AtBecclesaRoyalGeorgepeach（10/45。Loudon’s’Gardener’sMag。’1828
page53。）producedafruit，\"threepartsofitbeingpeachandonepartnectarine，quitedistinctinappearanceaswellasinflavour。\"Thelinesofdivisionwerelongitudinal，asrepresentedinthewoodcut。Anectarine—
treegrewfiveyardsfromthistree。
ProfessorChapmanstates（10/46。Ibid1830page597。）thathehasoftenseeninVirginiaveryoldpeach—treesbearingnectarines。
Awriterinthe’Gardener’sChronicle’saysthatapeachtreeplantedfifteenyearspreviously（10/47。’Gardener’sChronicle’1841page617。）
producedthisyearanectarinebetweentwopeaches;anectarine—treegrewcloseby。
In1844（10/48。’Gardener’sChronicle’1844page589。）aVanguardpeach—
treeproduced，inthemidstofitsordinaryfruit，asingleredRomannectarine。
Mr。Calverisstated（10/49。’Phytologist’volume4page299。）tohaveraisedintheUnitedStatesaseedlingpeachwhichproducedamixedcropofbothpeachesandnectarines。
NearDorking（10/50。’Gardener’sChronicle’1856page531。）abranchoftheTetondeVenuspeach，whichreproducesitselftrulybyseed（10/51。Godron，’Del’Espece’tome2page97。），boreitsownfruit\"soremarkableforitsprominentpoint，andanectarinerathersmallerbutwellformedandquiteround。\"
Thepreviouscasesallrefertopeachessuddenlyproducingnectarines，butatCarclew（10/52。’Gardener’sChronicle’1856page531。）theuniquecaseoccurred，ofanectarine—tree，raisedtwentyyearsbeforefromseedandnevergrafted，producingafruithalfpeachandhalfnectarine;
subsequentlyboreaperfectpeach。
Tosumuptheforegoingfacts;wehaveexcellentevidenceofpeach—stonesproducingnectarine—trees，andofnectarine—stonesproducingpeach—trees，——
ofthesametreebearingpeachesandnectarines，——ofpeach—treessuddenlyproducingbybud—variationnectarines（suchnectarinesreproducingnectarinesbyseed），aswellasfruitinpartnectarineandinpartpeach，—
—and，lastly，ofonenectarine—treefirstbearinghalf—and—halffruit，andsubsequentlytruepeaches。Asthepeachcameintoexistencebeforethenectarine，itmighthavebeenexpectedfromthelawofreversionthatnectarineswouldhavegivenbirthbybud—variationorbyseedtopeaches，oftenerthanpeachestonectarines;butthisisbynomeansthecase。
Twoexplanationshavebeensuggestedtoaccountfortheseconversions。
First，thattheparenttreeshavebeenineverycasehybrids（10/53。Alph。
DeCandolle’Geograph。Bot。’page886。）betweenthepeachandnectarine，andhaverevertedbybud—variationorbyseedtooneoftheirpureparentforms。Thisviewinitselfisnotveryimprobable;fortheMountaineerpeach，whichwasraisedbyKnightfromtherednutmeg—peachbypollenoftheviolettehativenectarine（10/54。ThompsoninLoudon’s’Encyclop。ofGardening’page911。），producespeaches，butthesearesaidSOMETIMEStopartakeofthesmoothnessandflavourofthenectarine。Butletitbeobservedthatinthepreviouslistnolessthansixwell—knownvarietiesandseveralunnamedvarietiesofthepeachhaveoncesuddenlyproducedperfectnectarinesbybudvariation:anditwouldbeanextremelyrashsuppositionthatallthesevarietiesofthepeach，whichhavebeencultivatedforyearsinmanydistricts，andwhichshownotavestigeofamixedparentage，are，nevertheless，hybrids。Asecondexplanationis，thatthefruitofthepeachhasbeendirectlyaffectedbythepollenofthenectarine:althoughthiscertainlyispossible，itcannothereapply;forwehavenotashadowofevidencethatabranchwhichhasbornefruitdirectlyaffectedbyforeignpollenissoprofoundlymodifiedasafterwardstoproducebudswhichcontinuetoyieldfruitofthenewandmodifiedform。
Nowitisknownthatwhenabudonapeach—treehasonceborneanectarinethesamebranchhasinseveralinstancesgoneonduringsuccessiveyearsproducingnectarines。TheCarclewnectarine，ontheotherhand，firstproducedhalf—and—halffruit，andsubsequentlypurepeaches。Hencewemayconfidentlyacceptthecommonviewthatthenectarineisavarietyofthepeach，whichmaybeproducedeitherbybud—variationorfromseed。Inthefollowingchaptermanyanalogouscasesofbud—variationwillhegiven。
Thevarietiesofthepeachandthenectarineruninparallellines。Inbothclassesthekindsdifferfromeachotherinthefleshofthefruitbeingwhite，red，oryellow;inbeingclingstonesorfreestones;intheflowersbeinglargeorsmall，withcertainothercharacteristicdifferences;andintheleavesbeingserratedwithoutglands，orcrenatedandfurnishedwithgloboseorreniformglands。（10/55。’CatalogueofFruitinGardenofHort。
Soc。’1842page105。）Wecanhardlyaccountforthisparallelismbysupposingthateachvarietyofthenectarineisdescendedfromacorrespondingvarietyofthepeach;forthoughournectarinesarecertainlythedescendantsofseveralkindsofpeaches，yetalargenumberarethedescendantsofothernectarines，andtheyvarysomuchwhenthusreproducedthatwecanscarcelyadmittheaboveexplanation。
ThevarietiesofthepeachhavelargelyincreasedinnumbersincetheChristianera，whenfromtwotofivevarietieswereknown（10/56。Dr。A。
Targioni—Tozzetti’JournalHort。Soc。’volume9page167。Alph。deCandolle’Geograph。Bot。’page885。）andthenectarinewasunknown。Atthepresenttime，besidesmanyvarietiessaidtoexistinChina，Downingdescribes，intheUnitedStates，seventy—ninenativeandimportedvarietiesofthepeach;
andafewyearsagoLindley（10/57。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume5page554。SeealsoCarriere’DescriptionetClass。desVarietesdePechers。’）
