Lusignanpresentedhimwithagoldsaltcellarofcuriousworkmanship，andofthepriceoftenthousandducats；andCharlestheSixthdespatchedbythewayofHungaryacastofNorwegianhawks，andsixhorse—loadsofscarletcloth，offinelinenofRheims，andofArrastapestry，representingthebattlesofthegreatAlexander。Aftermuchdelay，theeffectofdistanceratherthanofart，BajazetagreedtoacceptaransomoftwohundredthousandducatsforthecountofNeversandthesurvivingprincesandbarons:themarshalBoucicault，afamouswarrior，wasofthenumberofthefortunate；buttheadmiralofFrancehadbeenslaininbattle；andtheconstable，withtheSiredeCoucy，diedintheprisonofBoursa。Thisheavydemand，whichwasdoubledbyincidentalcosts，fellchieflyonthedukeofBurgundy，orratheronhisFlemishsubjects，whowereboundbythefeudallawstocontributefortheknighthoodandcaptivityoftheeldestsonoftheirlord。Forthefaithfuldischargeofthedebt，somemerchantsofGenoagavesecuritytotheamountoffivetimesthesum；alessontothosewarliketimes，thatcommerceandcreditarethelinksofthesocietyofnations。Ithadbeenstipulatedinthetreaty，thattheFrenchcaptivesshouldswearnevertobeararmsagainstthepersonoftheirconqueror；buttheungenerousrestraintwasabolishedbyBajazethimself。\"I
despise，\"saidhetotheheirofBurgundy，\"thyoathsandthyarms。Thouartyoung，andmayestbeambitiousofeffacingthedisgraceormisfortuneofthyfirstchivalry。Assemblethypowers，proclaimthydesign，andbeassuredthatBajazetwillrejoicetomeettheeasecondtimeinafieldofbattle。\"Beforetheirdeparture，theywereindulgedinthefreedomandhospitalityofthecourtofBoursa。TheFrenchprincesadmiredthemagnificenceoftheOttoman，whosehuntingandhawkingequipagewascomposedofseventhousandhuntsmenandseventhousandfalconers。^65Intheirpresence，andathiscommand，thebellyofoneofhischamberlainswascutopen，onacomplaintagainsthimfordrinkingthegoat\'smilkofapoorwoman。Thestrangerswereastonishedbythisactofjustice；butitwasthejusticeofasultanwhodisdainstobalancetheweightofevidence，ortomeasurethedegreesofguilt。
[Footnote61:Ishouldnotcomplainofthelaborofthiswork，ifmymaterialswerealwaysderivedfromsuchbooksasthechronicleofhonestFroissard，vol。iv。c。67，72，74，79—83，85，87，89，
whoreadlittle，inquiredmuch，andbelievedall。TheoriginalMemoiresoftheMarechaldeBoucicaultPartiei。c。22—28addsomefacts，buttheyaredryanddeficient，ifcomparedwiththepleasantgarrulityofFroissard。]
[Footnote62:AnaccurateMemoirontheLifeofEnguerrandVII。，SiredeCoucy，hasbeengivenbytheBarondeZurlauben，Hist。
del\'AcademiedesInscriptions，tom。xxv。HisrankandpossessionswereequallyconsiderableinFranceandEngland；and，in1375，heledanarmyofadventurersintoSwitzerland，torecoveralargepatrimonywhichheclaimedinrightofhisgrandmother，thedaughteroftheemperorAlbertI。ofAustria，Sinner，VoyagedanslaSuisseOccidentale，tom。i。p。118—124。]
[Footnote63:Thatmilitaryoffice，sorespectableatpresent，wasstillmoreconspicuouswhenitwasdividedbetweentwopersons，Daniel，Hist。delaMiliceFrancoise，tom。ii。p。5。
Oneofthese，themarshalofthecrusade，wasthefamousBoucicault，whoafterwardsdefendedConstantinople，governedGenoa，invadedthecoastofAsia，anddiedinthefieldofAzincour。]
[Footnote*:Daru，Hist。deVenice，vol。ii。p。104，makesthewholeFrencharmyamountto10，000men，ofwhom1000wereknights。ThecuriousvolumeofSchiltberger，aGermanofMunich，whowastakenprisonerinthebattle，edit。Munich，1813，andwhichV。Hammerreceivesasauthentic，givesthewholenumberat6000。SeeSchiltberger。ReiseindemOrient。andV。Hammer，note，p。610。—M。]
[Footnote*:AccordingtoShiltbergertherewereonlytwelveFrenchlordsgrantedtotheprayerofthe\"dukeofBurgundy，\"and\"HerrStephanSynther，andJohannvonBodem。\"Schiltberger，p。
