GrantwasrestoredtothecommandofallthetroopsuptheTennesseeRiver，byreasonofGeneralSmith’sextremeillness，andbecausehehadexplainedtoGeneralHallecksatisfactorilyhisconductafterDonelson;andhetoomadehisheadquartersatSavannah，butfrequentlyvisitedourcamps。Ialwaysactedonthesuppositionthatwewereaninvadingarmy;thatourpurposewastomoveforwardinforce，makealodgmentontheMemphis&Charlestonroad，andthusrepeatthegrandtacticsofFortDonelson，byseparatingtherebelsintheinteriorfromthoseatMemphisandontheMississippiRiver。Wedidnotfortifyourcampsagainstanattack，becausewehadnoorderstodoso，andbecausesuchacoursewouldhavemadeourrawmentimid。Thepositionwasnaturallystrong，withSnakeCreekonourright，adeep，boldstream，withaconfluent（OwlCreek）toourrightfront;andLickCreek，withasimilarconfluent，onourleft，thusnarrowingthespaceoverwhichwecouldbeattackedtoaboutamileandahalfortwomiles。
Atalaterperiodofthewar，wecouldhaverenderedthispositionimpregnableinonenight，butatthistimewedidnotdoit，anditmaybeitiswellwedidnot。Fromaboutthe1stofAprilwewereconsciousthattherebelcavalryinourfrontwasgettingbolderandmoresaucy;andonFriday，the4thofApril，itdasheddownandcarriedoffoneofourpicket—guards，composedofanofficerandsevenmen，postedacoupleofmilesoutontheCorinthroad。
ColonelBucklandsentacompanytoitsrelief，thenfollowedhimselfwitharegiment，and，fearinglesthemightbeworsted，I
calledouthiswholebrigadeandfollowedsomefourorfivemiles，whenthecavalryinadvanceencounteredartillery。Ithen，afterdark，drewbacktoourlines，andreportedthefactbylettertoGeneralGrant，atSavannah;butthusfarwehadnotpositivelydetectedthepresenceofinfantry，forcavalryregimentsgenerallyhadacoupleofgunsalong，andIsupposedthegunsthatopenedontheontheeveningofFriday，April4th，belongedtothecavalrythatwashoveringalongourwholefront。
Saturdaypassedinourcampswithoutanyunusualevent，theweatherbeingwetandmild，andtheroadsbacktothesteamboatlandingbeingheavywithmud;butonSundaymorning，the6th，early，therewasagooddealofpicket—firing，andIgotbreakfast，rodeoutalongmylines，and，aboutfourhundredyardstothefrontofAppler’sregiment，receivedfromsomebushesinaravinetotheleftfrontavolleywhichkilledmyorderly，Holliday。AboutthesametimeIsawtherebellinesofbattleinfrontcomingdownonusasfarastheeyecouldreach。Allmytroopswereinlineofbattle，ready，andthegroundwasfavorabletous。Igavethenecessaryorderstothebattery（Waterhouse’s）attachedtoHildebrand’sbrigade，andcautionedthementoreservetheirfiretilltherebelshadcrossedtheravineofOwlCreek，andhadbeguntheascent;also，sentstaff—officerstonotifyGeneralsMcClernandandPrentissofthecomingblow。Indeed，McClernandhadalreadysentthreeregimentstothesupportofmyleftflank，andtheywereinpositionwhentheonsetcame。
Inafewminutesthebattleof\"Shiloh\"beganwithextremefury，andlastedtwodays。Itshistoryhasbeenwellgiven，andithasbeenmadethesubjectofagreatdealofcontroversy。Hildebrand’sbrigadewassoonknockedtopieces，butBuckland’sandMcDowell’skepttheirorganizationthroughout。Stuart’swasdrivenbacktotheriver，anddidnotjoinmeinpersontilltheseconddayofthebattle。Ithinkmyseveralreportsofthatbattlearecondensedandgood，madeonthespot，whenallthenamesandfactswerefreshinmymemory，andareherewithgivenentire:
HEADQUARTERSFIRSTDIVISION
PITTSBURGLANDING，March17，1862
CaptainWm。McMICHAEL，AssistantAdjutant—GeneraltoGeneralC。F
SMITH，Savannah，Tennessee。