enumeratedonehundredandsixty—fourvarietiesofthepeachandnectarinegrowninEngland。Ihavealreadyindicatedthechiefpointsofdifferencebetweentheseveralvarieties。Nectarines，evenwhenproducedfromdistinctkindsofpeaches，alwayspossesstheirownpeculiarflavour，andaresmoothandsmall。Clingstoneandfreestonepeaches，whichdifferintheripeflesheitherfirmlyadheringtothestone，oreasilyseparatingfromit，alsodifferinthecharacterofthestoneitself;thatofthefreestonesormeltersbeingmoredeeplyfissured，withthesidesofthefissuressmootherthaninclingstones。Inthevariouskindstheflowersdiffernotonlyinsize，butinthelargerflowersthepetalsaredifferentlyshaped，moreimbricated，generallyredinthecentreandpaletowardsthemargin:
whereasinthesmallerflowersthemarginofthepetalisusuallymoredarklycoloured。Onevarietyhasnearlywhiteflowers。Theleavesaremoreorlessserrated，andareeitherdestituteofglands，orhavegloboseorreniformglands（10/58。Loudon’s’Encyclop。ofGardening’page907。）andsomefewpeaches，suchastheBrugnen，bearonthesametreebothglobularandkidney—shapedglands。（10/59。M。Carrierein’Gardener’sChronicle’
1865page1154。）AccordingtoRobertson（10/60。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’
volume3page332。Seealso’Gardener’sChronicle’1865page271tosameeffect。Also’JournalofHorticulture’September26，1865page254。）thetreeswithglandularleavesareliabletoblister，butnotinanygreatdegreetomildew;whilstthenon—glandulartreesaremoresubjecttocurl，tomildew，andtotheattacksofaphides。Thevarietiesdifferintheperiodoftheirmaturity，inthefruitkeepingwell，andinhardiness，——thelattercircumstancebeingespeciallyattendedtointheUnitedStates。
Certainvarieties，suchastheBellegarde，standforcinginhot—housesbetterthanothervarieties。Theflat—peachofChinaisthemostremarkableofallthevarieties;itissomuchdepressedtowardsthesummit，thatthestoneisherecoveredonlybyroughenedskinandnotbyafleshylayer。
（10/61。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume4page512。）AnotherChinesevariety，calledtheHoney—peach，isremarkablefromthefruitterminatinginalongsharppoint;itsleavesareglandlessandwidelydentate。（10/62。’JournalofHorticulture’September8，1853page188。）TheEmperorofRussiapeachisathirdsingularvariety，havingdeeplydouble—serratedleaves;thefruitisdeeplycleftwithone—halfprojectingconsiderablybeyondtheother:itoriginatedinAmerica，anditsseedlingsinheritsimilarleaves。
（10/63。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume6page412。）
ThepeachhasalsoproducedinChinaasmallclassoftreesvaluedforornament，namelythedouble—flowered;ofthese，fivevarietiesarenowknowninEngland，varyingfrompurewhite，throughrose，tointensecrimson。（10/64。’Gardener’sChronicle’1857page216。）Oneofthesevarieties，calledthecamellia—flowered，bearsflowersabove21/4inchesindiameter，whilstthoseofthefruit—bearingkindsdonotatmostexceed11/4inchindiameter。Theflowersofthedouble—floweredpeacheshavethesingularproperty（10/65。’JournalofHort。Soc。’volume2page283。）offrequentlyproducingdoubleortreblefruit。Finally，thereisgoodreasontobelievethatthepeachisanalmondprofoundlymodified;butwhateveritsoriginmayhavebeen，therecanbenodoubtthatithasyieldedduringthelasteighteencenturiesmanyvarieties，someofthemstronglycharacterised，belongingbothtothenectarineandpeachform。
APRICOT（Prunusarmeniaca）。
Itiscommonlyadmittedthatthistreeisdescendedfromasinglespecies，nowfoundwildintheCaucasianregion。（10/66。Alph。deCandolle’Geograph。Bot。’page879。）Onthisviewthevarietiesdeservenotice，becausetheyillustratedifferencessupposedbysomebotaniststobeofspecificvalueinthealmondandplum。ThebestmonographontheapricotisbyMr。Thompson（10/67。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’2ndseriesvolume11835
page56。Seealso’Cat。ofFruitinGardenofHort。Soc。’3rdedition1842。）whodescribesseventeenvarieties。Wehaveseenthatpeachesandnectarinesvaryinastrictlyparallelmanner;andintheapricot，whichformsacloselyalliedgenus，weagainmeetwithvariationsanalogoustothoseofthepeach，aswellastothoseoftheplum。Thevarietiesdifferconsiderablyintheshapeoftheirleaves，whichareeitherserratedorcrenated，sometimeswithear—likeappendagesattheirbases，andsometimeswithglandsonthepetioles。Theflowersaregenerallyalike，butaresmallintheMasculine。Thefruitvariesmuchinsize，shape，andinhavingthesuturelittlepronouncedorabsent;intheskinbeingsmooth，ordowny，asintheorange—apricot;andinthefleshclingingtothestone，asinthelast—mentionedkind，orinreadilyseparatingfromit，asintheTurkey—
apricot。Inallthesedifferencesweseetheclosestanalogywiththevarietiesofthepeachandnectarine。Inthestonewehavemoreimportantdifferences，andtheseinthecaseoftheplumhavebeenesteemedofspecificvalue:insomeapricotsthestoneisalmostspherical，inothersmuchflattened，beingeithersharpinfrontorbluntatbothends，sometimeschannelledalongtheback，orwithasharpridgealongbothmargins。IntheMoorpark，andgenerallyintheHemskirke，thestonepresentsasingularcharacterinbeingperforated，withabundleoffibrespassingthroughtheperforationfromendtoend。Themostconstantandimportantcharacter，accordingtoThompson，iswhetherthekernelisbitterorsweet:yetinthisrespectwehaveagraduateddifference，forthekernelisverybitterinShipley’sapricot;intheHemskirkelessbitterthaninsomeotherkinds;slightlybitterintheRoyal;and\"sweetlikeahazel—nut\"intheBreda，Angoumois，andothers。Inthecaseofthealmond，bitternesshasbeenthoughtbysomehighauthoritiestoindicatespecificdifference。
