BILLS，FIRSTREADING。WHENabillisfirstpresented，theclerkreadsitatthetable，andhandsittotheSpeaker，whorising，statestotheHousethetitleofthebill，thatthisisthefirsttimeofreadingit，andthequestionwillbewhetheritshallbereadasecondtime？Thensittingdowntogiveanopeningforobjections，ifnonebemade，herisesagainandputsthequestionwhetheritshallbereadasecondtime？Hakew。137，141。Abillcannotbeamendedatthefirstreading。
6Grey286。norisitusualforittobeopposedthen:butitmaybedoneandrejected。D\'Ewes335，col。1。3Hats。198。SEC。XXV。
BILLS，SECONDREADING。THEsecondreadingmustregularlybeonanotherday。Hakew。143。Itisdonebytheclerkatthetable，whothenhandsittotheSpeaker。TheSpeaker，rising，statestotheHousethetitleofthebill，thatthisisthesecondtimeofreadingit，andthatthequestionwillbewhetheritshallbecommitted，orengrossedandreadathirdtime？ButifthebillcamefromtheotherHouse，asitalwayscomesengrossed，hestatesthatthequestionwillbewhetheritshallbereadathirdtime？andbeforehehassoreportedthestateofthebill，nooneistospeaktoit。Hakew。143，146。
IntheSenateoftheUnitedStates，thePresidentreportsthetitleofthebill，thatthisisthesecondtimeofreadingit，thatitisnowtobeconsideredasinaCommitteeoftheWhole，andthequestionwillbe，whetheritshallbereadathirdtime？or，thatitmaybereferredtoaspecialcommittee。SEC。XXVI。
BILLS，COMMITMENT。IFonmotionandquestionitbedecidedthatthebillshallbecommitted，itmaythenbemovedtobereferredtoacommitteeofthewholeHouse，ortoaspecialcommittee。
Ifthelatter，theSpeakerproceedstonamethecommittee。Anymemberalsomaynameasingleperson，andtheclerkistowritehimdownasofthecommittee。ButtheHousehaveacontroulingpoweroverthenamesandnumber，ifaquestionbemovedagainstanyone，andmayinanycaseputinandputoutwhomtheyplease。
Thosewhotakeexceptionstosomeparticularsinthebillaretobeofthecommittee。Butnonewhospeakdirectlyagainstthebodyofthebill。
Forhethatwouldtotallydestroy，willnotamendit。Hakew。146。Town。coll。208。D\'Ewes。623。col。2Scob47。
orasissaid，5Grey145。thechildisnottobeputtoanursethatcaresnotforit。6Grey373。Itisthereforeaconstantrule\"thatnomanistobeemployedinanymatterwhohasdeclaredhimselfagainstit。”Andwhenanymemberwhoisagainstthebillhearshimselfnamedofitscommittee，heoughttoasktobeexcused。ThusMarch7，1606，Mr。Hadleywas，onthequestion\'sbeingput，excusedfrombeingofacommittee，declaringhimselftobeagainstthematteritself。Scob。46。
Nobillshallbecommittedoramendeduntilitshallhavebeentwiceread，afterwhichitmaybereferredtoacommittee。Rule14。
Allcommitteesshallbeappointedbyballot，andapluralityofvoicesshallmakeachoice。Rule15。
Theclerkmaydeliverthebilltoanymemberofthecommittee。Town。
col。138。Butitisusualtodeliverittohimwhoisfirstnamed。
Insomecases，theHousehasorderedacommitteetowithdrawimmediatelyintothecommitteechamber，andacton，andbringbackthebill，sittingtheHouse。Scob。48。
Acommitteemeetswhen，andwheretheyplease，iftheHousehasnotorderedtimeandplaceforthem。6Grey370。Buttheycanonlyactwhentogether，andnotbyseparateconsultationandconsent；nothingbeingthereportofthecommitteebutwhathasbeenagreedtoincommitteeactuallyassembled。
Amajorityofthecommitteeconstitutesaquorumforbusiness。Elsynge\'sMethodofpassingBills。11。
AnymemberoftheHousemaybepresentatanyselectcommittee，butcannotvote，andmustgiveplacetoallofthecommittee，andsitbelowthem。Elsynge12。Scob。49。
Butin1626，April24，theHouseofCommonsresolved，thatthoughanymembersmaybepresentattheexaminationofwitnesses，theymaynotbeatthedebate，dispositionorpenningofthebusinessbytheselectcommittee。
4Hats。124。
Thecommitteehavefullpoweroverthebill，orotherpapercommittedtothem，exceptthattheycannotchangethetitleorsubject。8Grey228。
