。Itisindeedsomethingunusual；butmythoughtsweresotakenupwithasubjectIwasdiscoursingoflastnight，thatfindingIcouldnotsleep，Iresolvedtoriseandtakeaturninthegarden。
。Ithappenedwell，toletyouseewhatinnocentandagreeablepleasuresyouloseeverymorning。Cantherebeapleasantertimeoftheday，oramoredelightfulseasonoftheyear？Thatpurplesky，thosewildbutsweetnotesofbirds，thefragrantbloomuponthetreesandflowers，thegentleinfluenceoftherisingsun，theseandathousandnamelessbeautiesofnatureinspirethesoulwithsecrettransports；itsfacultiestoobeingatthistimefreshandlively，arefitforthosemeditations，whichthesolitudeofagardenandtranquillityofthemorningnaturallydisposeusto。ButIamafraidIinterruptyourthoughts:foryouseemedveryintentonsomething。
。Itistrue，Iwas，andshallbeobligedtoyouifyouwillpermitmetogooninthesamevein；notthatIwouldbyanymeansdeprivemyselfofyourcompany，formythoughtsalwaysflowmoreeasilyinconversationwithafriend，thanwhenIamalone:
butmyrequestis，thatyouwouldsuffermetoimpartmyreflexionstoyou。
。Withallmyheart，itiswhatIshouldhaverequestedmyselfifyouhadnotpreventedme。
。Iwasconsideringtheoddfateofthosemenwhohaveinallages，throughanaffectationofbeingdistinguishedfromthevulgar，orsomeunaccountableturnofthought，pretendedeithertobelievenothingatall，ortobelievethemostextravagantthingsintheworld。Thishowevermightbeborne，iftheirparadoxesandscepticismdidnotdrawafterthemsomeconsequencesofgeneraldisadvantagetomankind。Butthemischieflieth{172}here；thatwhenmenoflessleisureseethemwhoaresupposedtohavespenttheirwholetimeinthepursuitsofknowledgeprofessinganentireignoranceofallthings，oradvancingsuchnotionsasarerepugnanttoplainandcommonlyreceivedprinciples，theywillbetemptedtoentertainsuspicionsconcerningthemostimportanttruths，whichtheyhadhithertoheldsacredandunquestionable。
。Ientirelyagreewithyou，astotheilltendencyoftheaffecteddoubtsofsomephilosophers，andfantasticalconceitsofothers。Iamevensofargoneoflateinthiswayofthinking，thatIhavequittedseveralofthesublimenotionsI
hadgotintheirschoolsforvulgaropinions。AndIgiveityouonmyword；sincethisrevoltfrommetaphysicalnotionstotheplaindictatesofnatureandcommonsense，Ifindmyunderstandingstrangelyenlightened，sothatIcannoweasilycomprehendagreatmanythingswhichbeforewereallmysteryandriddle。
。IamgladtofindtherewasnothingintheaccountsI
heardofyou。
。Pray，whatwerethose？
。Youwererepresented，inlastnight\'sconversation，asonewhomaintainedthemostextravagantopinionthateverenteredintothemindofman，towit，thatthereisnosuchthingasintheworld。
。Thatthereisnosuchthingaswhat，Iamseriouslypersuaded:but，ifI
weremadetoseeanythingabsurdorscepticalinthis，IshouldthenhavethesamereasontorenouncethisthatIimagineIhavenowtorejectthecontraryopinion。
。WhatIcananythingbemorefantastical，morerepugnanttoCommonSense，oramoremanifestpieceofScepticism，thantobelievethereisnosuchthingas？
。Softly，goodHylas。Whatifitshouldprovethatyou，whoholdthereis，are，byvirtueofthatopinion，agreatersceptic，andmaintainmoreparadoxesandrepugnancestoCommonSense，thanIwhobelievenosuchthing？
。Youmayassoonpersuademe，thepartisgreaterthanthewhole，asthat，inordertoavoidabsurdityandScepticism，I
shouldeverbeobligedtogiveupmyopinioninthispoint。
。Wellthen，areyoucontenttoadmitthatopinionfortrue，whichuponexaminationshallappearmostagreeabletoCommonSense，andremotefromScepticism？
。Withallmyheart。Sinceyouareforraisingdisputes{173}abouttheplainestthingsinnature，Iamcontentforoncetohearwhatyouhavetosay。
。Pray，Hylas，whatdoyoumeanbya？
。Imeanwhatallmenmean——onethatdoubtsofeverything。
。Hethenwhoentertainsnodoubtsconcerningsomeparticularpoint，withregardtothatpointcannotbethoughtasceptic。
。Iagreewithyou。
。Whetherdothdoubtingconsistinembracingtheaffirmativeornegativesideofaquestion？
。Inneither；forwhoeverunderstandsEnglishcannotbutknowthatsignifiesasuspensebetweenboth。
。Hethenthatdeniesanypoint，cannomorebesaidtodoubtofit，thanhewhoaffirmethitwiththesamedegreeofassurance。
。True。
。And，consequently，forsuchhisdenialisnomoretobeesteemedascepticthantheother。
。Iacknowledgeit。
。Howcomethittopassthen，Hylas，thatyoupronounceme，becauseIdenywhatyouaffirm，towit，theexistenceofMatter？Since，foraughtyoucantell，Iamasperemptoryinmydenial，asyouinyouraffirmation。
。Hold，Philonous，Ihavebeenalittleoutinmydefinition；buteveryfalsestepamanmakesindiscourseisnottobeinsistedon。Isaidindeedthatawasonewhodoubtedofeverything；butIshouldhaveadded，orwhodeniestherealityandtruthofthings。
。Whatthings？Doyoumeantheprinciplesandtheoremsofsciences？Buttheseyouknowareuniversalintellectualnotions，andconsequentlyindependentofMatter。Thedenialthereforeofthisdothnotimplythedenyingthem。
。Igrantit。Butaretherenootherthings？Whatthinkyouofdistrustingthesenses，ofdenyingtherealexistenceofsensiblethings，orpretendingtoknownothingofthem。Isnotthissufficienttodenominateamana？
。Shallwethereforeexaminewhichofusitisthatdeniestherealityofsensiblethings，orprofessesthegreatestignoranceofthem；since，ifItakeyourightly，heistobe{174}esteemedthegreatest？