13。—M。]
[Footnote64:Forthisodiousfact，theAbbedeVertotquotestheHist。AnonymedeSt。Denys，l。xvi。c。10，11。OrdredeMalthe，tom。ii。p。310。]
[Footnote!:SeeSchiltberger\'sverygraphicaccountofthemassacre。HewasledouttobeslaughteredincoldbloodwiththerestftheChristianprisoners，amountingto10，000。HewassparedattheintercessionofthesonofBajazet，withafewothers，onaccountoftheirextremeyouth。Nooneunder20yearsofagewasputtodeath。The\"dukeofBurgundy\"wasobligedtobeaspectatorofthisbutcherywhichlastedfromearlyinthemorningtillfouro\'clock，P。M。ItceasedonlyatthesupplicationoftheleadersofBajazet\'sarmy。Schiltberger，p。
14。—M。]
[Footnote65:SherefeddinAliHist。deTimourBec，l。v。c。13
allowsBajazetaroundnumberof12，000officersandservantsofthechase。Apartofhisspoilswasafterwardsdisplayedinahunting—matchofTimour，l。houndswithsatinhousings；2。
leopardswithcollarssetwithjewels；3。Greciangreyhounds；and4，dogsfromEurope，asstrongasAfricanlions，idem，l。vi。c。
15。Bajazetwasparticularlyfondofflyinghishawksatcranes，Chalcondyles，l。ii。p。85。]
Afterhisenfranchisementfromanoppressiveguardian，JohnPalaeologusremainedthirty—sixyears，thehelpless，and，asitshouldseem，thecarelessspectatorofthepublicruin。^66Love，orratherlust，washisonlyvigorouspassion；andintheembracesofthewivesandvirginsofthecity，theTurkishslaveforgotthedishonoroftheemperoroftheRomansAndronicus，hiseldestson，hadformed，atAdrianople，anintimateandguiltyfriendshipwithSauzes，thesonofAmurath；andthetwoyouthsconspiredagainsttheauthorityandlivesoftheirparents。ThepresenceofAmurathinEuropesoondiscoveredanddissipatedtheirrashcounsels；and，afterdeprivingSauzesofhissight，theOttomanthreatenedhisvassalwiththetreatmentofanaccompliceandanenemy，unlessheinflictedasimilarpunishmentonhisownson。Palaeologustrembledandobeyed；andacruelprecautioninvolvedinthesamesentencethechildhoodandinnocenceofJohn，thesonofthecriminal。Buttheoperationwassomildly，orsounskilfully，performed，thattheoneretainedthesightofaneye，andtheotherwasafflictedonlywiththeinfirmityofsquinting。Thusexcludedfromthesuccession，thetwoprinceswereconfinedinthetowerofAnema；andthepietyofManuel，thesecondsonofthereigningmonarch，wasrewardedwiththegiftoftheImperialcrown。Butattheendoftwoyears，theturbulenceoftheLatinsandthelevityoftheGreeks，producedarevolution；andthetwoemperorswereburiedinthetowerfromwhencethetwoprisonerswereexaltedtothethrone。AnotherperiodoftwoyearsaffordedPalaeologusandManuelthemeansofescape:itwascontrivedbythemagicorsubtletyofamonk，whowasalternatelynamedtheangelorthedevil:theyfledtoScutari；theiradherentsarmedintheircause；andthetwoByzantinefactionsdisplayedtheambitionandanimositywithwhichCaesarandPompeyhaddisputedtheempireoftheworld。
TheRomanworldwasnowcontractedtoacornerofThrace，betweenthePropontisandtheBlackSea，aboutfiftymilesinlengthandthirtyinbreadth；aspaceofgroundnotmoreextensivethanthelesserprincipalitiesofGermanyorItaly，iftheremainsofConstantinoplehadnotstillrepresentedthewealthandpopulousnessofakingdom。Torestorethepublicpeace，itwasfoundnecessarytodividethisfragmentoftheempire；andwhilePalaeologusandManuelwereleftinpossessionofthecapital，almostallthatlaywithoutthewallswascededtotheblindprinces，whofixedtheirresidenceatRhodostoandSelybria。Inthetranquilslumberofroyalty，thepassionsofJohnPalaeologussurvivedhisreasonandhisstrength:hedeprivedhisfavoriteandheirofabloomingprincessofTrebizond；andwhilethefeebleemperorlaboredtoconsummatehisnuptials，Manuel，withahundredofthenoblestGreeks，wassentonaperemptorysummonstotheOttomanporte。TheyservedwithhonorinthewarsofBajazet；butaplanoffortifyingConstantinopleexcitedhisjealousy:hethreatenedtheirlives；thenewworkswereinstantlydemolished；andweshallbestowapraise，perhapsabovethemeritofPalaeologus，ifweimputethislasthumiliationasthecauseofhisdeath。
