，twoandahalf：coffeeandarollat9，luncheonat1，dinnerat7。30or8。\'
\'Formerlyamealandahalf——thatis，coffeeandarollat9，dinnerintheevening，nothingbetween——isthatit？
\'Yes。\'
\'Whydidyouaddameal？\'
\'Itwasthefamily\'sidea。Theywereuneasy。TheythoughtIwaskillingmyself。\'
\'Youfoundamealandahalfperdayenough，allthroughthetwenty-twoyears？\'
\'Plenty。\'
\'Yourpresentpoorconditionisduetotheextrameal。Dropitout。Youaretryingtoeatoftenerthanyourstomachdemands。Youdon\'tgain，youlose。Youeatlessfoodnow，inaday，ontwoandahalfmeals，thanyouformerlyateononeandahalf。\'
\'True——agooddealless；forinthoseoldsdaysmydinnerwasaverysizeablething。\'
\'Putyourselfonasinglemealaday，now——dinner——forafewdays，tillyousecureagood，sound，regular，trustworthyappetite，thentaketoyouroneandahalfpermanently，anddon\'tlistentothefamilyanymore。
Whenyouhaveanyordinaryailment，particularlyofafeverishsort，eatnothingatallduringtwenty-fourhours。Thatwillcureit。Itwillcurethestubbornestcoldinthehead，too。Nocoldintheheadcansurvivetwenty-fourhours\'unmodifiedstarvation。\'
Iknowit。Ihaveproveditmanyatime。
CONCERNINGTHEJEWS
SomemonthsagoIpublishedamagazinearticle[1]descriptiveofaremarkablesceneintheImperialParliamentinVienna。SincethenIhavereceivedfromJewsinAmericaseverallettersofinquiry。Theyweredifficultletterstoanswer，fortheywerenotverydefinite。ButatlastIhavereceivedadefiniteone。Itisfromalawyer，andhereallyasksthequestionswhichtheotherwritersprobablybelievedtheywereasking。ByhelpofthistextIwilldothebestIcantopubliclyanswerthiscorrespondent，andalsotheothers——atthesametimeapologisingforhavingfailedtoreplyprivately。Thelawyer\'sletterreadsasfollows：
\'Ihaveread\"StirringTimesinAustria。\"Onepointinparticularisofvitalimporttonotafewthousandpeople，includingmyself，beingapointaboutwhichIhaveoftenwantedtoaddressaquestiontosomedisinterestedperson。TheshowofmilitaryforceintheAustrianParliament，whichprecipitatedtheriots，wasnotintroducedbyanyJew。NoJewwasamemberofthatbody。NoJewishquestionwasinvolvedintheAusgleichorinthelanguageproposition。NoJewwasinsultinganybody。Inshort，noJewwasdoinganymischieftowardanybodywhatsoever。Infact，theJewsweretheonlyonesofthenineteendifferentracesinAustriawhichdidnothaveaparty——theyareabsolutenon-participants。Yetinyourarticleyousaythatintheriotingwhichfollowed，allclassesofpeoplewereunanimousonlyononething，viz。，inbeingagainsttheJews。Now，willyoukindlytellmewhy，inyourjudgment，theJewshavethuseverbeen，andareevennow，inthesedaysofsupposedintelligence，thebuttofbaseless，viciousanimosities？
Idaresaythatforcenturiestherehasbeennomorequiet，undisturbing，andwell-behavingcitizen，asaclass，thanthatsameJew。Itseemstomethatignoranceandfanaticismcannotaloneaccountforthesehorribleandunjustpersecutions。
\'Tellme，therefore，fromyourvantagepointofcoldview，whatinyourmindisthecause。CanAmericanJewsdoanythingtocorrectiteitherinAmericaorabroad？Willitevercometoanend？WillaJewbepermittedtolivehonestly，decently，andpeaceablyliketherestofmankind？WhathasbecomeoftheGoldenRule？\'
IwillbeginbysayingthatifIthoughtmyselfprejudicedagainsttheJew，Ishouldholditfairesttoleavethissubjecttoapersonnotcrippledinthatway。ButIthinkIhavenosuchprejudice。AfewyearsagoaJewobservedtomethattherewasnouncourteousreferencetohispeopleinmybooks，andaskedhowithappened。Ithappenedbecausethedispositionwaslacking。IamquitesurethatbaroneIhavenoraceprejudices，andIthinkIhavenocolourprejudicesnorcasteprejudicesnorcreedprejudices。Indeed，Iknowit。Icanstandanysociety。AllthatIcaretoknowisthatamanisahumanbeing——thatisenoughforme；hecan\'tbeanyworse。IhavenospecialregardforSatan；butIcanatleastclaimthatIhavenoprejudiceagainsthim。ItmayevenbethatIleanalittlehisway，onaccountofhisnothavingafairshow。AllreligionsissueBiblesagainsthim，andsaythemostinjuriousthingsabouthim，butweneverhearhisside。Wehavenonebuttheevidencefortheprosecution，andyetwehaverenderedtheverdict。Tomymind，thisisirregular。Itisun-English；itisun-American；itisFrench。