SIR:LastnightIdispatchedapartyofcavalry，at6p。m。，underthecommandofLieutenant—ColonelHeath，FifthOhioCavalry，forastrongreconnoissance，ifpossible，tobeconvertedintoanattackupontheMemphisroad。Thecommandgotoffpunctually，followedattwelveo’clockatnightbytheFirstBrigadeofmydivision，commandedbyColonelMcDowell，theotherbrigadestofollowinorder。
Aboutoneatnightthecavalryreturned，reportingtheroadoccupiedinforcebytheenemy，withwhoseadvance—guardtheyskirmished，drivingthemback——aboutamile，takingtwoprisoners，andhavingtheirchiefguide，ThomasMaxwell，Esq。，andthreemenoftheFourthIllinoiswounded。
InclosedpleasefindthereportofLieutenant—ColonelHeath;alsoacopyofhisinstructions，andtileorderofmarch。Assoonasthecavalryreturned，Isawthatanattemptontheroadwasfrustrated，andaccordinglyhaveplacedMcDowell’sbrigadetoourrightfront，guardingthepassofSnakeCreek;Stuart’sbrigadetotheleftfront，towatchthepassofLickCreek;andIshallthismorningmovedirectlyoutontheCorinthroad，abouteightmilestoortowardPeaRidge，whichisakey—pointtothesouthwest。
GeneralHurlbut’sdivisionwillbelandedto—day，andtheartilleryandinfantrydisposedsoastodefendPittsburg，leavingmydivisionentireforanymovementbylandorwater。
AsnearasIcanlearn，therearefiveregimentsofrebelinfantryatPurdy;atCorinth，anddistributedalongtherailroadtoInca，areprobablythirtythousandmen;butmyinformationfromprisonersisveryindistinct。Everyroadandpathisoccupiedbytheenemy’scavalry，whose，ordersseemtobe，tofireavolley，retire，againfireandretire。TheforceonthePurdyroadattackedanddrivenbyMajorBowmanyesterday，wasaboutsixtystrong。ThatencounteredlastnightontheCorinthroadwasaboutfivecompaniesofTennesseecavalry，sentfromPurdyabout2p。m。yesterday。
IhearthereisaforceoftworegimentsonPeaRidge，atthepointwherethePurdyandCorinthroadscometogether。
IamsatisfiedwecannotreachtheMemphis&Charlestonroadwithoutaconsiderableengagement，whichisprohibitedbyGeneralHalleck’sinstructions，sothatIwillbegovernedbyyourordersofyesterday，tooccupyPittsburgstrongly，extendthepicketssoastoincludeasemicircleofthreemiles，andpushastrongreconnoissanceasfaroutasLickCreekandPeaRidge。
Iwillsenddownagoodmanyboatsto—day，tobeemployedasyoumaydirect;andwouldbeobligedifyouwouldsendacoupleofthousandsacksofcorn，asmuchhayasyoucanpossiblyspare，and，ifpossible，abargeofcoal。
Iwillsendasteamboatundercareofthegunboat，tocollectcornfromcribsontheriver—bankIhavethehonortobeyourobedientservant，W。T。SHERMAN，Brigadier—General，commandingFirstDivision。
HEADQUARTERS，STEAMBOATCONTINENTAL，Pittsburg，March18，1882。
CaptainRAWLINS，AssistantAdjutant—GeneraltoGeneralGRANT。
SIR:ThedivisionsurgeonhavingplacedsomeonehundredormoresickonboardtheFannyBullitt，IhavepermittedhertotakethemtoSavannah。Thereisneitherhousenorbuildingofanykindthatcanbeusedforahospitalhere。
Ihopetoreceiveanordertoestablishfloatinghospitals，butinthemeantime，bytheadviseofthesurgeon，allowthesesickmentoleave。Letmehopethatitwillmeetyourapprobation。
TheorderfordebarkationcamewhileGeneralShermanwasabsentwiththreebrigades，andnomenarelefttomovetheeffectsofthesebrigades。
Thelanding，too，issmall，withscarcelyanychancetoincreaseit;thereforethereisagreataccumulationofboats。ColonelMcArthurhasarrived，andisnowcuttingalandingforhimself。
GeneralShermanwillreturnthisevening。Iamobligedtotransgress，andwritemyselfinthemeantime，Respectfullyyourobedientservant，J。H。HAMMOND，AssistantAdjutant—General。
