ChapterVIII。
PERFECTPEACEATBERLIN，WARALLROUND。
Friedrich，withtheSpectreofinevitableWardailyadvancingonhim，tohimprivatelyevidentandcertainifasyettohimonly，neglectsinnosorttheArtsandbusinessofPeace，butispresent，alwayswithvividactivity，inthecommonmovement，seriousorgayandfestive，asthedaybringsit。DuringtheseWintermonthsof1743，andstillmorethroughSummer1744，thereareimportantWar—
movementsgoingon，——theFrenchvehementlyactiveagain，theAustriansnothingbehindhand，——whichwillrequiresomeslightnoticefromussoon。ButinBerlin，alongsideofallthis，itismerecommonbusiness，diligentasever，alternatingwithCarnivalgayeties，withmarryings，givingsinmarriage；inBerlintheregoeson，underhalcyonweather，thepeaceabletideofthings，sometimesinahighfashion，asifBerlinanditsKinghadnoconcernwiththeforeignWar。
ThePlauenCanal，animportantnavigation—work，canalofsomethirtymiles，joiningHaveltoElbeinaconvenientmanner，orevenjoiningOdertoElbe，isatitsbusiest:——\"itwasbegunJune1st，1743[allhandsdiligentlydiggingthere，June27th，whilesomeothersofuswereemployedatDettingen，——thinkofit！]，andwasfinishedJune5th，1745。\"[Busching，Erdbeschreibung，vi。2192。]Thisisoneofseveralsuchworksnowafoot。
Takeanothermiscellaneousitemortwo。
January，1744，Friedrichappoints，andbrieflyinformsallhisPeopleofit，ThatanyPrussiansubjectwhothinkshimselfaggrieved，maycomeandtellhisstorytotheKing’sownself:
[\"January，1744\"（Rodenbeck，i。98）。]——betterhavehisstoryinfirmsuccinctstate，Ishouldimagine，andsuchthatitwillholdwater，intellingittotheKing！ButtheKingisreadytohearhim；heartilyeagertogetjusticedonehim。Asuitableboon，suchPermission，tillLaw—Reformtakeeffect。AndafterLaw—Reformhadfinished，itwasathingfoundsuitable；andcontinuedtotheend，——curioustoaBritishreadertoconsider！
Again:onFriedrich’sbirthday，24thJanuary，1744，thenewAcademyofScienceshad，intheSchlossofBerlin，itsfirstSession。
Butofthis，——intheabsenceofMaupertuis，FlatteneroftheEarth，whoisstillinFrance，sincethatMollwitzadventure；byandforbehoofofwhom，whenhedidreturn，andbecome\"PerpetualFirstPresident，\"manychangesweremade，——Iwillnotspeakatpresent。
Norindeedafterwards，exceptongoodchancerising；——thenewAcademy，withitsPerpetualFirstPresident，beingnothinglikesosublimeanobjectnow，toreadersandme，asitthenwastoitselfandPerpetualPresidentandRoyalPatron！VapidFormeyisPerpetualSecretary；morepowertohim，astheIrishsay。PoorGoldstickPollnitzisanHonoraryMember；——absentatthistimeinBaireuth，wherethosegigglingMarwitzesofWilhelmina’shavebeencontrivingamarriagefortheoldfool。Ofwhichanotherwordsoon:ifwehavetime。Timecannotbespentonthosedimsmallobjects:buttherearetwoMarriagesofahighorder，ofpurportsomewhatHistorical；
thereisBarberinatheDancer，throwingaflashthroughtheOperaticandsomeotherprovinces:letusrestrictourselvestothese，andthelikeofthese，andbebriefuponthem。
THESUCCESSIONINRUSSIA，ANDALSOINSWEDEN，SHALLNOTBE
HOSTILETOUS:TWOROYALMARRIAGES，ARUSSIANANDA
SWEDISH，AREACCOMPLISHEDATBERLIN，WITHSUCHVIEW。
MarriageFirst，ofaneminentlyHistoricalnature，isaltogetherRussian，orGermanbecomeRussian，thoughFriedrichismuchconcernedinit。WeheardofthemadSwedish—RussianWar；andhowCzarinaElizabethwaskindenoughtochooseaSuccessortotheoldchildlessSwedishKing，——LandgrafofHessen—Casselbynature；
whohashadasorrytimeinSweden，butkeptmerryanddidnotminditmuch，pooroldsoul。CzarinaElizabeth’sonecarewas，ThatthePrinceofDenmarkshouldnotbechosentosucceed，astherewastalkofhisbeing:Sweden，Denmark，Norway，allgraspedinonefirmhand（asintheold\"Union—of—Calmar\"times，onlywithbettermanagement），mightbedangeroustoRussia。\"Don’tchoosehimofDenmark！\"saidElizabeth，thevictoriousCzarina；andmadeitaconditionofgrantingPeace，andmostlyrestoringFinland，totheinfatuatedSwedes。Thepersontheydidchoose，——satisfactorytotheCzarina，andwhoultimatelydidbecomeKingofSweden，——wasoneAdolfFriedrich；aHolstein—GottorpPrince，comeofRoyalkin，andcousinrytoKarlXII。:heis\"BishopofLubeck\"orofEutin，sostyled；nowinhisthirty—thirdyear；andatleastdrawingtherevenuesofthatSee，thoughIthink，notecclesiasticallygiven，butlivingoftenerinHamburg，thethenfashionableresortofthoseNorthernGrandees。Onthewhole，alikelyyounggentleman；
acceptedbypartiesconcerned；——andsurelygoodenoughfortheOfficeasitnowis。Ofwhom，forareasoncoming，letreaderstakenote，inthisplace。
Aboveayearbeforethistime，CzarinaElizabeth，aprovidentfemale，anddeterminednottowed，hadpitcheduponherownSuccessor:[7thNovember，1742（Michaelis，ii。627）。]oneKarlPeterUlrich；whowasalsoofthesameHolstein—Gottorpset，thoughwithRussianbloodinhim。HisGrandfatherwasfullcousin，andchosencomrade，toKarlXII。；gotkilledinKarl’sRussianWars；
andleftapoorSondependentonRussianPetertheGreat，——whogavehimoneofhisDaughters；whencethisKarlPeterUlrich，anorphan，deartohisAunttheCzarina。AKarlPeterUlrich，whobecametragicallyfamousasCzarPeterFederowitz，orCzarPeterIII。，inthecourseoftwentyyears！HisFatherandMotherarebothdead；
lovingAunthassnatchedthepoorboyoutofHolstein—Gottorp，whichisanarrowsphere，intoRussia，whichiswideenough；
shehashadhimconvertedtotheGreekChurch，namedhimPeterFederowitz，HeirandSuccessor；——andnow，wishingtoseehimmarried，hasearnestlyconsultedFriedrichuponit。
Friedrichisdecidedlyinterested；wouldgrudgemuchtoseeanAnti—PrussianPrincess，forinstanceaSaxonPrincess（oneofwhomissaidtoBetrying），putintothisimportantstation！Afteralittlethought，hefixes，——doesthereaderknowuponwhom？
Readersperhaps，hereandthere，havesomerecollectionofaPrussianGeneral，whoisTitularPrinceofAnhalt—Zerbstonhisownscore；andisactualCommandantofStettininFriedrich’sservice，andhasdoneagreatdealofgoodfortificationthereandothergoodwork。InsteadofTitular，hehasnowlately，bydeceaseofanElderBrother，becomeActualorSemi—Actual（aBrotherjoinedwithhiminthepoorHeirship）；livesoccasionallyintheSchlossofZerbst；butisgladtoretainStettinasasolidsupplement。
HisWife，letthereadernotefarther，isSistertotheabove—
mentionedAdolfFriedrich，\"BishopofLubeck，\"nowHeir—ApparenttoSweden，——inwhom，aswillsoonappear，weareotherwiseinterested。
Wifeseemstomeanairyflightykindoflady，high—paced，nottoosure—paced，——weakevidentlyinFrenchgrammar，andperhapsinhumansensewithal:——buttheyhaveaDaughter，Sophie—Frederike，nownearfifteen，andveryforwardforherage；comelytolookupon，wisetolistento:\"Isnotshethesuitableone？\"thinksFriedrich，inregardtothismatter。\"Herkindredisoftheoldest，oldasAlberttheBear；shehasbeenfrugallybroughtup，Spartan—like，thoughasaPrincessbybirth:letherceaseskippiugropesontherampartsyonder，withheryoungStettinplaymates；andprepareforbeingaCzarinaoftheRussias，\"thinkshe。AndcommunicateshismindtotheCzarina；whoanswers，\"Excellent！HowdidIneverthinkofthatmyself？\"
