Lobkowitzheardofit，inspiteoftheshutgates；forallPragisagainstBelleisle，anddoesspy—workforLobkowitz。’Lethimforage，’thoughtLobkowitz；’hewillnotgrowrichbywhathegathers；’andsatstill，leavinghispontoonshighanddry。SothatBelleisle，ontheafternoonofDecember16th，——between12and14，000men，near4，000ofthemcavalry，withcannon，withprovision—wagons，baggage—wagons，goodsandchattelsinmass，——hasissuedthroughthetwoSouthwesternGates；andfindshimselffairlyoutofPrag。OnthePilsenroad；aboutnightfalloftheshortwinterday:earthallsnowand’VERGLAS，’ironglazed；hugeolive—
coloredcurtainsoftheDuskgoingdownupontheMountainsaheadofhim；shuttinginascenewhollygrimforBelleisle。
BrigadierChevert，adistinguishedanddeterminedman，withsome4，000sick，convalescentandhalfable，isleftinPragtomantheworks；theMarechalhastakenhostages，twentyNotabilitiesofPrag；andneglectednoprecaution。HemeanstowardsEger；has，atleast，gotonemarchahead；andwilldowhatisinhim，heandeverysoulofthose14，000。Theofficershavegiventheirhorsesforthebaggage—wagons，madeeverysacrifice；thewordHomewardskindlesastrangefireinallhearts；andthetroops，saymyFrenchauthorities，areunsurpassable。TheMarechalhimself，victimofrheumatisms，cannotrideatall；buthashislightsledgealwaysharnessed；and，atamoment’snotice，ispresenteverywhere。
Sleep，duringthesetendaysandnights，hehaslittle。
\"Egeris100milesoff，bytheshortestHighway:therearetwobadHighways，onebyPilsensoutherly，onebyKarlsbadnortherly，——withtheirbridgesallbroken，infestedbyHussars:——westrikeintoamiddlecombinationofcountryroads，intricateparishlanes；
andmarchzigzagacrossthesefrozenwildernesses:wemustdodgetheseFestititzHussarswarms；andcrosstheriversneartheirsprings。Forward！Perhapssomereaders，forthehighBelleisle’ssake，willlookouttheselocalitiessubjoinedintheNote，andreducedtospelling。[Tachlowitz，Lischon（nearRakonitz）；Jechnitz（asifyouwereforthePilsenroad；thenturnasiffortheKarlsbadone）；Steben（notdiscoverable，butaDESPATCHfromit，——Campagnes，v。280），Chisch，Luditz，Theysing（hereaboutsyoubreakoffintosmallercolumns，separatepartiesandpatches，cavalryallahead，amongtheHills）:SchonthalANDLandeck（BelleislepassesChristmas—dayatLandeck，——
Campagnes，vii。10）；Einsiedel（ANDbyPetschau），Lauterbach，Konigswart，ANDlikewisebyTopl，Sandau，Treunitz（thatis，intoEgerfromtwosides）。]Resting—placesinthisgrimwildernessofhis:poorsnow—cladHamlets，——withtheirlittlehoodofhumansmokerisingthroughthesnow；silentallofthem，exceptforthesoundofhereandthereaflail，orcrowingcock；——buthavebeenawakenedfromtheirtorporbythistransitofBelleisle。
Happilythebogsthemselvesareiron；deepestbogwillbear。
\"Festititztriesustwice，——veryanxioustogetBelleisle’sArmy—
chest，ormoney；wegivehimtorrentsofsharpshotinstead。
Festititz，thesetwochieftimes，wepepperrapidlyintotheHillsagain；heisreducedtohangprancingonourflanksandrear。
Menbivouacoverfiresofturf，amidsnow，amidfrost；teardown，howgreedily，anywood—workforfire。Leaveatrumpettobegquarterforthefrozenandspeechless；——whichislittlerespected:
theyareluggedincarts，striptbythesavageries，andcruellyused。Therewerefirstextensiveplains，thenboggypasses，intricatemouutains；bogandrock；snowandVERGLAS。——Onthe26th，afterindescribableendeavors，wegotintoEger；——some1，300（aboutoneinten）leftfrozeninthewilderness；andhalftheArmyfallingillatEger，ofswollenlimbs，sore—throats，andotherfatalerdiseases，fatalthen，orsoonafter。Chevert，atPrag，refusedsummonsfromPrinceLobkowitz:’No，MONPRINCE；notbyanymeans！Wewilldie，everymanofus，first；andwewillburnPragwithal！’——SothatLobkowitzhadtoconsenttoeverything；
andescortCheverttoEger，withbagandbaggage，Lobkowitzfurnishingthewagons。
\"ComparabletotheRetreatofXenophon！crymany。EveryRetreatiscomparedtothat。Avaliantfeat，afterallexaggerations。Athingwelldone，saymilitarymen；——’nothingtoobject，exceptthatthetroopsweresoruined；’——andthemostunmilitarymaysee，itistheworkofahighandgallantkindofman。Oneofthecoldestexpeditionseverknown。Therehavebeenthreeexpeditionsorretreatsofthiskindwhichwereverycold:thatofthoseSwedesintheGreatElector’stime（nottomentionthatofKarlXII。’sArmyoutofNorway，afterpoorKarlXII。gotshot）；thatofNapoleonfromMoscow；thisofBelleisle，whichistheonlyonebrilliantlyconducted，andnotendinginroutandannihilation。
\"ThetroopsrestinEgerforaweekortwo；thenhomewardthroughtheOber—Pfalz:——’goallacrosstheRhineatSpeyer’（5thFebruarynext）；theBohemianSectionoftheOriflammemakingexitinthismanner。Notquitetheeighthmanofthemleft；five—eighthsaredead:andthereareabout12，000prisoners，gonetoHungary，——whoranmostlytotheTurks，suchtreatmenthadthey，andwerenotheardofagain。\"[GuerredeBoheme，ii。221
（forthislastfact）。IB。204，andEspagnac，i。176（forparticularsoftheRetreat）；andstillbetter，Belleisle’sownDespatchandPrivateLetter（Eger，2dJanuaryand5thJanuary，1743），inCampagnes，vii。1—21。]——
Ah，Belleisle，Belleisle！
TheArmyoftheOriflammegetshomeinthissadmanner；GermanynotcutinFouratall。\"ImplacableAustrianbadgers，\"aswecallthem，\"gloomilyindignantbears，\"howhavetheyservedthisfineFrenchhunting—pack；andfromhuntedarebecomehunters，verydangeroustocontemplate！AtFrankfurt，Belleisle，forhisownpart，pauses；
cannot，inthisentirelydown—brokenstateofbody，servehisMajestyfartherinthemilitarybusiness；willdosomeneedfuldiplomaticswiththeKaiser，andretirehometogovernmentofMetz，tillhisworn—outhealthrecoveritselfalittle。
AGLANCEATVIENNA，ANDTHENATBERLIN。
PrinceKarlhadbeenbusyuponBraunau（theBAVARIANBraunau，nottheBOHEMIANoranother，Seckendorf’schiefpostontheInn）；
hadfuriouslybombardedBraunau，withred—hotballs，forsomedays；
[2d—10thDecember（Espagnac，i。171）。]intenttoexplodetheSeckendorf—Broglioprojectsbeforewinterquitecame。Seckendorf，inafinefrenzy，callstoBroglio，\"Help！\"andagaincalls；bothKaiserandhe，CRESCENDOtoahighpitch，beforeBrogliowillcome。
\"RelieveBraunau？Well；——butnofightingfarther，markyou！\"
answersBroglio。TothedisgustofKaiserandSeckendorf；whowereeagerforacombinedmovement，andheartyattackonPrinceKarl，withperhapscaptureofPassauitself。AtsightofBroglioandSeckendorfcombined，PrinceKarldidatoncewithdrawfromBraunau；
butastoattackinghim，——\"NON；MILLEFOIS，NON！\"answeredBrogliodisdainfullybellowing。FirstgrandquarrelofBroglioandSeckendorf；bynomeanstheirlast。PrinceKarlputhismeninwinter—quarters，inthosePassauregions；postponingtheexplosionoftheBroglio—Seckendorfprojects，tillSpring；andreturnedtoViennafortheWintergayetiesandbusinessesthere。HowthehighMariaTheresaiscontented，Idonothear；——readersmaytakethisNote，whichisauthentic，thoughvague，andstragglingoverwidespacesoftimestillfuture。