P。S——4p。m。——Justback;havebeenhalf—waytoCorinthandtoPurdy。Allright。Havejustreadthisletter，andapproveallbutfloatinghospitals;regimentalsurgeonscantakecareofallsick，exceptchroniccases，whichcanalwaysbesentdowntoPaducah。
Magnificentplainforcampinganddrilling，andamilitarypointofgreatstrength。Theenemyhasfeltustwice，atgreatlossanddemoralization;willreportatlengththisevening;amnowmuchwornout。
W。T。SHERMAN，Brigadier—General。
HEADQUARTERSFIRSTDIVISION
PittsburgLanding，March19，1862。
CaptainRAWLINS，AssistantAdjutant—GeneraltoGeneralGRANT，Savannah，Tennessee。
SIR:IhavejustreturnedfromanextensivereconnoissancetowardCorinthandPurdy，andamstronglyimpressedwiththeimportanceofthisposition，bothforitslandadvantagesanditsstrategicposition。Thegrounditselfadmitsofeasydefensebyasmallcommand，andyetaffordsadmirablecamping—groundforahundredthousandmen。Iwillassoonaspossiblemakeorcausetobemadeatopographicalsketchoftheposition。Theonlydrawbackisthat，atthisstageofwater，thespaceforlandingiscontractedtoomuchfortheimmensefleetnowheredischarging。
Iwillpushtheloadingandunloadingofboats，butsuggestthatyousendatonce（CaptainDodd，ifpossible）thebestquartermasteryoucan，thathemaycontrolandorganizethiswholematter。I
haveagoodcommissary，andwillkeepasfewprovisionsafloataspossible。Yours，etc。，W。T。SHERMAN，Brigadier—Generalcommanding。
HEADQUARTERSSHERMAN’SDIVISION
CampShiloh，nearPittsburgLanding，Tennessee，April2，1862
CaptainJ。A。RAWLINS，AssistantAdjutant—GeneraltoGeneralGRANT。
SIR:InobediencetoGeneralGrant’sinstructionsofMarch31st，withonesectionofCaptainMuench’sMinnesotaBattery，twotwelve—poundhowitzers，adetachmentofFifthOhioCavalryofonehundredandfiftymen，underMajorRicker，andtwobattalionsofinfantryfromtheFifty—seventhandSeventy—seventhOhio，underthecommandofColonelsHildebrandandMungen，Imarchedtotheriver，andembarkedonthesteamersEmpressandTecumseh。ThegunboatCairodidnotarriveatPittsburg，untilaftermidnight，andat6
p。m。CaptainBryant，commandingthegunboat，notifiedmethathewasreadytoproceeduptheriver。Ifollowed，keepingthetransportswithinaboutthreehundredyardsofthegunboat。About1p。m。，theCairocommencedshellingthebatteryabovethemouthofIndianCreek，butelicitednoreply。Sheproceededuptheriversteadilyandcautiously，followedclosebytheTylerandLexington，allthrowingshellsatthepointswhere，onformervisitsofthegunboats，enemy’sbatterieswerefound。Inthisorderallfollowed，tillitwasdemonstratedthatalltheenemy’sbatteries，includingthatatChickasaw，wereabandoned。
IorderedthebattalionofinfantryunderColonelHildebrandtodisembarkatEastport，andwiththeotherbattalionproceededtoChickasawandlanded。Thebatteryatthispointhadevidentlybeenabandonedsometime，andconsistedoftheremainsofanoldIndianmound，partlywashedawaybytheriver，whichhadbeenfashionedintoatwo—gunbattery，withasmallmagazine。Thegroundtoitsrearhadevidentlybeenoverflowedduringthelatefreshet，andledtotheremovalofthegunstoEastport，wherethebatterieswereonhigh，elevatedground，accessibleatallseasonsfromthecountrytotherear。
Uponpersonalinspection，IattachlittleimportancetoChickasawasamilitaryposition。Thepeople，whohadfledduringtheapproachofthegunboats，returnedtothevillage，andsaidtheplacehadbeenoccupiedbyoneTennesseeregimentandabatteryofartilleryfromPensacola。Afterremaining。atChickasawsomehours，alltheboatsdroppedbacktoEastport，notmorethanamilebelow，andlandedthere。EastportLandingduringthelatefreshetmusthavebeenabouttwelvefeetunderwater，butatthepresentstagethelandingisthebestIhaveseenontheTennesseeRiver。