Andso，onoraboutNew—year’sday，1744，whiletheCommandantofStettinandhisairySpousearedoingChristmasattheiroldSchlossofZerbst，theresuddenlycomeEstafettes；ExpressesfromPetersburg，heraldedbyExpressfromFriedrich:——withtheastonishingproposal，\"CzarinawishingthehonorofavisitfromMadamandDaughter；nodoubt，withsuchandsuchintentionsintherear。\"[Friedrich’sLetterstoMadamofZerbst（dateofthefirstofthem，30thDecember，1743），inOEuvres，
xxv。579—589。]Madam，norDaughter，isnothingloath；——theoldCommandantgrumblesinhisbeard，notpositivelyforbidding:andinthismanner，afteraLetterortwoinimperfectgrammar，MadamandDaughterappearinCarnivalsocietyatBerlin，charmingobjectsboth；butdonotstaylong；infact，stayonlytilltheirmoneysandarrangementsarefurnishedthem。Uponwhich，inallsilence，theymakeforPetersburg，forMoscow；travelrapidly，arrivesuccessfully，inspiteofthegrimseason。[\"AtMoscow，7th（18th）
February，1744。\"]ConversiontotheGreekReligion，changeofnamefromSophie—FrederiketoCatherine—Alexiewna（\"LetitbeCatherine，\"saidElizabeth，\"mydearmother’sname！\"——littlebrownCzarina’s，whomwehaveseen）:——allthiswascompletedbythe12thofJulyfollowing。And，infine，nextyear（September1st，1745），PeterFederowitzandthissameCatherine—Alexiewna，second—cousinsbyblood，werevouchsafedtheNuptialBenediction，and，withinvocationoftheRussianHeavenandRussianEarth，weredeclaredtobeoneflesh，[Ranke，iii。129；MemoiresdeCatherineII。（Catherine’sownverycuriousbitofAutobiography；——publishedbyMr。Herzen，London，1859），pp。7—46。]
——thoughatlasttheyturnedouttobeTWOFLESHES，asmyreaderwellknows！Someeighteenornineteenyearshence，wemaylookinuponthemagain，iftherebeamomenttospare。ThisisMarriagefirst；apurelyRussianone；builttogetherandlaunchedonitscourse，sotosay，byFriedrichatBerlin，whohadhisowninterestinit。
MarriageSecond，doneatBerlininthesamemonths，wasofstillmoreinterestingsorttoFriedrichandus:thatofPrincessUlriquetotheabove—namedAdolfFriedrich，futureKingofSweden。
Marriagewhichwentonpreparingitselfbythesideoftheother；
andwasoftwinimportancewithitinregardtotheRussianQuestion。TheSwedishMarriagewasnotheardof，exceptinimportantwhispers，duringtheCarnivaltime；butaSwedishMinisterhadalreadycometoBerlinonit，andwasbusyfirstinasilentandexamining，theninaspeakingandproposingway。
Itseems，theCzarinaherselfhadsuggestedthething，asacounter—politenesstoFriedrich；socontentwithhimatthistime。
AthingwelcometoFriedrich。And，induecourse（\"June，1744\"），therecomesexpressSwedishEmbassy，someRodenskjoldorTessin，withaveryshiningtrainofSwedes，\"TodemandPrincessUlriqueinmarriageforourFutureKing。\"
Towhichthereisassent，bynomeansdenial，intheproperquarter。Whereupon，afterthewide—spreadnecessaryfuglingsandpreliminaries，thereoccurs（allbyProcuration，BrotherAugustWilhelmdoingtheBridegroom’spart），\"July17th，1744，\"theMarriageitself:alldone，thislastact，andtheforegoingonesandthefollowing，withagrandeurandasplendor——unspeakable，wemaysay，inshort。[Helden—Geschichte，ii。
1045—1051。]FantasticBielfeldtaxeshispoorrougedMusetotheutmost，onthisoccasion；andbecomespositivelywearisome，chantingtheupholsteriesoflife；——foolishfellow，spoilinghisbitsoffactswithal，bymisrecollections，andevenbyexpressfictionsthrowninasgarnish。Sothat，beyondthegeneralimpression，giveninahigh—rougedstate，thereisnothingtobedependedon。OneSceneoutofhismany，whichrepresentstousonthosetermsthefinale，oractualDepartureofPrincessUlrique，weshalloffer，——withcorrections（afew，notALL）；——havingnothingbetterorotheronthesubject:——
\"But，infine，thedayofdeparturedidarrive，\"——eveofitdid:
25thJuly，1744；hourofstartingtobe2A。M。to—morrow。\"TheKinghadnominatedGrand—MarshalGrafvanGotter[sameGotterwhomwesawatViennaonce:KinghadappointedGotterandtwoothers；
nottosaythattwoofthePrincess’sBrothers，withherSistertheMargravineofSchwedt，weretoaccompanyasfarasSchwedt:sixinall；thoughone’spoormemoryfailsoneonsomeoccasions！]——toescortthePrincesstoStralsund，wheretwoSwedishSenatorsanddifferenthighLordsandLadiesawaitedher。HerMajestytheQueen—
Mother，judgingbythemovementsofherownheartthatthemomentofseparationwouldproduceascenedifficulttobear，hadorderedanOperatodivertourchagrin；and，insteadofsupper，asuperbcollationENAMBIGU[kindofsupper—breakfast，Isuppose]，inthegreatHallofthePalace。HerMajesty’splanwas，ThePrincess，oncomingfromtheOpera，should，almostonflight，tasteamorsel；
takehertravellingequipment，embraceherkinsfolk，dashintohercarriage，andgoofflikelightning。HerrGrafvonGotterwaschargedwithexecutingthisdesign，andwithhurryingthedeparture。
\"Butalltheseprecautionswerevain。TheincomparableUlriquewastoodeartoherFamilyandtoherCountry，tobepartedwithforever，withouthermeedoftearsfromtheminthosecruelinstants。OnenteringtheOpera—Hall，Inoticedeverywhereprevalentanairofsorrow，ofsombremelancholy。ThePrincessappearedinAmazon—dress[riding—habit，say]，ofrose—colortrimmedwithsilver；thelittlevest，turnedupwithgreen—blue（CELADON），andcollarofthesame；alittlebonnet，Englishfashion，ofblackvelvet，withawhiteplumetoit；herhairfloating，andtiedwitharose—coloredribbon。ShewasbeautifulasLove:butthisdress，soelegant，andsowellsettingoffhercharms，onlythemoresensiblyawakenedourregretstoloseher；andannouncedthatthehourwascome，inwhichallthisappearedamongusforthelasttime。Atthesecondact，youngPrinceFerdinand[YoungestBrother，FatheroftheJENAFerdinand]enteredtheRoyalBox；andflinginghimselfonthePrincess’sneckwithaburstoftears，said，’Ah，mydearUlrique，itisover，then；andIshallneverseeyoumore！’
Thesewordswereasignalgiventothegriefwhichwasshutinallhearts，toburstforthwiththegreatestvehemence。ThePrincessrepliedonlywithsobs；holdingherBrotherinherarms。TheTwoQueenscouldnotrestraintheirtears；thePrincesandPrincessesfollowedtheexample:griefisepidemical；itgaineddirectlyalltheBoxesofthefirstrank，wheretheCourtandNobilitywere。
Eachhadhisowncausesofregret，andeachmeltedintotears。
NobodypaidtheleastattentionfarthertotheOpera；andformyownshare，Iwasgladtoseeitend。
\"AninvoluntarymovementtookmetowardsthePalace。IenteredtheKing’sApartments，andfoundtheRoyalFamilyandpartoftheCourtassembled。Griefhadreacheditsheight；everybodyhadhishandkerchiefout；andIwitnessedemotionsquiteotherwiseaffectingthanthosethatTheatricArtcanproduce。TheKinghadcomposedanOdeonthePrincess’sdeparture；biddingherhislastadieusinthemosttenderandtouchingmanner。Itbeginswiththesewords:——
’Partez，maSoeur，partez；
LaSuedevousattend，laSuedevousdesire，’
’Go，mySister，go；
Swedenwaitsyou，Swedenwishesyou。
[Doesnotnowexist（seeOEuvresdeFrederic，
xiv。88，andib。PREFACEp。xv）。]
HisMajestygaveitheratthemomentwhenshewasabouttotakeleaveoftheTwoQueens。[No，Monsieur，notthen；itcametoherhandthesecondeveninghence，atSchwedt；[HerownLettertoFriedrich（OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。372；