\"DoesherMajestystillthinkof’takingthecommandofherArmiesonherself，’highAmazonthatsheis！\"Hasnotyetthoughtofthat，Ishouldguess。\"Atonetimeshedidseriouslythinkofit，saysagoodwitness；whichisnoteworthy。[Podewils，DerWienerHof（CourtofVienna，intheyears1746，1747and1748；acurioussetofREPORTSforFriedrich’sinformation，byPodewils，hisMinisterthere）；printedunderthatTitle，\"bytheImperialAcademyofSciences\"（Wien，1850）；——maybeworthalludingtoagain，ifchanceoffer。]HerHusbandhasbeenwiththeArmies，once，twice；butnevertomuchpurpose（BrotherKarldoingthework，ifworkweredone）；——andthisisaboutthelasttime，orthelastbutone，thisinWinter1742。ShelovesherHusbandthoroughly，allalong；butgiveshimnoshareinbusiness，findingheunderstandsnothingexceptBanking。ItiscertainshechieflywasthereformerofherArmy，\"inyearscoming；\"she，athwartmanyimpediments。Anardentrider，oftenonhorseback，atpacesfuriouslyswift；herbeautifulfacetannedbytheweather。
Verydevouttoo；honesttothebone，athwartallherprejudices。
SinceourownElizabeth！noWoman，andhardlyaboveoneMan，isworthbeingnamedbesideherasaSovereignRuler；——sheis’alivingcontradictionoftheSalicLaw，’sayheradmirers。
DependsonEnglandformoney，AllheartsandrighthandsinAustriaarehers。ThelossofSchlesien，purehighwayrobbery，thrice—
dolefullossanddisgrace，ranklesincurableinthenobleheart，pioustoitsFatherswithal，andtotheirHeritagesintheworld，——weshallseewithwhatissues，forthenexttwentyyears，tothat’BOSEMANN，’unpardonably’wickedman’ofBrandenburg。Andindeed，totheendofherlife，shenevercouldgetoverit。Tothelast，theysay，ifaStranger，gettingaudience，weregraciouslyasked，’FromwhatCountry，then？’andshouldanswer，’Schlesien，yourMajesty！’shewouldburstintotears。——’Patience，highMadam！’
urgestheBritannicMajesty:’Patience；maynottherebecompensation，ifwehuntwell？’\"Austrianbears，implacablebadgers，withBritannicmastiffshelping，nowthattheBelleislePackisdown！——
AtBerlinitwasgayCarnival，whilethosetragedieswenton:
FriedrichwasopeninghisOpera—House，enjoyingthefirstballets，whileBelleislefiledoutofPragthatgloomyevening。OurpoorKaiserwillnot\"retainBohemia，\"then；howfarfromit！ThethingisnotcomfortabletoFriedrich；butwhathelp？
ThisisthegayestCarnivalyetseeninBerlin，thisimmediatelyfollowingthePeace；everybodysayingtohimselfandothers，\"GAUDEAMUS，WhataSeason！\"Notthat，inthepresenthurryofaffairs，Icandwellonoperas，assemblies，balls，sledge—parties；
orindeedhavetheleastwordtosayonsuchmatters，beyondsuggestingthemtotheimaginationofreaders。Theoperas，thecarnivalgayeties，theintricateconsiderationsanddiplomaciesofthisWinter，atBerlinandelsewhere，maybefigured:buthereisonelittlespeck，alsofromtheArchives，whichisworthsaving。
PrincessUlriqueisinhertwenty—thirdyear，PrincessAmeliainhertwentieth；beautifulclevercreatures，both；Ulriquethemorestaidofthetwo。\"NeversawsogayaCarnival，\"saideverybody；
andintheheightofit，withallmannerofgayetiesgoingon，——
thinkwherethedaintylittleshoeshavebeenpinching！
PRINCESSESULRIQUEANDAMELIATOTHEKING。
BERLIN，\"1stMarch，1743。
\"MYDEARESTBROTHER，——IknownotifitisnottooboldtotroubleyourMajestyonprivateaffairs:butthegreatconfidencewhichmySister[Amelia]andIhaveinyourkindnessencouragesustolaybeforeyouasincereavowalastothestateofourbitsoffinances（NOSPETITESFINANCES），whichareagooddealderangedjustnow；
therevenueshaving，fortwoyearsandahalfpast，beenrathersmall；amountingtoonly400crowns（60pounds）ayear；whichcouldnotbemadetocoverallthelittleexpensesrequiredintheadjustmentsofladies。Thiscircumstance，addedtoourcard—
playing，thoughsmall，whichwecouldnotdispensewith，hasledusintodebts。Mineamountto225pounds（1，500crowns）；mySister’sto270pounds（1，800crowns）。
\"WehavenotspokenofittotheQueen—Mother，thoughwearewellsureshewouldhavetriedtoassistus；butasthatcouldnothavebeendonewithoutsomeinconveniencetoher，andshewouldhaveretrenchedinsomeofherownlittleentertainments，IthoughtweshoulddobettertoapplydirecttoYourMajesty；beingpersuadedyouwouldhavetakenitamiss，hadwedeprivedtheQueenofhersmallestpleasure；——andespecially，asweconsideryou，mydearBrother，theFatheroftheFamily，andhopeyouwillbesograciousashelpus。WeshallneverforgetthekindactsofYourMajesty；
andwebegyoutobepersuadedoftheperfectandtenderattachmentwithwhichweareproudtobeallourlives，——YourMajesty’smosthumbleandmostobedientSistersandServants，\"LOUISE—ULRIQUE；ANNE—AMELIE
[whichlatteraddsanxiouslyasPostscript，Ulriquehavingwrittenhitherto]，\"P。S。ImosthumblybegYourMajestynottospeakofthistotheQueen—Mother，asperhapsshewouldnotapproveofthestepwearenowtaking。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。
i。387。]
Poorlittlesouls；bankruptcyjustimminent！IhavenodoubtFriedrichcamehandsomelyforwardonthisgraveoccasion，thoughDryasdusthasnotthegracetogivemetheleastinformation。——
\"FredericBaronTrenck，\"loud—soundingPhantasmoncefamousintheworld，nowgonetotheNurseriesasmythical，wasofthisCarnival1742—43；andofthenext，andNOTofthenextagain！Atallactualityinthattime；swaggeringaboutinsumptuousLife—guarduniform，inhismess—roomsandassembly—rooms；muchinlovewithhimself，thefool。AndIratherthink，inspiteofhisdoginsinuations，neitherPrincesshadheardofhimtilltwentyyearshence，inaverydifferentphasisofhislife！Theempty，noisy，quasi—tragicfellow；——soundsthroughoutquasi—tragically，likeanemptybarrel；well—built，longingtobeFILLED。Anditisscandalouslyfalse，whatloudTrenckinsinuates，whatstupidThiebault（alwaysstupid，incorrect，andthepreyofstupidities）
confirms，astothismatter，——fitonlyfortheNurseries，tillitceasealtogether。
VOLTAIRE，ATPARIS，ISMADEIMMORTALBYAKISS。
VoltaireandthedivineEmiliearehometoCireyagain；thatofBrussels，withtheRoyalAachenExcursion，hasbeenonlyaninterlude。Theyreturned，byslowstages，visitaftervisit，inOctoberlast，——someslakeoccurring，Isuppose，inthatinterminableHonsbruckLawsuit；andmuchbusiness，nottospeakofennui，urgingthemback。TheyarenowlatterlyinParisitself，safeintheirown\"littlepalace（PETITPALAIS）atthepointoftheIsle；\"littlejewelofahouseontheIsleSt。Louis，whichtheyarewarmingagain，afterlongabsenceinBrusselsandthebarbarouscountries。Theyhavereturnedhither，onsufferance，ongoodbehavior；multitudesofsmallinterests，smalltous，greattothem，——deathofoldFleury，hopefulchangesofMinistry，nottospeakoftheatricalsandthelike，——givingopportunityandinvitation。Madame，weobserve，ismarryingherDaughter:thehappymanaDukeofMontenero，ill—builtNeapolitan，complexionrhubarb，andfaceconsistingmuchofnose。[LetterofVoltaire，in
OEuvres，lxxiii24。]Madameneverwantsforbusiness；
businessenough，wereitonlyinthewayofshopping，visiting，consultinglawyers，doingthePureSciences。
AstoVoltaire，hehas，asusual，Playstogetacted，——ifhecan。
MAHOMET，no；MORTDECESAR，yesORno；fortheAuthoritiesareshy，inspiteofthePublic。OnePlayVoltairedidgetacted，withasuccess，——thinkofit，reader！TheexquisiteTragedyMEROPE，perhapsnowhardlyknowntoyou；ofwhichyoushallhearanon。
ButPlaysarenotall。OldPleurybeingdead，thereisagainaVacancyintheAcademy；placeamongthesacredForty，——vacantforVoltaire，ifhecangetit。Voltaireattachesendlessimportancetothisplace；beautifulasafeatherinone’scap；usefulalsotothesolitaryIshmaelofLiterature，whowillnowinacertainsensehaveThirty—nineComrades，andatleastonefixedHouse—of—Callinthisworld。Infine，nothingcanbemoreardentthanthewishofM。deVoltaireforthesesupremefelicities。TobeoftheForty，togethisPlaysacted，——oh，thenweretheSaturnianKingdomscome；
