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　　Atfirstblushitmayberalliedasatheoreticalspeculation；butexaminationwillproveittobesolidandsalutary。Itwouldfurnishmatterforafinepreambletoourfirstlawforappropriatingthepublicrevenue；anditwillexclude，atthethresholdofournewgovernmentthecontagiousandruinouserrorsofthisquarteroftheglobe，whichhavearmeddespotswithmeansnotsanctionedbynatureforbindinginchainstheirfellow-men。Wehavealreadygiven，inexampleoneeffectualchecktotheDogofwar，bytransferringthepoweroflettinghimloosefromtheexecutivetotheLegislativebody，fromthosewhoaretospendtothosewhoaretopay。Ishouldbepleasedtoseethissecondobstacleheldoutbyusalsointhefirstinstance。Nonationcanmakeadeclarationagainstthevalidityoflong-contracteddebtssodisinterestedlyaswe，sincewedonotoweashillingwhichmaynotbepaidwitheaseprincipalandinterest，withinthetimeofourownlives。Establishtheprinciplealsointhenewlawtobepassedforprotectingcopyrightsandnewinventions，bysecuringtheexclusiverightfor19。insteadof14。

　　years_[alineentirelyfaded]_aninstancethemoreofourtakingreasonforourguideinsteadofEnglishprecedents，thehabitofwhichfettersus，withallthepoliticalhereciesofanation，equallyremarkableforit’sencitementfromsomeerrors，aslongslumberingunderothers。Iwriteyounonews，becausewhenanoccasionoccursIshallwriteaseparateletterforthat。

　　ADIEUTOFRANCE

　　_ToMadamed’Enville_

　　_NewYork，April2，1790_

　　Ihadhoped，MadamelaDuchesse，tohaveagainhadthehonorofpayingmyrespectstoyouinParis，butthewishofourgovernmentthatIshouldtakeashareinitsadministration，hasbecomealawtome。CouldIhavepersuadedmyselfthatpublicofficesweremadeforprivateconvenience，Ishouldundoubtedlyhavepreferredacontinuanceinthatwhichplacedmenearertoyou；butbelievingonthecontrarythatagoodcitizenshouldtakehisstandwherethepublicauthoritymarshalshim，Ihaveacquiesced。Amongthecircumstanceswhichreconcilemetomynewpositionthemostpowerfulistheopportunitiesitwillgivemeofcementingthefriendshipbetweenourtwonations。Beassuredthattodothisisthefirstwishofmyheart。Ihavebutonesystemofethicsformen&fornations——tobegrateful，tobefaithfultoallengagementsandunderallcircumstances，tobeopen&generous，promotesinthelongruneventheinterestsofboth；andIamsureitpromotestheirhappiness。Thechangeinyourgovernmentwillapproximateustooneanother。Youhavehadsomechecks，somehorrorssinceIleftyou；

　　butthewaytoheaven，youknow，hasalwaysbeensaidtobestrewedwiththorns。Whyyournationhavehadfewerthananyotheronearth，Idonotknow，unlessitbethatitisthebestonearth。IfI

　　assureyou，Madam，moreover，thatIconsideryourselfpersonallyaswiththeforemostofyournationineveryvirtue，itisnotflattery，myheartknowsnotthat，itisahomagetosacredtruth，itisatributeIpaywithcordialitytoacharacterinwhichIsawbutoneerror；itwasthatoftreatingmewithadegreeoffavorIdidnotmerit。BeassuredIshalleverretainalivelysenseofallyourgoodnesstome，whichwasacircumstanceofprincipalhappinesstomeduringmystayinParis。Ihopethatbythistimeyouhaveseenthatmyprognosticationsofasuccessfulissuetoyourrevolutionhavebeenverified。Ifearedforyouduringashortinterval；butafterthedeclarationofthearmy，tho’theremightbeepisodesofdistress，thedenoumentwasoutofdoubt。HeavensendthatthegloriousexampleofyourcountrymaybebutthebeginningofthehistoryofEuropeanliberty，andthatyoumaylivemanyyearsinhealth&happinesstoseeatlengththatheavendidnotmakemaninit’swrath。AcceptthehomageofthosesentimentsofsincereandrespectfullesteemwithwhichIhavethehonortobe，MadamelaDuchesse，yourmostaffectionate&obedienthumbleservant。

　　READINGTHELAW

　　_ToJohnGarlandJefferson_

　　_NewYork，June11，1790_

　　DEARSIR，——YourunclemrGarlandinformsme，that，youreducationbeingfinished，youaredesirousofobtainingsomeclerkshiporsomethingelseundergovernmentwherebyyoumayturnyourtalentstosomeaccountforyourselfandhehadsupposeditmightbeinmypowertoprovideyouwithsomesuchoffice。Hiscommendationsofyouaresuchastoinducemetowishsincerelytobeofservicetoyou。Butthereisnot，andhasnotbeen，asinglevacantofficeatmydisposal。NorwouldI，asyourfriend，everthinkofputtingyouintothepettyclerkshipsintheseveraloffices，whereyouwouldhavetodrudgethroughlifeforamiserablepittance，withoutahopeofbetteringyoursituation。Buthetellsmeyouarealsodisposedtothestudyofthelaw。Thisthereforebringsitmorewithinmypowertoserveyou。ItwillbenecessaryforyouinthatcasetogoandlivesomewhereinmyneighborhoodinAlbemarle。TheinclosedlettertoColo。LewisnearCharlottesvillewillshowyouwhatIhavesupposedcouldbebestdoneforyouthere。