\"Schwedt，28thJuly，1744\"）。]mostlikelynotyetwrittenatthetimeyoufabulouslygive；——youfoolishfantast，and\"artist\"oftheSHAM—kind！]——ThePrincessthrewhereyesonit，andfellintoafaint[No，youSham，notforIT]:theKinghadalmostdonethelike。Histearsflowedabundantly。ThePrincesandPrincesseswereovercomewithsorrow。Atlast，Gotterjudgedittimetoputanendtothistragicscene。HeenteredtheHall，almostlikeBoreasintheBalletofTHEROSE；thatistosay，withacrash。Hemadeoneortwowhirlwinds；clovethepress，andsnatchedawaythePrincessfromthearmsoftheQueen—Mother，tookherinhisown，andwhiskedheroutoftheHall。Alltheworldfollowed；thecarriageswerewaitinginthecourt；andthePrincessinamomentfoundherselfinhers。Iwasinsuchastate，Iknownothowwegotdownstairs；
Irememberonlythatitwasinaconcertoflamentablesobbings。
MadamtheMargrafinvonSchwedt，whohadbeennamedtoattendthePrincesstoStralsund[readSchwedt]ontheSwedishfrontier，thishighLadyandthetwoDamesd’AtourswhowereforSwedenitself，havingsprungintothesamecarriage，thedoorofitwasshutwithaslam；thepostillionscracked，thecarriageshotaway，——andhidtheadorableUlriquefromtheeyesofKingandCourt，whoremainedmotionlessforsomeminutes，overcomebytheirfeelings。\"
[Bielfeld，ii。107—110。]
WesaidthisMarriagewasliketheother，importantforPublicAffairs。Infact，securityontheRussianandSwedishsideisalwaysanobjectwithFriedrichwhenundertakingwar。\"ThattheFrenchbringabout，helpmetobringabout，aTripleAllianceofPrussia，Russia，Sweden:\"thiswasathingFriedrichhadbargainedtoseedone，beforejoiningintheWarahead:butbytheseTwoEspousalsFriedrichhopeshehashimselfasgoodasdoneit。
OfpoorPrincessUlriqueandhergloriousreceptioninSweden（afternearmissofshipwreck，intheSwedishFrigatefromStralsund），weshallsaynothingmoreatpresent:exceptthatherglories，allalong，weremuchdashedbychagrins，anddangerousimminenciesofshipwreck，——whichlatterdidnotquiteovertakeHER，butdidhersonsandgrandsons，beinginevitableornearlyso，inthatelement，inthecourseoftime。
SisterAmelia，whomsomethoughtdisappointed，asperhaps，inherfoolishthought，shemightalittlebe，wasmadeAbbessofQuedlinburg，whichopulentbeneficehadfallenvacant；and，thereoratBerlin，livedarespectableSpinster—life，doubtlessoneasiertermsthanUlrique’s。AlwaysmuchlovedbyherBrother，andlovinghim（and\"takingcareofhisshirts，\"inthefinaltimes）；
notedinsociety，forhersharptongueandways。ConcerningwhomThiebaultandhisTrenckromancesareworthnonotice，——ifitbenotwithhorsewhipsonopportunity。SCANDALUMMAGNATUM，whereyourMagnatesareNOTfallenquitecounterfeit，wasandisalways（thoughfewnowreflectonit）amostpunishablecrime。
GLANCEATTHEBELLIGERENTPOWERS；BRITANNICMAJESTY
NARROWLYMISSESANINVASIONTHATMIGHTHAVEBEENDANGEROUS
PrincessUlriquewashardlyyethomeinSweden，whenherBrotherhadactuallygoneforthupontheWarsagain！Sodifferentisoutsidefrominterior，nowandthen。\"Whilethedancingandthemarriage—festivitieswentonatCourt，we，inprivate，werebusilycompletingthepreparationsforaCampaign，\"dreamedofbynomortal，\"whichwasonthepointofbeingopened。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。41。]July2d，threeweeksbeforePrincessUlriqueleft，acertainAdventureofPrinceKarl’sintheRhineCountrieshadaccomplisheditself（ofwhichinthefollowingBook）；andFriedrichcoulddiscernclearlythatthemomentdrewrapidlynigh。
OntheFrenchsideoftheWar，therehasbeenvisible——sincethosehighattemptsofBritannicGeorgeandtheHungarianMajesty，contumeliouslyspurningthePeaceofferedthem，andgraspingevidentlyatone’sLorraines，Alsaces，andThreeBishoprics——amarkedchange；comfortabletolookatfromFriedrich’sside。
MostChristianMajesty，fromthesadbentattitudeofinsultedrepentance，hasstartedupintotheperpendicularoneofindignation:\"Comeon，then！\"——andreallymakesefforts，thisYear，quitebeyondexpectation。\"Oriflammeenterprises，privateintentionsofcuttingGermanyinFour；well，havenotIsmartedforthem；asgoodasownedtheywererathermad？Buttohavemyapologyspitupon；buttobemyselfpubliclycutinpiecesforthem？\"
March15h，1744，MostChristianMajestydid，aswesaw，dulydeclareWaragainstEngland；againstAustria，April26th:
\"England，\"hesays，\"brokeitsConventionofNeutrality（signed27thSeptember，1741）；brokesaidConvention[aswasverynatural，notermbeingset]directlyafterMailleboiswasgone；England，byitsMediterraneanAdmiralsandthelike，has，toadegreebeyondenduring，insultedtheFrenchcoasts，harborsandroyalNavy:
WedeclareWaronEngland。\"Andthen，sixweekshence，inregardtoAustria:\"Austria，refusingtomakePeacewithavirtuousKaiser，whomwe，forthesakeofpeace，hadmagnanimouslyhelped，andthenmagnanimouslyceasedtohelp；——Austriarefusespeacewithhimorus；onthecontrary，Austriaattempts，andhasattempted，toinvadeFranceitself:Wetherefore，onandfromthis26thofApril，1744，lettheworldnoteit，areatWarwithAustria。\"[In
Adelung，iv。78，90，thetwoManifestoesgiven。]
BoththesepromisestoFriedricharepunctuallyperformed。
Nor，whatisfarmoreimportant，havethenecessarypreparationsbeenneglected；butareonaquiteunheard—ofscale。Suchtaxingandfinancieringtherehasbeen，lastWinter:——taxonyourstreet—
lamp，onyourfire—wood，increasedexciseonmeatandeatablesofallkinds:Bepatient，yepoor；considerGLOIRE，andanORIFLAMME
sotrampledonbytheAustrianHeathen！Eatables，street—lamps，doIsay？Thereis36，000pounds，raisedbyataxon——well，onGARDEROBES（nottranslated）！Asmallhelp，butahelp:NONOLET，NONOLEAT。TowhatdepthshasOriflammecomedown！——Theresultis，thisSpringof1744，indignantFrancedoes，byland，andevenbysea，makeanappearancecalculatedtoastonishGazetteersandmen。
Land—forces160，000actuallyonfoot:80，000（growsatlastinto100，000，foralittlewhile）as\"ArmyoftheNetherlands，\"——toprickintoAustria，andastonishEnglandandtheDutchBarrier，inthatquarter。Oftherest，20，000underContiareforItaly；
60，000（bydegrees40，000）underCoignyfordefenceoftheRhineCountries，shouldPrinceKarl，asissurmisable，makenewattemptsthere。[Adelung，iv。78；Espagnac，ii。3。]
Andbesidesallthis，thereareTwostrongFleets，gotactuallylaunched，notyetintothedeepsea，butreadyforit:oneinToulonHarbor，toavengethoseMediterraneaninsults；andburstout，inconcertwithanimpatientSpanishFleet（whichhaslainblockadedhereforayearpast），ontheinsolentblockadingEnglish:whichwasinsomesortdone。[\"19thFebruary，1744，\"
FrenchandSpanishFleetsrunout；22dFeb。areattackedbyMatthewsandLestock；areratherbeaten，notbeatennearlyenough（MatthewsandLestockblamingoneanother，SpaniardsandFrenchditto，ditto:Adelung，iv。32—35）；withtheendlessjanglings，correspondings，court—martialingsthatensue（Beatson，
NavalandMilitaryMemoirs，i。197etseqq。；
Gentleman’sMagazine，andOldNewspapers，for1744；&c。&c。）。]TheotherstrongFleet，twentysailoftheline，underAdmiralRoquefeuille，isinBrestHarbor，——intendedforastillmoredelicateoperation；ofwhichanon。SurelyKingFriedrichoughttoadmitthatthesearefinesymptoms？KingFriedrichhasfreelydoneso，allalong；intendingtostrikeinattherightmoment。Letussee，alittle，howthingshavegone；andhowtherightmomenthasbeenadvancinginlatemonths。
JANUARY17th，1744，TherelandedatAntibesonFrenchsoilayounggentleman，byname\"ContediSpinelli，\"directfromGenoa，fromRome；younggentlemanseeminglyofsmallimportance，butintrinsicallyofconsiderable；whohastenedoffforParis，andtheredisappeared。DisappearedintosubterraneanconsultationswiththehighestOfficialpeople；intendingreappearancewithemphasisatDunkirk，afewweekshence，inmuchmoreemphaticposture。