。ThatiswhatIdesire。
。WhatmeanyoubySensibleThings？
。Thosethingswhichareperceivedbythesenses。CanyouimaginethatImeananythingelse？
。Pardonme，Hylas，ifIamdesirousclearlytoapprehendyournotions，sincethismaymuchshortenourinquiry。
Suffermethentoaskyouthisfartherquestion。Arethosethingsonlyperceivedbythesenseswhichareperceivedimmediately？Or，maythosethingsproperlybesaidtobewhichareperceivedmediately，ornotwithouttheinterventionofothers？
。Idonotsufficientlyunderstandyou。
。Inreadingabook，whatIimmediatelyperceivearetheletters；butmediately，orbymeansofthese，aresuggestedtomymindthenotionsofGod，virtue，truth，&c。Now，thatthelettersaretrulysensiblethings，orperceivedbysense，thereisnodoubt:butIwouldknowwhetheryoutakethethingssuggestedbythemtobesotoo。
。No，certainly:itwereabsurdtothinkorsensiblethings；thoughtheymaybesignifiedandsuggestedtothemindbysensiblemarks，withwhichtheyhaveanarbitraryconnexion。
。Itseemsthen，thatbyyoumeanthoseonlywhichcanbeperceivedbysense？
。Right。
。Dothitnotfollowfromthis，thatthoughIseeonepartoftheskyred，andanotherblue，andthatmyreasondoththenceevidentlyconcludetheremustbesomecauseofthatdiversityofcolours，yetthatcausecannotbesaidtobeasensiblething，orperceivedbythesenseofseeing？
。Itdoth。
。Inlikemanner，thoughIhearvarietyofsounds，yetIcannotbesaidtohearthecausesofthosesounds？
。Youcannot。
。AndwhenbymytouchIperceiveathingtobehotandheavy，Icannotsay，withanytruthorpropriety，thatIfeelthecauseofitsheatorweight？
。Topreventanymorequestionsofthiskind，Itellyouonceforall，thatbyImeanthoseonlywhichareperceivedbysense；andthatintruththesensesperceivenothingwhichtheydonotperceive:fortheymakeno{175}inferences。Thededucingthereforeofcausesoroccasionsfromeffectsandappearances，whichaloneareperceivedbysense，entirelyrelatestoreason。
。Thispointthenisagreedbetweenus——That。Youwillfartherinformme，whetherweimmediatelyperceivebysightanythingbesidelight，andcolours，andfigures；orbyhearing，anythingbutsounds；bythepalate，anythingbesidetastes；bythesmell，besideodours；orbythetouch，morethantangiblequalities。
。Wedonot。
。Itseems，therefore，thatifyoutakeawayallsensiblequalities，thereremainsnothingsensible？
。Igrantit。
。Sensiblethingsthereforeare{250}nothingelsebutsomanysensiblequalities，orcombinationsofsensiblequalities？
。Nothingelse。
。thenisasensiblething？
。Certainly。
。Doththeofsensiblethingsconsistinbeingperceived？or，isitsomethingdistinctfromtheirbeingperceived，andthatbearsnorelationtothemind？
。Toisonething，andtobeisanother。
。Ispeakwithregardtosensiblethingsonly。AndoftheseIask，whetherbytheirrealexistenceyoumeanasubsistenceexteriortothemind，anddistinctfromtheirbeingperceived？
。Imeanarealabsolutebeing，distinctfrom，andwithoutanyrelationto，theirbeingperceived。
。Heattherefore，ifitbeallowedarealbeing，mustexistwithoutthemind？
。Itmust。
。Tellme，Hylas，isthisrealexistenceequallycompatibletoalldegreesofheat，whichweperceive；oristhereanyreasonwhyweshouldattributeittosome，anddenyittoothers？Andiftherebe，prayletmeknowthatreason。
。Whateverdegreeofheatweperceivebysense，wemaybesurethesameexistsintheobjectthatoccasionsit。
。What!thegreatestaswellastheleast？
。tellyou，thereasonisplainlythesameinrespectofboth。Theyarebothperceivedbysense；nay，thegreaterdegreeofheatismoresensiblyperceived；andconsequently，ifthereis{176}anydifference，wearemorecertainofitsrealexistencethanwecanbeoftherealityofalesserdegree。
。Butisnotthemostvehementandintensedegreeofheataverygreatpain？
。Noonecandenyit。
。Andisanyunperceivingthingcapableofpainorpleasure？
。No，certainly。
。Isyourmaterialsubstanceasenselessbeing，orabeingendowedwithsenseandperception？
。Itissenselesswithoutdoubt。
。Itcannotthereforebethesubjectofpain？
。Bynomeans。
。Norconsequentlyofthegreatestheatperceivedbysense，sinceyouacknowledgethistobenosmallpain？
。Igrantit。
。Whatshallwesaythenofyourexternalobject；isitamaterialSubstance，orno？
。Itisamaterialsubstancewiththesensiblequalitiesinheringinit。
。Howthencanagreatheatexistinit，sinceyouownitcannotinamaterialsubstance？Idesireyouwouldclearthispoint。
。Hold，Philonous，IfearIwasoutinyieldingintenseheattobeapain。Itshouldseemrather，thatpainissomethingdistinctfromheat，andtheconsequenceoreffectofit。
。Uponputtingyourhandnearthefire，doyouperceiveonesimpleuniformsensation，ortwodistinctsensations？
。Butonesimplesensation。
。Isnottheheatimmediatelyperceived？，。Itis。
。Andthepain？
。True。
。Seeingthereforetheyarebothimmediatelyperceivedatthesametime，andthefireaffectsyouonlywithonesimpleoruncompoundedidea，itfollowsthatthissamesimpleideaisboththeintenseheatimmediatelyperceived，andthepain；and，consequently，thattheintenseheatimmediatelyperceivedisnothingdistinctfromaparticularsortofpain。
。Itseemsso。
。Again，tryinyourthoughts，Hylas，ifyoucanconceiveavehementsensationtobewithoutpainorpleasure。
{177}
。Icannot。
。Orcanyouframetoyourselfanideaofsensiblepainorpleasureingeneral，abstractedfromeveryparticularideaofheat，cold，tastes，smells？&c。