andamanmightsingIOTRIUMPHE，andtakehiseaseintheCreation，moreorless！Stealthily，asifonshoesoffelt，——asifonpawsofvelvet，witheyesluminous，tailbushy，——hewalkswarily，allenergiescompressivelysummoned，towardsthathighgoal。Hush，steady！Mayyousooncatchthatbitofsavoryred—
herring，then；worthiestofthehumanfelinetribe！——AstothePlayMEROPE，hereisthenotablepassage:
\"PARIS，WEDNESDAY，20thFEBRUARY，1743。FirstnightofMEROPE；
whichraisedtheParisPublicintotransports，sothattheyknewnotwhattodo，toexpresstheirfeelings。’Author！M。deVoltaire！
Author！’shoutedthey；summoningtheAuthor，whatisnowsocommon，butwasthenanunheard—oforiginality。’Author！Author！’Author，poorblushingcreature，laysquattedsomewhere，anddurstnotcome；
wasferretedout；producedintheLadyVillars’sBox，——DowagerMARECHALEDEVILLARS，andherSon’sWifeDUCHESSEDEVILLARS，beingthere；knownfriendsofVoltaire’s。BetweentheseTwohestandsduckingsomekindofbow；uncertain，embarrassedwhattodo；withaTheatreallinrapturousdeliriumroundhim，——uncertainittoo，butnotembarrassed。’Kisshim！MADAMELADUCHESSEDEVILLARS，EMBRASSEZVOLTAIRE！’Yes，kisshim，fairDuchess，inthenameofFrance！shoutallmortals；——andtheyoungerLadyhastodoit；
doesitwithacharminggrace；urgedbyMadamelaMarechalehermother—in—law。[Duvernet（T。J。D。V。），ViedeVoltaire，p。128；Voltairehimself，OEuvres，ii。142；Barbier，ii。358。]Ah，andMadamelaMarechalewasherselfanoldloveofVoltaire’s；whohadbeenentirelyunkindtohim！
\"ThusareyoumadeimmortalbyaKiss；——andhavenotyourchoiceoftheKiss，Fatehavingchosenforyou。TheyoungerLadywasaDaughterofMarechaldeNoailles[ourfineoldMarechal，gonetotheWarsagainsthisBritannicMajestyinthoseveryweeks]:
infinitelyclever（INFINIMENTD’ESPRIT）；beautifultoo，I
understand，thoughtowardsforty；——hangstothehumanmemory，slightlybutindissolubly，eversincethatWednesdayNightof1743。\"
OldMarechaldeNoaillesistotheWars，wesaid；——itisinaworldalltwinklingwithwatch—fires，andrakedcoalsofWar，thatthesefineCarnivalthingsgoon。Noaillesis70，000strong；postedintheRhineCountries，middleandupperRhine；vigilantlypatrollingabout，tosupportthosestaggeringBavarianAffairs；especiallytogiveaccountofhisBritannicMajesty。BrittanicMajestyisthoughttohavegottheDutchhoisted，afterall；tohavehisswordOUT；——
anderelongdoesactuallygetonmarch；uptheRhinehitherward，asistooevident，toNoailles，totheKaiserandeverybody！
ChapterIV。
AUSTRIANAFFAIRSMOUNTTOADANGEROUSHEIGHT。
Ledbyfondhopes，——anddrivenalsobythatsadfear，ofaVisitfromhisBritannicMajesty，——thepoorKaiser，intherearofthoselateSeckendorfsuccesses，quittedFrankfurt，April17th；andtheseconddayafter，gottoMunchen。SawhimselfinMunchenagain，afteraspaceofmorethantwoyears；\"allranksofpeoplecrowdingouttowelcomehim；\"thejoyofallpeople，forthemselvesandforhim，beingverygreat。NextdayhedroveouttoNymphenburg；sawthePandourdevastationsthere，——mighthaveseenthewindowwheretheruggedoldUnertlsetuphisladder，\"ForGod’ssake，yourSerenity，havenothingtodowiththoseFrench！\"——anddidnotwantforsorrowfulcomparisonsofpastandpresent。
Itwasremarked，hequittedMuncheninadayortwo；preferringCountryPalacesstillunruined，——forexample，Wolnzach，aSchlosshehas，somefiftymilesoff，downtheIserValley，notfarfromthelittleTownofMosburg；which，atanyrate，isamongtheBroglio—Seckendorfposts，andconvenientforbusiness。BroglioandSeckendorfliedottedallabout，fromBraunauuptoIngolstadtandfarther；chieflyintheIserandInnValleys，butonthenorthsideoftheDonautoo；overanarea，sayof2，000squaremiles；
SeckendorfpreachingincessantlytoBroglio，whatissun—cleartoalleyesbutBroglio’s，\"Letusconcentrate，M。leMarechal；letusmarchandattack！IfPrinceKarlcomeuponusinthisscatteredposture，whatarewetodo？\"Brogliocontinuingdeaf；Broglioanswering——inawaytodriveonefrantic。
TheKaiserhimselftakesBroglioinhand；hasascenewithBroglio；
which，toreadersthatstudyit，maybesymbolicalofmuchthatisgoneandthatiscoming。Itfell\"aboutthemiddleofMay\"（priortoMay17th，asreaderswillguessbeforelong）；andhere，accordingtoreport，wasthesomewhatexplosivefinaleithad。
PrinceConti，thesamewhorantojoinMaillebois，andhasprovedagallantfellowandgotcommandofaDivision，attendsBrogliointhisimportantinterviewatWolnzach:——
SCHLOSSOFWOLNZACH，MAY，1743……\"TheKaiserpressed，inthemostemphaticmanner，ThattheTwoArmies[FrenchandBavarian]
shouldcollectanduniteforimmediateaction。TowhichBrogliodeclaredhecouldbynomeansassent，nothavinganyorderfromParisofthattenor。TheKaiserthereupon:’Igiveyoumyorderforit；I，bytheMostChristianKing’sappointment，amCommander—in—
ChiefofyourArmy，asofmyown；andInoworderyou！’——takingouthisPatent，andspreadingitbeforeBrogliowiththesign—manualvisible，BroglioknewthePatentverywell；butanswered，’Thathecouldnot，forallthat，followthewishofhisImperialMajesty；
thathe，Broglio，hadlaterorders，andmustobeythem！’UponwhichtheImperialMajesty，natureirrepressiblyassertingitself，toweredintoOlympianheight；flunghisPatentonthetable，tellingContiandBroglio，’Youcansendthatback，then；
Patentslikethatareofnoservicetome！’andquittedtheminablaze。\"[Adelung，iii。B，150；citesETTATPOLITIQUE（AnnualRegisterofthosetimes），xiii。16。NothingofthissceneinCampagnes，whichisofficiallycarefultosuppressthelikeofthis。]
Theindisputablefactis，PrinceKarlisatthedoor；nayhehasbeateninthedoorinafrightfulmanner；andhasBraunau，keyoftheInn，againundersiege。NotwegettingPassau；itishegettingBraunau！Aweekago（9thMay）hisvanguard，onthesudden，cuttopiecesourpoorBavarian8，000，andtheirpoorMinuzzi，whowerecoveringBraunau，andhasendedhimandthem；——Minuzzihimselfprisoner，nottobeheardoforbeatenmore；——andisbatteringBraunaueversince。Thatisthesadfact，whateverthetheorymayhavebeen。PrinceKarlisrollinginfromtheeast；Lobkowitz（Pragnowended）isadvancingfromthenorthward，KhevenhullerfromtheSalzburgsouthernquarter:IsitinasprinkleofdisconnectedfractionsthatyouwillwaitPrinceKarl？Thequestionofuniting，andadvancing，oughttobeasimpleoneforBroglio。Takethisothersymbolicpassage，ofnearlythesamedate；——posterior，asweguessed，tothatInterviewatWolnzach。
\"DINGELFINGEN，17thMAY，1743。AtDingelfingenontheIser，astrongishcentralpostoftheFrench，aboutfiftymilesfartherdownthanthatSchlossofWolnzach，thereisasecondargument，——
muchcorroborativeoftheKaiser’sreasoning。Aboutsunriseofthe17th，theAustrians，insufficientforce，chieflyofPandours，appearedontheheightstothesouth:theyhadbeenforeseenthenightbefore；buttheFrenchcoveringGeneral，luckierthanMinuzzi，didnotwaitforthem；onlywarnedDingelfingen，andwithdrewacrosstheRiver，towaitthereonthesafeleftbank。
LeaderoftheAustrianswasoneLeopoldGrafvonDaun，activemanofthirty—five，alreadyofgoodrank，whowillbemuchheardofafterwards；CommandantinDingelfingenisaBrigadierduChatelet，MarquisduChatelet—Lamont；whom——aftersearch（intheinterestofsomeidlereaders）——IdiscovertobenootherthantheHusbandofacertainAlgebraicLady！Identitymadeout，markwhatapassheisat。CountDauncomesoninatempestoffuriousfire；’veryheavy，’