[Footnote66:ForthereignsofJohnPalaeologusandhissonManuel，from1354to1402，seeDucas，c。9—15，Phranza，l。i。
c。16—21，andtheistandiidbooksofChalcondyles，whosepropersubjectisdrownedinaseaofepisode。]
[Footnote*:AccordingtoVonHammeritwasthepowerofBajazet，vol。i。p。218。]
TheearliestintelligenceofthateventwascommunicatedtoManuel，whoescapedwithspeedandsecrecyfromthepalaceofBoursatotheByzantinethrone。Bajazetaffectedaproudindifferenceatthelossofthisvaluablepledge；andwhilehepursuedhisconquestsinEuropeandAsia，helefttheemperortostrugglewithhisblindcousinJohnofSelybria，who，ineightyearsofcivilwar，assertedhisrightofprimogeniture。Atlength，theambitionofthevictorioussultanpointedtotheconquestofConstantinople；buthelistenedtotheadviceofhisvizier，whorepresentedthatsuchanenterprisemightunitethepowersofChristendominasecondandmoreformidablecrusade。
Hisepistletotheemperorwasconceivedinthesewords:\"Bythedivineclemency，ourinvinciblecimeterhasreducedtoourobediencealmostallAsia，withmanyandlargecountriesinEurope，exceptingonlythecityofConstantinople；forbeyondthewallsthouhastnothingleft。Resignthatcity；stipulatethyreward；ortremble，forthyselfandthyunhappypeople，attheconsequencesofarashrefusal。\"Buthisambassadorswereinstructedtosoftentheirtone，andtoproposeatreaty，whichwassubscribedwithsubmissionandgratitude。Atruceoftenyearswaspurchasedbyanannualtributeofthirtythousandcrownsofgold；theGreeksdeploredthepublictolerationofthelawofMahomet，andBajazetenjoyedthegloryofestablishingaTurkishcadhi，andfoundingaroyalmosqueinthemetropolisoftheEasternchurch。^67Yetthistrucewassoonviolatedbytherestlesssultan:inthecauseoftheprinceofSelybria，thelawfulemperor，anarmyofOttomansagainthreatenedConstantinople；andthedistressofManuelimploredtheprotectionofthekingofFrance。Hisplaintiveembassyobtainedmuchpityandsomerelief；andtheconductofthesuccorwasintrustedtothemarshalBoucicault，^68whosereligiouschivalrywasinflamedbythedesireofrevenginghiscaptivityontheinfidels。Hesailedwithfourshipsofwar，fromAiguesmortestotheHellespont；forcedthepassage，whichwasguardedbyseventeenTurkishgalleys；landedatConstantinopleasupplyofsixhundredmen—at—armsandsixteenhundredarchers；andreviewedthemintheadjacentplain，withoutcondescendingtonumberorarraythemultitudeofGreeks。Byhispresence，theblockadewasraisedbothbyseaandland；theflyingsquadronsofBajazetweredriventoamorerespectfuldistance；andseveralcastlesinEuropeandAsiawerestormedbytheemperorandthemarshal，whofoughtwithequalvalorbyeachother\'sside。ButtheOttomanssoonreturnedwithanincreaseofnumbers；andtheintrepidBoucicault，afterayear\'sstruggle，resolvedtoevacuateacountrywhichcouldnolongeraffordeitherpayorprovisionsforhissoldiers。ThemarshalofferedtoconductManueltotheFrenchcourt，wherehemightsolicitinpersonasupplyofmenandmoney；andadvised，inthemeanwhile，that，toextinguishalldomesticdiscord，heshouldleavehisblindcompetitoronthethrone。Theproposalwasembraced:theprinceofSelybriawasintroducedtothecapital；andsuchwasthepublicmisery，thatthelotoftheexileseemedmorefortunatethanthatofthesovereign。Insteadofapplaudingthesuccessofhisvassal，theTurkishsultanclaimedthecityashisown；andontherefusaloftheemperorJohn，Constantinoplewasmorecloselypressedbythecalamitiesofwarandfamine。Againstsuchanenemyprayersandresistancewerealikeunavailing；andthesavagewouldhavedevouredhisprey，if，inthefatalmoment，hehadnotbeenoverthrownbyanothersavagestrongerthanhimself。BythevictoryofTimourorTamerlane，thefallofConstantinoplewasdelayedaboutfiftyyears；andthisimportant，thoughaccidental，servicemayjustlyintroducethelifeandcharacteroftheMogulconqueror。