AndallthroughFebruarythereisobservableabriskdiligenceofWar—preparation，atDunkirk:transport—shipsinquantity，finallyfourwar—ships；15，000chosentroops，graduallymarchingin；
nearlyallonboard，withtheirequipments，bytheendofthemonth。
ClearlyanInvadingArmyintendedsomewhither，Englandjudgestoowellwhither。Anti—EnglishArmament；tobeledby，whomthinksthereader？Thatsame\"ContediSpinelli，\"whoisCharlesEdwardtheYoungPretender，——ComtedeSaxecommandingunderhim！Thisisnofable；itisafact，somewhatformidable；broughtabout，theysay，byoneCardinalTencin，anOfficialPersonofcelebrityinthethenVersaillesworld；whooweshisredhat（whateversuchdebtreallybe）tooldJacobiteinfluence，exertedforhimatRome；andtakesthismethodofpayinghisdebtandhiscourtatonce。Gets，namely，hisproposal，ofaCharles—EdwardInvasionofEngland，todovetailinwiththeotherwideartilleriesnowbentonlittleGeorgeinthewaywesee。HadnotlittleGeorgebetterhavestayedathomeoutofthesePragmaticWars？Fifteenthousand，aidedbythenativeJacobitehosts，undercommandofSaxe，——aSaxeagainstaWadeisfearfulodds，——maymakesomefigureinEngland！Wehopealwaystheywillnotbeabletoland。Imaginationmayconceivetheflurry，ifnotofBritannicmankind，atleastofBritannicMajestyandhisOfficialPeople，andwhatastiranddintheymade:——ofwhichthisisthecompressedupshot。
\"SATURDAY，1stMARCH，1744。Fornearlyaweekpast，therehasbeenseenhangingaboutintheChannel，anddangerouslyhoveringtoandfro[hadenteredbytheLand’s—End，wasfirstnoticedonSundaylast\"nightheEddistone\"]aconsiderableFrenchFleet，sixteengreatships；withfourorfivemore，probablybelongingtoit，whichnowlieoffDunkirk:theintentionofwhichistoowellknowninhighquarters。ThisisthegrandBrestFleet，AdmiralRoquefeuille’s；whichbelievesitcancommandtheChannel，inpresentcircumstances，theEnglishChannel—Fleetsbeinginadisjoinedcondition，——tillComtedeSaxe，withhisCharles—Edwardand15，000，doshipthemselvesacross！Greatalarminconsequence；
ourWar—forces，40，000ofthem，allinGermany；nottheleastpreparationtoreceiveanInvasiveArmament。ComtedeSaxeisveritablyatDunkirk，sinceSaturday，March1st:busyshippinghis15，000；equipmentsmostlyshipped，andabout10，000ofthemen:
allisactivitythere；RoquefeuillehangingaboutDungeness，withfourofhistwentygreatshipsdetachedformoreimmediateprotectionofSaxeandthoseDunkirkindustries。Tomeetwhich，oldAdmiralNorris，offandontowardstheNoreandtheForelands，hasbeendoinghisbesttorallyforceabouthim；hopeshewillnowbematchforRoquefeuille:——butifheshouldnot？
\"THURSDAY，6thMARCH。AfternoonofMarch5th，oldAdmiralNorris，hopinghewasatlengthinsomethinglikeequality，’tideditroundtheSouthForeland；’sawRoquefeuillehanging，infulltale，withinfewmiles；——andatonceplungedintohim？No，reader；notatonce，norindeedatall。Agreatsea—fightwasexpected；butouroldNorristhoughtitlateintheday；——and，ineffect，nofightprovedneedful。Daylightwasnotyetsunk，whenthererosefromthenorth—
eastwardaheavygale；blewallnight，andbysixnextmorningwasaragingstorm；hadblownRoquefeuillequiteawayoutofthosewaters（fractionsofhimupontherocksofGuernsey）；hadtumbledComtedeSaxe’sTransportsbottomuppermost（sotospeak），inDunkirkRoads；——and，infact，hadblowntheEnterpriseoverthehorizon，andrelievedtheOfficialBritannicmindintheusualmiraculousmanner。
\"M。leComtedeSaxe——whohad，bysuperhumanactivity，savednearlyallhismen，inthathideoustopsy—turvyoftheTransportsandmunitions——returnedstraightway，andmuchmoreM。leComtedeSpinelliwithhim，toParis。ComtedeSaxewasdirectlythereuponmadeMarechaldeFrance；appointedtobeColleagueofNoaillesintheensuingNetherlandsCampaign。’ComtedeSpinelliwenttolodgewithhisUncle，theCardinalGrand—AlmonerFitz—James’[azealousgentleman，ofinfluencewiththeHolyFather]，andthereinprivacytowaitotherchancesthatmightrise。’The1，500silvermedals，thathadbeenstruckfordistributioninGreatBritain，’fell，forthistime，intothemelting—potagain。[Tindal，xxi。22（mostlyapuddleofinaccuracies，asusual）；Espagnac，i。213；
Gentleman’sMagazine，xiv。106，&c。；Barbier，ii。382，385，388。]
\"Greatstir，inBritishParliamentandPublic，therehadlatterlybeenonthismatter:Arrestmentofsuspectedpersons，banishmentofallCatholicstenmilesfromLondon；likewiseregisteringofhorses（togallopwithcannonwhitherwanted）；likewiseimprovisingofcavalryregimentsbypersonsofcondition，’Setourplushpeopleonourcoach—horses；there！’[Yes，THEREwillbeaCavalry，——inferiortoGeneralZiethen’s！]；andwereactuallydrillingtheminseveralplaces，whenthatfortunateblastofstorm（March6th）bleweverythingtoquietagain。Field—marshalEarlofStair，inregardtotheScottishpopulations，hadshownanoblemagnanimity；
whichwasrecognized:andaGeneralSirJohnCoperodeoff，post—
haste，totakethechiefcommandinthatCountry；——where，inabouteighteenmonthshence，hemadeaveryshiningthingofit！\"——TakethisotherCuttingfromtheOldNewspapers:——
\"FRIDAY，31st（20th）MARCH，1744，AgeneralpressbeganforrecruitinghisMajesty’sregiments，andmanningtheFleet；
whenupwardsof1，000menweresecuredinthejailsofLondonandWestminster；beingallowedsixpenceaheadperdiem，bytheCommissionersoftheLand—tax，whoexaminethem，andsendthoseawaythatarefoundfitforhisMajesty’sservice。ThesamemethodwastakenineachCounty。\"Pressceases；enoughbeinggot，——pressnomoretillfartherorder:5th（16th）June。[Gentleman’sMagazinefor1744，pp。226，333。]
BritannicMajestyshakenbysuchomens，doesnotinpersonvisitGermanyatallthisYear；nor，byhisDeputies，atallshineonthefieldsofWaraslately。He，hisEnglishandhe，didindeedcomedownwiththeircashinapromptandmanfulmanner，butshowedlittleotheractivitythisyear。TheirtroopswerealreadyintheNetherlands，sinceWinterlast；lednowbyaField—marshalWade，ofwhomonehasheard；towhomjoinedthemselvescertainAustrians，underDucd’Ahremberg，andcertainDutch，undersomeothermanincocked—hat:thewholeofwhom，underMarshalWade’schiefguidance，didasgoodasnothingwhatever。\"Inferiorinforce！\"criedMarshalWade；anindolentincompetentoldgentleman，frightfultoseeincommandoftroops:\"inferiorinforce！\"criedhe，whichwasnotatfirstquitethecase。Andwhen，byadditionstohimself，anddeductions（ofamostunexpectednature）fromhisEnemy，hehadbecomenearlydoubleinforce，itwasallthesame:MarshalWade（againstwhomindeedwasMarechaldeSaxe，nowinsolecommand，asweshallsee）tookshelterinsafeplaces，witnessingtherefromtheswiftdestructionoftheNetherlands，andwouldattemptnothing。
WhichindeedwasperhapsprudentontheMarshal’spart。Muchmoneywasspent，andmenenoughdidpuddlethemselvestodeathontheclayroads，orbivouackinginthesafeswamps；butnottheleaststrokeofbattlewasgotoutofthemunderthisoldMarshal。
Hadperhaps\"adividedcommand，thoughnominalChief，\"pooroldgentleman；——yes，andaheadthatunderstoodnothingofhisbusinesswithal。Oneofthosesameastonishing\"Generals\"oftheEnglish，nowbecomingknowninNaturalHistory；thelikeofwhom，tillwithinthesehundredandfiftyyears，werenotheardofamongsaneNations。SaxeVERSUSWadeisfearfulodds。TojudgebythewaySaxehasofhandlingWade，maynotwethankHeaventhatitwasnotHERE
