ColonelJ。A。McDowell，commandingthefirstbrigade，heldhisgroundonSunday，tillIorderedhimtofallback，whichhedidinlineofbattle;andwhenordered，heconductedtheattackontheenemy’sleftingoodstyle。Infallingbacktothenextposition，hewasthrownfromhishorseandinjured，andhisbrigadewasnotinpositiononMondaymorning。Hissubordinates，。ColonelsHicksandWorthington，displayedgreatpersonalcourage。ColonelHicksledhisregimentintheattackonSunday，andreceivedawound，whichitisfearedmayprovemortal。Heisabraveandgallantgentleman，anddeserveswellofhiscountry。Lieutenant—ColonelWalcutt，oftheOhioForty—sixth，wasseverelywoundedonSunday，andhasbeendisabledeversince。Mysecondbrigade，ColonelStuart，wasdetachednearlytwomilesfrommyheadquarters。HehadtofighthisownbattleonSunday，againstsuperiornumbers，astheenemyinterposedbetweenhimandGeneralPrentissearlyintheday。
ColonelStuartwaswoundedseverely，andyetreportedfordutyonMondaymorning，butwascompelledtoleaveduringtheday，whenthecommanddevolvedonColonelT。KilbySmith，whowasalwaysinthethickestofthe，fight，andledthebrigadehandsomely。
IhavenotyetreceivedColonelStuart’sreportoftheoperationsofhisbrigadeduringthetimehewasdetached，andmustthereforeforbeartomentionnames。Lieutenant—ColonelKyle，oftheSeventy—first，wasmortallywoundedonSunday，buttheregimentitselfIdidnotsee，asonlyasmallfragmentofitwaswiththebrigadewhenitjoinedthedivisiononMondaymorning。Greatcreditisduethefragmentsofmenofthedisorderedregimentswhokeptintheadvance。Iobservedandnoticedthem，butuntilthebrigadiersandcolonelsmaketheirreports，Icannotventuretonameindividuals，butwillindueseasonnoticeallwhokeptinourfrontline，aswellasthosewhopreferredtokeepbacknearthesteamboat—landing。Iwillalsosendafulllistofthekilled，wounded，andmissing，byname，rank，company，andregiment。AtpresentIsubmittheresultinfigures:
[SummaryofGeneralSherman’sdetailedtable:]
Killed318
Wounded1275
Missing441
Aggregatelossinthedivision:2034
TheenemycapturedsevenofourgunsonSunday，butonMondaywerecoveredseven;nottheidenticalgunswehadlost，butenoughinnumbertobalancetheaccount。Atthetimeofrecoveringourcampsourmenweresofatiguedthatwecouldnotfollowtheretreatingmassesoftheenemy;butonthefollowingdayIfollowedupwithBuckland’sandHildebrand’sbrigadeforsixmiles，theresultofwhichIhavealreadyreported。
Ofmypersonalstaff，Icanonlyspeakwithpraiseandthanks。I
thinktheysmelledasmuchgunpowderandheardasmanycannon—ballsandbulletsasmustsatisfytheirambition。CaptainHammond，mychiefofstaff，thoughinfeeblehealth，wasveryactiveinrallyingbrokentroops，encouragingthesteadfastandaidingtoformthelinesofdefenseandattack。Irecommendhimtoyournotice。MajorSanger’sintelligence，quickperception，andrapidexecution，wereofverygreatvaluetome，especiallyinbringingintolinethebatteriesthatcooperatedsoefficientlyinourmovements。CaptainsMcCoyandDayton，aides—de—camp，werewithmeallthetime，carryingorders，andactingwithcoolness，spirit，andcourage。ToSurgeonHartshorneandDr。L’Hommedieuhundredsofwoundedmenareindebtedforthekindandexcellenttreatmentreceivedonthefieldofbattleandinthevarioustemporaryhospitalscreatedalongthelineofouroperations。Theyworkeddayandnight，anddidnotresttillallthewoundedofourowntroopsaswellasoftheenemywereinsafeandcomfortableshelter。ToMajorTaylor，chiefofartillery，Ifeelunderdeepobligations，forhisgoodsenseandjudgmentinmanagingthebatteries，onwhichsomuchdepended。Iinclosehisreportandindorsehisrecommendations。Thecavalryofmycommandkepttotherear，andtooklittlepartintheaction;butitwouldhavebeenmadnesstohaveexposedhorsestothemusketry—fireunderwhichwewerecompelledtoremainfromSundayat8a。m。tillMondayat4p。m。CaptainKossack，oftheengineers，waswithmeallthetime，andwasofgreatassistance。Iinclosehissketchofthebattle—