WithoutthisprecedentDreyfuscouldnothavebeencondemned。OfcourseSatanhassomekindofacase，itgoeswithoutsaying。Itmaybeapoorone，butthatisnothing；thatcanbesaidaboutanyofus。AssoonasI
cangetatthefactsIwillundertakehisrehabilitationmyself，ifIcanfindanunpoliticpublisher。Itisathingwhichweoughttobewillingtodoforanyonewhoisunderacloud。WemaynotpaySatanreverence，forthatwouldbeindiscreet，butwecanatleastrespecthistalents。
Apersonwhohasduringalltimemaintainedtheimposingpositionofspiritualheadoffour-fifthsofthehumanrace，andpoliticalheadofthewholeofit，mustbegrantedthepossessionofexecutiveabilitiesoftheloftiestorder。Inhislargepresencetheotherpopesandpoliticiansshrinktomidgesforthemicroscope。Iwouldliketoseehim。IwouldratherseehimandshakehimbythetailthananyothermemberoftheEuropeanConcert。InthepresentpaperIshallallowmyselftousethewordJewasifitstoodforbothreligionandrace。Itishandy；and，besides，thatiswhatthetermmeanstothegeneralworld。
Intheaboveletteronenotesthesepoints：
1。TheJewisawell-behavedcitizen。
2。Canignoranceandfanaticismaloneaccountforhisunjusttreatment？
3。CanJewsdoanythingtoimprovethesituation？
4。TheJewshavenoparty；theyarenon-participants。
5。Willthepersecutionevercometoanend？
6。WhathasbecomeoftheGoldenRule？
PointNo。1——WemustgrantpropositionNo。1，forseveralsufficientreasons。TheJewisnotadisturberofthepeaceofanycountry。Evenhisenemieswillconcedethat。Heisnotaloafer，heisnotasot，heisnotnoisy，heisnotabrawlernorarioter，heisnotquarrelsome。
Inthestatisticsofcrimehispresenceisconspicuouslyrare——inallcountries。Withmurderandothercrimesofviolencehehasbutlittletodo：heisastrangertothehangman。Inthepolicecourt\'sdailylongrollof\'assaults\'and\'drunkanddisorderlies\'hisnameseldomappears。
ThattheJewishhomeisahomeinthetruestsenseisafactwhichnoonewilldispute。Thefamilyisknittedtogetherbythestrongestaffections；itsmembersshoweachothereveryduerespect；andreverencefortheeldersisaninviolatelawofthehouse。TheJewisnotaburdenonthecharitiesofthestatenorofthecity；thesecouldceasefromtheirfunctionswithoutaffectinghim。Whenheiswellenough，heworks；
whenheisincapacitated，hisownpeopletakecareofhim。Andnotinapoorandstingyway，butwithafineandlargebenevolence。Hisraceisentitledtobecalledthemostbenevolentofalltheracesofmen。A
Jewishbeggarisnotimpossible，perhaps；suchathingmayexist，buttherearefewmenthatcansaytheyhaveseenthatspectacle。TheJewhasbeenstagedinmanyuncomplimentaryforms，but，sofarasIknow，nodramatisthasdonehimtheinjusticetostagehimasabeggar。WheneveraJewhasrealneedtobeg，hispeoplesavehimfromthenecessityofdoingit。ThecharitableinstitutionsoftheJewsaresupportedbyJewishmoney，andamply。TheJewsmakenonoiseaboutit；itisdonequietly；theydonotnagandpesterandharassusforcontributions；theygiveuspeace，andsetusanexample——anexamplewhichhehavenotfoundourselvesabletofollow；forbynaturewearenotfreegivers，andhavetobepatientlyandpersistentlyhunteddownintheinterestoftheunfortunate。