InN。AmericatheRomanapricotendures\"coldandunfavourablesituations，wherenoothersort，excepttheMasculine，willsucceed;anditsblossomsbearquiteaseverefrostwithoutinjury。\"（10/68。Downing’TheFruitsofAmerica’1845page157:withrespecttotheAlbergeapricotinFranceseepage153。）AccordingtoMr。Rivers（10/69。’Gardener’sChronicle’1863page364。），seedlingapricotsdeviatebutlittlefromthecharacteroftheirrace:inFrancetheAlbergeisconstantlyreproducedfromseedwithbutlittlevariation。InLadakh，accordingtoMoorcroft（10/70。’TravelsintheHimalayanProvinces’volume11841page295。）tenvarietiesoftheapricot，verydifferentfromeachother，arecultivated，andallareraisedfromseed，exceptingone，whichisbudded。
PLUMS（Prunusinsititia）。
（FIGURE43。PLUMSTONES，ofnaturalsize，viewedlaterally。1。BullacePlum。2。ShropshireDamson。3。BlueGage。4。Orleans。5。Elvas。6。DenyersVictoria。7。Diamond。）
Formerlythesloe，P。spinosa，wasthoughttobetheparentofallourplums;butnowthishonourisverycommonlyaccordedtoP。insititiaorthebullace，whichisfoundwildintheCaucasusandN。—WesternIndia，andisnaturalisedinEngland。（10/71。SeeanexcellentdiscussiononthissubjectinHewettC。Watson’CybeleBritannica’volume4page80。）Itisnotatallimprobable，inaccordancewithsomeobservationsmadebyMr。Rivers（10/72。
’Gardener’sChronicle’1865page27。），thatboththeseforms，whichsomebotanistsrankasasinglespecies，maybetheparentsofourdomesticatedplums。Anothersupposedparent—form，theP。domestica，issaidtobefoundwildintheregionoftheCaucasus。Godronremarks（10/73。’Del’Espece’
tome2page94。OntheparentageofourplumsseealsoAlph。DeCandolle’Geograph。Bot。’page878。AlsoTargioni—Tozzetti’JournalHort。Soc。’
volume9page164。AlsoBabington’ManualofBrit。Botany’1851page87。）
thatthecultivatedvarietiesmaybedividedintotwomaingroups，whichhesupposestobedescendedfromtwoaboriginalstocks;namely，thosewithoblongfruitandstonespointedatbothends，havingnarrowseparatepetalsanduprightbranches;andthosewithroundedfruit，withstonesbluntatbothends，withroundedpetalsandspreadingbranches。Fromwhatweknowofthevariabilityoftheflowersinthepeachandofthediversifiedmannerofgrowthinourvariousfruit—trees，itisdifficulttolaymuchweightontheselattercharacters。Withrespecttotheshapeofthefruit，wehaveconclusiveevidencethatitisextremelyvariable:Downing（10/74。’FruitsofAmerica’pages276，278，284，310，314。Mr。Riversraised（’Gardener’sChronicle’1863page27）fromthePrune—peche，whichbearslarge，round，redplumsonstout，robustshoots，aseedlingwhichbearsoval，smallerfruitonshootsthataresoslenderastobealmostpendulous。）givesoutlinesoftheplumsoftwoseedlings，namely，theredandimperialgages，raisedfromthegreengage;andthefruitofbothismoreelongatedthanthatofthegreengage。Thelatterhasaverybluntbroadstone，whereasthestoneoftheimperialgageis\"ovalandpointedatbothends。\"Thesetreesalsodifferintheirmannerofgrowth:\"thegreengageisaveryshort—
jointed，slow—growingtree，ofspreadingandratherdwarfishhabit;\"whilstitsoffspring，theimperialgage，\"growsfreelyandrisesrapidly，andhaslongdarkshoots。\"ThefamousWashingtonplumbearsaglobularfruit，butitsoffspring，theemeralddrop，isnearlyasmuchelongatedasthemostelongatedplumfiguredbyDowning，namely，Manning’sprune。Ihavemadeasmallcollectionofthestonesoftwenty—fivekinds，andtheygraduateinshapefromthebluntestintothesharpestkinds。Ascharactersderivedfromseedsaregenerallyofhighsystematicimportance，Ihavethoughtitworthwhiletogivedrawingsofthemostdistinctkindsinmysmallcollection;
andtheymaybeseentodifferinasurprisingmannerinsize，outline，thickness，prominenceoftheridges，andstateofsurface。Itdeservesnoticethattheshapeofthestoneisnotalwaysstrictlycorrelatedwiththatofthefruit:thustheWashingtonplumissphericalanddepressedatthepole，withasomewhatelongatedstone，whilstthefruitoftheGoliathismoreelongated，butthestonelessso，thanintheWashington。Again，Denyer’sVictoriaandGoliathbearfruitcloselyresemblingeachother，buttheirstonesarewidelydifferent。Ontheotherhand，theHarvestandBlackMargateplumsareverydissimilar，yetincludecloselysimilarstones。
Thevarietiesoftheplumarenumerous，anddiffergreatlyinsize，shape，quality，andcolour，——beingbrightyellow，green，almostwhite，blue，purple，orred。Therearesomecuriousvarieties，suchasthedoubleorSiamese，andtheStonelessplum:inthelatterthekernelliesinaroomycavitysurroundedonlybythepulp。TheclimateofNorthAmericaappearstobesingularlyfavourablefortheproductionofnewandgoodvarieties;
Downingdescribesnolessthanforty，ofwhichsevenoffirst—ratequalityhavebeenrecentlyintroducedintoEngland。（10/75。’Gardener’sChronicle’
1855page726。）Varietiesoccasionallyarisehavinganinnateadaptationforcertainsoils，almostasstronglypronouncedaswithnaturalspeciesgrowingonthemostdistinctgeologicalformations;thusinAmericatheimperialgage，differentlyfromalmostallotherkinds，\"ispeculiarlyfittedforDRYLIGHTsoilswheremanysortsdroptheirfruit，\"whereasonrichheavysoilsthefruitisofteninsipid。（10/76。Downing’FruitTrees’
page278。）MyfathercouldneversucceedinmakingtheWine—SouryieldevenamoderatecropinasandyorchardnearShrewsbury，whilstinsomepartsofthesamecountyandinitsnativeYorkshireitbearsabundantly:oneofmyrelationsalsorepeatedlytriedinvaintogrowthisvarietyinasandydistrictinStaffordshire。