field，whichisthebestIhaveseen，andwhichwillenableyoutoseethevariouspositionsoccupiedbymydivision，aswellasoftheothersthatparticipatedinthebattle。Iwillalsosendin，duringtheday，thedetailedreportsofmybrigadiersandcolonels，andwillindorsethemwithsuchremarksasIdeemproper。
Iam，withmuchrespect，yourobedientservant，W。T。SHERMAN，Brigadier—GeneralcommandingFifthDivision。
HEADQUARTERSFIFTHDIVISION
Tuesday，April8，1862
Sir:Withthecavalryplacedatmycommandandtwobrigadesofmyfatiguedtroops，IwentthismorningoutontheCorinthroad。Oneafteranotheroftheabandonedcampsoftheenemylinedtheroads，withhospitalflagsfortheirprotection;atallwefoundmoreorlesswoundedanddeadmen。AttheforksoftheroadIfoundtheheadofGeneralT。J。Wood’sdivisionofBuell’sArmy。IorderedcavalrytoexaminebothroadslendingtowardCorinth，andfoundtheenemyonboth。ColonelDickey，oftheFourthIllinoisCavalry，askingforreenforcements，IorderedGeneralWoodtoadvancetheheadofhiscolumncautiouslyontheleft—handroad，whileI
conductedtheheadofthethirdbrigadeofmydivisionuptheright—handroad。Abouthalfamilefromtheforkswasaclearfield，throughwhichtheroadpassed，and，immediatelybeyond，aspaceofsometwohundredyardsoffallentimber，andbeyondthatanextensiverebelcamp。Theenemy’scavalrycouldbeseeninthiscamp;afterreconnoiesance，IorderedthetwoadvancecompaniesoftheOhioSeventy—seventh，ColonelHildebrand，todeployforwardasskirmishers，andtheregimentitselfforwardintoline，withanintervalofonehundredyards。Inthisorderweadvancedcautiouslyuntiltheskirmisherswereengaged。Takingitforgrantedthisdispositionwouldclearthecamp，IheldColonelDickey’sFourthIllinoisCavalryreadyforthecharge。Theenemy’scavalrycamedownboldlyatacharge，ledbyGeneralForrestinperson，breakingthroughourlineofskirmishers;whentheregimentofinfantry，withoutcause，broke，threwawaytheirmuskets，andfled。Thegroundwasadmirablyadaptedforadefenseofinfantryagainstcavalry，beingmiryandcoveredwithfallentimber。
Astheregimentofinfantrybroke，Dickey’sCavalrybegantodischargetheircarbines，andfellintodisorder。Iinstantlysentorderstotherearforthebrigadetoformlineofbattle，whichwaspromptlyexecuted。Thebrokeninfantryandcavalryralliedonthisline，and，astheenemy’scavalrycametoit，ourcavalryinturnchargedanddrovethemfromthefield。IadvancedtheentirebrigadeoverthesamegroundandsentColonelDickey’scavalryamilefartherontheroad。OnexaminingthegroundwhichhadbeenoccupiedbytheSeventy—seventhOhio，wefoundfifteenofourmendeadandabouttwenty—fivewounded。Isentforwagonsandhadallthewoundedcarriedbacktocamp，andcausedthedeadtobeburied，alsothewholerebelcamptobedestroyed。
Herewefoundmuchammunitionforfield—pieces，whichwasdestroyed;alsotwocaissons，andageneralhospital，withabouttwohundredandeightyConfederatewounded，andaboutfiftyofourownwoundedmen。Nothavingthemeansofbringingthemoff，ColonelDickey，bymyorders，tookasurrender，signedbythemedicaldirector（Lyle）andbyalltheattendingsurgeons，andapledgetoreportthemselvestoyouasprisonersofwar;alsoapledgethatourwoundedshouldbecarefullyattendedto，andsurrenderedtousto—morrowassoonasambulancescouldgoout。I
inclosethiswrittendocument，andrequestthatyoucausewagonsorambulancesforourwoundedtobesentto—morrow，andthatwagons’