ThesefactsareallonthecreditsideofthepropositionthattheJewisagoodandorderlycitizen。Summedup，theycertifythatheisquiet，peaceable，industrious，unaddictedtohighcrimesandbrutaldispositions；thathisfamilylifeiscommendable；thatheisnotaburdenuponpubliccharities；thatheisnotabeggar；thatinbenevolenceheisabovethereachofcompetition。Thesearetheveryquintessentialsofgoodcitizenship。Ifyoucanaddthatheisashonestastheaverageofhisneighbours——ButIthinkthatquestionisaffirmativelyansweredbythefactthatheisasuccessfulbusinessman。
Thebasisofsuccessfulbusinessishonesty；abusinesscannotthrivewherethepartiestoitcannottrusteachother。InthematterofnumberstheJewcountsforlittleintheoverwhelmingpopulationofNewYork；butthathishonestcountsformuchisguaranteedbythefactthattheimmensewholesalebusinessofBroadway，fromtheBatterytoUnionSquare，issubstantiallyinhishands。
Isupposethatthemostpicturesqueexampleinhistoryofatrader\'strustinhisfellow-traderwasonewhereitwasnotChristiantrustingChristian，butChristiantrustingJew。ThatHessianDukewhousedtosellhissubjectstoGeorgeIII。tofightGeorgeWashingtonwithgotrichatit；andby-and-by，whenthewarsengenderedbytheFrenchRevolutionmadehisthronetoowarmforhim，hewasobligedtoflythecountry。Hewasinahurry，andhadtoleavehisearningsbehind——$9，000，000。Hehadtoriskthemoneywithsomeonewithoutsecurity。HedidnotselectaChristian，butaJew——aJewofonlymodestmeans，butofhighcharacter；
acharactersohighthatitlefthimlonesome——RothschildofFrankfort。
Thirtyyearslater，whenEuropehadbecomequietandsafeagain，theDukecamebackfromoverseas，andtheJewreturnedtheloan，withinterestadded。[2]
TheJewhashisotherside。Hehassomediscreditableways，thoughhehasnotamonopolyofthem，becausehecannotgetentirelyridofvexatiousChristiancompetition。Wehaveseenthatheseldomtransgressesthelawsagainstcrimesofviolence。Indeed，hisdealingswithcourtsarealmostrestrictedtomattersconnectedwithcommerce。Hehasareputationforvarioussmallformsofcheating，andforpractisingoppressiveusury，andforburninghimselfouttogettheinsurance，andforarrangingcunningcontractswhichleavehimanexitbutlocktheothermanin，andforsmartevasionswhichfindhimsafeandcomfortablejustwithinthestrictletterofthelaw，whencourtandjuryknowverywellthathehasviolatedthespiritofit。Heisafrequentandfaithfulandcapableofficerinthecivilservice，butheischargedwithanunpatrioticdisinclinationtostandbytheflagasasoldier——liketheChristianQuaker。
Nowifyouoffsetthesediscreditablefeaturesbythecreditableonessummarisedinaprecedingparagraphbeginningwiththewords，\'Thesefactsareallonthecreditside，\'andstrikeabalance，whatmusttheverdictbe？This，Ithink：that，themeritsanddemeritsbeingfairlyweighedandmeasuredonbothsides，theChristiancanclaimnosuperiorityovertheJewinthematterofgoodcitizenship。
Yetinallcountries，fromthedawnofhistory，theJewhasbeenpersistentlyandimplacablyhated，andwithfrequencypersecuted。
PointNo。2——\'Canfanaticismaloneaccountforthis？\'
YearsagoIusedtothinkthatitwasresponsiblefornearlyallofit，butlatterlyIhavecometothinkthatthiswasanerror。Indeed，itisnowmyconvictionthatitisresponsibleforhardlyanyofit。
InthisconnectionIcalltomindGenesis，chapterxlvii。
Wehaveallthoughtfully——orunthoughtfully——readthepatheticstoryoftheyearsofplentyandtheyearsoffamineinEgypt，andhowJoseph，withthatopportunity，madeacornerinbrokenhearts，andthecrustsofthepoor，andhumanliberty——acornerwherebyhetookanation\'smoneyallaway，tothelastpenny；tookanation\'slivestockallaway，tothelasthoof；tookanation\'slandaway，tothelastacre；thentookthenationitself，buyingitforbread，manbyman，womanbywoman，childbychild，tillallwereslaves；acornerwhichtookeverything，leftnothing；acornersostupendousthat，bycomparisonwithit，themostgiganticcornersinsubsequenthistoryarebutbabythings，foritdealtinhundredsofmillionsofbushels，anditsprofitswerereckonablebyhundredsofmillionsofdollars，anditwasadisastersocrushingthatitseffectshavenotwhollydisappearedfromEgyptto-day，morethanthreethousandyearsaftertheevent。