Mr。Rivershasgiven（10/77。’Gardener’sChronicle’1863page27。Sageretinhis’PomologiePhys。’page346enumeratesfivekindswhichcanbepropagatedinFrancebyseed:seealsoDowning’FruitTreesofAmerica’
page305，312，etc。）anumberofinterestingfacts，showinghowtrulymanyvarietiescanbepropagatedbyseed。Hesowedthestonesoftwentybushelsofthegreengageforthesakeofraisingstocks，andcloselyobservedtheseedlings;allhadthesmoothshoots，theprominentbuds，andtheglossyleavesofthegreengage，butthegreaternumberhadsmallerleavesandthorns。\"Therearetwokindsofdamson，onetheShropshirewithdownyshoots，andtheothertheKentishwithsmoothshoots，andthesedifferbutslightlyinanyotherrespect:Mr。RiverssowedsomebushelsoftheKentishdamson，andalltheseedlingshadsmoothshoots，butinsomethefruitwasoval，inothersroundorroundish，andinafewthefruitwassmall，and，exceptinbeingsweet，closelyresembledthatofthewildsloe。Mr。Riversgivesseveralotherstrikinginstancesofinheritance:thus，heraisedeightythousandseedlingsfromthecommonGermanQuetscheplum，and\"notonecouldbefoundvaryingintheleast，infoliageorhabit。\"SimilarfactswereobservedwiththePetiteMirabelleplum，yetthislatterkind（aswellastheQuetsche）isknowntohaveyieldedsomewell—establishedvarieties;but，asMr。Riversremarks，theyallbelongtothesamegroupwiththeMirabelle。
CHERRIES（Prunuscerasus，avium，etc。）。
Botanistsbelievethatourcultivatedcherriesaredescendedfromone，two，four，orevenmorewildstocks。（10/78。CompareAlph。DeCandolle’Geograph。Bot。’page877。BenthamandTargioni—Tozzettiin’Hort。Journal’
volume9page163;Godron’Del’Espece’tome2page92。）ThattheremustbeatleasttwoparentspecieswemayinferfromthesterilityoftwentyhybridsraisedbyMr。KnightfromthemorellofertilisedbypollenoftheEltoncherry;forthesehybridsproducedinallonlyfivecherries，andonealoneofthesecontainedaseed。（10/79。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume5
1824page295。）Mr。Thompson（10/80。Ibidsecondseriesvolume11835page248。）hasclassifiedthevarietiesinanapparentlynaturalmethodintwomaingroupsbycharacterstakenfromtheflowers，fruit，andleaves;butsomevarietieswhichstandwidelyseparateinthisclassificationarequitefertilewhencrossed;thusKnight’sEarlyBlackcherriesaretheproductofacrossbetweentwosuchkinds。
Mr。Knightstatesthatseedlingcherriesaremorevariablethanthoseofanyotherfruit—tree。（10/81。）IntheCatalogueoftheHorticulturalSocietyfor1842eightyvarietiesareenumerated。Somevarietiespresentsingularcharacters:thus，thefloweroftheClustercherryincludesasmanyastwelvepistils，ofwhichthemajorityabort;andtheyaresaidgenerallytoproducefromtwotofiveorsixcherriesaggregatedtogetherandborneonasinglepeduncle。IntheRatafiacherryseveralflower—
pedunclesarisefromacommonpeduncle，upwardsofaninchinlength。ThefruitofGascoigne’sHearthasitsapexproducedintoaglobuleordrop;
thatofthewhiteHungarianGeanhasalmosttransparentflesh。TheFlemishcherryis\"averyodd—lookingfruit，\"muchflattenedatthesummitandbase，withthelatterdeeplyfurrowed，andborneonastout，veryshortfootstalk。IntheKentishcherrythestoneadheressofirmlytothefootstalk，thatitcouldbedrawnoutoftheflesh;andthisrendersthefruitwellfittedfordrying。TheTobacco—leavedcherry，accordingtoSageretandThompson，producesgiganticleaves，morethanafootandsometimeseveneighteeninchesinlength，andhalfafootinbreadth。Theweepingcherry，ontheotherhand，isvaluableonlyasanornament，and，accordingtoDowning，is\"acharminglittletree，withslender，weepingbranches，clothedwithsmall，almostmyrtle—likefoliage。\"Thereisalsoapeach—leavedvariety。
Sageretdescribesaremarkablevariety，LEGRIOTTIERDELATOUSSAINT，whichbearsatthesametime，evenaslateasSeptember，flowersandfruitofalldegreesofmaturity。Thefruit，whichisofinferiorquality，isborneonlong，verythinfootstalks。Buttheextraordinarystatementismadethatalltheleaf—bearingshootsspringfromoldflower—buds。Lastly，thereisanimportantphysiologicaldistinctionbetweenthosekindsofcherrieswhichbearfruitonyoungoronoldwood;butSageretpositivelyassertsthataBigarreauinhisgardenborefruitonwoodofbothages。（10/82。
Theseseveralstatementsaretakenfromthefourfollowingworks，whichmay，Ibelieve，betrusted:Thompsonin’Hort。Transact。’seeabove;
Sageret’PomologiePhys。’1830pages358，364，367，379;’CatalogueoftheFruitintheGardenofHort。Soc。’1842pages57，60;Downing’TheFruitsofAmerica’1845pages189，195，200。）
APPLE（Pyrusmalus）。
Theonesourceofdoubtfeltbybotanistswithrespecttotheparentageoftheappleiswhether，besidesP。malus，twoorthreeothercloselyalliedwildforms，namely，P。acerbaandpraecoxorparadisiaca，donotdeservetoberankedasdistinctspecies。TheP。praecoxissupposedbysomeauthors（10/83。Mr。Lowestatesinhis’FloraofMadeira’quotedin’Gardener’sChronicle’1862page215thattheP。malus，withitsnearlysessilefruit，rangesfarthersouththanthelong—stalkedP。acerba，whichisentirelyabsentinMadeira，theCanaries，andapparentlyinPortugal。Thisfactsupportsthebeliefthatthesetwoformsdeservetobecalledspecies。Butthecharactersseparatingthemareofslightimportance，andofakindknowntovaryinothercultivatedfruit—trees。）tobetheparentofthedwarfparadisestock，which，owingtothefibrousrootsnotpenetratingdeeplyintotheground，issolargelyusedforgrafting;buttheparadisestocks，itisasserted（10/84。See’Journ。ofHort。Tour，byDeputationoftheCaledonianHort。Soc。’1823page459。）cannotbepropagatedtruebyseed。ThecommonwildcrabvariesconsiderablyinEngland;butmanyofthevarietiesarebelievedtobeescapedseedlings。（10/85。H。C。Watson’CybeleBritannica’volume1page334。）Everyoneknowsthegreatdifferenceinthemannerofgrowth，inthefoliage，flowers，andespeciallyinthefruit，betweenthealmostinnumerablevarietiesoftheapple。Thepipsorseeds（asIknowbycomparison）likewisedifferconsiderablyinshape，size，andcolour。Thefruitisadaptedforeatingorforcookinginvariousways，andkeepsforonlyafewweeksorfornearlytwoyears。Somefewkindshavethefruitcoveredwithapowderysecretion，calledbloom，likethatonplums;