。IdonotfindthatIcan。
。Dothitnotthereforefollow，thatsensiblepainisnothingdistinctfromthosesensationsorideas，inanintensedegree？
。Itisundeniable；and，tospeakthetruth，Ibegintosuspectaverygreatheatcannotexistbutinamindperceivingit。
。What!areyoutheninthatscepticalstateofsuspense，betweenaffirminganddenying？
。IthinkImaybepositiveinthepoint。Averyviolentandpainfulheatcannotexistwithoutthemind。
。Ithathnotthereforeaccordingtoyou，any
being？
。Iownit。
。Isitthereforecertain，thatthereisnobodyinnaturereallyhot？
。Ihavenotdeniedthereisanyrealheatinbodies。I
onlysay，thereisnosuchthingasanintenserealheat。
。But，didyounotsaybeforethatalldegreesofheatwereequallyreal；or，iftherewasanydifference，thatthegreaterweremoreundoubtedlyrealthanthelesser？
。True:butitwasbecauseIdidnotthenconsiderthegroundthereisfordistinguishingbetweenthem，whichInowplainlysee。Anditisthis:becauseintenseheatisnothingelsebutaparticularkindofpainfulsensation；andpaincannotexistbutinaperceivingbeing；itfollowsthatnointenseheatcanreallyexistinanunperceivingcorporealsubstance。Butthisisnoreasonwh\'weshoulddenyheatinaninferiordegreetoexistinsuchasubstance。
。Buthowshallwebeabletodiscernthosedegreesofheatwhichexistonlyinthemindfromthosewhichexistwithoutit？
。Thatisnodifficultmatter。Youknowtheleastpaincannotexistunperceived；whatever，therefore，degreeofheatisapainexistsonlyinthemind。But，asforallotherdegreesofheat，nothingobligesustothinkthesameofthem。
。Ithinkyougrantedbeforethatnounperceivingbeingwascapableofpleasure，anymorethanofpain。
。Idid。{178}
。Andisnotwarmth，oramoregentledegreeofheatthanwhatcausesuneasiness，apleasure？
。Whatthen？
。Consequently，itcannotexistwithoutthemindinanunperceivingsubstance，orbody。
。Soitseems。
。Since，therefore，aswellthosedegreesofheatthatarenotpainful，asthosethatare，canexistonlyinathinkingsubstance；maywenotconcludethatexternalbodiesareabsolutelyincapableofanydegreeofheatwhatsoever？
。Onsecondthoughts，Idonotthinkitsoevidentthatwarmthisapleasureasthatagreatdegreeofheatisapain。
。donotpretendthatwarmthisasgreatapleasureasheatisapain。But，ifyougrantittobeevenasmallpleasure，itservestomakegoodmyconclusion。
。Icouldrathercallitan。Itseemstobenothingmorethanaprivationofbothpainandpleasure。Andthatsuchaqualityorstateasthismayagreetoanunthinkingsubstance，Ihopeyouwillnotdeny。
。Ifyouareresolvedtomaintainthatwarmth，oragentledegreeofheat，isnopleasure，Iknownothowtoconvinceyouotherwisethanbyappealingtoyourownsense。Butwhatthinkyouofcold？
。ThesamethatIdoofheat。Anintensedegreeofcoldisapain；fortofeelaverygreatcold，istoperceiveagreatuneasiness:itcannotthereforeexistwithoutthemind；butalesserdegreeofcoldmay，aswellasalesserdegreeofheat。
。Thosebodies，therefore，uponwhoseapplicationtoourown，weperceiveamoderatedegreeofheat，mustbeconcludedtohaveamoderatedegreeofheatorwarmthinthem；andthose，uponwhoseapplicationwefeelalikedegreeofcold，mustbethoughttohavecoldinthem。
。Theymust。
。Cananydoctrinebetruethatnecessarilyleadsamanintoanabsurdity？
。Withoutdoubtitcannot。
。Isitnotanabsurditytothinkthatthesamethingshouldbeatthesametimebothcoldandwarm？
。Itis。
。Supposenowoneofyourhandshot，andtheothercold，andthattheyarebothatonceputintothesamevesselof{179}water，inanintermediatestate；willnotthewaterseemcoldtoonehand，andwarmtotheother？
。Itwill。
。Oughtwenottherefore，byyourprinciples，toconcludeitisreallybothcoldandwarmatthesametime，thatis，accordingtoyourownconcession，tobelieveanabsurdity？
。Iconfessitseemsso。
。Consequently，theprinciplesthemselvesarefalse，sinceyouhavegrantedthatnotrueprincipleleadstoanabsurdity。
。But，afterall，cananythingbemoreabsurdthantosay，？
。Tomakethepointstillclearer；tellmewhether，intwocasesexactlyalike，weoughtnottomakethesamejudgment？。。Weought。
。Whenapinpricksyourfinger，dothitnotrendanddividethefibresofyourflesh？
。Itdoth。
。Andwhenacoalburnsyourfinger，dothitanymore？
。Itdothnot。
。Since，therefore，youneitherjudgethesensationitselfoccasionedbythepin，noranythinglikeittobeinthepin；youshouldnot，conformablytowhatyouhavenowgranted，judgethesensationoccasionedbythefire，oranythinglikeit，tobeinthefire。
。Well，sinceitmustbeso，Iamcontenttoyieldthispoint，andacknowledgethatheatandcoldareonlysensationsexistinginourminds。Buttherestillremainqualitiesenoughtosecuretherealityofexternalthings。
。Butwhatwillyousay，Hylas，ifitshallappearthatthecaseisthesamewithregardtoallothersensiblequalities，andthattheycannomorebesupposedtoexistwithoutthemind，thanheatandcold？
。Thenindeedyouwillhavedonesomethingtothepurpose；butthatiswhatIdespairofseeingproved。
。Letusexaminetheminorder。Whatthinkyouof，dotheyexistwithoutthemind，orno？
。Cananymaninhissensesdoubtwhethersugarissweet，orwormwoodbitter？
。Informme，Hylas。Isasweettasteaparticularkindofpleasureorpleasantsensation，orisitnot？{180}
。Itis。
。Andisnotbitternesssomekindofuneasinessorpain？
。Igrantit。