inEnglandthetrialcameon！Liftupbothyourhands，andbless——notGeneralWade，quiteyet。
THEYOUNGDUKEOFWURTEMBERGGETSAVALEDICTORYADVICE；
ANDPOLLNITZADITTOTESTIMONIAL（February6th；April1st，1744）。
February7th，1744，KarlEugen，theyoungDukeofWurtemberg，——
Friedrichhavinggot，fromtheKaiser，dueDispensation（VENIA
AETATIS）fortheyounggentleman，andhadhimdeclaredDukeRegnant，thoughonlysixteen，——quittedBerlinwithgreatpomp，forhisownCountry，onthaterrand。FriedrichhadhopedherebytosettletheWurtembergmattersonagoodfooting，andbesureofafriendinWurtembergtotheKaiserandhimself。Whichhope，likeeverybody’shopesaboutthisyounggentleman，wasentirelydisappointed；saidyounggentlemanhavinggotintoperverse，haughty，sulky，ill—conditionedways，andmadeabadLifeandReignofit，——bettertoliemostlyhiddenfromushenceforth，atleastformanyyearstocome。TheexcellentPartingLetterwhichFriedrichgavehimgotabroadintotheworld；waschristenedtheMIRROROFPRINCES，andgreatlyadmiredbymankind。ItisindeedanalmostfaultlessPieceofitskind；comprising，inaflowingyetpreciseway，withadmirablefrankness，sincerity，sagacity，succinctness，aWholeDutyofRegnantMan；[InOEuvresdeFrederic，ix。4—7。]——butIfearitwouldonlywearythereader；perfectADVICEhavingbecomesoplentifulinourEpoch，withlittlebut\"pavement\"toacertainLocalitytheconsequence！——
Thereis，ofthesamemonths，aTESTIMONIALTOPOLLNITZ，whichalsogotabroadandhaditscelebrity:this，asspecimenofFriedrichonthecomicside，willperhapsbelessafflicting；anditwillridusofPollnitz，poorsoul，onhandsometerms。
GoldstickPollnitzisatBaireuthinthesemonths；fallenquitedisconsolatesincewelastheardofhim。Hisfinemarriagewentawry，——richlady，verywisely，drawingback；——andthefoolisholdcreaturehasdecidedonREchanginghisreligion；whichhehaschangedalreadythriceorso，inhisvagabondstraits；forthepurposeof\"retiringtoaconvent\"thistime。Friedrich，incandidbriefmanner，roughbutwise，andnotwithoutsomekindnessforanolddogoneisusedto，hasanswered，\"Nonsense；thatwillneverdo！\"ButPollnitzpersisting；formallydemandingleavetodemit，andlaydownthegoldstick，withthatview，——FriedrichdoesatlengthsendhimCertificateofLeave；\"whichisdrawnoutwithalltheforms，andwasdespatchedthroughEicheltotheproperBoard；\"
butwhichbearsdateAPRILFIRST，andthoughofficiallyvalid，isofquizzicalnature:———perhapsalreadyknowntosomereaders；
havinggotintotheNewspapers，andwidelyabroad，atasubsequenttime。AsauthenticsampleofFriedrichinthatkind，hereitaccuratelyis，withonlyoneortwoslightabridgments，whichareindicated:——
\"WhereastheBarondePollnitz，bornatBerlin[atKoln，ifitmadeanymatter]，ofhonestparentssofarasWeknow，——afterhavingservedOurGrandfatherasGentlemanoftheChamber，Madamd’Orleans[wickedRegent’sMother，afamedGermanLady]inthesamerank，theKingofSpaininqualityofColonel，thedeceasedKaiserinthatofCaptainofHorse，thePopeasChamberlain，theDukeofBrunswickasChamberlain，DukeofWeimarasEnsign，ourFatherasChamberlain，and，infine，UsasGrandMasteroftheCeremonies，\"——has，inspiteofsuchaccumulationofhonors，becomedisgustedwiththeworld；
andrequestsaPartingTestimony，tosupporthisgoodreputation，——
\"We，rememberinghisimportantservicestotheHouse，indivertingfornineyearslongthelateKingourFather，anddoingthehonorsofourCourtduringthenowReign，cannotrefusesuchrequest；
butdoherebycertify，ThatthesaidBaronhasneverassassinated，robbedonthehighway，poisoned，forciblycutpurses，ordoneotheratrocityorlegalcrimeatourCourt；buthasalwaysmaintainedgentlemanlybehavior，makingnotmorethanhonestuseoftheindustryandtalentshehasbeenendowedwithatbirth；
imitatingtheobjectoftheDrama，thatis，correctingmankindbygentlequizzing；following，inthematterofsobriety，Boerhaave’scounsels；pushingChristiancharitysofarasoftentomaketherichunderstandthatitismoreblessedtogivethantoreceive；——
possessingperfectlytheanecdotesofourvariousMansions，especiallyofourworn—outFurnitures；renderinghimself，byhismerits，necessarytothosewhoknowhim；and，withaverybadhead，havingaverygoodheart。
\"OurangerthesaidBaronneverkindledbutonce，\"——inatrociouslyviolatingthegraveofanAncestress（orStepAncestress）ofours。
[Step—AncestresswasDorothea，theGreatElector’ssecondWife；
ofwhomPollnitz，inhisMemoirsandLetters，
repeatstherumorthatonceshe，perhaps，triedtopoisonherStepsonFriedrich，FirstKing。（Seesupra，vol。v。p。47）。]\"Butastheloveliestcountrieshavetheirbarrenspots，thebeautifulestformstheirimperfections，picturesbythegreatestmasterstheirfaults，WearewillingtocoverwiththeveilofoblivionthoseofthesaidBaron；doherebygranthim，withregret，theCongeeherequires；——andabolishhisOfficealtogether，toblotitfrommen’smemory，notjudgingthatanybodyafterthesaidBaroncanbeworthytofillit。
\"DoneatPotsdam，this1stofApril，1744。FREDERIC。\"
[OEuvres，xv。193。]
TheOfficeofGrandMasteroftheCeremonieswas，accordingly，abolishedaltogether。ButPollnitz，leftlooseinthismanner，didnotgallopdirect，orgoatall，intomonkhood，ashehadexpected；
but，infact，bydegrees，crepthometoBerlinagain；tookthesubalternpostofChamberlain；andthere，intheoldfashion（straitenedinfinance，makingloans，retailinganecdotes，notwittybutthecauseofwit），woreoutlife’sgrayevening；
till，aboutthirtyyearshence，hedied；\"diedashehadlived，swindlingtheverynightbeforehisdecease，\"writesFriedrich；
[LettertoVoltaire，13thAugust，1775（OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。344）。SeePreuss，v。241
（URKUNDENBUCH），theLettersofFriedrichtoPollnitz。]whowasalwaysratherkindtothepoorolddog，thoughbanteringhimagooddeal。
TWOCONQUESTSFORPRUSSIA，AGASEOUSANDASOLID:
CONQUESTFIRST，BARBERINATHEDANCER。
EarlyinMay，theBerlinpublicfirstsawitsBarberinadance，andwroteecstaticLatinEpigramsaboutthatmiracleofnatureandart；
[Rodenbeck，pp。111，190。]——miracle，alas，notentirelyomissiblebyus。HereisherStory，astheBooksgiveit；slightlymythical，Ijudge，insomeofitsnon—essentialparts；butgoodenoughforthesubject:——
BarberinatheDancerhadcostFriedrichsometrouble；thepainshetookwithherelegantpirouettingsandpoussettings，andtheheavysalaryhegaveher，areanunexpectediteminhishistory。
HewishedtofavortheArts，yes；butdidhereckonOpera—dancingachiefoneamongthem？HehadindeedbuiltanOpera—House，andgavefreeadmissions，supportingthecosthimself；andamonghisothergovernings，governedthedancerandsingertroopsofthatestablishment。TooknolittletroubleabouthisOpera:——yetperhapsheprivatelyknewitsplace，afterall。\"WishedtoencouragestrangersofopulentconditiontovisithisCapital，\"saythecunningones。Itmaybeso；and，atanyrate，heprobablywishedtoacttheKinginsuchmatters，andnotgrudgealittlemoney。
Hereallylovedmusic，evenoperamusic，andknewthathispeoplelovedit；totheroughnaturalman，allrhythm，evenofaBarberina’sfeet，maybedidactic，beneficial:donothiggle，letusdowhatistobedoneinaliberalstyle。HisagentatVenice——
forhehasagentseverywhereontheoutlookforhim——reportsthathereisaFemaleDancerofthefirstquality，whohasshoneinLondon，ParisandtheCapitalCities，andmightanswerwell，butwhosetermswillprobablybedear。\"Engageher，\"answersFriedrich。