and\"itisextremelyremarkablethatthisoccursalmostexclusivelyamongvarietiescultivatedinRussia。\"（10/86。Loudon’s’Gardener’sMag。’volume61830page83。）AnotherRussianapple，thewhiteAstracan，possessesthesingularpropertyofbecomingtransparent，whenripe，likesomesortsofcrabs。TheAPIETOILEhasfiveprominentridges，henceitsname;theAPI
NOIRisnearlyblack:theTWINCLUSTERPIPPINoftenbearsfruitjoinedinpairs。（10/87。See’CatalogueofFruitinGardenofHort。Soc。’1842andDowning’AmericanFruitTrees。’）Thetreesoftheseveralsortsdiffergreatlyintheirperiodsofleafingandflowering;inmyorchardtheCOURT
PENDUPLATproducesleavessolate，thatduringseveralspringsIthoughtthatitwasdead。TheTiffinapplescarcelybearsaleafwheninfullbloom;theCornishcrab，ontheotherhand，bearssomanyleavesatthisperiodthattheflowerscanhardlybeseen。（10/88。Loudon’sGardener’sMagazine’volume41828page112。）Insomekindsthefruitripensinmid—
summer;inothers，lateintheautumn。Theseseveraldifferencesinleafing，flowering，andfruiting，arenotatallnecessarilycorrelated;
for，asAndrewKnighthasremarked（10/89。’TheCultureoftheApple’page43。VanMonsmakesthesameremarkonthepear’ArbresFruitiers’tome2
1836page414。），noonecanjudgefromtheearlyfloweringofanewseedling，orfromtheearlysheddingorchangeofcolouroftheleaves，whetheritwillmatureitsfruitearlyintheseason。
Thevarietiesdiffergreatlyinconstitution。ItisnotoriousthatoursummersarenothotenoughfortheNewtownPippin（10/90。Lindley’s’Horticulture’page116。SeealsoKnightontheApple—Tree，in’Transact。
ofHort。Soc。’volume6page229。），whichisthegloryoftheorchardsnearNewYork;andsoitiswithseveralvarietieswhichwehaveimportedfromtheContinent。Ontheotherhand，ourCourtofWicksucceedswellunderthesevereclimateofCanada。TheCavillerougedeMicoudoccasionallybearstwocropsduringthesameyear。TheBurrKnotiscoveredwithsmallexcrescences，whichemitrootssoreadilythatabranchwithblossom—budsmaybestuckintheground，andwillrootandbearafewfruitevenduringthefirstyear。（10/91。Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume11812page120。）Mr。
Rivershasrecentlydescribed（10/92。’JournalofHorticulture’March13，1866page194。）someseedlingsvaluablefromtheirrootsrunningnearthesurface。Oneoftheseseedlingswasremarkablefromitsextremelydwarfedsize，\"formingitselfintoabushonlyafewinchesinheight。\"Manyvarietiesareparticularlyliabletocankerincertainsoils。ButperhapsthestrangestconstitutionalpeculiarityisthattheWinterMajetinisnotattackedbythemealybugorcoccus;Lindley（10/93。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’
volume4page68。ForKnight’scaseseevolume6page547。Whenthecoccusfirstappearedinthiscountryitissaid（volume2page163）thatitwasmoreinjurioustocrab—stocksthantotheapplesgraftedonthem。TheMajetinapplehasbeenfoundequallyfreeofthecoccusatMelbourneinAustralia（’Gardener’sChronicle’1871page1065）。Thewoodofthistreehasbeenthereanalysed，anditissaid（butthefactseemsastrangeone）
thatitsashcontainedover50percentoflime，whilethatofthecrabexhibitednotquite23percent。InTasmaniaMr。Wade（’Transact。NewZealandInstitute’volume41871page431）raisedseedlingsoftheSiberianBitterSweetforstocks，andhefoundbarelyonepercentofthemattackedbythecoccus。Rileyshows（’FifthReportonInsectsofMissouri’1873page87）thatintheUnitedStatessomevarietiesofapplesarehighlyattractivetothecoccusandothersverylittleso。Turningtoaverydifferentpest，namely，thecaterpillarofamoth（Carpocapsapomonella），Walshaffirms（’TheAmericanEntomologist’April1869page160）thatthemaiden—blush\"isentirelyexemptfromapple—worms。\"So，itissaid，aresomefewothervarieties;whereasothersare\"peculiarlysubjecttotheattacksofthislittlepest。\"）statesthatinanorchardinNorfolkinfestedwiththeseinsectstheMajetinwasquitefree，thoughthestockonwhichitwasgraftedwasaffected:Knightmakesasimilarstatementwithrespecttoaciderapple，andaddsthatheonlyoncesawtheseinsectsjustabovethestock，butthatthreedaysafterwardstheyentirelydisappeared;
thisapple，however，wasraisedfromacrossbetweentheGoldenHarveyandtheSiberianCrab;andthelatter，Ibelieve，isconsideredbysomeauthorsasspecificallydistinct。
ThefamousSt。Valeryapplemustnotbepassedover;theflowerhasadoublecalyxwithtendivisions，andfourteenstylessurmountedbyconspicuousobliquestigmas，butisdestituteofstamensorcorolla。Thefruitisconstrictedroundthemiddle，andisformedoffiveseed—cells，surmountedbynineothercells。（10/94。’Mem。deLaSoc。Linn。deParis’
tome31825page164;andSeringe’BulletinBot。’1830page117。）Notbeingprovidedwithstamens，thetreerequiresartificialfertilisation;andthegirlsofSt。Valeryannuallygoto\"fairesespommes，\"eachmarkingherownfruitwitharibbon;andasdifferentpollenisusedthefruitdiffers，andweherehaveaninstanceofthedirectactionofforeignpollenonthemotherplant。Thesemonstrousapplesinclude，aswehaveseen，fourteenseed—cells;thepigeon—apple（10/95。Gardener’sChronicle’1849page24。）