besenttobringinthemanytentsbelongingtouswhicharepitchedalongtheroadforfourmilesout。Ididnotdestroythem，becauseIknewtheenemycouldnotmovethem。Theroadsareverybad，andarestrewedwithabandonedwagons，ambulances，andlimber—boxes。Theenemyhassucceededincarryingofftheguns，buthascrippledhisbatteriesbyabandoningthehindlimber—boxesofatleasttwentycaissons。Iamsatisfiedtheenemy’sinfantryandartillerypassedLickCreekthismorning，travelingalloflastnight，andthathelefttohisrearallhiscavalry，whichhasprotectedhisretreat;butsignsofconfusionanddisordermarkthewholeroad。Thechecksustainedbyusatthefallentimberdelayedouradvance，sothatnightcameuponusbeforethewoundedwereprovidedforandthedeadburied，andourtroopsbeingfaggedoutbythreedays’hardfighting，exposure，andprivation，Iorderedthembacktotheircamps，wheretheynoware。
Ihavethehonortobe，yourobedientservant，W。T。SHERMAN
Brigadier—GeneralcommandingDivision。
GeneralGrantdidnotmakeanofficialreportofthebattleofShiloh，butallitsincidentsandeventswerecoveredbythereportsofdivisioncommandersandSubordinates。Probablynosinglebattleofthewargaverisetosuchwildanddamagingreports。ItwaspubliclyassertedattheNorththatourarmywastakencompletelybysurprise;thattherebelscaughtusinourtents;bayonetedthemenintheirbeds;thatGeneralGrantwasdrunk;thatBuell’sopportunearrivalsavedtheArmyoftheTennesseefromutterannihilation，etc。ThesereportswereinameasuresustainedbythepublishedopinionsofGeneralsBuell，Nelson，andothers，whohadreachedthesteamboat—landingfromtheeast，justbeforenightfallofthe6th，whentherewasalargecrowdoffrightened，stampededmen，whoclamoredanddeclaredthatourarmywasalldestroyedandbeaten。PersonallyIsawGeneralGrant，whowithhisstaffvisitedmeabout10a。m。ofthe6th，whenweweredesperatelyengaged。Butwehadcheckedtheheadlongassaultofourenemy，andthenheldourground。Thisgavehimgreatsatisfaction，andhetoldmethatthingsdidnotlookaswelloverontheleft。HealsotoldmethatonhiswayupfromSavannahthatmorninghehadstoppedatCrump’sLanding，andhadorderedLewWallace’sdivisiontocrossoverSnakeCreek，soastocomeuponmyright，tellingmetolookoutforhim。Hecameagainjustbeforedark，anddescribedthelastassaultmadebytherebelsattheravine，nearthesteamboat—landing，whichhehadrepelledbyaheavybatterycollectedunderColonelJ。D。Websterandotherofficers，andhewasconvincedthatthebattlewasoverforthatday。Heorderedmetobereadytoassumetheoffensiveinthemorning，sayingthat，ashehadobservedatFortDonelsonatthecrisisofthebattle，bothsidesseemeddefeated，andwhoeverassumedtheoffensivewassuretowin。GeneralGrantalsoexplainedtomethatGeneralBuellhadreachedthebankoftheTennesseeRiveroppositePittsburgLanding，andwasintheactofferryinghistroopsacrossatthetimehewasspeakingtome。
AbouthalfanhourafterwardGeneralBuellhimselfrodeuptowhereIwas，accompaniedbyColonelsFry，Michler，andothersofhisstaff。Iwasdismountedatthetime，andGeneralBuellmadeofmeagoodmanysignificantinquiriesaboutmattersandthingsgenerally。Bytheaidofamanuscriptmapmadebymyself，I
pointedouttohimourpositionsastheyhadbeeninthemorning，andourthenpositions;IalsoexplainedthatmyrightthencoveredthebridgeoverSnakeCreekbywhichwehadalldaybeenexpectingLewWallace;thatMcClernandwasonmyleft，Hurlbutonhisleft，andsoon。ButBuellsaidhehadcomeupfromthelanding，andhadnotseenourmen，ofwhoseexistenceinfactheseemedtodoubt。I
insistedthatIhadfivethousandgoodmenstillleftinline，andthoughtthatMeClernandhadasmanymore，andthatwithwhatwasleftofHurlbut’s，W。H。L。Wallace’s，andPrentiss’sdivisions，weoughttohaveeighteenthousandmenfitforbattle。Ireckonedthattenthousandofourmenweredead，wounded，orprisoners，andthattheenemy’slosscouldnotbemachless。BuellsaidthatNelson’s，MeCook’s，andCrittendensdivisionsofhisarmy，containingeighteenthousandmen，hadarrivedandcouldcrossoverinthenight，andbereadyforthenextday’sbattle。Iarguedthatwiththesereenforcementswecouldsweepthefield。Buellseemedtomistrustus，andrepeatedlysaidthathedidnotlikethelooksofthings，especiallyabouttheboat—landing，——andIreallyfearedhewouldnotcrossoverhisarmythatnight，lestheshouldbecomeinvolvedinourgeneraldisaster。