[Footnote67:Cantemir，p。50—53。OftheGreeks，Ducasalonec。13，15acknowledgestheTurkishcadhiatConstantinople。
YetevenDucasdissemblesthemosque。]
[Footnote68:MemoiresdubonMessireJeanleMaingre，ditBoucicault，MarechaldeFrance，partiec。30，35。]
ChapterLXV:ElevationOfTimourOrTamerlane，AndHisDeathPartI。
ElevationOfTimourOrTamerlaneToTheThroneOfSamarcand。
—HisConquestsInPersia，Georgia，TartaryRussia，India，Syria，AndAnatolia。—HisTurkishWar。—DefeatAndCaptivityOfBajazet。—DeathOfTimour。—CivilWarOfTheSonsOfBajazet。—
RestorationOfTheTurkishMonarchyByMahometTheFirst。—SiegeOfConstantinopleByAmurathTheSecond。
TheconquestandmonarchyoftheworldwasthefirstobjectoftheambitionofTimour。Toliveinthememoryandesteemoffutureageswasthesecondwishofhismagnanimousspirit。Allthecivilandmilitarytransactionsofhisreignwerediligentlyrecordedinthejournalsofhissecretaries:^1theauthenticnarrativewasrevisedbythepersonsbestinformedofeachparticulartransaction；anditisbelievedintheempireandfamilyofTimour，thatthemonarchhimselfcomposedthecommentaries^2ofhislife，andtheinstitutions^3ofhisgovernment。^4Butthesecareswereineffectualforthepreservationofhisfame，andthesepreciousmemorialsintheMogulorPersianlanguagewereconcealedfromtheworld，or，atleast，fromtheknowledgeofEurope。Thenationswhichhevanquishedexercisedabaseandimpotentrevenge；andignorancehaslongrepeatedthetaleofcalumny，^5whichhaddisfiguredthebirthandcharacter，theperson，andeventhename，ofTamerlane。^6Yethisrealmeritwouldbeenhanced，ratherthandebased，bytheelevationofapeasanttothethroneofAsia；norcanhislamenessbeathemeofreproach，unlesshehadtheweaknesstoblushatanatural，orperhapsanhonorable，infirmity。
[Footnote1:ThesejournalswerecommunicatedtoSherefeddin，orCherefeddinAli，anativeofYezd，whocomposedinthePersianlanguageahistoryofTimourBeg，whichhasbeentranslatedintoFrenchbyM。PetitdelaCroix，Paris，1722，in4vols。12mo。，
andhasalwaysbeenmyfaithfulguide。Hisgeographyandchronologyarewonderfullyaccurate；andhemaybetrustedforpublicfacts，thoughheservilelypraisesthevirtueandfortuneofthehero。Timour\'sattentiontoprocureintelligencefromhisownandforeigncountriesmaybeseenintheInstitutions，p。
215，217，349，351。]
[Footnote2:TheseCommentariesareyetunknowninEurope:butMr。WhitegivessomehopethattheymaybeimportedandtranslatedbyhisfriendMajorDavy，whohadreadintheEastthis\"minuteandfaithfulnarrativeofaninterestingandeventfulperiod。\"
Note:ThemanuscriptofMajorDavyhasbeentranslatedbyMajorStewart，andpublishedbytheOrientalTranslationCommitteeofLondon。ItcontainsthelifeofTimour，fromhisbirthtohisforty—firstyear；butthelastthirtyyearsofwesternwarandconquestarewanting。MajorStewartintimatesthattwomanuscriptsexistinthiscountrycontainingthewholework，butexcuseshimself，onaccountofhisage，fromundertakingthelaborioustaskofcompletingthetranslation。ItistobehopedthattheEuropeanpublicwillbesoonenabledtojudgeofthevalueandauthenticityoftheCommentariesoftheCaesaroftheEast。MajorStewart\'sworkcommenceswiththeBookofDreamsandOmens—awild，butcharacteristic，chronicleofVisionsandSortesKoranicae。StrangethatalifeofTimourshouldawakenareminiscenceofthediaryofArchbishopLaud!