IsitpresumablythattheeyeofEgyptwasuponJosephtheforeignJewallthistime？Ithinkitlikely。Wasitfriendly？Wemustdoubtit。
WasJosephestablishingacharacterforhisracewhichwouldsurvivelonginEgypt？andintimewouldhisnamecometobefamiliarlyusedtoexpressthatcharacter——likeShylock\'s？Itishardlytobedoubted。LetusrememberthatthiswascenturiesbeforetheCrucifixion？
IwishtocomedowneighteenhundredyearslaterandrefertoaremarkmadebyoneoftheLatinhistorians。Ireaditinatranslationmanyyearsago，anditcomesbacktomenowwithforce。ItwasalludingtoatimewhenpeoplewerestilllivingwhocouldhaveseentheSaviourintheflesh。ChristianitywassonewthatthepeopleofRomehadhardlyheardofit，andhadbutconfusednotionsofwhatitwas。Thesubstanceoftheremarkwasthis：SomeChristianswerepersecutedinRomethrougherror，theybeing\'mistakenforJews。\'
Themeaningseemsplain。ThesepaganshadnothingagainstChristians，buttheywerequitereadytopersecuteJews。ForsomereasonorothertheyhatedaJewbeforetheyevenknewwhataChristianwas。MayInotassume，then，thatthepersecutionofJewsisathingwhichantedatesChristianityandwasnotbornofChristianity？Ithinkso。Whatwastheoriginofthefeeling？
WhenIwasaboy，inthebacksettlementsoftheMississippiValley，whereagraciousandbeautifulSundayschoolsimplicityandpracticalityprevailed，the\'Yankee\'citizenoftheNewEnglandStateswashatedwithasplendidenergy。Butreligionhadnothingtodowithit。Inatrade，theYankeewasheldtobeaboutfivetimesthematchoftheWesterner。Hisshrewdness，hisinsight，hisjudgment，hisknowledge，hisenterprise，andhisformidableclevernessinapplyingtheseforceswerefranklyconfessed，andmostcompetentlycursed。
InthecottonStates，afterthewar，thesimpleandignorantNegroesmadethecropsforthewhiteplanteronshares。TheJewcamedowninforce，setupshopontheplantation，suppliedallthenegro\'swantsoncredit，andattheendoftheseasonwasproprietorofthenegro\'sshareofthepresentcropandofpartofhisshareofthenextone。Beforelong，thewhitesdetestedtheJew，anditisdoubtfulifthenegrolovedhim。
TheJewisbeginlegislatedoutofRussia。Thereasonisnotconcealed。
ThemovementwasinstitutedbecausetheChristianpeasantandvillagerstoodnochanceagainsthiscommercialabilities。Hewasalwaysreadytolendmoneyonacrop，andsellvodkaandothernecessitiesoflifeoncreditwhilethecropwasgrowing。Whensettlementdaycameheownedthecrop；andnextyearoryearafterheownedthefarm，likeJoseph。
InthedullandignorantEnglishofJohn\'stimeeverybodygotintodebttotheJew。Hegatheredalllucrativeenterprisesintohishands；hewasthekingofcommerce；hewasreadytobehelpfulinallprofitableways；
heevenfinancedcrusadesfortherescueoftheSepulchre。Towipeouthisaccountwiththenationandrestorebusinesstoitsnaturalandincompetentchannelshehadtobebanishedtherealm。
ForthelikereasonsSpainhadtobanishhimfourhundredyearsago，andAustriaaboutacoupleofcenturieslater。
InalltheagesChristianEuropehasbeenobligetocurtailhisactivities。Ifheentereduponamechanicaltrade，theChristianhadtoretirefromit。Ifhesetupasadoctor，hewasthebestone，andhetookthebusiness。Ifheexploitedagriculture，theotherfarmershadtogetatsomethingelse。Sincetherewasnowaytosuccessfullycompetewithhiminanyvocation，thelawhadtostepinandsavetheChristianfromthepoor-house。TradeaftertradewastakenawayfromtheJewbystatutetillpracticallynonewasleft。Hewasforbiddentoengageinagriculture；hewasforbiddentopractiselaw；hewasforbiddentopractisemedicine，exceptamongJews；hewasforbiddenthehandicrafts。