Hedidnot，ofcourse，understandtheshapeoftheground，andaskedmefortheuseofmymap，whichIlenthimonthepromisethathewouldreturnit。HehandedittoMajorMichlertohaveitcopied，andtheoriginalreturnedtome，whichMichlerdidtwoorthreedaysafterthebattle。Buelldidcrossoverthatnight，andthenextdayweassumedtheoffensiveandsweptthefield，thusgainingthebattledecisively。Nevertheless，thecontroversywasstartedandkeptup，mostlytothepersonalprejudiceofGeneralGrant，whoasusualmaintainedanimperturbablesilence。
Afterthebattle，aconstantstreamofciviliansurgeons，andsanitarycommissionagents，menandwomen，cameuptheTennesseetobringrelieftothethousandsofmaimedandwoundedsoldiersforwhomwehadimperfectmeansofshelterandcare。Thesepeoplecaughtupthecamp—stories，whichontheirreturnhometheyretailedthroughtheirlocalpapers，usuallyelevatingtheirownneighborsintoheroes，butdecryingallothers:AmongthemwasLieutenant—GovernorStanton，ofOhio，whopublishedinBelfontaine，Ohio，amostabusivearticleaboutGeneralGrantandhissubordinategenerals。AsGeneralGrantdidnotandwouldnottakeupthecudgels，Ididso。MyletterinreplytoStanton，datedJune10，1862，waspublishedintheCincinnatiCommercialsoonafteritsdate。TothisLieutenant—GovernorStantonreplied，andI
furtherrejoinedinaletterdatedJuly12，1862。Theselettersaretoopersonaltoberevived。BythistimethegoodpeopleoftheNorthhadbeguntohavetheireyesopened，andtogiveusinthefieldmorefaithandsupport。Stantonwasneveragainelectedtoanypublicoffice，andwascommonlyspokenofas\"thelateMr。
Stanton。\"Heisnowdead，andIdoubtnotinlifeheoftenregrettedhismistakeinattemptingtogainpopularfamebyabusingthearmy—leaders，thenasnowaneasyandfavoritemodeofgainingnotoriety，ifnotpopularity。Ofcourse，subsequenteventsgaveGeneralGrantandmostoftheotheractorsinthatbattletheirappropriateplaceinhistory，butthedangerofsuddenpopularclamorsiswellillustratedbythiscase。
ThobattleofShiloh，orPittsburgLanding，wasoneofthemostfiercelycontestedofthewar。OnthemorningofApril6，1862，thefivedivisionsofMcClernand，Prentiss，Hurlbut，W。H。L。
Wallace，andSherman，aggregatedaboutthirty—twothousandmen。Wehadnointrenchmentsofanysort，onthetheorythatassoonasBuellarrivedwewouldmarchtoCorinthtoattacktheenemy。Therebelarmy，commandedbyGeneralAlbertSidneyJohnston，was，accordingtotheirownreportsandadmissions，forty—fivethousandstrong，hadthemomentumofattack，andbeyondallquestionfoughtskillfullyfromearlymorningtillabout2a。m。，whentheircommander—in—chiefwaskilledbyaMini—ballinthecalfofhisleg，whichpenetratedthebootandseveredthemainartery。Therewasthenaperceptiblelullforacoupleofhours，whentheattackwasrenewed，butwithmuchlessvehemence，andcontinueduptodark。EarlyatnightthedivisionofLewWallacearrivedfromtheothersideofSnakeCreek，nothavingfiredashot。AverysmallpartofGeneralBuell’sarmywasonoursideoftheTennesseeRiverthatevening，andtheirlosswastrivial。
Duringthatnight，thethreedivisionsofMcCook，Nelson，andCrittenden，wereferriedacrosstheTennessee，andfoughtwithusthenextday（7th）。Duringthatnight，also，thetwowoodengunboats，Tyler，commandedbyLieutenantGroin，andLexington，LieutenantShirk，bothoftheregularnavy，causedshellstobethrowntowardthatpartofthefieldofbattleknowntobeoccupiedbytheenemy。Beauregardafterwardreportedhisentirelossastenthousandsixhundredandninety—nine。Ouraggregateloss，madeupfromofficialstatements，showsseventeenhundredkilled，seventhousandfourhundredandninety—fivewounded，andthreethousandandtwenty—twoprisoners;aggregate，twelvethousandtwohundredandseventeen，ofwhichtwenty—onehundredandsixty—sevenwereinBuell’sarmy，leavingforthatofGranttenthousandandfifty。