Theleveeisclearoftreesorsnags，andahundredboatscouldlandtherewithoutconfusion。
Thesoilisofsandandgravel，andveryfirm。Theroadbackishard，andatadistanceofaboutfourhundredyardsfromthewaterbeginthegravelhillsofthecountry。TheinfantryscoutssentoutbyColonelHildebrandfoundtheenemy’scavalrymounted，andwatchingtheIncaroad，abouttwomilesbackofEastport。ThedistancetoIncaisonlyeightmiles，andIncaisthenearestpointandhasthebestroadbywhichtheCharleston&MemphisRailroadcanbereached。Icouldobtainnocertaininformationastothestrengthoftheenemythere，butamsatisfiedthatitwouldhavebeenfollytohaveattempteditwithmycommand。OurobjectbeingtodislodgetheenemyfromthebatteriesrecentlyerectednearEastport，andthisbeingattained，Ihavereturned，andreporttherivertobecleartoandbeyondChickasaw。
Ihavethehonortobe，yourobedientservant，W。T。SHERMAN，Brigadier—GeneralcommandingDivision。
HEADQUARTERSFIFTHDIVISION
CAMPSHILOH，April5，1862。
CaptainJ。A。RAWLINS，AssistantAdjutant—General，DistrictofWesternTennessee。
SIR:Ihavethehonortoreportthatyesterday，about3p。m。，thelieutenantcommandingandsevenmenoftheadvancepicketsimprudentlyadvancedfromtheirpostsandwerecaptured。IorderedMajorRicker，oftheFifthOhioCavalry，toproceedrapidlytothepicket—station，ascertainthetruth，andactaccordingtocircumstances。Hereachedthestation，foundthepicketshadbeencapturedasreported，andthatacompanyofinfantrysentbythebrigadecommanderhadgoneforwardinpursuitofsomecavalry。Herapidlyadvancedsometwomiles，andfoundthemengaged，chargedtheenemy，anddrovethemalongtheRidgeroad，tillhemetandreceivedthreedischargesofartillery，whenheveryproperlywheeledundercover，andreturnedtillhemetme。
AssoonasIheardartillery，Iadvancedwithtworegimentsofinfantry，andtookposition，andremaineduntilthescatteredcompaniesofinfantryandcavalryhadreturned。Thiswasafternight。
IinferthattheenemyisinsomeconsiderableforceatPeaRidge，thatyesterdaymorningtheycrossedabrigadeoftworegimentsofinfantry，oneregimentofcavalry，andonebatteryoffield—artillery，totheridgeonwhichtheCorinthroadlies。Theyhaltedtheinfantryandartilleryatapointabortfivemilesinmyfront，sentadetachmenttothelaneofGeneralMeeks，onthenorthofOwlCreek，andthecavalrydowntowardourcamp。Thiscavalrycapturedapartofouradvancepickets，andafterwardengagedthetwocompaniesofColonelBuckland’sregiment，asdescribedbyhiminhisreportherewithinclosed。OurcavalrydrovethembackupontheirartilleryandInfantry，killingmany，andbringingofftenprisoners，alloftheFirstAlabamaCavalry，whomIsendtoyou。
Welostofthepicketsonefirst—lieutenantandsevenmenoftheOhioSeventiethInfantry（listinclosed）;onemajor，onelieutenant，andoneprivateoftheSeventy—secondOhio，takenprisoners;eightprivateswounded（namesinfull，embracedinreportofColonelBuckland，inclosedherewith）。
Wetooktenprisoners，andlefttworebelswoundedandmanykilledonthefield。
Ihavethehonortobe，yourobedientservant，W。T。SHERMAN，Brigadier—General，commandingDivision。
HEADQUARTERSFIFTHDIVISION
CampShiloh，April10，1862。
CaptainJ。A。RAWLINS，AssistantAdjutant—GeneraltoGeneralGRANT。