Thepaperbeforeacommittee，whetherselect，orofthewhole，maybeabill，resolutions，draughtofanaddress，&；c。anditmayeitheroriginatewiththem，orbereferredtothem。Ineverycase，thewholepaperisreadfirstbytheclerk，andthenbythechairman，byparagraphs，Scob。49。pausingattheendofeachparagraph，andputtingquestionsforamending，ifproposed。Inthecaseofresolutionsondistinctsubjects，originatingwiththemselves，aquestionisputoneachseparately，asamended，orunamended，andnofinalquestiononthewhole:3Hats。276。butiftheyrelatetothesamesubject，aquestionisputonthewhole。Ifitbeabill，draughtofanaddress，orotherpaperoriginatingwiththem，theyproceedbyparagraphs，puttingquestionsforamending，eitherbyinsertionorstrikingout，ifproposed:butnoquestiononagreeingtotheparagraphsseparately。Thisisreservedtotheclose，whenaquestionisputonthewhole，foragreeingtoitasamended，orunamended。Butifitbeapaperreferredtothem，theyproceedtoputquestionsofamendment，ifproposed，butnofinalquestiononthewhole:becauseallpartsofthepaperhavingbeenadoptedbytheHouse，standofcourse，unlessaltered，orstruckoutbyavote。Eveniftheyareopposedtothewholepaper，andthinkitcannotbemadegoodbyamendments，theycannotrejectit，butmustreportitbacktotheHousewithoutamendments，andtheremaketheiropposition。
Thenaturalorderinconsideringandamendinganypaperis，tobeginatthebeginning，andproceedthroughitbyparagraphs；andthisorderissostrictlyadheredtoinParliament，thatwhenalatterparthasbeenamended，youcannotrecurbackandmakeanyalterationinaformerpart。
2Hats。90。Innumerousassembliesthisrestraintisdoubtlessimportant。ButinSenateoftheUnitedStates，thoughinthemainweconsiderandamendtheparagraphsintheirnaturalorder，yetrecurrencesareindulged:
andtheyseemonthewhole，inthatsmallbody，toproduceadvantagesoverweighingtheirinconveniences。
Tothisnaturalorderofbeginningatthebeginning，thereisasingleexceptionfoundinParliamentaryusage。Whenabillistakenupincommittee，oronitssecondreading，theypostponethepreamble，tilltheotherpartsofthebillaregonethrough。Thereasonis，thatonconsiderationofthebodyofthebill，suchalterationsmaythereinbemadeasmayalsooccasionthealterationofthepreamble。Scob。50。7Grey431。
OnthisheadthefollowingcaseoccurredinSenate，March6，1800。A
resolution，whichhadnopreamble，havingbeenalreadyamendedbytheHouse，sothatafewwordsonlyoftheoriginalremainedinit，amotionwasmadetoprefixapreamble，whichhavinganaspectverydifferentfromtheresolution，themoverintimatedthatheshouldafterwardsproposeacorrespondentamendmentinthebodyoftheresolution。Itwasobjectedthatapreamblecouldnotbetakenuptillthebodyoftheresolutionisdonewith。Butthepreamblewasreceived:becauseweareinfactthroughthebodyoftheresolution，wehaveamendedthatasfarasamendmentshavebeenoffered，andindeedtilllittleoftheoriginalisleft。Itisthepropertime，therefore，toconsiderapreamble:andwhethertheoneofferedbeconsistentwiththeresolution，isfortheHousetodetermine。Themoverindeed，hasintimated，thatheshallofferasubsequentpropositionforthebodyoftheresolution；
buttheHouseisnotinpossessionofit；itremainsinhisbreast，andmaybewithheld。TherulesoftheHousecanonlyoperateonwhatisbeforethem。ThepracticeoftheSenatetoo，allowsrecurrencesbackwardsandforwards，forthepurposesofamendment，notpermittingamendmentsinasubsequent，toprecludethoseinapriorpart，oreconverso。
Whenthecommitteeisthroughthewhole，amembermovesthatthecommitteemayrise，andthechairmanreportthepapertotheHouse，with，orwithoutamendments，asthecasemaybe。2Hats。289，292。Scob。53。
2Hats。290。8Scob。50。
Whenavoteisoncepassedinacommittee，itcannotbealteredbutbytheHouse，theirvotesbeingbindingonthemselves。1607，June4。