Thisresultisafairmeasureoftheamountoffightingdonebyeacharmy。
CHAPTERXI。
SHILOHTOMEMPHIS。
APIRILTOJULY，1862。
While，the\"ArmyoftheTennessee，\"underGeneralsGrantandC。F。
Smith，wasoperatinguptheTennesseeRiver，anotherforce，styledthe\"ArmyoftheMississippi，\"commandedbyMajor—GeneralJohnPope，wasmovingdirectlydowntheMississippiRiver，againstthatportionoftherebellinewhich，underGeneralsPolkandPillow，hadfallenbackfromColumbus，Kentucky，toIslandNumberTenandNewMadrid。Thisarmyhadthefullcooperationofthegunboatfleet，commandedbyAdmiralFoote，andwasassistedbythehighfloodofthatseason，whichenabledGeneralPope，bygreatskillandindustry，toopenacanalfromapointaboveIslandNumberTentoNewMadridbelow，bywhichheinterposedbetweentherebelarmyanditsavailablelineofsupplyandretreat。AttheverytimethatwewerefightingthebloodybattleontheTennesseeRiver，GeneralPopeandAdmiralFootewerebombardingthebatteriesonIslandNumberTen，andtheKentuckyshoreabreastofit;andGeneralPopehavingcrossedoverbysteamersapartofhisarmytotheeastbank，capturedalargepartofthisrebelarmy，atandnearTiptonville。
GeneralHalleckstillremainedatSt。Louis，whencehegavegeneraldirectionstothearmiesofGeneralCurtis，GeneralsGrant，Buell，andPope;andinsteadoffollowinguphismostimportantandbrilliantsuccessesdirectlydowntheMississippi，heconcludedtobringGeneralPope’sarmyaroundtotheTennessee，andtocomeinpersontocommandthere。ThegunboatfleetpushedondowntheMississippi，butwasbroughtupagainallstandingbytheheavybatteriesatFortPillow，aboutfiftymilesaboveMemphis。AboutthistimeAdmiralFarragut，withanotherlargesea—goingfleet，andwiththecooperatingarmyofGeneralButler，wasenteringtheMississippiRiverbythePasses，andpreparingtoreduceFortsJacksonandSt，PhilipinordertoreachNewOrleans;sothatallmindswereturnedtotheconquestoftheMississippiRiver，andsurelyadequatemeanswereprovidedfortheundertaking。
ThebattleofShilohhadbeenfought，asdescribed，onthe6thand7thofApril;andwhenthemovementofthe8thhadrevealedthatourenemywasgone，infullretreat，leavingkilled，wounded，andmuchpropertybytheway，weallexperiencedafeelingofrelief。
Thestrugglehadbeensolong，sodesperateandbloody，thatthesurvivorsseemedexhaustedandnerveless;weappreciatedthevalueofthevictory，butrealizedalsoitsgreatcostoflife。ThecloseofthebattlehadlefttheArmyoftheTennesseeontheright，andtheArmyoftheOhioontheleft;butIbelieveneitherGeneralGrantnorBuellexercisedcommand，theoneovertheother;
eachofthemhavinghishandsfullinrepairingdamages。Allthedivision，brigade，andregimentalcommanderswerebusyincollectingstragglers，regaininglostproperty，inburyingdeadmenandhorses，andinprovidingfortheirwounded。Somefewnewregimentscameforward，andsomechangesoforganizationbecamenecessary。Then，orverysoonafter，Iconsolidatedmyfontbrigadesintothree，whichwerecommanded:First，Brigadier—GeneralMorganL:Smith;Second，ColonelJohnA。McDowell;Third，Brigadier—GeneralJ。W。Denver。AboutthesametimeIwaspromotedtomajor—generalvolunteers。
TheSeventy—firstOhiowasdetachedtoClarksville，Tennessee，andtheSixthandEighthMissouriweretransferredtomydivision。
Inafewdaysafterthebattle，GeneralHalleckarrivedbysteamboatfromSt。Louis，pitchedhiscampnearthesteamboat—
landing，andassumedpersonalcommandofallthearmies。Hewasattendedbyhisstaff，composedofGeneralG。W。Cullum，U。S。
Engineers，ashischiefofstaff;ColonelGeorgeThom，U。S。
Engineers;andColonelsKeltonandKemper，adjutants—general。ItsoonbecamemanifestthathismindhadbeenprejudicedbytherumorswhichhadgoneforthtothedetrimentofGeneralGrant;forinafewdaysheissuedanorder，reorganizingandrearrangingthewholearmy。GeneralBuell’sArmyoftheOhioconstitutedthecentre;GeneralPope’sarmy，thenarrivingatHamburgLanding，wastheleft;therightwasmadeupofmineandHurlbut’sdivisions，belongingtotheoldArmyoftheTennessee，andtwonewones，madeupfromthefragmentsofthedivisionsofPrentissandC。F。Smith，andoftroopstransferredthereto，commandedbyGeneralsT。W。