ontheotherhand，hasonlyfour，insteadof，aswithallcommonapples，fivecells;andthiscertainlyisaremarkabledifference。
Inthecatalogueofapplespublishedin1842bytheHorticulturalSociety，897varietiesareenumerated;butthedifferencesbetweenmostofthemareofcomparativelylittleinterest，astheyarenotstrictlyinherited。Noonecanraise，forinstance，fromtheseedoftheRibstonPippin，atreeofthesamekind;anditissaidthatthe\"SisterRibstonPippin\"wasawhitesemi—transparent，sour—fleshedapple，orratherlargecrab。（10/96。R。
Thompson，in’Gardener’sChronicle’1850page788。）Yetitwasamistaketosupposethatwithmostvarietiesthecharactersarenottoacertainextentinherited。Intwolotsofseedlingsraisedfromtwowell—markedkinds，manyworthlesscrab—likeseedlingswillappear，butitisnowknownthatthetwolotsnotonlyusuallydifferfromeachother，butresembletoacertainextenttheirparents。Weseethisindeedintheseveralsub—groupsofRussetts，Sweetings，Codlins，Pearmains，Reinettes，etc。（10/97。Sageret’PomologiePhysiologique’1830page263。Downing’FruitTrees’pages130，134，139，etc。Loudon’s’Gardener’sMag。’volume8p。317。AlexisJordan’Del’OriginedesdiversesVarietes’in’Mem。del’Acad。Imp。deLyon’tome21852pages95，114。’Gardener’sChronicle’1850pages774，788。），whichareallbelieved，andmanyareknown，tobedescendedfromothervarietiesbearingthesamenames。
PEARS（Pyruscommunis）。
Ineedsaylittleonthisfruit，whichvariesmuchinthewildstate，andtoanextraordinarydegreewhencultivated，initsfruit，flowers，andfoliage。OneofthemostcelebratedbotanistsinEurope，M。Decaisne，hascarefullystudiedthemanyvarieties（10/98。’ComptesRendus’July6，1863。）;althoughheformerlybelievedthattheywerederivedfrommorethanonespecies，henowthinksthatallbelongtoone。Hehasarrivedatthisconclusionfromfindingintheseveralvarietiesaperfectgradationbetweenthemostextremecharacters;soperfectisthisgradationthathemaintainsittobeimpossibletoclassifythevarietiesbyanynaturalmethod。M。Decaisneraisedmanyseedlingsfromfourdistinctkinds，andhascarefullyrecordedthevariationsineach。Notwithstandingthisextremedegreeofvariability，itisnowpositivelyknownthatmanykindsreproducebyseedtheleadingcharactersoftheirrace。（10/99。’Gardener’sChronicle’1856page804;1857page820;1862page1195。）
STRAWBERRIES（Fragaria）。
Thisfruitisremarkableonaccountofthenumberofspecieswhichhavebeencultivated，andfromtheirrapidimprovementwithinthelastfiftyorsixtyyears。LetanyonecomparethefruitofoneofthelargestvarietiesexhibitedatourShowswiththatofthewildwoodstrawberry，or，whichwillbeafairercomparison，withthesomewhatlargerfruitofthewildAmericanVirginianStrawberry，andhewillseewhatprodigieshorticulturehaseffected。（10/100。MostofthelargestcultivatedstrawberriesarethedescendantsofF。grandifloraorchiloensis，andIhaveseennoaccountoftheseformsintheirwildstate。Methuen’sScarlet（Downing’Fruits’page527）has\"immensefruitofthelargestsize，\"andbelongstothesectiondescendedfromF。virginiana;andthefruitofthisspecies，asIhearfromProf。A。Gray，isonlyalittlelargerthanthatofF。vesca，orourcommonwood—strawberry。）Thenumberofvarietieshaslikewiseincreasedinasurprisinglyrapidmanner。OnlythreekindswereknowninFrance，in1746，wherethisfruitwasearlycultivated。In1766fivespecieshadbeenintroduced，thesamewhicharenowcultivated，butonlyfivevarietiesofFragariavesca，withsomesub—varieties，hadbeenproduced。Atthepresentdaythevarietiesoftheseveralspeciesarealmostinnumerable。Thespeciesconsistof，firstly，thewoodorAlpinecultivatedstrawberries，descendedfromF。vesca，anativeofEuropeandofNorthAmerica。ThereareeightwildEuropeanvarieties，asrankedbyDuchesne，ofF。vesca，butseveraloftheseareconsideredspeciesbysomebotanists。Secondly，thegreenstrawberries，descendedfromtheEuropeanF。collina，andlittlecultivatedinEngland。Thirdly，theHautbois，fromtheEuropeanF。elatior。
Fourthly，theScarlets，descendedfromF。virginiana，anativeofthewholebreadthofNorthAmerica。Fifthly，theChili，descendedfromF。chiloensis，aninhabitantofthewestcoastofthetemperatepartsbothofNorthandSouthAmerica。Lastly，thepinesorCarolinas（includingtheoldBlacks），whichhavebeenrankedbymostauthorsunderthenameofF。grandifloraasadistinctspecies，saidtoinhabitSurinam;butthisisamanifesterror。
Thisformisconsideredbythehighestauthority，M。Gay，tobemerelyastronglymarkedraceofF。chiloensis。（10/101。’LeFraisier’parleComteL。deLambertye1864page50。）Thesefiveorsixformshavebeenrankedbymostbotanistsasspecificallydistinct;butthismaybedoubted，forAndrewKnight（10/102。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume31820page207。）whoraisednolessthan400crossedstrawberries，assertsthattheF。
virginiana，chiloensisandgrandiflora\"maybemadetobreedtogetherindiscriminately，\"andhefound，inaccordancewiththeprincipleofanalogousvariation，\"thatsimilarvarietiescouldbeobtainedfromtheseedsofanyoneofthem。\"
SinceKnight’stimethereisabundantandadditionalevidence（10/103。SeeanaccountbyProf。Decaisne，andbyothersin’Gardener’sChronicle’1862
page335and1858page172;andMr。Barnet’spaperin’Hort。Soc。