theysay，fromgreatgunsandsmall；tillcloseupontheplace，whenhesummonsDuChatelet:’No；’andthereuponattemptsscalade。
Cannotscalade，DuChateletandhispeoplebeingmettlesome；
takesthentoflingingshells，toburningthesuburbs；Townitselfcatchesfire，——Townplainlyindefensible。’Truceforonehour’
proposesDuChatelet（wishfultoconsultthecoveringGeneralacrosstheRiver）:’No，’answersDaun。SothatDuChatelethastojumbleandwrigglehimselfoutoftheplace；courageoustothelast；butnotinaveryParthianfashion，——greatdifficultytogethisbridgeruined（verypartiallyruined），behindhim；——andjoinsthecoveringGeneral，inaflusterysingedcondition！WerenotpursuedfartherbyDaun:——andPrinceConti，HeadGeneralinthoseparts，calleditafinedefence，onexamining。\"
[Campagnes，viii。239；Espagnac，i。187；
Hormayr，iv。82，85。]Espagnaccontinues:——
\"Onthe19th，\"afteronerest—day，\"GrafvonDaunsetoutforLandau[stillontheIser，fartherdown；BaiernhasITS\"Landau\"
too，andits\"Landshut，\"bothonthisRiver]，toseizeLandau；
whichisanotherFrenchplaceofstrength。TheGarrisondefendedthemselvesforsometime；afterwhichtheyretiredovertheRiver[leftbauk，orwrongsideoftheIser，theytoo]；andsetfiretotheBridgebehindthem。ThefireoftheBridgecaughttheTown；
Pandourshelpingit，asourpeoplesaid；andLandaualsowasreducedtoashes。\"——PoorLandau，poorDingelfingen，theycannothavethebenefitofLouisXV。’stalentforgoverningGermany，quitegratis，itwouldappear！
ButwherearethedivineEmilieandVoltaire，thatmorning，whiletheBrigadierisinsuchtaking？Sittingsafein\"thatdaintylittlepalaceofMadame’s（PETITPALAIS）atthepointoftheIsledeSt。Louis，\"intentonquiteotheradventures；disgustedwiththeslavishFortyandtheirmethodsofElection（ofwhichbyandby）；
andlittlethinkingofM。leBrigadierandthedangersofwar。
——PrincedeContipraisedtheBrigadier’sdefence:butverysoon，alas，——
DEGGENDORF，27thMAY。\"PrincedeConti，atDeggendorf[otherornorthbankoftheDonau，Head—quartersofConti，whichwasthoughttobewellsecuredbybatteriesanddefencesonthesteepheightstolandward]，washimselfsuddenlyattacked，thetenthdayhence，’May27th，atdaybreak，’inastillmorefuriousmanner；andwastumbledoutofDeggendorfamidwhirlwindsoffire，inveryflamyconditionindeed。TheAustrians，playingonusfromtheuplandswiththeirheavyartillery，madeabreachinouroutmostbattery:
’Nottenable！’exclaimedtheCaptainthere:’Thisway，mymen！’——
andwithdrew，likeashot，heandparty；slidingdownthesteepfaceofthemountain[feetforemost，Ihope]，hometoDeggendorfinthispeculiarmanner；leavingtheAUSTRIANStomanagehisguns。
Ourtwolowerbatteries，ruledbythisupperone，hadnowtobeabandoned；andContiran，BridgeoftheTown—ditchbreakingunderhim；baggages，eventohisownportmanteaus，alllost；andhadaneck—and—neckraceofitingettingtohisDonau—Bridge，andacrosstothesafeside。Withlossofeverything，wesay，——personalbaggageallincluded；whichlatteritem，PrinceKarlpolitelyreturnedhimnextday。\"[Espagnac，p。188。]
Broglio，withPrinceKarlinhisbowelsgoingatsucharate，mayjudgenowwhetheritwaswisetolieinthatlooseposture，scatteredovertwothousandsquaremiles，andsnortonhisjudiciousSeckendorf’sadvicesandurgenciesashedid！
Readersanticipatetheissue；andshallnotbeweariedfartherwithdetail。Thereare，aswesaid，ThreeAustrianArmiespressingonthislucklessBavariaanditsFrenchProtectors:Khevenhuller，fromSalzburgandthesouthernquarter，pushinginhisDauns；
Lobkowitz，hangingoverusfromtheOber—Pfalz（Naab—RiverCountry）
onthenorth；andPrinceKarl，ononeorsometimesonbothsidesoftheDonau，prickingsharplyintotherearofus；saying，bybayonets，burntbridges，bomb—shells，\"Off；swift；itwillbebetterforyou！\"AndBrogliohaslosthead，amerewhirlwindofflaminggases；andyourablestComtedeSaxeinsuchposition，whatcanhedo？BrogliowritestoVersailles，ThattherewillbenocontinuinginBavaria；thatherecommendsanordertomarchhomewards；——muchtothesurpriseofVersailles。
\"TheCourtofVersailleswasmuchastonishedatthemessageitgotfromBroglio；CourtofVersailleshadalwayscalculatedthatBrogliocouldkeepBavaria；andhadgoneintoextensivemeasuresformaintaininghimthere。ExperiencedoldMarechaldeNoailleshasanewFrenchArmy，70，000ormore，assembledintheUpperRhineforthatandthecognateobjects[ofwhom，morespecially，anon]:
Noailles，byorderfromCourt，hasdetached12，000，whoarenowmarchingtheirbest，toreinforceBroglio；——andindeedtheCourt’hadalreadyappointedtheGeneralsandStaff—OfficersforBroglio’sBavarianArmy，’andgratifiedmanymenbypromotions，whichnowwenttosmoke！[Espagnac，i。190。]
\"Versailles，however，hastoexpeditetheorder:’Comehome，then。’
Orderornoorder，Broglio’spostsareallcracklingoffagain，burstingaloftlikeachainofpowder—mines；Broglioisplungingheadforemost，towardsDonauworth，towardsIngolstadt，hisplaceofarms；Seckendorfnowwelcometojoinhim，butunabletodoanythingwhenjoined。BlusteringBrogliohasnosteadfastnessofmind；
explodeslikeaninflammablebody，inthiscracklingoffoftheposts，andbecomesamerewhirlwindofflaminggases。OldsnufflingSeckendorf，borntoillsuccessinhisolddays，strongonlyincaution，howishetoquenchorstaythiscracklingoftheposts？
Broglioblusters，reproaches，bullies；Seckendorfquarrelswithhimoutright，ashemaywelldo:’JARNI—BLEU，suchadeliriouswhirlwindofaMarechal；merebickeringflamesandsoot！’——andlooksoutchieflytokeephisownskinandthatofhispoorBavarianswhole。
\"TheunhappyKaiserhasrunfromMunchenagain，toAugsburgforsomebriefshelter；cannotstaythereeither，inthecircumstances。
WillhehavetohurrybacktoFrankfurt，tobankruptcyandfurnishedlodgings，——naytotheBritannicMajesty’stendermercies，whoseArmyisnowactuallythere？ThoseindignantprophesyingstoBroglio，attheSchlossofWolnzach，havesosooncometrue！
AndBroglioandtheFrenchare——whatastafftoleanupon！
Enough，thepoorKaiser，afterdoleful’CouncilofWarheldatAugsburg，June25th，’doesonthemorrowmakeoffforFrankfurtagain:——whitherelse？BritannicMajesty’sintentions，friendstellhim，friendWilhelmofHessentellshim，aremagnanimous；eagerforPeacetoTeutschland；hostileonlytotheFrench。PoorKarltooktheroad，June26th；——andwillfindnewsonhisarrival，orbeforeit。
\"Onwhichsameday，26thofJune，asitchances，Brogliotoohasmadehispackages；leftagarrisoninIngolstadt，garrisoninEger；
andisferryingacrossatDonauworth，——willseetheMarlboroughSchellenbergashepasses，——infullspeedfortheRhineCountries，andthefinisofthisbadBusiness。[Adelung，iii。B。152。]Ontheroad，IbelieveatDonauworthitself，Noailles’s12，000，littleforeseeingtheseretrogradeevents，metBroglio:’Rightabout，youtoo！’ordersBroglio；andspeedsRhinewardnottheless。AndthesamedayofthatferryingatDonauworth，andoftheKaiser’ssettingoutforFrankfurt，Seckendorf，——atNieder—Schonfeld[anoldMonasteryneartheTownofRain，inthoseparts]，theKaiserbeingnowsafeaway，——ismakingtermsforhimselfwithKhevenhullerandPrinceKarl:’WillliequietasmereREICHS—Army，almostasTroopsoftheSwabianCircle，overatWembdingenthere，insaidcircle，andbestrictlyneutral，ifwecanbutgetlivedatall！’[Ib。iii。
B，153。]Seckendorfconcludesonthemorrow，27thJune；——whichiselsewhereamemorableDayofBattle，aswillbeseen。