Eventheseatsoflearningandtheschoolsofsciencehadtobeclosedagainstthistremendousantagonist。Still，almostbereftofemployments，hefoundwaystomakemoney，evenwaystogetrich。Alsowaystoinvesthistakingswell，forusurywasnotdeniedhim。Inthehardconditionssuggested，theJewwithoutbrainscouldnotsurvive，andtheJewwithbrainshadtokeepthemingoodtrainingandwellsharpenedup，orstarve。Agesofrestrictiontotheonetoolwhichthelawwasnotabletotakefromhim——hisbrain——havemadethattoolsingularlycompetent；
agesofcompulsorydisuseofhishandshaveatrophiedthem，andheneverusesthemnow。Thishistoryhasavery，verycommerciallook，amostsordidandpracticalcommerciallook，thebusinessaspectofaChinesecheap-labourcrusade。Religiousprejudicesmayaccountforonepartofit，butnotfortheothernine。
ProtestantshavepersecutedCatholics，buttheydidnottaketheirlivelihoodsawayfromthem。TheCatholicshavepersecutedtheProtestantswithbloodyandawfulbitterness，buttheyneverclosedagricultureandthehandicraftsagainstthem。Whywasthat？Thathasthecandidlookofgenuinereligiouspersecution，notatrade-unionboycottinareligiousdispute。
TheJewsareharriedandobstructedinAustriaandGermany，andlatelyinFrance；butEnglandandAmericagivethemanopenfieldandyetsurvive。
Scotlandoffersthemanunembarrassedfieldtoo，buttherearenotmanytakers。ThereareafewJewsinGlasgow，andoneinAberdeen；butthatisbecausetheycan\'tearnenoughtogetaway。TheScotchpaythemselvesthatcompliment，butitisauthentic。
IfeelconvincedthattheCrucifixionhasnotmuchtodowiththeworld\'sattitudetowardtheJew；thatthereasonsforitareolderthanthatevent，assuggestedbyEgypt\'sexperienceandbyRome\'sregretforhavingpersecutedanunknownquantitycalledaChristian，underthemistakenimpressionthatshewasmerelypersecutingaJew。MerelyaJew——askinnedeelwhowasusedtoit，presumably。IampersuadedthatinRussia，Austria，andGermanynine-tenthsofthehostilitytotheJewcomesfromtheaverageChristian\'sinabilitytocompetesuccessfullywiththeaverageJewinbusiness——ineitherstraightbusinessorthequestionablesort。
InBerlin，afewyearsago，IreadaspeechwhichfranklyurgedtheexpulsionoftheJewsfromGermany；andtheagitator\'sreasonwasasfrankashisproposition。Itwasthis：thateighty-fivepercentofthesuccessfullawyersofBerlinwereJews，andthataboutthesamepercentageofthegreatandlucrativebusinessesofallsortsinGermanywereinthehandsoftheJewishrace！Isn\'titanamazingconfession？
Itwasbutanotherwayofsayingthatinapopulationof48，000，000，ofwhomonly500，000wereregisteredasJews，eighty-fivepercentofthebrainsandhonestyofthewholewaslodgedintheJews。Imustinsistuponthehonesty——itisanessentialofsuccessfulbusiness，takenbyandlarge。Ofcourseitdoesnotruleoutrascalsentirely，evenamongChristians，butitisagoodworkingrule，nevertheless。Thespeaker\'sfiguresmayhavebeeninexact，butthemotiveofpersecutionstandsoutasclearasday。
ThemanclaimedthatinBerlinthebanks，thenewspapers，thetheatres，thegreatmercantile，shipping，mining，andmanufacturinginterests，thebigarmyandcitycontracts，thetramways，andprettymuchallotherpropertiesofhighvalue，andalsothesmallbusinesses，wereinthehandsoftheJews。HesaidtheJewwaspushingtheChristiantothewallallalongtheline；thatitwasallaChristiancoulddotoscrapetogetheraliving；andthattheJewmustbebanished，andsoon——therewasnootherwayofsavingtheChristian。HereinVienna，lastautumn，anagitatorsaidthatallthesedisastrousdetailsweretrueofAustria-