。Ifthereforesugarandwormwoodareunthinkingcorporealsubstancesexistingwithoutthemind，howcansweetnessandbitterness，thatis，Pleasureandpain，agreetothem？
。Hold，Philonous，Inowseewhatitwasdeludetime。
Youaskedwhetherheatandcold，sweetnessatwerenotparticularsortsofpleasureandpain；towhichsimply，thattheywere。
WhereasIshouldhavethusdistinguished:thosequalities，asperceivedbyus，arepleasuresorpairexistingintheexternalobjects。Wemustnotthereforeconcludeabsolutely，thatthereisnoheatinthefire，orsweetnessinthesugar，butonlythatheatorsweetness，asperceivedbyus，arenotinthefireorsugar。Whatsayyoutothis？
。Isayitisnothingtothepurpose。Ourdiscourseproceededaltogetherconcerningsensiblethings，whichyoudefinedtobe，。Whateverotherqualities，therefore，youspeakofasdistinctfromthese，Iknownothingofthem，neitherdotheyatallbelongtothepointindispute。Youmay，indeed，pretendtohavediscoveredcertainqualitieswhichyoudonotperceive，andassertthoseinsensiblequalitiesexistinfireandsugar。Butwhatusecanbemadeofthistoyourpresentpurpose，Iamatalosstoconceive。Tellmethenoncemore，doyouacknowledgethatheatandcold，sweetnessandbitternessmeaningthosequalitieswhichareperceivedbythesenses，donotexistwithoutthemind？
。Iseeitistonopurposetoholdout，soIgiveupthecauseastothosementionedqualities。ThoughIprofessitsoundsoddly，tosaythatsugarisnotsweet。
。But，foryourfarthersatisfaction，takethisalongwithyou:thatwhichatothertimesseemssweet，shall，toadistemperedpalate，appearbitter。And，nothingcanbeplainerthanthatdiverspersonsperceivedifferenttastesinthesamefood；sincethatwhichonemandelightsin，anotherabhors。Andhowcouldthisbe，ifthetastewassomethingreallyinherentinthefood？
。IacknowledgeIknownothow。
。Inthenextplace，aretobeconsidered。
And，withregardtothese，Iwouldfainknowwhetherwhathath{181}beensaidoftastesdothnotexactlyagreetothem？Aretheynotsomanypleasingordispleasingsensations？
。Theyare。
。Canyouthenconceiveitpossiblethattheyshouldexistinanunperceivingthing？
。Icannot。
。Or，canyouimaginethatfilthandordureaffectthosebruteanimalsthatfeedonthemoutofchoice，withthesamesmellswhichweperceiveinthem？
。Bynomeans。
。Maywenotthereforeconcludeofsmells，asoftheotherforementionedqualities，thattheycannotexistinanybutaperceivingsubstanceormind？
。Ithinkso。
。Thenasto，whatmustwethinkofthem:aretheyaccidentsreallyinherentinexternalbodies，ornot？
。Thattheyinherenotinthesonorousbodiesisplainfromhence:becauseabellstruckintheexhaustedreceiverofanair-pumpsendsforthnosound。Theair，therefore，mustbethoughtthesubjectofsound。
。Whatreasonisthereforthat，Hylas？
。Because，whenanymotionisraisedintheair，weperceiveasoundgreaterorlesser，accordingtotheair\'smotion；butwithoutsomemotionintheair，weneverhearanysoundatall。
。Andgrantingthatweneverhearasoundbutwhensomemotionisproducedintheair，yetIdonotseehowyoucaninferfromthence，thatthesounditselfisintheair。
。Itisthisverymotionintheexternalairthatproducesinthemindthesensationof。For，strikingonthedrumoftheear，itcausethavibration，whichbytheauditorynervesbeingcommunicatedtothebrain，thesoulisthereuponaffectedwiththesensationcalled。
。What!issoundthenasensation？
。Itellyou，asperceivedbyus，itisaparticularsensationinthemind。
。Andcananysensationexistwithoutthemind？
。No，certainly。
。Howthencansound，beingasensation，existintheair，ifbytheyoumeanasenselesssubstanceexistingwithoutthemind？
。Youmustdistinguish，Philonous，betweensoundasitis{182}perceivedbyus，andasitisinitself；orwhichisthesamethingbetweenthesoundweimmediatelyperceive，andthatwhichexistswithoutus。Theformer，indeed，isaparticularkindofsensation，butthelatterismerelyavibrativeorundulatorymotiontheair。
。IthoughtIhadalreadyobviatedthatdistinction，byanswerIgavewhenyouwereapplyingitinalikecasebefore。
But，tosaynomoreofthat，areyousurethenthatsoundisreallynothingbutmotion？
。Iam。
。Whateverthereforeagreestorealsound，maywithtruthbeattributedtomotion？
。Itmay。
。Itisthengoodsensetospeakofasofathingthatis，，，。
。seeyouareresolvednottounderstandme。Isitnotevidentthoseaccidentsormodesbelongonlytosensiblesound，orthecommonacceptationoftheword，butnottointherealandphilosophicsense；which，asIjustnowtoldyou，isnothingbutacertainmotionoftheair？
。Itseemsthentherearetwosortsofsound——theonevulgar，orthatwhichisheard，theotherphilosophicalandreal？
。Evenso。
。Andthelatterconsistsinmotion？
。Itoldyousobefore。
。Tellme，Hylas，towhichofthesenses，thinkyou，theideaofmotionbelongs？tothehearing？
。No，certainly；buttothesightandtouch。
。Itshouldfollowthen，that，accordingtoyou，realsoundsmaypossiblybe，butnever。
。Lookyou，Philonous，youmay，ifyouplease，makeajestofmyopinion，butthatwillnotalterthetruthofthings。
Iown，indeed，theinferencesyoudrawmeintosoundsomethingoddly；butcommonlanguage，youknow，isframedby，andfortheuseofthevulgar:wemustnotthereforewonderifexpressionsadaptedtoexactphilosophicnotionsseemuncouthandoutoftheway。
。Isitcometothat？Iassureyou，Iimaginemyselftohavegainednosmallpoint，sinceyoumakesolightofdepartingfromcommonphrasesandopinions；itbeingamainpartofourinquiry，toexaminewhosenotionsarewidestofthe{183}