Thecommitteemaynoterase，interline，orblotthebillitself；butmustinapaperbyitself，setdowntheamendments，statingthewordswhicharetobeinsertedoromitted；Scob。50。andwhere，byreferencestothepage，lineandwordofthebill。Scob。50。SEC。XXVII。
REPORTOFCOMMITTEE。THEchairmanofthecommittee，standinginhisplace，informstheHouse，thatthecommittee，towhomwasreferredsuchabill，have，accordingtoorder，hadthesameunderconsideration，andhavedirectedhimtoreportthesamewithoutanyamendment，orwithsundryamendments，asthecasemaybe，whichheisreadytodo，whentheHousepleasestoreceiveit。Andhe，oranyother，maymovethatitbenowreceived。Butthecryof\"now，now，\"fromtheHouse，generallydispenseswiththeformalityofamotionandquestion。Hethenreadstheamendmentswiththecoherenceinthebill，andopensthealterations，andthereasonsofthecommitteeforsuchamendments，untilhehasgonethroughthewhole。
Hethendeliversitattheclerk\'stable，wheretheamendmentsreportedarereadbytheclerk，withoutthecoherence，whereuponthepaperslieonthetable，tilltheHouseatitsconvenience，shalltakeupthereport。Scob。52。Hakew。148。
Thereportbeingmade，thecommitteeisdissolved，andcanactnomorewithoutanewpower。Scob。51。Butitmayberevivedbyavote，andthesamematterrecommittedtothem。4Grey361。SEC。XXVIII。
BILL，RECOMMITMENT。AFTERabillhasbeencommittedandreported，itoughtnot，inanordinarycourse，toberecommitted。Butincasesofimportance，andforspecialreasons，itissometimesrecommitted，andusuallytothesamecommittee。Hakew。151。IfareportberecommittedbeforeagreedtointheHouse，whathaspassedincommitteeisofnovalidity；
thewholequestionisagainbeforethecommittee，andanewresolutionmustbeagainmoved，asifnothinghadpassed。3Hats。131。note。
InSenate，January1800，thesalvagebillwasrecommittedthreetimesafterthecommitment。
Aparticularclauseofabillmaybecommittedwithoutthewholebill；
3Hats。131。orsomuchofapapertoone，andsomuchtoanothercommittee。SEC。XXIX。
BILL，REPORTTAKENUP。WHENthereportofapaperoriginatingwithacommittee，istakenupbytheHouse，theyproceedexactlyasincommittee。Here，asincommittee，whentheparagraphshave，ondistinctquestions，beenagreedtoseriatim，5Grey366。6Grey368。
8Grey47，104，360。1Torbuck\'sDeb。125。3Hats。348。noquestionneedsbeputonthewholereport。5Grey381。
Ontakingupabillreportedwithamendments，theamendmentsonlyarereadbytheclerk。TheSpeakerthenreadsthefirst，andputsittothequestion，andsoon，tillthewholeareadoptedorrejected，beforeanyotheramendmentbeadmitted，exceptitbeanamendmenttoanamendment。Elsynge\'sMem。53。Whenthroughtheamendmentsofthecommittee，theSpeakerpauses，andgivestimeforamendmentstobeproposedintheHousetothebodyofthebill:ashedoesalsoifithasbeenreportedwithoutamendments；puttingnoquestionsbutonamendmentsproposed:andwhenthroughthewhole，heputsthequestionwhetherthebillshallbereadathirdtime？SEC。XXX。
QUASI-COMMITTEE。IFonthemotionandquestion，thebillbenotcommitted，orifnopropositionforcommitmentbemade，thentheproceedingsintheSenateoftheUnitedStates，andinParliament，aretotallydifferent。Theformershallbefirststated。
The20thruleoftheSenatesays，\"Allbills，onasecondreading，shallfirstbeconsideredbytheSenateinthesamemannerasiftheSenatewereinacommitteeofthewhole，beforetheyshallbetakenupandproceededonbytheSenateagreeablytothestandingrules，unlessotherwiseordered:\"
thatistosay，unlessorderedtobereferredtoaspecialcommittee。