Hungaryalso；andinfiercelanguagehedemandedtheexpulsionoftheJews。Whenpoliticianscomeoutwithoutablushandreadthebabyactinthisfrankway，unrebuked，itisaverygoodindicationthattheyhaveamarketbackofthem，andknowwheretofishforvotes。
Younotethecrucialpointofthementionedagitation；theargumentisthattheChristiancannotcompetewiththeJew，andthathencehisverybreadisinperil。Tohumanbeingsthisisamuchmorehate-inspiringthingthanisanydetailconnectedwithreligion。Withmostpeople，ofanecessity，breadandmeattakefirstrank，religionsecond。IamconvincedthatthepersecutionoftheJewisnotdueinanylargedegreetoreligiousprejudice。
No，theJewisamoney-getter；andingettinghismoneyheisaveryseriousobstructiontolesscapableneighbourswhoareonthesamequest。
Ithinkthatthatisthetrouble。InestimatingworldlyvaluestheJewisnotshallow，butdeep。Withprecociouswisdomhefoundoutinthemorningoftimethatsomemenworshiprank，someworshipheroes，someworshippower，someworshipGod，andthatovertheseidealstheydisputeandcannotunite——butthattheyallworshipmoney；sohemadeittheendandaimofhislifetogetit。HewasatitinEgyptthirty-sixcenturiesago；hewasatitinRomewhenthatChristiangotpersecutedbymistakeforhim；hehasbeenatiteversince。Thecosttohimhasbeenheavy；hissuccesshasmadethewholehumanracehisenemy——butithaspaid，forithasbroughthimenvy，andthatistheonlythingwhichmenwillsellbothsoulandbodytoget。Helongagoobservedthatamillionairecommandsrespect，atwo-millionairehomage，amulti-
millionairethedeepestdeepsofadoration。Weallknowthatfeeling；
wehaveseenitexpressitself。Wehavenoticedthatwhentheaveragemanmentionsthenameofamulti-millionairehedoesitwiththatmixtureinhisvoiceofaweandreverenceandlustwhichburnsinaFrenchman\'seyewhenitfallsonanotherman\'scentime。
PointNo。4——\'TheJewshavenoparty；theyarenon-participants。\'
Perhapsyouhaveletthesecretoutandgivenyourselfaway。Itseemshardlyacredittotheracethatitisabletosaythat；ortoyou，sir，thatyoucansayitwithoutremorse；more，thatyoushouldofferitasapleaagainstmaltreatment，injustice，andoppression。WhogivestheJewtheright，whogivesanyracetheright，tositstillinafreecountry，andletsomebodyelselookafteritssafety？TheoppressedJewwasentitledtoallpityintheformertimesunderbrutalautocracies，forhewasweakandfriendless，andhadnowaytohelphiscase。Buthehaswaysnow，andhehashadthemforacentury，butIdonotseethathehastriedtomakeserioususeofthen。WhentheRevolutionsethimfreeinFranceitwasanactofgrace——thegraceofotherpeople；hedoesnotappearinitasahelper。IdonotknowthathehelpedwhenEnglandsethimfree。AmongtheTwelveSaneMenofFrancewhohavesteppedforwardwithgreatZolaattheirheadtofightandwin，Ihopeandbelieve[3]
thebattleforthemostinfamouslymisusedJewofmoderntimes，doyoufindagreatorrichorillustriousJewhelping？IntheUnitedStateshewascreatedfreeinthebeginning——hedidnotneedtohelp，ofcourse。
InAustriaandGermanyandFrancehehasavote，butofwhatconsiderableuseisittohim？Hedoesn\'tseemtoknowhowtoapplyittothebesteffect。Withallhissplendidcapacitiesandallhisfatwealthheisto-daynotpoliticallyimportantinanycountry。InAmerica，asearlyas1854，theignorantIrishhod-carrier，whohadaspiritofhisownandawayofexposingittotheweather，madeitapparenttoallthathemustbepoliticallyreckonedwith；yetfifteenyearsbeforethatwehardlyknewwhatanIrishmanlookedlike。Asanintelligentforceandnumerically，hehasalwaysbeenawaydown，buthehasgovernedthecountryjustthesame。Itwasbecausehewasorganised。Itmadehisvotevaluable——infact，essential。