\"BrogliomarchedinFiveDivisions[DuChateletintheSecondDivision，poorsoul，whichwasledbyComtedeSaxe）:[Espagnac，i。198。]alwaysinFiveDivisions，swiftly，halfamarchapart；
throughtheWurtembergCountry；——lostmuchbaggage，manystragglers；Tolpatcheriesinmultitudecontinuallyprickingattheskirtsofhim；PrinceKarlfollowingsteadily，Rhine—wardsalso，afewmarchesbehind。Hereareomenstoreturnwith！’Buthaveyouseenaretreatbettermanaged？’thinksBrogliotohimself:\"thatisoneconsolingcircumstance。
Inthismanner，then，hastheProblemofBavariasolveditself。
HungarianMajesty，intheseweeks，wasgettingcrownedinPrag；
\"QueenofBohemia，I，notyou；inthesightofHeavenandofEarth！\"[Crowned12thMay，1743（Adelung，iii。B，128）；\"newsofPrinceKarl’shavingtakenBraunau[incipiencyofallthesesuccesses]hadreachedherthatverymorning。\"]——andwaspurifyingherBohemia:withsomerigor（itissaid），fromforeigndefacements，treasonouscompliancesandthelike，whichtherehadbeen。ToseeyourBavarianKaiser，falseKingofBohemia，yourBrogliowithhisFrench，andtheBohemian—BavarianQuestioninwhole，allrollingRhine—wardsattheirswiftest，withPrinceKarlstickingintheskirtsofthem:——whatasatisfactiontothathighLady！
BRITANNICMAJESTY，WITHSWORDACTUALLYDRAWN，HASMARCHED
MEANWHILETOTHEFRANKFURTCOUNTRIES，AS\"PRAGMATICARMY；\"
READYFORBATTLEANDTREATYALIKE。
Addtowhichfinesetofresults，simultaneouslywiththem:
HisBritannicMajesty，thirdeffortsuccessful，hasgothissworddrawn，fairlyoutatlast；andintheairismakinghorridcircleswithit，eversinceMarchlast；naydoes，heflattershimself，averyconsiderableslashwithit，inthiscurrentmonthofJune。
Ofwhich，thoughloath，wemustnowtakesomenotice。
Thefactis，thoughStaircouldnothoisttheDutch，andourdouble—quickBritannicheroismhadtodropdeadinconsequence，Carterethasdoneit:Carterethimselfrushedoverinthatcrisis，afieryemphaticmanandchiefminister，[ArrivedattheHague\"5thOctober，1742\"（Adelung，iii。A，294）。]——\"eagertopleasehisMaster’shumor！\"saidenemies。Yes，doubtless；butactingonhisownturbidbeliefwithal（saysfact）；andrevolvingbigthoughtsinhishead，aboutbringingFriedrichovertotheCauseofLiberty，givingFrenchAmbitionalessonforonce，andthelike。
Carteretstronglypulleying，\"Allhands，heave—oh！\"——and，nodoubt，thoseMaillebois—BroglioeventsfromPragassistinghim，——didbringtheHighMightinessestotheirlegs；stillinastaggeringsplay—
footedposture，buttryingtosteadythemselves。Thatistosay，theHighMightinessesdidagreetogowithusintheCauseofLiberty；willnowpayactualSubsidiestoherHungarianMajesty（attherateoftwoforourthree）；andwilladd，sosoonashumanlypossible，20，000mentothosewind—bound40，000ofours；——whichlattershallnowtherefore，atonce，as\"PragmaticArmy\"（thatisthetermfixedon），getonmarch，Frankfurtway；andstrikehomeupontheFrenchandotherenemiesofPragmaticSanction。ThisiswhatNoailleshasbeenlookingfor，thisgoodwhile，anddiligentlyadjustinghimself，inthoseMiddle—RhineCountries，togiveaccountof。
PragmaticArmylifteditselfaccordingly，——Stair，andthemostofhisEnglish，fromGhent，wherethewearisomeHead—quartershadbeen；Hanoverians，Hessians，fromwewillforgetwhere；——andinvariousstreaksandstreams，certainAustriansfromLuxemburg（withouroldfriendNeippergincompany）havingjoinedthem，areflowingRhine—wardeversinceMarch1st。[\"February18th，\"o。s。（OldNewspapers）。]TheycrosstheRhineatthreesuitablepoints；
whence，bythenorthbank，homeuponFrankfurtCountry，andtheNoailles—Brogliooperationsinthoseparts。TheEnglishcrossed\"atNeuwied，intheendofApril\"（ifanybodyiscurious）；\"LordStairinpersonsuperintendingthem。\"LordStairhasbeenmuchabout，andamostbusyperson；General—in—ChiefofthePragmaticArmytillhisBritannicMajestyarrive。GeneralissimoLordStair；andthereisGeneralClayton，GeneralLigonier，\"GeneralHeywoodleftwiththeReserveatBrussels:\"——and，fromtheashesoftheOldNewspapers，themainstagesandparticularsofthissurprisingExpedition（EnglandmarchingasPragmaticArmyintodistantparts）canberiddledout；thoughtheyrequiremostlytobeflunginagain。
Shockingweatheronthemarch，mereBoreasandicytempests；
snowinsomeplacestwofeetdeep；Rhinemuchswollen，whenwecometoit。
TheAustrianChiefGeneral——wholiesaboutWiesbaden，andconsultswithStair，whiletheEnglisharecrossing——isDuked’Ahremberg（FatherofthePrincedeLigne，or\"PrinceofCoxcombs\"assomecallhim）:littleornothingofmilitaryskillinD’Ahremberg；
butNeippergisthoughttohavegivenmuchcounsel，suchasitwas。
WiththeHessianstherewassomedifficulty；hesitationonLandgrafWilhelm’spart；whopitiesthepoorKaiser，andwouldfainseehimbackatFrankfurt，andawakentheBritannicmagnanimitiesforhim。
\"ToFrankfurt，sayyou？WecannotfightagainsttheKaiser！\"——andtheyhadtobeleftbehind，forsometime；butatlengthdidcomeon，thoughlateforbusiness，asitchanced。GeneraloftheseHessiansisPrinceGeorgeofHessen，worthystoutgentleman，whomWilhelminametattheFrankfurtGayetieslately。George’selderBrotherWilhelmisManagerorVice—Landgraf，thislongwhileback；
andinsevenoreightyearshencebecame，ashadbeenexpected，actualLandgraf（oldKingofSwedendyingchildless）；——ofwhichWilhelmweshallhavetohear，atHanau（aTownofhisinthoseparts），andperhapsslightlyelsewhere，inthecourseofthisbusiness。Afat，justman，hetoo；probablysomewhatiracund；
notwithouttroublesinhisHouse。HiseldestSon，Heir—ApparentofHessen，letmeremindreaders，hasanEnglishPrincesstoWife；
PrincessMary，KingGeorge’sDaughter，weddedtwoyearsago。
That，addedtotheSubsidies，issurelyapointofunion；——thoughagaintheremaysuchdiscrepanciesrise！Agoodwhileafterthis，theeldestSonbecomingCatholic（foolishwretch），tothehorrorofPapa，——thererosestillothernoisesintheworld，aboutHessenanditsLandgraves。OfgoodPrinceGeorge，whodoubtlessattendedinWarCouncils，butprobablysaidlittle，wehopetohearnothingmorewhatever。
FromNeuwiedtoFrankfurtisbutafewdays’marchforthePragmaticArmy；inadirectline，notsixtymiles。Frankfurtitself，whichisaREICHS—STADT（ImperialCity），theymustnotenter:\"Fearnot，CityorCountry！\"writesStairtoit:\"Wecomeassaviors，pacificators，hostiletoyourenemiesanddisturbersonly；
weunderstanddisciplineandtheLawsoftheReich，andwillpayforeverything。\"[Letteritself，ofbriefmagnanimousstrain，inCampagnesdeNoailles，i。127；date\"Neuwied，26thApril，1743\"（Adelung，iii。B，114）。]Fortherest，theyareinnohurry。TheylingerinthatFrankfurt—Nainzregion，allthroughthemonthofMay；notunobservantofNoaillesandhismovements，ifhemadeany；butoccupiedchieflywithgatheringprovisions；forming，withdifficulty，aMagazineinHanau。
\"Whattheyintended:orintend，bycominghither？\"asksthePubliceverywhere:\"TogointotheDonauCountries，andencloseBrogliobetweentwofires？\"Thathadbeen，andwasstill，Stair’sfineidea；butD’Ahremberghaddisapprovedthemethods。D’Ahremberg，itseems，israthergiventoopposingStair；——andthereriseuncertainties，inthisPragmaticArmy:certainonlyhithertotheMagazineinHanau。Andinsecret，itafterwardsappeared，theimmediaterealerrandofthisPragmaticArmyhadlain——intheChapterofMainzCathedral，andanElectionthatwasgoingonthere。
TheoldKur—Mainz，namely，hadjustdied；andtherewasanew\"ChiefSpiritualKurfurst\"tobeelectedbytheCanonsthere。