TheproceedingoftheSenateasinacommitteeofthewhole，orinquasi-committee，ispreciselyasinarealcommitteeofthewhole，takingnoquestionsbutonamendments。Whenthroughthewhole，theyconsiderthequasi-committeeasrisen，theHouseresumed，withoutanymotion，question，orresolutiontothateffect，andthePresidentreportsthat\"theHouseactingasinacommitteeofthewhole，havehadundertheirconsiderationthebillintituled，&；c。andhavemadesundryamendments，whichhewillnowreporttotheHouse。”Thebillisthenbeforethemasitwouldhavebeenifreportedfromacommittee，andquestionsareregularlytobeputagainoneveryamendment:whichbeinggonethrough，thePresidentpausestogivetimetotheHousetoproposeamendmentstothebodyofthebill，andwhenthrough，putsthequestionwhetheritshallbereadathirdtime？
Afterprogressinamendingabillinquasi-committee，amotionmaybemadetoreferittoaspecialcommittee。Ifthemotionprevails，itisequivalentineffecttotheseveralvotesthatthecommitteerise，theHouseresumeitself，dischargethecommitteeofthewhole，andreferthebilltoaspecialcommittee。Inthatcasetheamendmentsalreadymadefall。
Butifthemotionfails，thequasi-committeestandsinstatuquo。
Howfardoesthis20thrulesubjecttheHousewheninquasi-committee，tothelawswhichregulatetheproceedingsofcommitteesofthewhole？
TheparticularsinwhichthesedifferfromproceedingsintheHouse，arethefollowing。
1。Inacommittee，everymembermayspeakasoftenashepleases。2。
ThevotesofacommitteemayberejectedoralteredwhenreportedtotheHouse。3。Acommittee，evenofthewhole，cannotreferanymattertoanothercommittee。4。Inacommittee，nopreviousquestioncanbetaken。Theonlymeanstoavoidanimproperdiscussionis，tomovethatthecommitteerise:
andifitbeapprehendedthatthesamediscussionwillbeattemptedonreturningintocommittee，theHousecandischargethem，andproceeditselfonthebusiness，keepingdowntheimproperdiscussionbythepreviousquestion。
5。Acommitteecannotpunishabreachoforder，intheHouse，orinthegallery。9Grey113。ItcanonlyriseandreportittotheHouse，whomayproceedtopunish。
The1stand2dofthesepeculiaritiesattachtothequasi-committeeoftheSenate，aseveryday\'spracticeproves；andseemtobetheonlyonestowhichthe20thrulemeanttosubjectthem。ForitcontinuestobeaHouse，andtherefore，thoughitactsinsomerespectsasacommittee，inothersitpreservesitscharacterasaHouse。Thus3。Itisinthedailyhabitofreferringitsbusinesstoaspecialcommittee。4。Itadmitsthepreviousquestion。Ifitdidnot，itwouldhavenomeansofpreventinganimproperdiscussion；notbeingableasacommitteeis，toavoiditbyreturningintotheHouse:forthemomentitwouldresumethesamesubjectthere，the20thruledeclaresitagainaquasi-committee。5。ItwoulddoubtlessexerciseitspowersasaHouseonanybreachoforder。6。Ittakesaquestionbyyeaandnay，astheHousedoes。7。ItreceivesmessagesfromthePresidentandtheotherHouse。8。Inthemidstofadebateitreceivesamotiontoadjourn，andadjournsasaHouse，notasacommittee。SEC。XXXI。
BILL，SECONDREADINGINTHEHOUSE。INParliament，afterthebillhasbeenreadasecondtime，if，onthemotionandquestion，itbenotcommitted，orifnopropositionforcommitmentbemade，theSpeakerreadsitbyparagraphs，pausingbetweeneach，butputtingnoquestionbutonamendmentsproposed；andwhenthroughthewhole，heputsthequestionwhetheritshallbereadathirdtime？ifitcamefromtheotherHouse；or，iforiginatingwiththemselves，whetheritshallbeengrossedandreadathirdtime？TheSpeakerreadssitting，butrisestoputquestions。Theclerkstandswhilehereads。
ButtheSenateoftheUnitedStatesissomuchinthehabitofmakingmanyandmaterialamendmentsatthethirdreading，thatithasbecomethepracticenottoengrossabilltillithaspassed。Anirregularanddangerouspractice；because，inthisway，thepaperwhichpassestheSenateisnotthatwhichgoestotheotherHouse；andthatwhichgoestotheotherHouseastheactoftheSenate，hasneverbeenseeninSenate。Inreducingnumerous，difficult，andillegibleamendmentsintothetext，theSecretarymay，withthemostinnocentintentions，commiterrors，whichcanneveragainbecorrected。