commonroad，andmostrepugnanttothegeneralsenseoftheworld。But，canyouthinkitnomorethanaphilosophicalparadox，tosaythat，andthattheideaofthemisobtainedbysomeothersense？Andistherenothinginthiscontrarytonatureandthetruthofthings？
。Todealingenuously，Idonotlikeit。And，aftertheconcessionsalreadymade，Ihadaswellgrantthatsoundstoohavenorealbeingwithoutthemind。
。AndIhopeyouwillmakenodifficultytoacknowledgethesameof。
。Pardonme:thecaseofcoloursisverydifferent。Cananythingbeplainerthanthatweseethemontheobjects？
。Theobjectsyouspeakofare，Isuppose，corporealSubstancesexistingwithoutthemind？
。Theyare。
。Andhavetrueandrealcoloursinheringinthem？
。Eachvisibleobjecthaththatcolourwhichweseeinit。
。How!isthereanythingvisiblebutwhatweperceivebysight？
。Thereisnot。
。And，doweperceiveanythingbysensewhichwedonotperceiveimmediately？
。HowoftenmustIbeobligedtorepeatthesamething？
Itellyou，wedonot。
。Havepatience，goodHylas；andtellmeoncemore，whetherthereisanythingimmediatelyperceivedbythesenses，exceptsensiblequalities。Iknowyouassertedtherewasnot；butIwouldnowbeinformed，whetheryoustillpersistinthesameopinion。
。Ido。
。Pray，isyourcorporealsubstanceeitherasensiblequality，ormadeupofsensiblequalities？
。Whataquestionthatis!whoeverthoughtitwas？
。Myreasonforaskingwas，becauseinsaying，，youmakevisibleobjectstobecorporealsubstances；whichimplieseitherthatcorporealsubstancesaresensiblequalities，orelsethatthereissomethingbesidessensiblequalitiesperceivedbysight:
but，asthispointwasformerlyagreedbetweenus，andisstillmaintainedbyyou，itisaclearconsequence，thatyourisnothingdistinctfrom。{184}
。Youmaydrawasmanyabsurdconsequencesasyouplease，andendeavourtoperplextheplainestthings；butyoushallneverpersuademeoutofmysenses。Iclearlyunderstandmyownmeaning。
。Iwishyouwouldmakemeunderstandittoo。But，sinceyouareunwillingtohaveyournotionofcorporealsubstanceexamined，Ishallurgethatpointnofarther。Onlybepleasedtoletmeknow，whetherthesamecolourswhichweseeexistinexternalbodies，orsomeother。
。Theverysame。
。What!arethenthebeautifulredandpurpleweseeonyondercloudsreallyinthem？Ordoyouimaginetheyhaveinthemselvesanyotherformthanthatofadarkmistorvapour？
。Imustown，Philonous，thosecoloursarenotreallyinthecloudsastheyseemtobeatthisdistance。Theyareonlyapparentcolours。
。callyouthem？howshallwedistinguishtheseapparentcoloursfromreal？
。Veryeasily。Thosearetobethoughtapparentwhich，appearingonlyatadistance，vanishuponanearerapproach。
。Andthose，Isuppose，aretobethoughtrealwhicharediscoveredbythemostnearandexactsurvey。
。Right。
。Isthenearestandexactestsurveymadebythehelpofamicroscope，orbythenakedeye？
。Byamicroscope，doubtless。
。Butamicroscopeoftendiscoverscoloursinanobjectdifferentfromthoseperceivedbytheunassistedsight。
And，incasewehadmicroscopesmagnifyingtoanyassigneddegree，itiscertainthatnoobjectwhatsoever，viewedthroughthem，wouldappearinthesamecolourwhichitexhibitstothenakedeye。
。Andwhatwillyouconcludefromallthis？Youcannotarguethattherearereallyandnaturallynocoloursonobjects:
becausebyartificialmanagementstheymaybealtered，ormadetovanish。
。Ithinkitmayevidentlybeconcludedfromyourownconcessions，thatallthecoloursweseewithournakedeyesareonlyapparentasthoseontheclouds，sincetheyvanishuponamorecloseandaccurateinspectionwhichisaffordedusbyamicroscope。Then\'astowhatyousaybywayofprevention:{185}
Iaskyouwhethertherealandnaturalstateofanobjectisbetterdiscoveredbyaverysharpandpiercingsight，orbyonewhichislesssharp？
。Bytheformerwithoutdoubt。
。Isitnotplainfromthatmicroscopesmakethesightmorepenetrating，andrepresentobjectsastheywouldappeartotheeyeincaseitwerenaturallyendowedwithamostexquisitesharpness？
。Itis。
。Consequentlythemicroscopicalrepresentationistobethoughtthatwhichbestsetsforththerealnatureofthething，orwhatitisinitself。Thecolours，therefore，byitperceivedaremoregenuineandrealthanthoseperceivedotherwise。
。Iconfessthereissomethinginwhatyousay。
。Besides，itisnotonlypossiblebutmanifest，thatthereactuallyareanimalswhoseeyesarebynatureframedtoperceivethosethingswhichbyreasonoftheirminutenessescapeoursight。Whatthinkyouofthoseinconceivablysmallanimalsperceivedbyglasses？mustwesupposetheyareallstarkblind？
Or，incasetheysee，canitbeimaginedtheirsighthathnotthesameuseinpreservingtheirbodiesfrominjuries，whichappearsinthatofallotheranimals？Andifithath，isitnotevidenttheymustseeparticleslessthantheirownbodies；whichwillpresentthemwithafardifferentviewineachobjectfromthatwhichstrikesoursenses？Evenourowneyesdonotalwaysrepresentobjectstousafterthesamemanner。Inthejaundiceeveryoneknowsthatallthingsseemyellow。Isitnotthereforehighlyprobablethoseanimalsinwhoseeyeswediscernaverydifferenttexturefromthatofours，andwhosebodiesaboundwithdifferenthumours，donotseethesamecoloursineveryobjectthatwedo？Fromallwhich，shoulditnotseemtofollowthatallcoloursareequallyapparent，andthatnoneofthosewhichweperceivearereallyinherentinanyoutwardobject？