Kur—MainzisChairmanoftheReich，animportantpersonage，analogoustoSpeakeroftheHouseofCommons；andoughttobe，——bynomeanstheKaiser’syoungBrother，astheFrenchandKaiserareproposing；butamanwithAustrianleanings；——say，GrafvonOstein，titularDOM—CUSTOS（CathedralKeeper）here；latelyAmbassadorinLondon，andknowninselectsocietyforwhatheis。NotmuchofanArchbishop，ofaSpiritualorChiefSpiritualHerrhitherto；
butcapableofbeingmadeone，——werethePragmaticArmyathiselbow！ItwasonthiserrandthatthePragmaticArmyhadcomehither，orcomesoearly，andwiththeirplansstillunripe。
Andtrulytheysucceeded；gottheirOsteinchosentotheirmind:
[\"21stMarch，1743，\"Mainzvacant；\"22dApril，\"Osteinelected（Adelung，iii。B，113，121）。]anewKur—Mainz，——whoseleaningsandprocedureswereverymanifestinthesequel，andsomeofthemimportantbeforelong。ThiswasalwaysreckonedoneresultofhisBritannicMajesty’sPragmaticCampaign；——andtrulysomethinkitwas，instrictarithmetic，theonlyone，thoughthatisfarfromhisMajesty’sownopinion。
FRIEDRICHHASOBJECTIONSTOTHEPRAGMATICARMY；BUTINVAIN。
OFFRIEDRICH’SMANYENDEAVORSTOQUENCHTHISWAR，BY\"UNION
OFINDEPENDENTGERMANPRINCES，\"BY\"MEDIATIONOFTHEREICH，\"
ANDOTHERWISE；ALLINVAIN。
Friedrich，atanearlystage，hadinquiredofhisBritannicMajesty，politelybutwithemphasis，\"Whatintheworldhemeant，then，byinvadingtheGermanReich；leadingforeignArmiesintotheReich:inthisunauthorizedmanner？\"TowhichtheBritannicMajestyhadanswered，withwhatvagueargumentofwordswewillnotask，butwithalookthatwecanfancy，——lookthatwouldsplitapitcher，astheIrishsay！FriedrichpersistedtocallitanInvasionoftheGermanReich；andspoke，atfirst，offlatlyopposingitbyaReich’sArmy（30，000，oreven50，000，forBrandenburg’scontingent，insuchcase）；butasthepoorReichtooknonotice，andtheBritannicMajestywaspositive，Friedrichhadtocontenthimselfwithprotestforthepresent。[Friedrich’sRemonstranceandGeorge’sResponseareinAdelung，iii。B，132（date，\"March，1743\"）；dateofFriedrich’sfirststirringinthematteris\"January，1743，\"andearlier（ib。p。37，p。8，&c。）。]
TheexertionsofFriedrichtobringaboutaPeace，oratleasttodiminish，notincrease，thedisturbance，areforgottennow；
wearisometothinkof，astheydidnotproducethesmallestresult；
buttheyhavebeenincessantandzealous，asthoseofamantoquenchthefirewhichisstillraginginhisstreet，andfromwhichhehimselfisjustsaved。\"CannottheReichberousedforsettlementofthisBavarian—Austrianquarrel？\"thoughtFriedrichalways。Andspentagreatdealofearnestendeavorinthatdirection；wishedaReich’sARMYOFMEDIATION；\"towhichIwillmyselffurnish30，000；50，000，ifneeded。\"Reich，alas！TheReichisahorsefallendowntodie，——nousespurringattheReich；
itcannot，formanymonths，onFriedrich’sProposal（thoughthequestionwasfarfromnew，and\"hadbeentwoyearsonhand\"），cometothedecision，\"Wellthen，yes；theReichWILLtrytomoderateandmediate:\"andasforaReich’sMediation—ARMY，oranypracticalstepatall[Thequestionhadbeenstarted，\"inAugust，1741，\"bytheKaiserhimself；\"11thMarch，1743，\"againurgedbyhim，afterFriedrich’soffer；\"10thMay，1743，\"\"Yes，then，wewilltry；
but——\"andtheresultcontinuedzero。]——！
\"IsnotGermany，arenotalltheGermanPrinces，interestedtohavePeace？\"thinksFriedrich。\"AunionoftheindependentGermanPrincestorecommendPeace，andevenwithhandonsword—hilttocommandit；thatwouldbethemethodofproducingTreatyofPeace！\"
thinkshealways。Andisgreatlysetonthatmethod；which，wefind，hasbeen，andcontinuestobe，thesoulofhismanyeffortsinthismatter。Afacttobenoted。LongporinginthosemournfulimbrogliosofDryasdust，wherethefractionoflivingandimportantweltersoverwhelmedbywildernessesofthedeadandnugatory，oneatlengthdisengagesthisfact；andreadersmaytakeitalongwiththem，foritprovesilluminativeofFriedrich’sproceduresnowandafterwards。AfixednotionofFriedrich’s，thisofGermanPrinces\"uniting，\"whenthecommondangersbecomeflagrant；averylivelynotionwithhimatpresent。HewillhimselfcheerfullytaketheleadinsuchUnion，buthemustnotventurealone。[SeeAdelung，iii。AandB，passim；Valori，i。178；&c。&c。]
TheReich，whenappealedto，withsuchdegreeofemphasis，inthismatter，——weseehowtheReichhasresponded！Lateron，Friedrichtried\"theSwabianCircle\"（chiefsceneoftheseAustrian—Bavariantusslings）；whichhas，liketheotherCircles，akindofparliament，andpretendstobeapoliticalunityofsomesort。
\"CannottheSwabianCircle，orSwabianandFrankishjoined（towhichonemightdeclareoneselfPROTECTOR，insuchcase），ordertheirownCaptains，withmilitaryforceoftheirown，say20，000
men，torankontheFrontier；andtoinformperemptorilyallbelligerentsandtumultuouspersons，French，Bavarian，English，Austrian:’Nothoroughfare；wetellyou，Noadmittancehere！’\"
Friedrich，disappointedoftheReich，hadtakenupthatsmallernotion:andhespentagooddealofendeavoronthattoo，——ofwhichwemayseesomeglimpse，asweproceed。Butitprovesallfutile。
TheSwabianCircletooisamoribundhorse；allthesehorsesdeadormoribund。
Friedrich，ofcourse，hasthoughtmuchwhatkindofPeacecouldbeofferedbyamediatingparty。TheKaiserhaslosthisBavaria:
yetheistheKaiser，andmusthavealivinggrantedhimassuch。
Compensations，aspirations，claimsofterritory；thesewillbemanifold！Theseareaworldoffloatingvapor，ofgreed，ofanger，idlepretension:butwithinallthesetherearetherealnecessities；whatthecasedoesrequire，ifitisevertobesettled！FriedrichdiscernsthisAustrian—Bavariannecessityofcompensation；ofnewlandtocutupon。Andwhereisthattocomefrom！
InJanuarylast，Friedrich，intenselymeditatingthisbusiness，hadinprivateabright—enoughidea:Thatofsecularizingthoseso—calledSovereignBishoprics，Austrian—Bavarianbylocalityandnature，Passau，Salzburg，Regensburg，idleopulentterritories，withfunctionsabsurdnotuseful；——andoftherefromcuttingcompensationtorightandtoleft。Thisnotionhe，byobscurechannels，putintotheheadofBaronvonHaslang，BavarianAmbassadoratLondon；whereitgerminatedrapidly，andcametofruit；——wasofficiallysubmittedtoLordCarteretinhisownhouse，intwohighlyartisticforms，oneevening；——andsetstheDiplomaticHeadsallwagginguponit。[Adelung，iii。B，84，90，\"January—
March，1743。\"]Withgreathope，atonetime；tillrumorofitgotabroadintotheOrthodoximagination，intotheGazetteerworld；
andraisedsuchaclamor，inthosemonths，asseldomwas。
\"Secularize，Hah！Oneseesthedevilishheathenspiritofyou；
andwhatkindofKaiser，onthereligiousside，wenowhavethehappinessofhaving！\"SothatKaiserKarlhadtodenyutterly，\"Neverheardofsuchathing！\"Carterethimselfhad，inpoliteness，todeny；muchmore，andfordirecause，hadHaslanghimself，overthebellyoffacts，\"Neverinmydreams，Itellyou！\"——andtogetambiguouscertificatefromCarteret，whichthesimplecouldinterprettothateffect。[Carteret’sLetter（ibid。iii，B，190）。]
ItwasonlyinwhispersthatthenameofFriedrichwasconnectedwiththisfinescheme；andallpartiesweregladtogetitsoonburiedagain。Abrightidea；buthadcomeacenturytoosoon。
OfanotherCarteretNegotiationwithKaiserKarl，famedas\"ConferencesofHanau，\"whichhadalmostcometobeaTreaty，butdidnot；andthen，failingthat，ofafamousCarteret\"TreatyofWorms，\"whichdidcometoperfection，inthesesamelocalitiesshortlyafterwards；andwhichwereinfinitelyinterestingtoourFriedrich，boththeTreatyandtheFailureoftheTreaty，——weproposetospeakelsewhere，induetime。