Andsheisengagedonprettyterms；shewillbefreeinamonthortwo，andthenstart。[Zimmermann，FragmenteuberFriedrichdenGrossen（Leipzig，1790），i。88—92；Collini，ubiinfra；Denina；&c。:compareRodenbeck，p。191。]
Well；——butBarberinahad，asisusual，subsidiarytradestoherdancing:inparticular，ayoungEnglishGentlemanhadfollowedherupanddown，saysZimmermann，andwasstillhereinVenicepassionatelyattachedtoher。Whichfact，especiallywhichyoungEnglishgentleman，shouldhavebeenextremelyindifferenttome，butforacircumstancesoontobementioned。TheyoungEnglishgentleman，clearagainstBarberina’sPrussianscheme，passionatelyopposesthesame，passionatelyrenewshisownoffers；——inducesBarberinatoinformthePrussianagentthatsherenouncesherengagementinthatquarter。Prussianagentanswersthatitisnotrenounceable；thathehaslegalwritingonit，andthatitmustbekept。Barberinarisesintocontumacy，willlaughatallwritingandcompulsion。PrussianagentappliestoDogeandSenateonthesubject，inhisKing’sname；whoanswerpolitely，butdonothing:
\"HowhappytoobligesogreataKing；but——\"Andsoitlastsforcertainmonths；BarberinaandtheyoungEnglishgentlemancontumaciousinVenice，andDogeandSenatemerelywishingwemaygether。
MeanwhileaVenetianAmbassadorhappenstobepassingthroughBerlin，inhiswaytoorfromsomeHyperboreanState；arrivesatsomehotel，inBerlin；——finds，onthemorrow，thathisluggageisarrestedbyRoyalOrder；thathe，oratleastIT，cannotgetfarther，neitheradvancenorreturn，tillBarberinadocome。
\"Impossible，Signor:abargainisabargain；andStatesoughttohavelaw—courtsthatenforcecontractsenteredintointheirterritories。\"TheVenetianDogeandSenatedonowlayholdofBarberina；packherintopost—chaises，offtowardsBerlin，underthechargeofarmedmen，withthepropertransit—papers，——asitwereundertheaddress，\"ForhisMajestyofPrussia，thissideuppermost，\"——andthussheactuallyisconveyed，dateormonthuncertain，byInnspruckortheSplugen，Icannotsaywhich，overmountain，overvalley，fromcountrytocountry，andfromstagetostage，tillshearrivesatBerlin；Ambassadorwithbaggagehavingbeenletgo，sosoonastheaffairwasseentobesafe。
AsfortheyoungEnglishgentlemanpassionatelyattached，hefollowed，itisunderstood；faithful，constantasshadowtothesun，alwaysastagebehind；arrivedinBerlintwohoursafterhisBarberina，stillpassionatelyattached；andnow，astherumorgoes，wasthreateningeventomarryher，andsosavethematter。
Supremelyindifferenttomyreadersandme。Butherenowisthecircumstancethatmakesitmentionable。TheyoungEnglishisproperlyayoungScotchgentleman；JamesMackenziethenameofhim，——agrandsonofthecelebratedAdvocate，SirGeorgeMackenzie；
andyoungerBrotherofapersonagewho，asEarlofBute，becameextremelyconspicuousinthisKingdominafteryears。Thatmakesitmentionable，——ifonlyintheshapeofMYTH。ForFriedrich，accordingtorumor，beingstillliketolosehisDancerinthatmanner，warnedtheyounggentleman’sfriends；andhadhimperemptorilysummonedhome，andthelightfantastictoeleftfreeinthatrespect。Whichproceduretheindignantyounggentleman（thinksmyAuthor）neverforgave；continuingahaterofFriedrichallhisdays；andinstillingthesamesentimentintotheEarlofButeataperiodwhichwasverycritical，asweshallsee。
ThisismyAuthor’s，theoftenfallaciousthoughnotmendaciousDr。Zimmermann’s，ratherdeliberateaccount；amannotgiventomendacity，thoughfilledwithmuchvaguewind，whichrendershimfallaciousinhistoricalpoints。
ReadersofWalpole’sGeorgetheThirdknowenoughofthisMackenzie，\"Earl’sBrother，MACKINSY，\"andthesorrowfuldifficultiesabouthisScotchlaw—officeorbenefice；
inwhichmatter\"Mackinsy\"behavesalwaysinahighway，andonlytheMinisterialOutsandInnshigglepedler—like，vigilantoftheLibertiesofEngland，astheycallthem。Intheend，Mackinsykepthislaw—officeorgotitrestoredtohim；3，000poundsayearwithoutexcessofwork；amanmuchthegentleman，accordingtotherulethencurrent:incontemplativeraremoments，theman，lookingbackthroughthedimposternsofthemind，mightseeafaroffacertainpirouettingFigure，oncefarfromindifferent，andnotyetquitemeltedintocheerlessgraysmoke，assomuchoftherestis——
toMr。Mackinsyandus。Ihavemade，intheScotchMackenziecircles，whatinquirywasdue；findnoevidence，butvariouslikelihoods，thatthisoftheBarberinaandhimisfact，andapieceofhisbiography。Astotheinferencededucedfromit，inregardtoFriedrichandtheEarlofBute，onacriticaloccasion，——
thatrestsentirelywithZimmermann；andthecandidmindinclinestoadmitthat，probably，itisbutrumorandconjecture；
street—duststickingtotheDoctor’sshoes，anddemandingmerelytobewellsweptoutagain。Heigho！——
Barberina，thoughadancer，didnotwantformoreessentialgraces。
Verysprightly，veryprettyandintelligent；notwithoutpiquancyandpungency:theKinghimselfhasbeenknowntotaketeawithherinmixedsociety，thoughnothingmore；andwithpassionateyounggentlemenshewasverysuccessful。NotlongafterhercomingtoBerlin，shemadeconquestofCocceji，thecelebratedChancellor’sSon；whofindingnootherresource，atlengthprivatelymarriedher。Voltaire’sCollini，whenhecametoBerlin，in1750，recommendedbyaSignoraSisteroftheBarberina’s，foundtheBarberinaandherMotherdiningdailywiththisCoccejiastheirguest:[Collini，MonSejouraupresdeVoltaire（aParis，1807），pp。13—19。]SignoraBarberinaprivatelyinformedCollinihowthematterwas；Signorinastilldancingallthesame，——thoughshehadmoneyintheEnglishfundswithal；
andFriedrichhadbeensogenerousasgiveherthefixingofherownsalary，whenshecametohim，this—side—uppermost，inthewaywedescribed。Shehadfixed，toomodestlythinksCollini，on5，000
thalers（about750pounds）ayear；havingheartandheadaswellasheels，poorlittlesoul。PerhapshernotablestfeatinHistory，afterall，washerleadingthisCollini，asshenowdid，intotheserviceofVoltaire，tobeVoltaire’sSecretary。Aswillbeseen。
WherebywehaveobtainedaloyallittleBook，morecrediblethanmostothers，aboutthatnotableman。
Atasubsequentperiod，BarberinadecidedondeclaringhermarriagewithCocceji；shedrewhermoneyfromtheEnglishfunds，purchasedafinemansion，andwenttolivewiththesaidCoccejithere，givinguptheOperaandpublicpirouettes。Butthisdidnotanswereither。Cocceji’sMotherscornedirreconcilablytheOperaalliance；
Friedrich，whodidnothimselflikeitinhisChancellor’sSon，promotedtheyoungmantosomehigherpostinthedistantSilesianregion。Butthere，alas，theythemselvesquarrelled；divorcedoneanother；andrumoragainwasbusy。\"You，Coccejiyourself，arebutaschoolmaster’sgrandson[Barberina，oneeasilysupposes，mighthaveatemperwithal]；anditisI，ifyouwillrecollect，thatdrewmoneyfromtheEnglishfunds！\"Barberinamarriedagain；andtoanoblemanofsixteenquartersthistime，andwithwhomatleasttherewasnodivorce。Successfulwithpassionategentlemen；havingmoneyfromtheEnglishfunds。HerlastnamewasGrafinn——Ireallyknownotwhat。Herdescendantsprobablystilllive，withsixteenquarters，inthoseparts。Itwasthusshedidherlife—journey，waltzingandwalking；successfullyholdingherownagainsttheworld。Historydeclaresitselfashamedofspendingsomanywordsonsuchasubject。ButtheDancerofFriedrich，andtheauthoress，primeorproximate，ofCollini’sVoltaire，