Theearlydawnandthegradualexpressionofhisnotlesssplendidbutmorerealvisionsofambitionaretouchedwiththesimplicityoftruthandnature。Butwelongtoescapefromthepettyfeudsofthepastoralchieftain，tothetriumphsandthelegislationoftheconqueroroftheworld—M。]
[Footnote3:Iamignorantwhethertheoriginalinstitution，intheTurkiorMogullanguage，bestillextant。ThePersicversion，withanEnglishtranslation，andmostvaluableindex，waspublishedOxford，1783，in4to。bythejointlaborsofMajorDavyandMr。White，theArabicprofessor。ThisworkhasbeensincetranslatedfromthePersicintoFrench，Paris，1787，
byM。Langles，alearnedOrientalist，whohasaddedthelifeofTimour，andmanycuriousnotes。]
[Footnote4:ShawAllum，thepresentMogul，reads，values，butcannotimitate，theinstitutionsofhisgreatancestor。TheEnglishtranslatorreliesontheirinternalevidence；butifanysuspicionsshouldariseoffraudandfiction，theywillnotbedispelledbyMajorDavy\'sletter。TheOrientalshavenevercultivatedtheartofcriticism；thepatronageofaprince，lesshonorable，perhaps，isnotlesslucrativethanthatofabookseller；norcanitbedeemedincrediblethataPersian，therealauthor，shouldrenouncethecredit，toraisethevalueandprice，ofthework。]
[Footnote5:Theoriginalofthetaleisfoundinthefollowingwork，whichismuchesteemedforitsflorideleganceofstyle:
AhmedisArabsiadaeAhmedEbnArabshahVitaeetRerumgestarumTimuri。ArabiceetLatine。EdiditSamuelHenricusManger。
Franequerae，1767，2tom。in4to。ThisSyrianauthoriseveramalicious，andoftenanignorantenemy:theverytitlesofhischaptersareinjurious；ashowthewicked，ashowtheimpious，ashowtheviper，&c。ThecopiousarticleofTimur，inBibliothequeOrientale，isofamixednature，asD\'Herbelotindifferentlydrawshismaterialsp。877—888fromKhondemirEbnSchounah，andtheLebtarikh。]
[Footnote6:DemirorTimoursignifiesintheTurkishlanguage，Iron；anditistheappellationofalordorprince。Bythechangeofaletteroraccent，itischangedintoLenc，orLame；
andaEuropeancorruptionconfoundsthetwowordsinthenameofTamerlane。
Note:AccordingtothememoirshewassocalledbyaShaikh，who，whenvisitedbyhismotheronhisbirth，wasreadingtheverseoftheKoran，\'Areyousurethathewhodwellethinheavenwillnotcausetheearthtoswallowyouup，andbeholditshallshake，Tamurn。\"TheShaikhthenstoppedandsaid，\"WehavenamedyoursonTimur，\"p。21。—M。]
[Footnote*:HewaslamedbyawoundatthesiegeofthecapitalofSistan。Sherefeddin，lib。iii。c。17。p。136。SeeVonHammer，vol。i。p。260。—M。]