AstoFriedrich’sownendeavorsandindustries，atRegensburgandelsewhere，foreffectivemediationofPeace；fortheReichtomediate，andhave\"ArmyofMediation；\"fora\"UnionofSwabianCircles\"todoit；forthisandthenforthattodoit；——astoFriedrich’sowneffortsandstrugglingsthatway，inalllikelyandinsomeunlikelyquarters，——theywere，andcontinuedtobe，earnest，incessant；butwithoutresult。LikethespurringofhorsesreallyDEADsometimeago！Ofwhichnoreaderwishesthedetails，thoughthefacthastoberemembered。Andso，withslightindicationforFriedrich’ssake，——beingintentonthestageofevents，——wemustleavethatshadowyhypotheticregion，asawoodinthebackground；themuchfoliageandmanytwigsandboughsofwhichdoauthenticallyTAKEthetroubletobethere，thoughwehavetopaintitinthissummarymanner。
ChapterV。
BRITANNICMAJESTYFIGHTSHISBATTLEOFDETTINGEN；AND
BECOMESSUPREMEJOVEOFGERMANY，INAMANNER。
BrittanicMajestywithhisYarmouth，andmartialPrinceofCumberland，arrivedatHanoverMay15th；soonfollowedbyCarteretfromtheHague:[BiographiaBritannica
（Kippin’s，？Carteret），iii。277。]aMajestypreparednowforbattleandfortreatyalike；kindofearthlyJove，ArbiterofNations，orvictoriousHerculesofthePragmatic，thesublimelittleman。
AtHerrenhausenhehasafinetime；grandlyfuglingabout；
negotiatingwithWilhelmofHessenandothers；commandinghisPragmaticArmyfromthedistance:andthenatlast，dashingoffratherinhaste，he——ItiswellknownwhatenigmaticExploithedid，atleasttheNameofitiswellknown！Here，fromtheImbroglios，isaroughAccount；partsofwhichareintroducibleforthesakeofEnglishreaders。
BATTLEOFDETTINGEN。
\"AftersomefiveleisurelyweeksinHerrenhausen，GeorgeII。（nowanoldgentlemanofsixty），withhismartialFatBoytheDukeofCumberland，andLordCarterethisDiplomatist—in—Chief，quittedthatpleasantsojourn，ratheronasudden，fortheactualSeatofWar。ByspeedyjourneystheygottoFrankfurtCountry；toHanau，June19th；whence，stilluptheMayn，twentyorthirtymilesfartherup，toAschaffenburg，——wherethePragmaticArmy，aftersomedangerousmanoeuvringontheoppositeorsouthbankoftheRiver，haslainencampedsomedays，andisinquestionableposture。
WhitherhisMajestyinpersonhashastenedup。Andtruly，ifhisMajesty’sheadcontainanygoodcounsel，thereisgreatneedofitherejustnow。
\"Captainsandmenwereimpatientofthatlongloitering，hangingidleaboutFrankfurtallthroughMay；andtheyhaveatlengthstartedrealbusiness，——withmorevalorthandiscretion，itisfeared。Theyaresome40or44，000strong:English16，000；
Hanoveriansthelikenumber；andofAustrians[bytheory20，000]，say，ineffect，12，000oreven8，000:allpaidbyEngland。
TheyhaveHanauforMagazine；theyhaverearguardof12，000[the6，000Hessians，and6，000newHanoverians]，whoatlastareactuallyonmarchthither，neararrivingthere:’Forward！’saidtheCaptaincy[saidStair，chiefly，itwasthought]:’Shallthewholesummerwasteitselftonopurpose？’——andareuptheRiverthusfar，notonthemostconsiderateterms。
\"WhatthisPragmaticArmymeanstodo？Thatis，andhasbeen，agreatquestionforalltheworld；especiallyforNoaillesandtheFrench，——nottosay，forthePragmaticitself！’GetintoLorraine？’
thinktheFrench:’GetintoAlsace，andwrestitfromus，forbehoofofherHungarianMajesty，’——plunderedgoods，whichindeedbelongtotheReichandher，inasense！ELS—SASS（Alsace，OUTER—
seat），withitsROAD—Fortress（STRASburg）plunderedfromtheHolyRomishReichbyLouisXIV。，inawaynoonecanforget；
actuallyplundered，asifbyhighwayrobbery，orbyhighwayrobberyandattorneyismcombined，onthepartofthatgreatSovereign。
’ToStrasburg？ToLorraineperhaps？OrtotheThreeBishoprics’\"
（Metz，Toul，Verdun:——readersrecollectthatSiegeofMetz，whichbrokethegreatheartofKarlV。？Whoragedandfiredasmanseldomdid，with50，000men，againstGuiseandtheintrusiveFrench，forsixweeks；soundofhiscannonheardatStrasburgonwinternights，300yearsago:tonopurpose；forhisCaptainsoftheSiege，aftertrialandsecondtrial，solemnlyshooktheirheads；andthegreatKaiser，breakingintotears，hadtoraisetheSiegeofMetz；andwenthisway，nevertosmilemoreinthisworld:andMetz，andToul，andVerdun，remainwiththeFrencheversince）:——\"TotheThreeBishoprics，possiblyenough！\"
\"’OrtheymaypurposefortheDonauCountries，whereBroglioiscracklingoffliketrainsofgunpowder；andlendhandtoPrinceKarl，therebyenclosingBrogliofires？’This，accordingtopresentaspects，isbetweentwothelikeliest。Andperhaps，hadprovendersandarrangementsbeenmadebeforehandforsuchamarch，thishadbeenthefeasiblest:and，tomyownnotion，itwassomewildhopeofdoingthiswithoutprovendersorprearrangementsthathadbroughtthePragmaticintoitspresentquartersatAschaffenburg，whichareforthemilitarymindamysterytothisday。
\"EarlyintheSpring，theFrenchGovernmeuthadequippedNoailleswith70，000men，tokeepwatch，andpatrolabout，intheRhine—MaynCountries，andlookintothosepoints。Whichhehasbeenvigilantlydoing，——postedoflateonthesouthorleftbankoftheMayn；——andisespeciallyvigilant，sinceJune14th，whenthePragmaticArmygotonmarch，acrosstheMaynatHochst；andtooktoofferinghimbattle，onhisownsouthsideoftheRiver。Noailles——thoughhisForce[still58，000，afterthatBroglioDetachmentof12，000]wasgreatlythestronger——wouldnotfight；preferredcuttingofftheEnemy’ssupplies，capturinghisriver—boats，provision—convoysfromHanau，andsettlinghimbyhunger，asthecheapermethod。
ImpetuousStairwasthwarted，byflatprotestofhisGermancolleagues，especiallybyD’Ahremberg，inFORCINGbattleonthoserashterms:’WeAustriansabsolutelywillnot！’saidD’Ahrembergatlast，andwithdrew，orwaswithdrawing，heforhispart，acrosstheRiveragain。SothatStairalsowasobligedtorecrosstheRiver，inindignanthumor；andnowliesatAschaffenburg，sufferingthesadalternative，shortdietnamely，whichwillendinfaminesoon，ifthesecounselsprevail。
\"StairandD’Ahrembergdonotwellaccordintheiropinions；
nor，itseems，isanybodyinparticularabsoluteChief；therearelikewiseheatsandjealousiesbetweentheHanoverianandtheEnglishtroops（’Arenotwecomeforallyourgoods？’’Yes，damnyou，andforallourchattelstoo！’）——andwithalitisfrightfullyuncertainwhetherahighdegreeofintellectpresidesoverthese44，000fightingmen，whichmayleadthemtosomething，oralowdegree，whichcanonlyleadthemtonothing！——TheblameisalllaidonStair；’toorash，’theysay。Possiblyenough，toorash。
Andpossiblyenoughwithal，eventoasoundmilitaryjudgment，insuchunutterablepuddleofjarringimbecilities，’rashness，’
headlongcourage，offeredtheonechancetherewasofsuccess？
Whoknows，hadallthe44，000beenasrashasStairandhisEnglish，butluck，andsheerhardfighting，mighthavefavoredhim，asskillcouldnot，inthosesadcircumstances！Stair’splanwas，’BeatNoailles，andyouhavedoneeverything:provisions，opulentnewregions，andallelseshallbeaddedtoyou！’Stair’splanmighthaveanswered，——hadStairbeenthemastertoexecuteit；
whichhewasnot。D’Ahremberg’salso，whoprotested，’Waittillyour12，000join，andyouhaveyourprovisions，’wastheorthodoxplan，andmighthavemuchtosayforitself。Butthetwoplanscollapsingintoone，——thatwastheclearlyfatalmethod！