。Itshould。
。Thepointwillbepastalldoubt，ifyouconsiderthat，incasecolourswererealpropertiesoraffectionsinherentinexternalbodies，theycouldadmitofnoalterationwithoutsomechangewroughtintheverybodiesthemselves:but，isitnotevidentfromwhathathbeensaidthat，upontheuseofmicroscopes，uponachangehappeningintheburnoutsoftheeye，oravariationofdistance，withoutanymannerofrealalteration{186}inthethingitself，thecoloursofanyobjectareeitherchanged，ortotallydisappear？Nay，allothercircumstancesremainingthesame，changebutthesituationofsomeobjects，andtheyshallpresentdifferentcolourstotheeye。Thesamethinghappensuponviewinganobjectinvariousdegreesoflight。Andwhatismoreknownthanthatthesamebodiesappeardifferentlycolouredbycandle-lightfromwhattheydointheopenday？Addtothesetheexperimentofaprismwhich，separatingtheheterogeneousraysoflight，altersthecolourofanyobject，andwillcausethewhitesttoappearofadeepblueorredtothenakedeye。Andnowtellmewhetheryouarestillofopinionthateverybodyhathitstruerealcolourinheringinit；and，ifyouthinkithath，Iwouldfainknowfartherfromyou，whatcertaindistanceandpositionoftheobject，whatpeculiartextureandformationoftheeye，whatdegreeorkindoflightisnecessaryforascertainingthattruecolour，anddistinguishingitfromapparentones。
。Iownmyselfentirelysatisfied，thattheyareallequallyapparent，andthatthereisnosuchthingascolourreallyinheringinexternalbodies，butthatitisaltogetherinthelight。Andwhatconfirmsmeinthisopinionis，thatinproportiontothelightcoloursarestillmoreorlessvivid；andiftherebenolight，thenaretherenocoloursperceived。
Besides，allowingtherearecoloursonexternalobjects，yet，howisitpossibleforustoperceivethem？Fornoexternalbodyaffectsthemind，unlessitactsfirstonourorgansofsense。
Buttheonlyactionofbodiesismotion；andmotioncannotbecommunicatedotherwisethanbyimpulse。Adistantobjectthereforecannotactontheeye；norconsequentlymakeitselforitspropertiesperceivabletothesoul。Whenceitplainlyfollowsthatitisimmediatelysomecontiguoussubstance，which，operatingontheeye，occasionsaperceptionofcolours:andsuchislight。
。Howlislightthenasubstance？
……Itellyou，Philonous，externallightisnothingbutathinfluidsubstance，whoseminuteparticlesbeingagitatedwithabriskmotion，andinvariousmannersreflectedfromthedifferentsurfacesofoutwardobjectstotheeyes，communicatedifferentmotionstotheopticnerves；which，beingpropagatedtothebrain，causethereinvariousimpressions；andtheseareattendedwiththesensationsofred，blue，yellow，&c。
。Itseemsthenthelightdothnomorethanshaketheopticnerves。{187}
。Nothingelse。
。Andconsequenttoeachparticularmotionofthenerves，themindisaffectedwithasensation，whichissomeparticularcolour。
。Right。
。Andthesesensationshavenoexistencewithoutthemind。
。Theyhavenot。
。Howthendoyouaffirmthatcoloursareinthelight；sincebyyouunderstandacorporealsubstanceexternaltothemind？
。Lightandcolours，asimmediatelyperceivedbyus，I
grantcannotexistwithoutthemind。Butinthemselvestheyareonlythemotionsandconfigurationsofcertaininsensibleparticlesofmatter。
。Coloursthen，inthevulgarsense，ortakenfortheimmediateobjectsofsight，cannotagreetoanybutaperceivingsubstance。
。ThatiswhatIsay。
。Wellthen，sinceyougiveupthepointastothosesensiblequalitieswhicharealonethoughtcoloursbyallmankindbeside，youmayholdwhatyoupleasewithregardtothoseinvisibleonesofthephilosophers。Itisnotmybusinesstodisputeabout；onlyIwouldadviseyoutobethinkyourself，whether，consideringtheinquiryweareupon，itbeprudentforyoutoaffirm——，。Arenottheseshockingnotions，andarenottheysubjecttoasmanyridiculousinferences，asthoseyouwereobligedtorenouncebeforeinthecaseofsounds？
。Ifranklyown，Philonous，thatitisinvaintolonger。Colours，sounds，tastes，inawordallthosetermed，havecertainlynoexistencewithoutthemind。ButbythisacknowledgmentImustnotbesupposedtoderogate，therealityofMatter，orexternalobjects；seeingitisnomorethanseveralphilosophersmaintain，whoneverthelessarethefarthestimaginablefromdenyingMatter。Fortheclearerunderstandingofthis，youmustknowsensiblequalitiesarebyphilosophersdividedintoand。TheformerareExtension，Figure，Solidity，Gravity，Motion，andRest；{188}
andthesetheyholdexistreallyinbodies。Thelatterarethoseaboveenumerated；or，briefly，；whichtheyassertareonlysomanysensationsorideasexistingnowherebutinthemind。Butallthis，Idoubtnot，youareapprisedof。Formypart，Ihavebeenalongtimesensibletherewassuchanopinioncurrentamongphilosophers，butwasneverthoroughlyconvincedofitstruthuntilnow。
。Youarestillthenofopinionthatandinherentinexternalunthinkingsubstances？
。Iam。
。ButwhatifthesameargumentswhicharebroughtagainstSecondaryQualitieswillholdgoodagainstthesealso？
。WhythenIshallbeobligedtothink，theytooexistonlyinthemind。
。Isityouropiniontheveryfigureandextensionwhichyouperceivebysenseexistintheoutwardobjectormaterialsubstance？
。Itis。
。Haveallotheranimalsasgoodgroundstothinkthesameofthefigureandextensionwhichtheyseeandfeel？
。Withoutdoubt，iftheyhaveanythoughtatall。