claimsapassingremembrance。Letus，ifwecaneasilyhelpit，neverspeakofhermore。
CONQUESTSECONDISOST—FRIESLAND，OFASOLIDNATURE。
May25th，1744，justwhileBarberinabeganherpirouettingsatBerlin，poorKarlEdzard，PrinceofEastFriesland，longaweakmalingeringcreature，died，rathersuddenly；childless，andthelastofhisHouse，whichhadenduredthereabout300years。
OurcleverWilhelminaatBaireuth，thoughreadershaveforgottenthesmallcircumstance，hadmarriedasuperfluousSister—in—lawofherstothisKarlEdward；and，theysay，itwassomefondhopeofprogeny，suddenlydashedintonothingness，thatfinishedthepoorman，thatnightofMay25th。Inanycase，hisTerritoryfallstoPrussia，byReich’sSettlementoflongstanding（1683—1694）；
whichhadbeenconfirmedanewtothelateKing，FriedrichWilhelm:
——werememberhowhereturnedwithit，honestman，fromthatKLADRUPJOURNEYin1732，andwassniffedatforbringingnothingbetter。Andintheinterim，hisroyalHanoverCousins，covetingEastFriesland，hadclaptupanERBVERBRUDERUNGwiththepoorPrincethere（Father，Ithink，oftheonejustdead）:\"AthingULTRAVIRES，\"arguedLawyers；\"private，quasi—clandestine；
andposterior（inasense）toReich’sCONCLUSUM，1694。\"
Onwhichground，however，GeorgeII。nowsuedFricdrichatReich’sLaw，——Friedrich，weneednotsay，havinginstantlytakenpossessionofOst—Friesland。Andthereensuedarguingenoughbetweenthem，foryearscoming；verygreatexpenditureofparchment，andofmutualbarkingatthemoon（donealwaysbyproxy，andeasytodo）；
whichdoubtlessincreasedthemutualill—feeling，buthadnoothereffect。Friedrich，whohadbeenwellawaketoOst—Frieslandforsometimeback，andhadgivenhisOfficialpeople（CoccejihisMinisterofJustice，Chancellorbyandby，andoneortwosubordinates）theirpreciseInstructions，laidholdofit，withamaximumofpromptitude；therebyquashingagreatdealofmuchmoredangerouslitigationthanUncleGeorge’s。
\"InallGermany，notexceptingevenMecklenburg，therehadbeennomoreanarchicspotthanOst—Frieslandforthelastsixtyorseventyyears。ACountrywithparliamentary—lifeinextraordinaryvivacity（risingindeedtothesuicidalorinternecinepitch，intwoorthreedirections），andnexttonoregent—lifeatall。ACountrythathadlovedFreedom，notwiselybuttoowell！RitterParty，Prince’sParty，Towns’Party；——alwaystwoormoreinternecineParties:’FalseParliamentyou:traitors！’’We？FalseYOU，traitors！’——TheParishConstable，bygeneralconsent，keptwalking；
butforGovernmenttherewasthisoftheParliamentaryEloquences（threeatonce），andFreedom’sbattle，fancyit，bequeathedfromsiretoson！’ThelateKarlEdzardneveroncewasinEmbden，hischiefTown，thoughhelivedwithinadozenmilesofit。’——Andthen，stillmorequestionable，alltheseenergeticlittlePartieshadappliedtotheNeighboringGovernments，andhadeachitssmallForeignBattalion，’ToprotectUSandourjustfranchises！’
ImperialReich’s—SafeguardBattalion，DutchBattalion，DanishBattalion，——Prussian，itfirstofallwas（year1683，TownofEmbdeninvitingtheGreatElector），butitisnotsonow。
ThePrussianshadneededtobequietlyswift，onthat25thdayofMay，1744。
\"Andtrulytheywereso；Coccejihavingallthingsready；
leadingparty—menalreadysecuredtohim，troopswithincall，andthelike。ThePrussians——EmbdenTown—CouncilsinvitingtheirastonishedDutchBattalionnottobeathome——marchedquietlyintoEmbden’nextday，’andtookpossessionoftheguns。MarchedtoAurich（officialmetropolis），DanesandImperialSafeguardsayingnothing；and，inshort，withinaweekhad，intheirusualexactfashion，gotfirmholdofchaoticOst—Friesland。Andproceededtomanageit，inlikesort，——witheffectssoonsensible，andsteadilycontinuing。TheirParliamentary—lifeFriedrichleftinitsfullvigor:’Taxyourselves；whatrevenueyoulike；andseetotheoutlayofityourselves。Allowme，asLANDES—HERR，sometrifleofoverplus:howmuch，then？Furthermoreafewrecruits，——orrecruit—
moneyinlieu，ifyoulikebetter！’AnditwasastonishinghowtheParliamentaryvitality，notshortenedofitsleastfranchise，orcoercedinanyparticular，butmerelystrokedtherightwayofthehair，byagentlyformidablehand，withgoodheadguiding，sankalmoststraightwayintodove—life，andnevergaveFriedrichanytrouble，whateverelseitmightdo。Themanagementwasgood；
theopportunityalsowasgood。’Inonesitting，thePrussianAgent，arbitratingbetweenEmbdenandtheRitters，settledtheircontroversy，whichhadlastedfiftyyears。’ThepoorCountryfeltgrateful，whichitmightwelldo；asifforthelayingofgoblins，fortheendingoflong—continuedlocaltyphoon！Friedrich’sfirstVisit，in1751，waswelcomedwithuniversaljubilation；andpoorOst—Frieslandthankedhiminstillmoresolidways，whenoccasionrose。[Ranke，iii。370—382。]
\"ItisnotanimportantCountry:——onlyaboutthesizeofCheshire；
wetlikeit，andmuchinferiortoitincheese，inresourcesforleatherandlive—stock，thoughitperhapsexcels，again，inclover—
seeds，rape—seeds，Flandershorses，andtheflaxproducts。
The’clearoverplus’ityieldedtoFriedrich，asSovereignAdministratorandDefender，wasonly3，200pounds；forrecruit—
MONEY，6，000pounds（norecruitsinCORPORE）；inall，littlemorethan9，000poundsayear。Butithaditsusestoo。Embden，biggerthanChester，andwithabetterharbor，wasaplaceofgoodtrade；
andbroughtFriedrichintocontactwithsea—matters；inwhich，asweshallfind，hedidmakesomecreditableincipiencies，raisingexpectationsintheworld；andmighthavecarrieditfarther，hadnotnewWars，farworsethanthisnowathand，interruptedhim。\"
FriedrichwasatPyrmont，takingthewaters，whilethisofFrieslandfellout；hehadgonethitherMay20th；wasjustarrivedthere，fourdaysbeforethedeathofKarlEdzard。[Rodenbeck，p。102。]HisOfficials，wellpre—instructed，managedtheOst—
FrieslandQuestionmainlythemselves。Friedrichwastakingthewaters；ostensiblynothingmore。Buthewaswithal，andstillmoreearnestly，consultingwithaFrenchExcellency（whoalsohadfeltaneedofthewaters），abouttheFrenchCampaignforthisSeason:
WhetherCoignywasstrongenoughintheMiddle—RhineCountries；
howtheirGrandArmyoftheNetherlandsshapedtoprosper；
andotherthelikeinterestingpoints。[Ranke，iii。165，166。]
FrankfurtUnionisjustsigned（May22d）。MostChristianMajestyishimselfunderwaytotheNetherlands，himselfgoingtocommandthere，asweshallsee。\"Good！\"answersFriedrich:\"Butdon’tweakenCoigny，thinkofPrinceKarlonthatside；don’tdetachfromCoigny，andreducehis60，000to40，000！\"
Plentyofmutualconsulting，astheywalkinthewoodsthere。
Andhowprofoundlyobscure，tocertainOfficialpartiesmuchconcerned，judgefromthefollowingsmallDocument，preservedbyaccident:——
LYTTELTON（ouroldSoissonsFriend，nowanOfficialinPrinceFred’sHousehold，friendofPitt，andmuchelse）TOHISFATHERATHAGLEY。
ARGYLESTREET，LONDON，\"May5th[16th]，1744。
\"DEARSIR，——Mr。West[GilbertWest，ofwhomthereisstillsomememory]comeswithustoHagley；and，ifyougivemeleave，IwillbringourfriendThomsontoo\"——ohJamieThamson，JamieThamson，oh！
\"HisSEASONSwillbepublishedinaboutaweek’stime，andamostnobleworktheywillbe。