YouwillsaytheJewiseverywherenumericallyfeeble。Thatisnothingtothepoint——withtheIrishman\'shistoryforanobject-lesson。ButIamcomingtoyournumericalfeeblenesspresently。InallparliamentarycountriesyoucouldnodoubtelectJewstothelegislatures——andevenonememberinsuchabodyissometimesaforcewhichcounts。HowdeeplyhaveyouconcernedyourselvesaboutthisinAustria，France，andGermany？OreveninAmerica，forthatmatter？YouremarkthattheJewswerenottoblamefortheriotsinthisReichsrathhere，andyouaddwithsatisfactionthattherewasn\'toneinthatbody。Thatisnotstrictlycorrect；ifitwere，woulditnotbeinorderforyoutoexplainitandapologiseforit，nottrytomakeameritofit？ButIthinkthattheJewwasbynomeansinaslargeforcethereasheoughttohavebeen，withhischances。Austriaopensthesuffragetohimonfairlyliberalterms，anditmustsurelybehisownfaultthatheissomuchinthebackgroundpolitically。
Astoyournumericalweakness。Imentionedsomefiguresawhileago——
500，00——astheJewishpopulationofGermany。Iwilladdsomemore——
6，000，000inRussia，5，000，000inAustria，250，000intheUnitedStates。
Itakethemfrommemory；Ireadtheminthe\'EncyclopaediaBrittannica\'
tenortwelveyearsago。Still，Iamentirelysureofthem。Ifthosestatisticsarecorrect，myargumentisnotasstrongasitoughttobeasconcernsAmerica，butitstillhasstrength。ItisplentystrongenoughasconcernsAustria，fortenyearsago5，000，000wasninepercentoftheempire\'spopulation。TheIrishwouldgoverntheKingdomofHeaveniftheyhadastrengththerelikethat。
Ihavesomesuspicions；Igotthematsecond-hand，buttheyhaveremainedwithmethesetenortwelveyears。WhenIreadinthe\'E。B。\'thattheJewishpopulationoftheUnitedStateswas250，000Iwrotetheeditor，andexplainedtohimthatIwaspersonallyacquaintedwithmoreJewsthanthatinmycountry，andthathisfigureswerewithoutadoubtamisprintfor25，000，000。IalsoaddedthatIwaspersonallyacquaintedwiththatmanythere；butthatwasonlytoraisehisconfidenceinme，foritwasnottrue。Hisanswermiscarried，andInevergotit；butIwentaroundtalkingaboutthematter，andpeopletoldmetheyhadreasontosuspectthatforbusinessreasonsmanyJewswhosedealingsweremainlywiththeChristiansdidnotreportthemselvesasJewsinthecensus。Itlookedplausible；itlooksplausibleyet。LookatthecityofNewYork；andlookatBoston，andPhiladelphia，andNewOrleans，andChicago，andCincinnati，andSanFrancisco——howyourraceswarmsinthoseplaces！——andeverywhereelseinAmerica，downtotheleastlittlevillage。Readthesignsonthemartsofcommerceandontheshops；Goldsteingoldstone，Edelsteinpreciousstone，Blumenthalflower-vale，Rosenthalrose-
vale，Veilchenduftviolentodour，Singvogelsong-bird，Rosenzweigrosebranch，andalltheamazinglistofbeautifulandenviablenameswhichPrussiaandAustriaglorifiedyouwithsolongago。ItisanotherinstanceofEurope\'scoarseandcruelpersecutionofyourrace；notthatitwascoarseandcrueltooutfititwithprettyandpoeticalnameslikethose，butitwascoarseandcrueltomakeitpayforthemorelsetakesuchhideousandoftenindecentnamesthatto-daytheirownersneverusethem；or，iftheydo，onlyonofficialpapers。Anditwasthemany，notthefew，whogottheodiousnames，theybeingtoopoortobribetheofficialstograntthembetterones。
Nowwhywastheracerenamed？IhavebeentoldthatinPrussiaitwasgiventousingfictitiousnames，andoftenchangingthem，soastobeatthetax-gatherer，escapemilitaryservice，andsoon；andthatfinallytheideawashituponoffurnishingalltheinmatesofahousewithoneandthesamesurname，andthenholdingthehouseresponsiblerightalongforthoseinmates，andaccountableforanydisappearancesthatmightoccur；itmadetheJewskeeptrackofeachother，forself-interest\'ssake，andsavedtheGovernmentthetrouble[4]。