SIR:Ihadthehonortoreportthat，onFridaythe4thinst。，theenemy’scavalrydroveinourpickets，postedaboutamileandahalfinadvanceofmycentre，onthemainCorinthroad，capturingonefirst—lieutenantandsevenmen;，thatIcausedapursuitbythecavalryofmydivision，drivingthembackaboutfivemiles，andkillingmany。OnSaturdaytheenemy’scavalrywasagainverybold，comingwelldowntoourfront;yetIdidnotbelievetheydesignedanythingbutastrongdemonstration。OnSundaymorningearly，the6thinst。，theenemydroveouradvance—guardbackonthemainbody，whenIorderedunderarmsallmydivision，andsentwordtoGeneralMcClernand，askinghimtosupportmyleft;toGeneralPrentiss，givinghimnoticethattheenemywasinourfrontinforce，andtoGeneralHurlbut，askinghimtosupportGeneralPrentiss。Atthattime——7a。m。——mydivisionwasarrangedasfollows:
FirstBrigade，composedoftheSixthIowa，ColonelJ。A。McDowell;
FortiethIllinois，ColonelHicks;Forty—sixthOhio，ColonelWorthington;andtheMortonbattery，CaptainBehr，ontheextremeright，guardingthebridgeonthePurdyroadoverOwlCreek。
SecondBrigade，composedoftheFifty—fifthIllinois，ColonelD。
Stuart;theFifty—fourthOhio，ColonelT。KilbySmith;andtheSeventy—firstOhio，ColonelMason，ontheextremeleft，guardingthefordoverLickCreek。
ThirdBrigade，composedoftheSeventy—seventhOhio，ColonelHildebrand;theFifty—thirdOhio，ColonelAppler;andtheFifty—seventhOhio，ColonelMungen，ontheleftoftheCorinthroad，itsrightrestingonShilohmeeting—house。
FourthBrigade，composedoftheSeventy—secondOhio，ColonelBuckland;theForty—eighthOhio，ColonelSullivan;andtheSeventiethOhio，ColonelCookerill，ontherightoftheCorinthroad，itsleftrestingonShilohmeeting—house。
Twobatteriesofartillery——Taylor’sandWaterhouse’s——wereposted，theformeratShiloh，andthelatteronaridgetotheleft，withafront—fireoveropengroundbetweenMungen’sandAppler’sregiments。Thecavalry，eightcompaniesoftheFourthIllinois，underColonelDickey，werepostedinalargeopenfieldtotheleftandrearofShilohmeeting—house，whichIregardedasthecentreofmyposition。
Shortlyafter7a。m。，withmyentirestaff，Irodealongaportionofourfront，andwhenintheopenfieldbeforeAppler’sregiment，theenemy’spicketsopenedabriskfireuponmyparty，killingmyorderly，ThomasD。Holliday，ofCompanyH，SecondIllinoisCavalry。
ThefirecamefromthebusheswhichlineasmallstreamthatrisesinthefieldinfrontofAppler’scamp，andflowstothenorthalongmywholefront。
Thisvalleyaffordedtheenemypartialcover;butourmenweresopostedastohaveagoodfireatthemastheycrossedthevalleyandascendedtherisinggroundonourside。
About8a。m。Isawtheglisteningbayonetsofheavymassesofinfantrytoourleftfrontinthewoodsbeyondthesmallstreamalludedto，andbecamesatisfiedforthefirsttimethattheenemydesignedadeterminedattackonourwholecamp。
Alltheregimentsofmydivisionweretheninlineofbattleattheirproperposts。IrodetoColonelAppler，andorderedhimtoholdhisgroundatallhazards，asheheldtheleftflankofourfirstlineofbattle，andIinformedhimthathehadagoodbatteryonhisright，andstrongsupporttohisrear。GeneralMcClernandhadpromptlyandenergeticallyrespondedtomyrequest，andhadsentmethreeregimentswhichwerepostedtoprotectWaterhouse’sbatteryandtheleftflankofmyline。
Thebattleopenedbytheenemy’sbattery，inthewoodstoourfront，throwingshellsintoourcamp。Taylor’sandWaterhouse’sbatteriespromptlyresponded，andIthenobservedheavybattalionsofinfantrypassingobliquelytotheleft，acrosstheopenfieldinAppler’sfront;also，othercolumnsadvancingdirectlyuponmydivision。Ourinfantryandartilleryopenedalongthewholeline，andthebattlebecamegeneral。Otherheavymassesoftheenemy’sforceskeptpassingacrossthefieldtoourleft，anddirectingtheircourseonGeneralPrentiss。Isawatoncethattheenemydesignedtopassmyleftflank，andfalluponGeneralsMcClernandandPrentiss，whoselineofcampswasalmostparallelwiththeTennesseeRiver，andabouttwomilesbackfromit。VerysoonthesoundofartilleryandmusketryannouncedthatGeneralPrentisswasengaged;andabout9A。M。Ijudgedthathewasfallingback。