MagnanimousStairnevermadetheleastexplanation，toanundiscerningPublicorParliament；wrapthimselfinstrictsilence，andacceptedinagrandwaywhathadcometohim。[HisPapers，tovoluminousextent，arestillintheFamilyArchives；——notinaccessible，Ithink，weretherightstudentofthem（whowouldbeararearticleamongus！）toturnup。]Clearitis，thePragmaticArmyhadcomeacrossagain，atAschaffenburg，Sunday，June16th；
andwasfoundtherebyhisMajestyontheWednesdayfollowing，withitstwointernecineplansfallenintomutualdeath；aPragmaticArmyintrulydangerouscircumstances。
\"TheEnglishwhowereinandroundAschaffenburgitself，HanoveriansandAustriansencampingfartherdown，hadputabatteryontheBridgeofAschaffenburg；hopingtobeabletoforagetherebyontheothersideoftheMayn。WhereuponNoailleshadinstantlyclaptaredoubt，underduecoverofaWood，athisendoftheBridge，’Nopassagethisway，gentlemen，exceptintothecannon’sthroat！’——sothatMarshalStair，reconnoitringthatway，’hadhishatshotoff，’andrapidlydrewbackagain。Nay，beforelong，Noailles，attheVillageofSeligenstadt，someeightmilesfartherdown，throwstwowoodenorpontoonbridgesover；[SketchofPlanatp。257。]canbringhiswholeArmyacrossatSeligenstadt；
prohibitsallmannerofsupplytousfromHanauorourMagazinesbyhisarrangementthere:\"——（NotablelittleSeligenstadt，\"CityoftheBlessed；\"whereEginhartandEmma，eversinceCharlemagne’stime，liewaitingtheResurrection；thatistheplaceoftheseNoaillescontrivances！）——\"Furthermore，welearn，Noailleshasseizedaposttwentymilesfartheruptheriver（Miltenbergthenameofit）；
andwillpreventsuppliesfromcomingdowntousoutofBrankenortheNeckarCountry。Wehadforgotten，orourCOLLAPSEofplanshaddoneit，that’anarmymovesonitsstomach’（astheKingofPrussiasays），andthatwehavenothingtoliveuponintheseparts！
\"Suchhastheunfortunatefactturnedouttobe，whenBritannicMajestyarrives；anditcannowbediscoveredclearly，byanyeyes，howeverflattothehead。Andaterriblefactitis。DiscordantGeneralsaccuseoneanother；hungrysoldierscannotbekeptfromplundering:forthehorsesthereisunriperyeinquantity；
butwhatisthereforthemen？Mypoortraditionaryfriends，oftheGreyDragoons，werewont（Ihaveheard）tobeheart—rendingonthispoint，inafteryears！Faminebeingurgent，disciplineisnotpossible，norexistenceitself。Foraweeklonger，George，ratherinobstinatehopethanwithanyreasonableplanorexertion，stilltriesit；finds，afterrepeatedCouncilsofWar，thathewillhavetogiveitup，andgobacktoHanauwherehislivingis。
Wednesdaynight，26thJune，1743，thatisthefinalresolution，inevitablycomeupon，withoutargument:andaboutoneonThursdaymorning，theArmy（intwocolumns，AustrianstovanwardwellawayfromtheRiver，Englishasrear—guardcloseonit）getsinmotiontoexecutesaidresolution，——iftheArmycan。
\"IftheArmycan:butthatisliketobeaformidablydifficultbusiness；withaNoailleswatchingeverystepofyou，to—dayandfortendaysback，inthesesadcircumstances。Eyesinhimlikealynx，theysay；andgreatskillinwar，onlytoocautious。
HardlyistheArmygonefromAschaffenburg，whenNoailles，pushingacrossbytheBridge，seizesthatpost，——noretreatnowforusthitherward。HisMajesty，whomarchesinthereardivision，hashappilysomeartillerywithhim；repelstheassaultsfrombehind，whichmighthavebeenmoreseriousotherwise。Asitis，thereplaycannonacrosstheRiveruponhim:——Whynotbendtoright，andgetoutofrange，asksthereader？TheSpessartHillsrise，highandwoody，ontheright；andthereisinmanyplacesnomarchingexceptwithinrange。NoailleshasFiveeffectiveBatteries，atthevariousgoodpoints，onhissideoftheRiver:——andthatisnothingtowhathehasgotreadyforus，wereweonceatDettingen，withinwindofhisTwoBridgesalittlebeyond！Noailleshasusinaperfectmouse—trap，SOURICIEREashefelinelycallsit；andcalculatesonhavingannihilationreadyforusatDettingen。
\"Dettingen，shortwayabovethosePontoonsatSeligenstadt，isneareightmileswestward[NORTHwestward，butletususethebrieferterm]fromAschaffenburg:DettingenisapoorpeasantVillage，ofsomesize，closeontheMayn，andonoursideofit。ABrook，comingdownfromtheSpessartMountains，fallsintotheMaynthere；
havingformedforitself，thereandupwards，aconsiderabledellorhollowway；chieflyonthewesternorrightbankofwhichstandstheVillagewithitsbarnyardsandpiggeries:onbothsidesofthegreatHigh—road，whichherecrossestheBrook，andwillleadyoutoHanautwentymilesoff，——orbacktoAschaffenburg，andeventoNurnbergandtheDonauCountries，ifyoupersevere。Exceptthatofthehigh—road，DettingenBrookhasnobridge。AbovetheVillage，aftercomingfromtheMountains，thebanksofitareboggy；
especiallythewesternbank，whichspreadsoutintoascrubbywasteofmoor，forsomegoodspace。Inwhichscrubbymoor，aselsewhereinthisdellorhollowwayitself，wheretheVillagehangs，withitshedges，piggeries，colegarths，——thereisliketobebadenoughmarchingforacolumnofmen！Noailles，aswesaid，hasTwoBridgesthrownacrosstheMayn，justbelow；andthelastofhisFiveBatteries，fromtheotherside，willcommandDettingen。Hisplanofoperationisthis:——
\"BytheseBridgeshehaspassed24，000horseandfootacrosstheRiver，underhisNephewthechivalrousDukeofGrammont:
these，withdueartilleryandequipment，aretooccupytheVillage；
andtorankthemselvesinbattle—ordertoleftwardofit，onthemoorjustmentioned，——wellbehindthathollowway，withitsbrookandbogs；——and，onethingtheymustnotewell，Nottostirfromthatposition，tilltheEnglishcolumnshavegotfairlyintosaidhollowwayandbrookofDettingen，andareplungingmoreorlessdistractedlyacrosstheentanglementsthere。Withcannonontheirleftflank，andsuchagullettopassthrough，onemayhopetheywillbeinratheranattackablecondition。Acrossthatgulletitisourintentiontheyshallneverget。Howcanthey，ifGrammontdohisduty？
\"ThisisNoailles’splan；oneoftheprettiestimaginable，saymilitarymen，——hadtheexecutionbutcorresponded。NoailleshadseizedAschaffenburg，sosoonastheEnglishwereoutofit；
Noailles，fromhisbatteriesbeyondtheRiver，salutestheEnglishmarchwithcontinuousshotandthunder，whichisverydiscomposing:
heseesconfidentlyareallyfairlikelihoodofcapturingtheBritannicMajestyandhisPragmaticArmy，unlesstheyprefertodieontheground。Seldom，sincethatoftheCaudineForks，didanyArmy，byill—luckandill—guidance，getintosuchapinfold，——deathorflatsurrenderseeminglytheironealternative。
\"ThusmarchtheseEnglish，thatdewymorning，Thursday，June27th，1743，withcannonplayingontheirleftflank；andsuchafateaheadofthem，hadtheyknownit；——veryshortofbreakfast，too，formostpart。Buttheyhaveonefinequality，andBritannicGeorge，likeallhisWelfracefromHenrytheLiondowntothesedays，hasitinaneminentdegree:theyarenoteasilyputintoflurry，intofear。InallWelfSovereigns，andgenerallyinTeutonPopulations，onthatsideoftheChanneloronthis，thereistherequisiteunconscioussubstratumoftaciturninexpugnability，withdepthsofpotentialragealmostunquenchable，tobefoundwhenyouapplyforit。Whichqualitywillmuchsteadthemonthepresentoccasion:and，indeed，itisperhapsstrengthenedbytheir’stupidity’itself，whatneighborscalltheir’stupidity；’——wantofidleimagining，idleflurrying，naywantevenofknowing，isnotoneoftheworstqualitiesjustnow！Theytrampon，payingaminimumofattentiontothecannon；ignorantofwhatisahead；