Transact。’volume61826page170。）oftheextenttowhichtheAmericanformsspontaneouslycross。Weoweindeedtosuchcrossesmostofourchoicestexistingvarieties。KnightdidnotsucceedincrossingtheEuropeanwood—strawberrywiththeAmericanScarletorwiththeHautbois。
Mr。WilliamsofPitmaston，however，succeeded;butthehybridoffspringfromtheHautbois，thoughfruitingwell，neverproducedseed，withtheexceptionofasingleone，whichreproducedtheparenthybridform。
（10/104。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume51824page294。）MajorR。TrevorClarkeinformsmethathecrossedtwomembersofthePineclass（Myatt’sB。
QueenandKeen’sSeedling）withthewoodandhautbois，andthatineachcaseheraisedonlyasingleseedling;oneofthesefruited，butwasalmostbarren。Mr。W。Smith，ofYork，hasraisedsimilarhybridswithequallypoorsuccess。（10/105。’JournalofHorticulture’December30，1862page779。SeealsoMr。Princetothesameeffectibid1863page418。）Wethussee（10/106。Foradditionalevidencesee’JournalofHorticulture’December9，1862page721。）thattheEuropeanandAmericanspeciescanwithsomedifficultybecrossed;butitisimprobablethathybridssufficientlyfertiletobeworthcultivationwilleverbethusproduced。Thisfactissurprising，astheseformsstructurallyarenotwidelydistinct，andaresometimesconnectedinthedistrictswheretheygrowwild，asIhearfromProfessorAsaGray，bypuzzlingintermediateforms。
TheenergeticcultureoftheStrawberryisofrecentdate，andthecultivatedvarietiescaninmostcasesbeclassedundersomeoneoftheabovenativestocks。AstheAmericanstrawberriescrosssofreelyandspontaneously，wecanhardlydoubtthattheywillultimatelybecomeinextricablyconfused。Wefind，indeed，thathorticulturistsatpresentdisagreeunderwhichclasstoranksomefewofthevarieties;andawriterinthe’BonJardinier’of1840remarksthatformerlyitwaspossibletoclassallofthemundersomeonespecies，butthatnowthisisquiteimpossiblewiththeAmericanforms，thenewEnglishvarietieshavingcompletelyfilledupthegapsbetweenthem。（10/107。’LeFraisier’parleComteL。deLambertyepages221，230。）Theblendingtogetheroftwoormoreaboriginalforms，whichthereiseveryreasontobelievehasoccurredwithsomeofourancientlycultivatedproductions，weseenowactuallyoccurringwithourstrawberries。
Thecultivatedspeciesoffersomevariationsworthnotice。TheBlackPrince，aseedlingfromKeen’sImperial（thislatterbeingaseedlingofaverywhitestrawberry，thewhiteCarolina），isremarkablefrom\"itspeculiardarkandpolishedsurface，andfrompresentinganappearanceentirelyunlikethatofanyotherkind。\"（10/108。’Transact。Hort。Soc。’
volume6page200。）Althoughthefruitinthedifferentvarietiesdifferssogreatlyinform，size，colour，andquality，theso—calledseed（whichcorrespondswiththewholefruitintheplum）withtheexceptionofbeingmoreorlessdeeplyembeddedinthepulp，is，accordingtoDeJonghe（10/109。’Gardener’sChronicle’1858page173。）absolutelythesameinall:
andthisnodoubtmaybeaccountedforbytheseedbeingofnovalue，andconsequentlynothavingbeensubjectedtoselection。Thestrawberryisproperlythree—leaved，butin1761Duchesneraisedasingle—leavedvarietyoftheEuropeanwood—strawberry，whichLinnaeusdoubtfullyraisedtotherankofaspecies。Seedlingsofthisvariety，likethoseofmostvarietiesnotfixedbylong—continuedselection，oftenreverttotheordinaryform，orpresentintermediatestates。（10/110。Godron’Del’Espece’tome1page161。）AvarietyraisedbyMr。Myatt（10/111。’Gardener’sChronicle’1851
page440。），apparentlybelongingtooneoftheAmericanformspresentsavariationofanoppositenature，forithasfiveleaves;GodronandLambertyealsomentionafive—leavedvarietyofF。collina。
TheRedBushAlpinestrawberry（oneoftheF。vescasection）doesnotproducestolonsorrunners，andthisremarkabledeviationofstructureisreproducedtrulybyseed。Anothersub—variety，theWhiteBushAlpine，issimilarlycharacterised，butwhenpropagatedbyseeditoftendegeneratesandproducesplantswithrunners。（10/112。F。Gloedein’Gardener’sChronicle’1862page1053。）AstrawberryoftheAmericanPinesectionisalsosaidtomakebutfewrunners。（10/113。Downing’Fruits’page532。）
Muchhasbeenwrittenonthesexesofstrawberries;thetrueHautboisproperlybearsthemaleandfemaleorgansonseparateplants（10/114。
Barnetin’Hort。Transact。’volume6page210。），andwasconsequentlynamedbyDuchesnedioica;butitfrequentlyproduceshermaphrodites;andLindley（10/115。’Gardener’sChronicle’1847page539。），bypropagatingsuchplantsbyrunners，atthesametimedestroyingthemales，soonraisedaself—
prolificstock。Theotherspeciesoftenshowedatendencytowardsanimperfectseparationofthesexes，asIhavenoticedwithplantsforcedinahot—house。SeveralEnglishvarieties，whichinthiscountryarefreefromanysuchtendency，whencultivatedinrichsoilsundertheclimateofNorthAmerica（10/116。FortheseveralstatementswithrespecttotheAmericanstrawberriesseeDowning’Fruits’page524;’Gardener’sChronicle’1843
page188;1847page539;1861page717。）commonlyproduceplantswithseparatesexes。ThusawholeacreofKeen’sSeedlingsintheUnitedStateshasbeenobservedtobealmoststerilefromtheabsenceofmaleflowers;
butthemoregeneralruleis，thatthemaleplantsoverrunthefemales。
SomemembersoftheCincinnatiHorticulturalSociety，especiallyappointedtoinvestigatethissubject，reportthat\"fewvarietieshavetheflowersperfectinbothsexualorgans，\"etc。ThemostsuccessfulcultivatorsinOhioplantforeverysevenrowsof\"pistillata，\"orfemaleplants，onerowofhermaphrodites，whichaffordpollenforbothkinds;butthehermaphrodites，owingtotheirexpenditureintheproductionofpollen，bearlessfruitthanthefemaleplants。