AboutthistimeAppler’sregimentbrokeindisorder，followedbyMungen’sregiment，andtheenemypressedforwardonWaterhouse’sbatterytherebyexposed。
ThethreeIllinoisregimentsinimmediatesupportofthisbatterystoodforsometime;buttheenemy’sadvancewassovigorous，andthefiresosevere，thatwhenColonelRaith，oftheForty—thirdIllinois，receivedaseverewoundandfellfromhishorse，hisregimentandtheothersmanifesteddisorder，andtheenemygotpossessionofthreegunsofthis（Waterhouse’s）battery。Althoughourleftwasthusturned，andtheenemywaspressingourwholeline，IdeemedShilohsoimportant，thatIremainedbyitandrenewedmyorderstoColonelsMcDowellandBucklandtoholdtheirground;andwedidholdthesepositionsuntilabout10a。m。，whentheenemyhadgothisartillerytotherearofourleftflankandsomechangebecameabsolutelynecessary。TworegimentsofHildebrand’sbrigade——Appler’sandMungtn’s——hadalreadydisappearedtotherear，andHildebrand’sownregimentwasindisorder。IthereforegaveordersforTaylor’sbattery——stillatShiloh——tofallbackasfarasthePurdyandHamburgroad，andforMcDowellandBucklandtoadoptthatroadastheirnewline。IrodeacrosstheangleandmetBehr’sbatteryatthecross—roads，andordereditimmediatelytocomeintobattery，actionright。CaptainBehrgavetheorder，buthewasalmostimmediatelyshotfromhishorse，whendriversandgunnersfledindisorder，carryingoffthecaissons，andabandoningfiveoutofsixguns，withoutfiringashot。Theenemypressedon，gainingthisbattery，andwewereagainforcedtochooseanewlineofdefense。Hildebrand’sbrigadehadsubstantiallydisappearedfromthefield，thoughhehimselfbravelyremained。McDowell’sandBuckland’sbrigadesmaintainedtheirorganizations，andwereconductedbymyaides，soastojoinonGeneralMcClernand’sright，thusabandoningmyoriginalcampsandline。Thiswasabout101/2a。m。，atwhichtimetheenemyhadmadeafuriousattackonGeneralMoClernand’swholefront。Hestraggledmostdeterminedly，but，findinghimpressed，ImovedMcDowell’sbrigadedirectlyagainsttheleftflankoftheenemy，forcedhimbacksomedistance，andthendirectedthementoavailthemselvesofeverycover—trees，fallentimber，andawoodedvalleytoourright。Weheldthispositionforfourlonghours，sometimesgainingandatotherslosingground;GeneralMcClernandandmyselfactinginperfectconcert，andstrugglingtomaintainthisline。
Whileweweresohardpressed，twoIowaregimentsapproachedfromtherear，butcouldnotbebroughtuptotheseverefirethatwasraginginourfront，andGeneralGrant，whovisitedusonthatground，willrememberoursituationabout3p。m。;butabout4p。m。
itwasevidentthatHurlbut’slinehadbeendrivenbacktotheriver;andknowingthatGeneralLewWallacewascomingwithreinforcementsfromCramp’sLanding，GeneralMcClernandandI，onconsultation，selectedanewlineofdefense，withitsrightcoveringabridgebywhichGeneralWallacehadtoapproach。Wefellbackaswellaswecould，gatheringinadditiontoourownsuchscatteredforcesaswecouldfind，andformedthenewline。