ShermanandDavies。GeneralGeorgeH。ThomaswastakenfromBuell，tocommandtheright。McClernand’sandLewWallace’sdivisionswerestyledthereserve，tobecommandedbyMcClernand。GeneralGrantwassubstantiallyleftout，andwasnamed\"secondincommand，\"accordingtosomeFrenchnotion，withnoclear，well—definedcommandorauthority。Hestillretainedhisoldstaff，composedofRawlins，adjutant—general;Riggin，Lagow，andHilyer，aides;andhehadasmallcompanyoftheFourthIllinoisCavalryasanescort。Formorethanamonthhethusremained，withoutanyapparentauthority，frequentlyvisitingmeandothers，andrarelycomplaining;butIcouldseethathefeltdeeplytheindignity，ifnotinsult，heapeduponhim。
GeneralThomasatonceassumedcommandoftherightwing，and，untilwereachedCorinth，Iservedimmediatelyunderhiscommand。
Wewereclassmates，intimatelyacquainted，hadservedtogetherbeforeintheoldarmy，andinKentucky，anditmadetouslittledifferencewhocommandedtheother，providedthegoodcauseprevailed。
Corinthwasaboutthirtymilesdistant，andweallknewthatweshouldfindtherethesamearmywithwhichwehadsofiercelygrappledatShiloh，reorganized，reenforced，andcommandedinchiefbyGeneralBeauregardinplaceofJohnston，whohadfallenatShiloh。ButwewerealsoreenforcedbyBuell’sandPope’sarmies;
sothatbeforetheendofAprilourarmyextendedfromSnakeCreekontherighttotheTennesseeRiver，atHamburg，ontheleft，andmusthavenumberednearlyonehundredthousandmen。
AmplesuppliesofallkindsreachedusbytheTennesseeRiver，whichhadagoodstageofwater;butourwagontransportationwaslimited，andmuchconfusionoccurredinhaulingsuppliestotheseveralcamps。BytheendofAril，theseveralarmiesseemedtobeready，andthegeneralforwardmovementonCorinthbegan。Mydivisionwasontheextremerightoftherightwing，andmarchedoutbythe\"WhiteHouse，\"leavingMontereyorPeaRidgetothesouth。CrossingLickCreek，wecameintothemainroadaboutamilesouthofMonterey，whereweturnedsquaretotheright，andcameintothePurdyroad，near\"Elams。\"ThencewefollowedthePurdyroadtoCorinth，myskirmishersreachingatalltimestheMobile&OhioRailroad。Ofcourseourmarchesweregovernedbythemaincentre，whichfollowedthedirectroadfromPittsburgLandingtoCorinth;andthismovementwasprovokinglyslow。Wefortifiedalmosteverycampatnight，thoughwehadencounterednoseriousopposition，exceptfromcavalry，whichgavegroundeasilyasweadvanced。TheoppositionincreasedaswenearedCorinth，andataplacecalledRussell’swehadasharpaffairofonebrigade，underthe。immediatedirectionofBrigadier—GeneralMorganL。Smith，assistedbythebrigadeofGeneralDenver。Thisaffairoccurredonthe19thofMay，andourlinewasthenwithinabouttwomilesofthenorthernintrenchmentsofCorinth。
Onthe27thIreceivedordersfromGeneralHalleck\"tosendaforcethenextdaytodrivetherebelsfromthehouseinourfront，ontheCorinthroad，todriveintheirpicketsasfaraspossible，andto\"makeastrongdemonstrationonCorinthitself;\"authorizingmetocallonanyadjacentdivisionforassistance。
Ireconnoitredthegroundcarefully，andfoundthatthemainroadledforwardalongthefenceofalargecotton—fieldtoourrightfront，andascendedawoodedhill，occupiedinsomeforcebytheenemy，onwhichwasthefarm—housereferredtoinGeneralHalleck’sorders。Atthefartherendofthefieldwasadoublelog—house，whosechinkinghadbeenremoved;sothatitformedagoodblockhousefromwhichtheenemycouldfireonanypersonapproachingfromourquarter。