。Answerme，Hylas。Thinkyouthesenseswerebestoweduponallanimalsfortheirpreservationandwell-beinginlife？
orweretheygiventomenaloneforthisend？
。Imakenoquestionbuttheyhavethesameuseinallotheranimals。
。Ifso，isitnotnecessarytheyshouldbeenabledbythemtoperceivetheirownlimbs，andthosebodieswhicharecapableofharmingthem？
。Certainly。
。Amitethereforemustbesupposedtoseehisownfoot，andthingsequalorevenlessthanit，asbodiesofsomeconsiderabledimension；thoughatthesametimetheyappeartoyouscarcediscernible，oratbestassomanyvisiblepoints？
。Icannotdenyit。
。Andtocreatureslessthanthemitetheywillseemyetlarger？
。Theywill。
。Insomuchthatwhatyoucanhardlydiscernwilltoanotherextremelyminuteanimalappearassomehugemountain？
{189}
。AllthisIgrant。
。Canoneandthesamethingbeatthesametimeinitselfofdifferentdimensions？
。Thatwereabsurdtoimagine。
。But，fromwhatyouhavelaiddownitfollowsthatboththeextensionbyyouperceived，andthatperceivedbythemiteitself，aslikewiseallthoseperceivedbylesseranimals，areeachofthemthetrueextensionofthemite\'sfoot；thatistosay，byyourownprinciplesyouareledintoanabsurdity。
。Thereseemstobesomedifficultyinthepoint。
。Again，haveyounotacknowledgedthatnorealinherentpropertyofanyobjectcanbechangedwithoutsomechangeinthethingitself？
。Ihave。
。But，asweapproachtoorrecedefromanobject，thevisibleextensionvaries，beingatonedistancetenorahundredtimesgreaterthananother。Dothitnotthereforefollowfromhencelikewisethatitisnotreallyinherentintheobject？
。IownIamatalosswhattothink。
。Yourjudgmentwillsoonbedetermined，ifyouwillventuretothinkasfreelyconcerningthisqualityasyouhavedoneconcerningtherest。Wasitnotadmittedasagoodargument，thatneitherheatnorcoldwasinthewater，becauseitseemedwarmtoonehandandcoldtotheother？
。Itwas。
。Isitnottheverysamereasoningtoconclude，thereisnoextensionorfigureinanobject，becausetooneeyeitshallseemlittle，smooth，andround，whenatthesametimeitappearstotheother，great，uneven，andregular？
。Theverysame。Butdoesthislatterfacteverhappen？
。Youmayatanytimemaketheexperiment，bylookingwithoneeyebare，andwiththeotherthroughamicroscope。
。Iknownothowtomaintainit；andyetIamloathtogiveup，Iseesomanyoddconsequencesfollowinguponsuchaconcession。
。Odd，sayyou？Aftertheconcessionsalreadymade，I
hopeyouwillstickatnothingforitsoddness。[But，ontheotherhand，shoulditnotseemveryodd，ifthegeneralreasoning{190}whichincludesallothersensiblequalitiesdidnotalsoincludeextension？Ifitbeallowedthatnoidea，noranythinglikeanidea，canexistinanunperceivingsubstance，thensurelyitfollowsthatnofigure，ormodeofextension，whichwecaneitherperceive，orimagine，orhaveanyideaof，canbereallyinherentinMatter；nottomentionthepeculiardifficultytheremustbeinconceivingamaterialsubstance，priortoanddistinctfromextensiontobetheofextension。Bethesensiblequalitywhatitwill——figure，orsound，orcolour，itseemsalikeimpossibleitshouldsubsistinthatwhichdothnotperceiveit。][2]
。Igiveupthepointforthepresent，reservingstillarighttoretractmyopinion，incaseIshallhereafterdiscoveranyfalsestepinmyprogresstoit。
。Thatisarightyoucannotbedenied。Figuresandextensionbeingdespatched，weproceednextto。Canarealmotioninanyexternalbodybeatthesametimeveryswiftandveryslow？
。Itcannot。
。Isnotthemotionofabodyswiftinareciprocalproportiontothetimeittakesupindescribinganygivenspace？
Thusabodythatdescribesamileinanhourmovesthreetimesfasterthanitwouldincaseitdescribedonlyamileinthreehours。
。Iagreewithyou。
。Andisnottimemeasuredbythesuccessionofideasinourminds？
。Itis。
。Andisitnotpossibleideasshouldsucceedoneanothertwiceasfastinyourmindastheydoinmine，orinthatofsomespiritofanotherkind？
。Iownit。
。Consequentlythesamebodymaytoanotherseemtoperformitsmotionoveranyspaceinhalfthetimethatitdothtoyou。Andthesamereasoningwillholdastoanyotherproportion:thatistosay，accordingtoyourprinciplessincethemotionsperceivedarebothreallyintheobjectitispossibleoneandthesamebodyshallbereallymovedthesamewayatonce，bothveryswiftandveryslow。Howisthisconsistenteitherwithcommonsense，orwithwhatyoujustnowgranted？
{191}
。Ihavenothingtosaytoit。
。Thenasfor；eitheryoudonotmeananysensiblequalitybythatword，andsoitisbesideourinquiry:
orifyoudo，itmustbeeitherhardnessorresistance。Butboththeoneandtheotherareplainlyrelativetooursenses:itbeingevidentthatwhatseemshardtooneanimalmayappearsofttoanother，whohathgreaterforceandfirmnessoflimbs。NorisitlessplainthattheresistanceIfeelisnotinthebody。
。Iowntheveryofresistance，whichisallyouimmediatelyperceive，isnotinthebody；butthe
ofthatsensationis。
。Butthecausesofoursensationsarenotthingsimmediatelyperceived，andthereforearenotsensible。ThispointIthoughthadbeenalreadydetermined。
。Iownitwas；butyouwillpardonmeifIseemalittleembarrassed:Iknownothowtoquitmyoldnotions。
。Tohelpyouout，dobutconsiderthatif
beonceacknowledgedtohavenoexistencewithoutthemind，thesamemustnecessarilybegrantedofmotion，solidity，andgravity；sincetheyallevidentlysupposeextension。Itisthereforesuperfluoustoinquireparticularlyconcerningeachofthem。Indenyingextension，youhavedeniedthemalltohaveanyrealexistence。