Thebillbeingnowasperfectasitsfriendscanmakeit，thisistheproperstageforthosefundamentallyopposed，tomaketheirfirstattack。
Allattemptsatearlierperiodsarewithdisjointedefforts；becausemanywhodonotexpecttobeinfavorofthebillultimately，arewillingtoletitgoontoitsperfectstate，totaketimetoexamineitthemselves，andtohearwhatcanbesaidforit；knowingthat，afterall，theywillhavesufficientopportunitiesofgivingittheirveto。Itstwolaststagesthereforearereservedforthis，thatistosay，onthequestionwhetheritshallbereadathirdtime？Andlastly，whetheritshallpass？Thefirstoftheseisusuallythemostinterestingcontest；becausethenthewholesubjectisnewandengaging，andthemindsofthemembershavingnotyetbeendeclaredbyanytryingvote，theissueisthemoredoubtful。Inthisstage，therefore，isthemaintrialofstrengthbetweenitsfriendsandopponents:anditbehoveseveryonetomakeuphisminddecisivelyforthisquestion，orhelosesthemainbattle；andaccidentandmanagementmay，andoftendo，preventasuccessfulrallyingonthenextandlastquestionwhetheritshallpass？
Whenthebillisengrossed，thetitleistobeendorsedontheback，andnotwithinthebill。Hakew。250。SEC。XXXII。
READINGPAPERS。WHEREpapersarelaidbeforetheHouse，orreferredtoacommittee，everymemberhasarighttohavethemoncereadatthetable，beforehecanbecompelledtovoteonthem。
Butitisagreat，thoughcommonerror，tosupposethathehasaright，totiesquoties，tohaveacts，journals，accounts，orpapersonthetablereadindependentlyofthewilloftheHouse。Thedelayandinterruptionwhichthismightbemadetoproduce，evincetheimpossibilityoftheexistenceofsucharight。Thereisindeedsomanifestaproprietyofpermittingeverymembertohaveasmuchinformationaspossibleoneveryquestiononwhichheistovote，thatwhenhedesiresthereading，ifitbeseenthatitisreallyforinformation，andnotfordelay，theSpeakerdirectsittobereadwithoutputtingaquestion，ifnooneobjects。Butifobjectedto，aquestionmustbeput。2Hats。117，118。
Itisequallyanerror，tosupposethatanymemberhasaright，withoutaquestionput，tolayabookorpaperonthetable，andhaveitread，onsuggestingthatitcontainsmatterinfringingontheprivilegesoftheHouse。Ib。
Forthesamereason，amemberhasnotarighttoreadapaperinhisplace，ifitbeobjectedto，withoutleaveoftheHouse。Butthisrigourisneverexercised，butwherethereisanintentionalorgrossabuseofthetimeandpatienceoftheHouse。
Amemberhasnotarighteventoreadhisownspeech，committedtowriting，withoutleave。Thisalsoistopreventanabuseoftime；andthereforeisnotrefused，butwherethatisintended。2Grey227。
AreportofacommitteeoftheSenateonabillfromtheHouseofRepresentatives，beingunderconsideration，onmotionthatthereportofthecommitteeoftheHouseofRepresentativesonthesamebillbereadinSenate，itpassedinthenegative；February28，1793。
Formerlywhenpaperswerereferredtoacommittee，theyusedtobefirstread:butoflate，onlythetitles:unlessamemberinsiststheyshallberead，andthennobodycanopposeit。2Hats。117。SEC。XXXIII。
PRIVILEGEDQUESTIONS。WHILEaquestionisbeforetheSenate，nomotionshallbereceivedunlessforanamendment，forthepreviousquestion，orforpostponingthemainquestion，ortocommitit，ortoadjourn。Rule8。
Itisnopossessionofabill，unlessitbedeliveredtotheclerktoberead，ortheSpeakerreadsthetitle。Lex。Parl。274。ElsyngeMem。95。Ord。HouseofCommons64。
Itisageneralrule，thatthequestionfirstmovedandseconded，shallbefirstput。Scob。28，22。2Hats。81。Butthisrulegiveswaytowhatmaybecalledprivilegedquestions；andtheprivilegedquestionsareofdifferentgradesamongthemselves。
Amotiontoadjournsimplytakesplaceofallothers；forotherwise，theHousemightbekeptsittingagainstitswill，andindefinitely。Yetthismotioncannotbereceivedafteranotherquestionisactuallyput，andwhiletheHouseisengagedinvoting。