GeneralHurlbut’sdivisionwasonmyimmediateleft，andGeneralMcClernand’sreserveonourrightrear。Iaskedofeachtheassistanceofabrigade。TheformersentGeneralVeatch’s，andthelatterGeneralJohnA。Logan’sbrigade。Iaskedtheformertosupportourleftflank，andthelatterourrightflank。Thenextmorningearly，MorganL。Smith’sbrigadewasdeployedundercoverontheleft，andDenver’sontheright，readytomoveforwardrapidlyatasignal。Ihadabatteryoffourtwenty—poundParrottguns，commandedbyCaptainSilversparre。ColonelEzraTaylor，chiefofartillery，hadtwoofthesegunsmovedupsilentlybyhandbehindasmallknoll，fromthecrestofwhichtheenemy’sblock—houseandpositioncouldbedistinctlyseen;whenallwereready，thesegunsweremovedtothecrest，andseveralquickroundswerefiredatthehouse，followedafteranintervalbyasinglegum。Thiswasthesignalagreedon，andthetroopsrespondedbeautifully，crossedthefieldinlineofbattle，precededbytheirskirmisherswhocarriedthepositioningoodstyle，andpursuedtheenemyforhalfamilebeyond。
Themainlinehaltedonthecrestoftheridge，fromwhichwecouldlookovertheparapetsoftherebelworksatCorinth，andheartheirdrumandbuglecalls。Therebelbrigadehadevidentlybeentakenbysurpriseinourattack;itsoonralliedandcamebackonuswiththeusualyell，drivinginourskirmishers，butwasquicklycheckedwhenitcamewithinrangeofourgunsandlineofbattle。
GeneralsGrantandThomashappenedtobewithmeduringthisaffair，andwerewellpleasedatthehandsomemannerinwhichthetroopsbehaved。Thatnightwebegantheusualentrenchments，andthenextdaybroughtforwardtheartilleryandtherestofthedivision，whichthenextendedfromtheMobile&OhioRailroad，atBowieHillOut，totheCorinth&Purdyroad，thereconnectingwithHurlbut’sdivision。Thatnight，viz。，May29th，weheardunusualsoundsinCorinth，theconstantwhistlingoflocomotives，andsoonafterdaylightoccurredaaeriesofexplosionsfollowedbyadensesmokerisinghighoverthetown。TherewasatelegraphlineconnectingmyheadquarterswiththoseofGeneralHalleck，aboutfourmilesoff，ontheHamburgroad。Iinquiredifheknewthecauseoftheexplosionsandofthesmoke，andheansweredto\"advancewithmydivisionandfeeltheenemyifstillinmyfront\"
Iimmediatelydispatchedtworegimentsfromeachofmythreebrigadestofeeltheimmediatefront，andinaveryshorttimeadvancedwiththewholedivision。Eachbrigadefoundtherebelparapetsabandoned，andpushedstraightforthetown，whichliesinthenortheastangleofintersectionoftheMobile&OhioandMemphis&CharlestonRailroads。Manybuildingshadbeenburnedbytheenemyonevacuation，whichhadbegunthenightbeforeat6
p。m。，andcontinuedthroughthenight，therear—guardburningtheirmagazineatthetimeofwithdrawing，aboutdaybreak。MorganL。
Smith’sbrigadefollowedtheretreatingrear—guardsomefourmilestotheTuacumbiaBridge，whichwasfoundburned。Ihaltedtheotherbrigadesatthecollege，aboutamiletothesouthwestofthetown，whereIwasovertakenbyGeneralThomasinperson。
Theheadsofallthecolumnshadenteredtherebellinesaboutthesametime，andtherewassomeratherfoolishclamorforthefirsthonors，butinfacttherewasnohonorintheevent。Beauregardhadmadeacleanretreattothesouth，andwasonlyseriouslypursuedbycavalryfromGeneralPope’sflank。ButhereachedTupelo，wherehehaltedforreorganization;andthereisnodoubtthatatthemomenttherewasmuchdisorganizationinhisranks，forthewoodswerefullofdeserterswhomwedidnoteventakeprisoners，butadvisedthemtomaketheirwayhomeandstaythere。
Wespentthedayatandnearthecollege，whenGeneralThomas，whoappliedforordersatHalleck’sheadquarters，directedmetoconductmydivisionbacktothecampofthenightbefore，wherewehadleftourtrainsTheadvanceonCorinthhadoccupiedallofthemonthofMay，themostbeautifulandvaluablemonthoftheyearforcampaigninginthislatitude。Therehadbeenlittlefighting，saveonGeneralPope’sleftflankaboutFarmington;andonourright。I