。Iwonder，Philonous，ifwhatyousaybetrue，whythosephilosopherswhodenytheSecondaryQualitiesanyrealexistenceshouldyetattributeittothePrimary。Ifthereisnodifferencebetweenthem，howcanthisbeaccountedfor？
。Itisnotmybusinesstoaccountforeveryopinionofthephilosophers。But，amongotherreasonswhichmaybeassignedforthis，itseemsprobablethatpleasureandpainbeingratherannexedtotheformerthanthelattermaybeone。Heatandcold，tastesandsmells，havesomethingmorevividlypleasingordisagreeablethantheideasofextension，figure，andmotionaffectuswith。And，itbeingtoovisiblyabsurdtoholdthatpainorpleasurecanbeinanunperceivingsubstance，menaremoreeasilyweanedfrombelievingtheexternalexistenceoftheSecondarythanthePrimaryQualities。Youwillbesatisfiedthereissomethinginthis，ifyourecollectthedifferenceyoumadebetweenanintenseandmoremoderatedegreeofheat；allowingtheonearealexistence，whileyoudeniedittotheother。But，afterall，thereisnorationalgroundforthatdistinction；for，surelyanindifferentsensationisas{191}truly
asonemorepleasingorpainful；andconsequentlyshouldnotanymorethantheybesupposedtoexistinanunthinkingsubject。
。Itisjustcomeintomyhead，Philonous，thatIhavesomewhereheardofadistinctionbetweenabsoluteandsensibleextension。Now，thoughitbeacknowledgedthatand，consistingmerelyintherelationwhichotherextendedbeingshavetothepartsofourownbodies，donotreallyinhereinthesubstancesthemselves；yetnothingobligesustoholdthesamewithregardto，whichissomethingabstractedfromand，fromthisorthatparticularmagnitudeorfigure。Solikewiseastomotion；and
arealtogetherrelativetothesuccessionofideasinourownminds。But，itdothnotfollow，becausethosemodificationsofmotionexistnotwithoutthemind，thatthereforeabsolutemotionabstractedfromthemdothnot。
。Praywhatisitthatdistinguishesonemotion，oronepartofextension，fromanother？Isitnotsomethingsensible，assomedegreeofswiftnessorslowness，somecertainmagnitudeorfigurepeculiartoeach？
。Ithinkso。
。Thesequalities，therefore，strippedofallsensibleproperties，arewithoutallspecificandnumericaldifferences，astheschoolscallthem。
。Theyare。
。Thatistosay，theyareextensioningeneral，andmotioningeneral。
。Letitbeso。
。Butitisauniversallyreceivedmaximthat。Howthencanmotioningeneral，orextensioningeneral，existinanycorporealsubstance？{193}
。Iwilltaketimetosolveyourdifficulty。
。ButIthinkthepointmaybespeedilydecided。
Withoutdoubtyoucantellwhetheryouareabletoframethisorthatidea。NowIamcontenttoputourdisputeonthisissue。Ifyoucanframeinyourthoughtsadistinctofmotionorextension，divestedofallthosesensiblemodes，asswiftandslow，greatandsmall，roundandsquare，andthelike，whichareacknowledgedtoexistonlyinthemind，Iwillthenyieldthepointyoucontendfor。Butifyoucannot，itwillbeunreasonableonyoursidetoinsistanylongeruponwhatyouhavenonotionof。
。Toconfessingenuously，Icannot。
。Canyouevenseparatetheideasofextensionandmotionfromtheideasofallthosequalitieswhichtheywhomakethedistinctionterm？
。What!isitnotaneasymattertoconsiderextensionandmotionbythemselves，abstractedfromallothersensiblequalities？Prayhowdothemathematicianstreatofthem？
。Iacknowledge，Hylas，itisnotdifficulttoformgeneralpropositionsandreasoningsaboutthosequalities，withoutmentioninganyother；and，inthissense，toconsiderortreatofthemabstractedly。But，howdothitfollowthat，becauseIcanpronouncethewordbyitself，Icanformtheideaofitinmymindexclusiveofbody？or，becausetheoremsmaybemadeofextensionandfigures，withoutanymentionofor，oranyothersensiblemodeorquality，thatthereforeitispossiblesuchanabstractideaofextension，withoutanyparticularsizeorfigure，orsensiblequality，[3][shouldbedistinctlyformed，andapprehendedbythemind？Mathematicianstreatofquantity，withoutregardingwhatothersensible。
qualitiesitisattendedwith，asbeingaltogetherindifferenttotheirdemonstrations。But，whenlayingasidethewords，theycontemplatethebareideas，Ibelieveyouwillfind，theyarenotthepureabstractedideasofextension。
。Butwhatsayyouto？Maynotabstractedideasbeframedbythatfaculty？
。SinceIcannotframeabstractideasatall，itisplainIcannotframethembythehelpof；{194}
whatsoeverfacultyyouunderstandbythosewords。Besides，nottoinquireintothenatureofpureintellectanditsspiritualobjects，as，，，orthelike，thusmuchseemsmanifest——thatsensiblethingsareonlytobeperceivedbysense，orrepresentedbytheimagination。Figures，therefore，andextension，beingoriginallyperceivedbysense，donotbelongtopureintellect:but，foryourfarthersatisfaction，tryifyoucanframetheideaofanyfigure，abstractedfromallparticularitiesofsize，orevenfromothersensiblequalities。
。Letmethinkalittle——IdonotfindthatIcan。
。Andcanyouthinkitpossiblethatshouldreallyexistinnaturewhichimpliesarepugnancyinitsconception？
。Bynomeans。
。Sincethereforeitisimpossibleevenforthemindtodisunitetheideasofextensionandmotionfromallothersensiblequalities，dothitnotfollow，thatwheretheoneexisttherenecessarilytheotherexistlikewise？
。Itshouldseemso。