IfthatexplanationofhowtheJewsofPrussiacametoberenamediscorrect，ifitistruethattheyfictitiouslyregisteredthemselvestogaincertainadvantages，itmaypossiblebetruethatinAmericatheyrefrainfromregisteredthemselvesasJewstofendoffthedamagingprejudicesoftheChristiancustomer。Ihavenowayofknowingwhetherthisnotioniswellfoundedornot。Theremaybeotherandbetterwaysofexplainingwhyonlythatpoorlittle250，000ofourJewsgotintothe\'Encyclopaedia\'。Imay，ofcourse，bemistaken，butIamstronglyoftheopinionthatwehaveanimmenseJewishpopulationinAmerica。
PointNo。3——\'CanJewsdoanythingtoimprovethesituation？\'
Ithinkso。IfImaymakeasuggestionwithoutseemingtobetryingtoteachmygrandmothertosuckeggs，Iwillofferit。Inourdayswehavelearnedthevalueofcombination。Weapplyiteverywhere——inrailwaysystems，intrusts，intradeunions，inSalvationArmies，inminorpolitics，inmajorpolitics，inEuropeanConcerts。Whateverourstrengthmaybe，bigorlittle，weorganiseit。Wehavefoundoutthatthatistheonlywaytogetthemostoutofitthatisinit。Weknowtheweaknessofindividualsticks，andthestrengthoftheconcentratedfaggot。Supposeyoutryaschemelikethis，forinstance。InEnglandandAmericaputeveryJewonthecensus-bookasaJewincaseyouhavenotbeendoingthat。GetupvolunteerregimentscomposedofJewssolely，andwhenthedrumbeats，fallinandgotothefront，soastoremovethereproachthatyouhavefewMassenasamongyou，andthatyoufeedonacountrybutdon\'tliketofightforit。Next，inpolitics，organiseyourstrength，bandtogether，anddeliverthecasting-votewhereyoucan，and，whereyoucan\'t，compelasgoodtermsaspossible。Youhuddletoyourselvesalreadyinallcountries，butyouhuddletonosufficientpurpose，politicallyspeaking。Youdonotseemtobeorganised，exceptforyourcharities。Thereyouareomnipotent；thereyoucompelyourdueofrecognition——youdonothavetobegforit。Itshowswhatyoucandowhenyoubandtogetherforadefinitepurpose。
AndthenfromAmericaandEnglandyoucanencourageyourraceinAustria，France，andGermany，andmateriallyhelpit。ItwasapathetictalethatwastoldbyapoorJewafortnightagoduringtheriots，afterhehadbeenraidedbytheChristianpeasantryanddespoiledofeverythinghehad。Hesaidhisvotewasofnovaluetohim，andhewishedhecouldbeexcusedfromcastingit，forindeed，castingitwasasuredamagetohim，since，nomatterwhichpartyhevotedfor，theotherpartywouldcomestraightandtakeitsrevengeoutofhim。Ninepercentofthepopulation，theseJews，andapparentlytheycannotputaplankintoanycandidate\'splatform！IfyouwillsendourIrishladsoverhereIthinktheywillorganiseyourraceandchangetheaspectoftheReichsrath。
YouseemtothinkthattheJewstakenohandinpoliticshere，thattheyare\'absolutelynon-participants。\'Iamassuredbymencompetenttospeakthatthisisaverylargeerror，thattheJewsareexceedinglyactiveinpoliticsallovertheempire，butthattheyscattertheirworkandtheirvotesamongthenumerousparties，andthuslosetheadvantagestobehadbyconcentration。IthinkthatinAmericatheyscattertoo，butyouknowmoreaboutthatthanIdo。
Speakingofconcentration，Dr。Herzlhasaclearinsightintothevalueofthat。Haveyouheardofhisplan？HewishestogathertheJewsoftheworldtogetherinPalestine，withagovernmentoftheirown——underthesuzeraintyoftheSultan，Isuppose。AttheConventionofBerne，lastyear，thereweredelegatesfromeverywhere，andtheproposalwasreceivedwithdecidedfavour。IamnottheSultan，andIamnotobjecting；butifthatconcentrationofthecunningestbrainsintheworldweregoingtobemadeinafreecountrybarScotland，Ithinkitwouldbepolitictostopit。Itwillnotbewelltoletthatracefindoutitsstrength。Ifthehorsesknewtheirs，weshouldnotrideanymore。
PointNo。5——\'WillthepersecutionoftheJewsevercometoanend？\'
Onthescoreofreligion，Ithinkithasalreadycometoanend。Onthescoreofraceprejudiceandtrade，Ihavetheideathatitwillcontinue。