esteemeditamagnificentdrill，asitservedfortheinstructionofourmeninguardandpicketduty，andinhabituatingthemtoout—doorlife;andbythetimewehadreachedCorinthIbelievethatarmywasthebestthenonthiscontinent，andcouldhavegonewhereitpleased。Thefoursubdivisionswerewellcommanded，aswerethedivisionsandbrigadesofthewholearmy。GeneralHalleckwasamanofgreatcapacity，oflargeacquirements，andatthetimepossessedtheconfidenceofthecountry，andofmostofthearmy。
Iheldhiminhighestimation，andgavehimcreditforthecombinationswhichhadresultedinplacingthismagnificentarmyofahundredthousandmen，wellequippedandprovided，withagoodbase，atCorinth，fromwhichhecouldmoveinanydirection。
Hadheheldhisforceasaunit，hecouldhavegonetoMobile，orVicksburg，oranywhereinthatregion，whichwouldbyonemovehavesolvedthewholeMississippiproblem;and，fromwhathethentoldme，Ibelieveheintendedsuchacampaign，butwasoverruledfromWashington。Bethatasitmay，thearmyhadnosoonersettleddownatCorinthbeforeitwasscattered:GeneralPopewascalledtotheEast，andhisarmydistributedamongtheothers;GeneralThomaswasrelievedfromthecommandoftherightwing，andreassignedtohisdivisionintheArmyoftheOhio;andthatwholearmyunderGeneralBuellwasturnedeastalongtheMemphis&Charlestonroad，tomarchforChattanooga。McClernand’s\"reserve\"wasturnedwesttoBolivarandMemphis。GeneralHallecktookposthimselfatCorinth，assignedLieutenant—ColonelMcPhersontotakechargeoftherailroads，withinstructionstorepairthemasfarasColumbus，Kentucky，andtocollectearsandlocomotivestooperatethemtoCorinthandGrandJunction。IwassoondispatchedwithmyownandHurlbut’sdivisionsnorthwestfourteenmilestoChewalla，tosavewhatcouldbeofanyvalueoutofsixtrainsofcarsbelongingtotherebelswhichhadbeenwreckedandpartiallyburnedatthetimeoftheevacuationofCorinth。
AshorttimebeforeleavingCorinthIrodefrommycamptoGeneralHalleck’sheadquarters，thenintentsjustoutsideofthetown，wherewesatandgossipedforsometime，whenhementionedtomecasuallythatGeneralGrantwasgoingawaythenextmorning。I
inquiredthecause，andhesaidthathedidnotknow，butthatGranthadappliedforathirtydays’leave，whichhadbeengivenhim。Ofcourseweallknewthathewaschafingundertheslightsofhisanomalousposition，andIdeterminedtoseehimonmywayback。HiscampwasashortdistanceofftheMontereyroad，inthewoods，andconsistedoffourorfivetents，withasaplingrailingaroundthefront。AsIrodeup，MajorsRawlins，Lagow，andHilyer，wereinfrontofthecamp，andpiledupnearthemweretheusualofficeandcampchests，allreadyforastartinthemorning。I
inquiredforthegeneral，andwasshowntohistent，whereIfoundhimseatedonacamp—stool，withpapersonarudecamp—table;heseemedtobeemployedinassortingletters，andtyingthemupwithredtapeintoconvenientbundles。Afterpassingtheusualcompliments，Iinquiredifitweretruethathewasgoingaway。Hesaid，\"Yes。\"Itheninquiredthereason，andhesaid\"Sherman，youknow。YouknowthatIaminthewayhere。IhavestooditaslongasIcan，andcanendureitnolonger。\"Iinquiredwherehewasgoingto，andhesaid，\"St。Louis。\"Ithenaskedifhehadanybusinessthere，andhesaid，\"Notabit。\"Ithenbeggedhimtostay，illustratinghiscasebymyown。
BeforethebattleofShiloh，Ihadbeencastdownbyamerenewspaperassertionof\"crazy;\"butthatsinglebattlehadgivenmenewlife，andnowIwasinhighfeather;andIarguedwithhimthat，ifhewentaway，eventswouldgorightalong，andhewouldbeleftout;whereas，ifheremained，somehappyaccidentmightrestorehimtofavorandhistrueplace。Hecertainlyappreciatedmyfriendlyadvice，andpromisedtowaitawhile;atallevents，nottogowithoutseeingmeagain，orcommunicatingwithme。Verysoonafterthis，IwasorderedtoChewalla，where，onthe6thofJune，I
receivedanotefromhim，sayingthathehadreconsideredhisintention，andwouldremain。Icannotfindthenote，butmyanswerIhavekept:
Chewalla，Jane6，1862。