Duringthischangetheenemy’scavalrychargedus，butwerehandsomelyrepulsedbytheTwenty—ninthIllinoisRegiment。TheFifthOhioBattery，whichhadcomeup，renderedgoodserviceinholdingtheenemyincheckforsometime，andMajorTayloralsocameupwithanotherbatteryandgotintoposition，justintimetogetagoodflank—fireupontheenemy’scolumn，ashepressedonGeneralMcClernand’sright，checkinghisadvance;whenGeneralMeClernand’sdivisionmadeafinechargeontheenemyanddrovehimbackintotheravinestoourfrontandright。Ihadaclearfield，abouttwohundredyardswide，inmyimmediatefront，andcontentedmyselfwithkeepingtheenemy’sinfantryatthatdistanceduringtherestoftheday。Inthispositionwerestedforthenight。
Mycommandhadbecomedecidedlyofamixedcharacter。Buckland’sbrigadewhstheonlyonethatretaineditsorganization。ColonelHildebrandwaspersonallythere，buthisbrigadewasnot。ColonelMcDowellhadbeenseverelyinjuredbyafalloffhishorse，andhadgonetotheriver，andthethreeregimentsofhisbrigadewerenotinline。TheThirteenthMissouri，ColonelCraftsJ。Wright，hadreportedtomeonthefield，andfoughtwell，retainingitsregimentalorganization;anditformedapartofmylineduringSundaynightandallMonday。Otherfragmentsofregimentsandcompanieshadalsofallenintomydivision，andactedwithitduringtheremainderofthebattle。GeneralGrantandBuellvisitedmeinourbivouacthatevening，andfromthemIlearnedthesituationofaffairsonotherpartsofthefield。GeneralWallacearrivedfromCrump’sLandingshortlyafterdark，andformedhislinetomyrightrear。Itrainedhardduringthenight，butourmenwereingoodspirits，layontheirarms，beingsatisfiedwithsuchbreadandmeatascouldbegatheredattheneighboringcamps，anddeterminedtoredeemonMondaythelossesofSunday。
AtdaylightofMondayIreceivedGeneralGrant’sorderstoadvanceandrecaptureouroriginalcamps。Idispatchedseveralmembersofmystafftobringupallthementheycouldfind，especiallythebrigadeofColonelStuart，whichhadbeenseparatedfromthedivisionallthedaybefore;andattheappointedtimethedivision，orratherwhatremainedofit，withtheThirteenthMissouriandotherfragments，movedforwardandreoccupiedthegroundontheextremerightofGeneralMcClernand’scamp，whereweattractedthefireofabatterylocatednearColonelMcDowell’sformerheadquarters。HereIremained，patientlywaitingforthesoundofGeneralBuell’sadvanceuponthemainCorinthroad。About10a。m。theheavyfiringinthatdirection，anditssteadyapproach，satisfiedme;andGeneralWallacebeingonourrightflankwithhiswell—conducteddivision，IledtheheadofmycolumntoGeneralMcClernand’sright，formedlineofbattle，facingsouth，withBackland’abrigadedirectlyacrosstheridge，andStuart’sbrigadeonitsrightinthewoods;andthusadvanced，steadilyandslowly，underaheavyfireofmusketryandartillery。Taylorhadjustgottomefromtherear，wherehehadgoneforammunition，andbroughtupthreeguns，whichIorderedintoposition，toadvancebyhandfiring。ThesegunsbelongedtoCompanyA，ChicagoLightArtillery，commandedbyLieutenantP。P。Wood，anddidmostexcellentservice。Undercoveroftheirfire，weadvancedtillwereachedthepointwheretheCorinthroadcrossesthelineofMcClernand’scamp，andhereIsawforthefirsttimethewell—orderedandcompactcolumnsofGeneralBuell’sKentuckyforces，whosesoldierlymovementsatoncegaveconfidencetoournewerandlessdisciplinedmen。HereIsawWillich’sregimentadvanceuponapointofwater—oaksandthicket，behindwhichIknewtheenemywasingreatstrength，andenteritinbeautifulstyle。