Thevarietiesdifferinconstitution。SomeofourbestEnglishkinds，suchasKeen’sSeedlings，aretootenderforcertainpartsofNorthAmerica，whereotherEnglishandmanyAmericanvarietiessucceedperfectly。Thatsplendidfruit，theBritishQueen，canbecultivatedbutinfewplaceseitherinEnglandorFrance:butthisapparentlydependsmoreonthenatureofthesoilthanontheclimate;afamousgardenersaysthat\"nomortalcouldgrowtheBritishQueenatShrublandParkunlessthewholenatureofthesoilwasaltered。\"（10/117。Mr。D。Beatonin’CottageGardener’1860
page86。Seealso’CottageGardener’1855page88andmanyotherauthorities。FortheContinentseeF。Gloedein’Gardener’sChronicle’1862
page1053。）LaConstantineisoneofthehardiestkinds，andcanwithstandRussianwinters，butitiseasilyburntbythesun，sothatitwillnotsucceedincertainsoilseitherinEnglandortheUnitedStates。（10/118。
Rev。W。F。Radclyffein’JournalofHort。’March14，1865page207。）TheFilbertPineStrawberry\"requiresmorewaterthananyothervariety;andiftheplantsoncesufferfromdrought，theywilldolittleornogoodafterwards。\"（10/119。Mr。H。Doubledayin’Gardener’sChronicle’1862page1101。）Cuthill’sBlackPrinceStrawberryevincesasingulartendencytomildew;nolessthansixcaseshavebeenrecordedofthisvarietysufferingseverely，whilstothervarietiesgrowingcloseby，andtreatedinexactlythesamemanner，werenotatallinfestedbythisfungus。（10/120。
’Gardener’sChronicle’1854page254。）Thetimeofmaturitydiffersmuchinthedifferentvarieties:somebelongingtothewoodoralpinesectionproduceasuccessionofcropsthroughoutthesummer。
GOOSEBERRY（Ribesgrossularia）。
Noone，Ibelieve，hashithertodoubtedthatallthecultivatedkindsaresprungfromthewildplantbearingthisname，whichiscommoninCentralandNorthernEurope;thereforeitwillbedesirablebrieflytospecifyallthepoints，thoughnotveryimportant，whichhavevaried。Ifitbeadmittedthatthesedifferencesareduetoculture，authorsperhapswillnotbesoreadytoassumetheexistenceofalargenumberofunknownwildparent—
stocksforourothercultivatedplants。Thegooseberryisnotalludedtobywritersoftheclassicalperiod。Turnermentionsitin1573，andParkinsonspecifieseightvarietiesin1629;theCatalogueoftheHorticulturalSocietyfor1842gives149varieties，andthelistsoftheLancashirenurserymenaresaidtoincludeabove300names。（10/121。Loudon’s’Encyclop。ofGardening’page930;andAlph。DeCandolle’Geograph。Bot。’
page910。）Inthe’GooseberryGrower’sRegister’for1862Ifindthat243
distinctvarietieshavewonprizesatvariousperiods，sothatavastnumbermusthavebeenexhibited。Nodoubtthedifferencebetweenmanyofthevarietiesisverysmall;butMr。ThompsoninclassifyingthefruitfortheHorticulturalSocietyfoundlessconfusioninthenomenclatureofthegooseberrythanofanyotherfruit，andheattributesthis\"tothegreatinterestwhichtheprize—growershavetakenindetectingsortswithwrongnames，\"andthisshowsthatallthekinds，numerousastheyare，canberecognisedwithcertainty。
Thebushesdifferintheirmannerofgrowth，beingerect，orspreading，orpendulous。Theperiodsofleafingandfloweringdifferbothabsolutelyandrelativelytoeachother;thustheWhitesmithproducesearlyflowers，whichfromnotbeingprotectedbythefoliage，asitisbelieved，continuallyfailtoproducefruit。（10/122。Loudon’s’Gardener’sMagazine’volume4
1828page112。）Theleavesvaryinsize，tint，andindepthoflobes;theyaresmooth，downy，orhairyontheuppersurface。Thebranchesaremoreorlessdownyorspinose;\"theHedgehoghasprobablyderiveditsnamefromthesingularbristlyconditionofitsshootsandfruit。\"Thebranchesofthewildgooseberry，Imayremark，aresmooth，withtheexceptionofthornsatthebasesofthebuds。Thethornsthemselvesareeitherverysmall，fewandsingle，orverylargeandtriple;theyaresometimesreflexedandmuchdilatedattheirbases。Inthedifferentvarietiesthefruitvariesinabundance，intheperiodofmaturity，inhanginguntilshrivelled，andgreatlyinsize，\"somesortshavingtheirfruitlargeduringaveryearlyperiodofgrowth，whilstothersaresmall，untilnearlyripe。\"Thefruitvariesalsomuchincolour，beingred，yellow，green，andwhite——thepulpofonedark—redgooseberrybeingtingedwithyellow;inflavour;inbeingsmoothordowny，——few，however，oftheRedgooseberries，whilstmanyoftheso—calledWhites，aredowny;orinbeingsospinosethatonekindiscalledHenderson’sPorcupine。Twokindsacquirewhenmatureapowderybloomontheirfruit。Thefruitvariesinthethicknessandveiningoftheskin，and，lastly，inshape，beingspherical，oblong，oval，orobovate。（10/123。
ThefullestaccountofthegooseberryisgivenbyMr。Thompsonin’Transact。Hort。Soc。’volume12ndseries1835page218fromwhichmostoftheforegoingfactsaretaken。）
Icultivatedfifty—fourvarieties，and，consideringhowgreatlythefruitdiffers，itwascurioushowcloselysimilartheflowerswereinallthesekinds。InonlyafewIdetectedatraceofdifferenceinthesizeorcolourofthecorolla。Thecalyxdifferedinarathergreaterdegree，forinsomekindsitwasmuchredderthaninothers;andinonesmoothwhitegooseberryitwasunusuallyred。Thecalyxalsodifferedinthebasalpartbeingsmoothorwoolly，orcoveredwithglandularhairs。Itdeservesnotice，asbeingcontrarytowhatmighthavebeenexpectedfromthelawofcorrelation，thatasmoothredgooseberryhadaremarkablyhairycalyx。TheflowersoftheSportsmanarefurnishedwithverylargecolouredbracteae;
andthisisthemostsingulardeviationofstructurewhichIhaveobserved。