\"Ihavenopublicnewstotellyou，whichyouhavenothadintheGazettes，exceptwhatissaidinPrivateLettersfromGermany，oftheKingofPrussia’shavingdrunkhimselfintodirectmadness，andbeingconfinedonthataccount；which，iftrue，mayhaveagreateffectuponthefateofEuropeatthiscriticaltime。\"Yesindeed，iftrue。\"ThoseLetterssay，that，atareview，hecausedtwomentobetakenoutoftheline，andshot，withoutanycauseassignedforit，andorderedathirdtobemurderedinthesamemanner；
buttheMajoroftheregimentventuringtointercedeforhim，hisMajestydrewhissword，andwouldhavekilledtheOfficertoo，ifhe，perceivinghismadness，hadnottakenthelibertytosavehimself，bydisarmingtheKing；whowasimmediatelyshutup；
andtheQueen，hisMother，hastakentheRegencyuponherselftillhisrecovery。\"PAPAE！\"Idonotgiveyouthisnewsforcertain；butitisgenerallybelievedintown。LordChesterfieldsays，’HeisonlythoughttobeMADinGermany，becausehehasMOREWITthanotherGermans。’
\"TheKingofSardinia’sRetreatfromhislinesatVillaFranca，andthelossofthatTown[20thApril，oneofthosefurioustussles，FrenchandSpaniardVERSUSSardinianMajesty，intheCOULISSESorside—scenesoftheItalianWar—Theatre，neitherstagenorside—
scenesofwhichshallconcernusinthisplace]，certainlybearaveryillaspect；butitisnotconsideredas\"——anythingtospeakof；norwasit。\"WeexpectwithimpatiencetoknowwhatwillbetheeffectoftheDutchAmbassadortoParis，——[toValenciennes，asitturnsout，KingLouis，onhishigherrandtotheNetherlands，beinggotsofar；andthe\"effect\"wasnoeffectatall，exceptgoodwordsonhispart，andpersistenceinthebatteringdownofMeninandtheDutchBarrier，ofwhichweshallhearerelong]。
\"IprayGodtheSummermaybehappytous，bybeingmoreeasythanusualtoyou，\"——dearFather，muchsufferingbyincurableailments。
\"ItistheonlythingwantingtomakeHagleyParkaParadise。
\"PoorPopeis，Iamafraid，goingtoresignallthatcandieofhimtodeath；\"——didactuallydie，30thMay（10thJune）:aworld—tragedythattoo，thoughinsmallcompass，andactingitselfnextdoor，atTwickenham，withoutnoise；astarofthefirmamentgoingout；——
twin—star，Swift（Carteret’soldfriend），likewisegoingout，sunkinthesocket，\"adrivellerandashow。\"……\"Iam，withthetruestrespectandaffection，dearSir，yourmostdutifulSon，——
\"GEORGELYTTELTON。\"
[Ayscough，LordLyttelton’sMiscellaneousWorks，（Lond。，1776），iii。318。]
FriedrichreturnedfromPyrmont，11thJune；saw，withagriefofhisown，withmanythoughtswellhidden，hisSisterUlriquewhirledawayfromhim，26thJuly，inthegrayofthesummerdawn。
InBerlin，inPrussia，nobodybutoneisawareofworsejustcoming。AndnowtheWar—drumssuddenlyawakenagain；andpoorreaders——nottospeakofpoorPrussiaanditsKing！——mustreturntothatuncomfortablesphere，tillthingsmend。
EndofV14
HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV15
Volume15
ByThomasCarlyleBOOKXV。
SECONDSILESIANWAR，IMPORTANTEPISODE
INTHEGENERALEUROPEANONE。
15thAug。1744—25thDec。1745。
ChapterI。
PRELIMINARY:HOWTHEMOMENTARRIVED。
Battlebeingonceseentobeinevitable，itwasFriedrich’splannottowaitforit，buttogiveit。ThankstoFriedrichWilhelmandhimself，thereisnoArmy，noreverwasany，insuchcontinualpreparation。Militarypeoplesay，\"SomeCountriestakesixmonths，sometwelve，togetinmotionforwar:butinthreeweeksPrussiacanbeacrossthemarches，anduponthethroatofitsenemy。\"
WhichisanimmenseadvantagetolittlePrussiaamongitsbigneighbors。\"SomeCountrieshavealongerswordthanPrussia；
butnonecanunsheatheitsosoon:\"——wehope，too，itismoderatelysharp，whenwieldedbyadefthand。
TheFrench，aswasintimated，areingreatvigor，thisYear；
thoroughlyprovoked；andespeciallysinceFriedrichsenthisRothenburgamongthem，havebeendoingtheirveryutmost。
TheirmaineffortisintheNetherlands，atpresent；——andindeed，ashappened，continuesallthroughthisWartobe。Theybynomeansintend，oreverdid，toneglectTeutschland；yetitturnsout，theyhaveprettymuchdonewiththeirfightingthere。AndnextYear，drivenorledbyaccidentsofvariouskinds，theyquititaltogether；andturningtheirwholestrengthupontheNetherlandsandItaly，chieflyontheNetherlands，leaveFriedrich，muchtohisastonishment，withtheGermanWarhangingwhollyroundHISneck，andtakenochargeofitfarther！Inwhich，toFriedrich’sBiographers，thereisthisinestimablebenefit，iffarthereversetoFriedrich’sself:ThatweshallsoonhavedonewiththeFrench，then；withthemandwithsomuchelse；andmay，intimecoming，formostpart，leavetheirhugeSorcerer’sSabbathofaEuropeanWartodanceitselfout，wellinthedistance，notencumberingusfarther，likeacircumambientBedlam，asithashithertodone。
Courage，reader！Letusgive，inaglanceortwo，somenotionofthecoursethingstook，andwhatmomentitwaswhenFriedrichstruckin；——whomalone，oralmostalone，wehopetofollowthenceforth；\"DismalSwamp\"（sograciouswasHeaventous）lyingnowmostlytorearward，littleaswehopedit！
Itwasmereaccident，aseriesofbadaccidents，thatledKingLouisandhisMinistersintograduallyforsakingFriedrich。
Theywerethefarthestintheworldfromintendingsuchathing。
Contrariwise，whatbrain—beating，diplomaticspider—weaving，practicalcontriving，nowandafterwards，forthatobject；
especiallynow！Rothenburg，Noailles，Belleisle，CardinalTencin，havebeenbusy；notlessthemistressChateauroux，whoadmiresFriedrich，beingindeedahigh—mindedunfortunatefemale，astheysay；andhasthrownoutAmelot，notforstammeringalone。Theyareable，almosthighpeople，thisnewChateaurouxMinistry，comparedwithsome；andalreadyshowresults。
Nay，whatismostimportantofall，Francehas（unconsciously，orbymerehelpofNoaillesandluck）gotarealGeneraltoherArmies:ComtedeSaxe，nowMarechaldeSaxe；whowillshineverysplendentintheseNetherlandoperations，——counter—shonebymereWades，D’Ahrembergs，Cumberlands，——inthisandtheFourfollowingYears。NoailleshadalwaysrecognizedComtedeSaxe；hadlongstrivenforhim，inOfficialquarters；andheregetsthelightofhimunveiledatlast，andsetonahighplace:loyalNoailles。
ThiswastheYear，this1744，whenLouisXV。，urgedbyhisChateauroux，thehigh—souledunfortunatefemale，appearedinpersonattheheadofhistroops:\"Go，Sire，go，MONCHOU（andIwillaccompany）；showyourselfwhereaKingshouldbe，attheheadofyourtroops；beasecondLouis—le—Grand！\"Whichhedid，hisChateaurouxandhe；actuallywenttotheNetherlands，withbaggage—
trainimmeasurable，includingnotcooksonly，butplay—actorswiththeirthunder—barrels（offfromParis，May3d），totheadmirationoftheUniverse。[Adelung，iv。113；Barbier，ii。391，394；Dulaure，Hist。deParis；&c。]Tookthecommand，nominal—command，firstdaysofJune；andcapturedinno—timeMenin，Ipres，Furnes，andtheFortofKnock，andasmuchoftheAustrianNetherlandsasheliked，——thatistosay，sawNoaillesandSaxedoit；——walkingrapidlyforwardfromSiegetoSiege，withamostthunderingartillery；oldMarshalWadeandconsortsdismallyeatingtheirvictuals，andlookingonfromthedistance，unabletoattempttheleaststrokeinopposition。SothattheDutchBarrier，ifanybodynowcaredforit，didgoallflat；andtheBalanceofPowergetskickedoutofitssacredpivot:tosuchpurposehavetheDutchbeenhoisted！Terribletothinkof；——hadnotthere，fromtheoppositequarter，risenasurprisingcounterpoise；hadnottherebeenaPrinceKarl，withhis70，000，pressingvictoriouslyovertheRhine；whichstayedtheFrenchinthesesacrilegiousprocedures。
PRINCEKARLGETSACROSSTHERHINE（20JUNE—2JULY，1744）。