Thenarosetheseverestmusketry—fireIeverheard，andlastedsometwentyminutes，whenthissplendidregimenthadtofallback。ThisgreenpointoftimberisaboutfivehundredyardseastofShilohmeeting—home，anditwasevidentherewastobethestruggle。Theenemycouldalsobeseenforminghislinestothesouth。GeneralMcClernandsendingtomeforartillery，IdetachedtohimthethreegunsofWood’sbattery，withwhichhespeedilydrovethemback，and，seeingsomeotherstotherear，Isentoneofmystafftobringthemforward，when，byalmostprovidentialdecree，theyprovedtobetwotwenty—fourpoundhowitzersbelongingtoMcAlister’sbattery，andservedaswellasgunsevercouldbe。
Thiswasabout2p。m。TheenemyhadonebatteryclosebyShiloh，andanotherneartheHamburgroad，bothpouringgrapeandcanisteruponanycolumnoftroopsthatadvanceduponthegreenpointofwater—oaks。Willich’sregimenthadbeenrepulsed，butawholebrigadeofMcCook’sdivisionadvancedbeautifully，deployed，andenteredthisdreadedwood。Iorderedmysecondbrigade（thencommandedbyColonelT。KilbySmith，ColonelSmartbeingwounded）
toformonitsright，andmyfourthbrigade，ColonelBnekland，onitsright;alltoadvanceabreastwiththisKentuckybrigadebeforementioned，whichIafterwardfoundtobeRousseau’sbrigadeofMcCook’sdivision。Igavepersonaldirectiontothetwenty—fourpounderguns，whosewell—directedfirefirstsilencedtheenemy’sgunstotheleft，andafterwardattheShilohmeeting—house。
Rousseau’sbrigademovedinsplendidordersteadilytothefront，sweepingeverythingbeforeit，andat4p。m。westooduponthegroundofouroriginalfrontline;andtheenemywasinfullretreat。Idirectedmyseveralbrigadestoresumeatoncetheiroriginalcamps。
Severaltimesduringthebattle，cartridgesgaveout;butGeneralGranthadthoughtfullykeptasupplycomingfromtherear。WhenI
appealedtoregimentstostandfast，althoughoutofcartridges，I
didsobecause，toretirearegimentforanycause，hasabadeffectonothers。IcommendtheFortiethIllinoisandThirteenthMissouriforthusholdingtheirgroundunderheavyfire，althoughtheircartridge—boxeswereempty。
IamorderedbyGeneralGranttogivepersonalcreditwhereIthinkitisdue，andcensurewhereIthinkitmerited。IconcedethatGeneralMcCook’ssplendiddivisionfromKentuckydrovebacktheenemyalongtheCorinthroad，whichwasthegreatcentreofthisfieldofbattle，whereBeauregardcommandedinperson，supportedbyBragg’s，Polk’s，andBreckenridge’sdivisions。IthinkJohnstonwaskilledbyexposinghimselfinfrontofhistroops，atthetimeoftheirattackonBuckland’sbrigadeonSundaymorning;althoughinthisImaybemistaken。
Mydivisionwasmadeupofregimentsperfectlynew，nearlyallhavingreceivedtheirmusketsforthefirsttimeatPaducah。NoneofthemhadeverbeenunderfireorbeheldheavycolumnsofanenemybearingdownonthemastheydidonlastSunday。
Toexpectofthemthecoolnessandsteadinessofoldertroopswouldbewrong。Theyknewnotthevalueofcombinationandorganization。
Whenindividualfearsseizedthem，thefirstimpulsewastogetaway。Mythirdbrigadedidbreakmuchtoosoon，andIamnotyetadvisedwheretheywereduringSundayafternoonandMondaymorning。
ColonelHildebrand，itscommander，wasascoolasanymanIeversaw，andnoonecouldhavemadestrongereffortstoholdhismentotheirplacesthanhedid。Hekepthisownregimentwithindividualexceptionsinhand，anhourafterAppler’sandMungen’sregimentshadlefttheirproperfieldofaction。ColonelBucklandmanagedhisbrigadewell。Icommendhimtoyournoticeasacool，intelligent，andjudiciousgentleman，needingonlyconfidenceandexperience，tomakeagoodcommander。Hissubordinates，ColonelsSullivanandCockerill，behavedwithgreatgallantry;theformerreceivingaseverewoundonSunday，andyetcommandingandholdinghisregimentwellinhandallday，andonMonday，untilhisrightarmwasbrokenbyashot。ColonelCookerillheldalargerproportionofhismenthananycolonelinmydivision，andwaswithmefromfirsttolast。