Ordersofthedaytakeplaceofallotherquestions，exceptforadjournment。
Thatistosay，thequestionwhichisthesubjectofanorder，ismadeaprivilegedoneprohacvoce。Theorderisarepealofthegeneralruleastothisspecialcase。Whenanymembermovesthereforefortheordersofthedaytoberead，nofurtherdebateispermittedonthequestionwhichwasbeforetheHouse；forifthedebatemightproceed，itmightcontinuethroughtheday，anddefeattheorder。Thismotion，toentitleittoprecedence，mustbefortheordersgenerally，andnotforanyparticularone；andifitbecarriedonthequestion，\"WhethertheHousewillnowproceedtotheordersoftheday，\"theymustbereadandproceededoninthecourseinwhichtheystand。2Hats。83。Forpriorityofordergivespriorityofright，whichcannotbetakenawaybutbyanotherspecialorder。
Afterthese，thereareotherprivilegedquestionswhichwillrequireconsiderableexplanation。
ItisproperthateveryParliamentaryassemblyshouldhavecertainformsofquestionsoadapted，astoenablethemfitlytodisposeofeverypropositionwhichcanbemadetothem。Suchare1。Thepreviousquestion。2。Topostponeindefinitely。3。Toadjournaquestiontoadefiniteday。4。Tolieonthetable。5。Tocommit。6。Toamend。Theproperoccasionforeachofthesequestionsshouldbeunderstood。
1。Whenapropositionismoved，whichitisuselessorinexpedientnowtoexpressordiscuss，thepreviousquestionhasbeenintroducedforsuppressingforthattimethemotionanditsdiscussion。3Hats。188，189。
2。Butasthepreviousquestiongetsridofitonlyforthatday，andthesamepropositionmayrecurthenextday，iftheywishtosuppressitforthewholeofthatsession，theypostponeitindefinitely。3Hats。
183。Thisquashesthepropositionforthatsession，asanindefiniteadjournmentisadissolution，orthecontinuanceofasuitsinedieisadiscontinanceofit。
3。Whenamotionismadewhichitwillbepropertoacton，butinformationiswanted，orsomethingmorepressingclaimsthepresenttime，thequestionordebateisadjournedtosuchdaywithinthesessionaswillanswertheviewsoftheHouse。2Hats。81。Andthosewhohavespokenbeforemaynotspeakagainwhentheadjourneddebateisresumed。2Hats。
73。Sometimes，however，thishasbeenabusivelyused，byadjourningittoadaybeyondthesession，togetridofitaltogether，aswouldbedonebyanindefinitepostponement。
4。WhentheHousehassomethingelsewhichclaimsitspresentattention，butwouldbewillingtoreserveintheirpowertotakeupapropositionwheneveritshallsuitthem，theyorderittolieontheirtable。Itmaythenbecalledforatanytime。
5。IfthepropositionwillwantmoreamendmentanddigestionthantheformalitiesoftheHousewillconvenientlyadmit，theyreferittoacommittee。
6。Butifthepropositionbewelldigestedandmayneedbutfewandsimpleamendments，andespeciallyifthesebeofleadingconsequence，theythenproceedtoconsiderandamenditthemselves。
TheSenate，intheirpractice，varyfromthisregulargradationofforms。
Theirpractice，comparativelywiththatofParliamentstandsthus:FortheParliamentary，Postpmt。indefinite-
Adjournment-
LyingontheTable-
TheSenateuses，Postp。toadaybeyondthesession。
Postp。toadaywithinthesession。
Postpmt。indefinite。
Lyingonthetable。Intheir8thruletherefore，whichdeclaresthatwhileaquestionisbeforetheSenate，nomotionshallbereceivedunlessitbeforthepreviousquestion，ortopostpone，commit，oramendthemainquestion，thetermpostponementmustbeunderstoodaccordingtotheirbroaduseofit，andnotinitsParliamentarysense。Theirrulethenestablishesasprivilegedquestions，thepreviousquestion，postponement，commitmentandamendment。
Butitmaybeasked，havethesequestionsanyprivilegeamongthemselves？
Or，aretheysoequal，thatthecommonprincipleofthe\"firstmoved，firstput\"takesplaceamongthem？Thiswillneedexplanation。Theircompetitionsmaybeasfollow:Commit，AmendPrev。Qu。