　　Itisageneralpracticetostudythelawintheofficeofsomelawyer。Thisindeedgivestothestudenttheadvantageofhisinstruction。ButIhaveeverseenthattheservicesexpectedinreturnhavebeenmorethantheinstructionshavebeenworth。Allthatisnecessaryforastudentisaccesstoalibrary，anddirectionsinwhatorderthebooksaretoberead。ThisIwilltakethelibertyofsuggestingtoyou，observingpreviouslythatasotherbranchesofscience，andespeciallyhistory，arenecessarytoformalawyer，thesemustbecarriedontogether。Iwillarrangethebookstobereadintothreecolumns，andproposethatyoushouldreadthoseinthefirstcolumntill12。oclockeveryday：thoseinthe2d。from12。to2。thoseinthe3d。aftercandlelight，leavingalltheafternoonforexerciseandrecreation，whichareasnecessaryasreading：Iwillrathersaymorenecessary，becausehealthisworthmorethanlearning。

　　1st。

　　CokeonLittletonCoke’s2d。3d。&4th。

　　institutes。

　　Coke’sreports。

　　Vaughan’sdoSalkeld’sLd。Raymond’sStrange’s。

　　Burrows’sKaim’sPrinciplesofequity。

　　Vernon’sreports。

　　PeereWilliams。

　　PrecedentsinChancery。

　　TracyAtheyns。

　　Verey。

　　Hawkin’sPleasofthecrown。

　　Blackstone。

　　Virginialaws。

　　2d。

　　Dalrymple’sfeudalsystem。

　　Hale’shistoryoftheCom。law。

　　GilbertonDevisesUses。

　　Tenures。

　　Rents。

　　Distresses。

　　Ejectments。

　　Executions。

　　Evidence。

　　Sayer’slawofcosts。

　　Lambard’scirconantia。

　　Bacon。vocePleas&Pleadings。

　　Cunningham’slawofbills。

　　Molloydejuremaritimo。

　　Lockeongovernment。

　　Montesquieu’sSpiritoflaw。

　　Smith’swealthofnations。

　　Beccaria。

　　Kaim’smoralessays。

　　Vattel’slawofnations。

　　3d。

　　Mallet’sNorthantiquit’。

　　HistoryofEnglandin3。volsfoliocompiledbyKennet。

　　Ludlow’smemoirsBurnet’shistory。

　　Ld。Orrery’shistory。

　　Burke’sGeorgeIII。

　　Robertson’shist。ofScotl’dRobertson’shist。ofAmerica。

　　OtherAmericanhistories。

　　Voltaire’shistoricalworks。

　　ShouldtherebeanylittleintervalsinthedaynototherwiseoccupiedfillthemupbyreadingLowthe’sgrammar，Blair’slecturesonrhetoric，Masononpoetic&prosaicnumbers，Bolingbroke’sworksforthesakeofthestile，whichisdeclamatory&elegant，theEnglishpoetsforthesakeofthestylealso。

　　AsmrPeterCarrinGoochlandisengagedinacourseoflawreading，andhasmybooksforthatpurpose，itwillbenecessaryforyoutogotomrsCarr’s，andtoreceivesuchasheshallbethendonewith，andsettlewithhimaplanofreceivingfromhimregularthebeforementionedbooksasfastasheshallgetthroughthem。ThelossesIhavesustainedbylendingmybookswillbemyapologytoyouforaskingyourparticularattentiontothereplacingtheminthepressesasfastasyoufinishthem，andnottolendthemtoanybodyelse，norsufferanybodytohaveabookoutoftheStudyundercoverofyourname。Youwillfind，whenyougetthere，thatIhavehadreasontoaskthisexactness。

　　Iwouldhaveyoudeterminebeforehandtomakeyourselfathoroughlawyer，&notbecontentedwithameresmattering。Itissuperiorityofknowledgewhichcanaloneliftyouabovetheheadsofyourcompetitors，andensureyousuccess。Ithinkthereforeyoumustcalculateondevotingbetweentwo&threeyearstothiscourseofreading，beforeyouthinkofcommencingpractice。Wheneverthatbegins，thereisanendofreading。

　　Ishallbegladtohearfromyoufromtimetotime，andshallhopetoseeyouinthefallinAlbemarle，towhichplaceIproposeavisitinthatseason。InthemeantimewishingyoualltheindustryofpatientperseverancewhichthiscourseofreadingwillrequireI

　　amwithgreatesteemDearSirYourmostobedientfriend&servant。

　　WHIPPOORWILLSANDSTRAWBERRIES

　　_ToMaryJefferson_

　　_NewYork，June13，1790_

　　MYDEARMARIA——IhaverecievedyourletterofMay23。whichwasinanswertomineofMay2。butIwroteyoualsoonthe23d。ofMay，sothatyoustillowemeananswertothat，whichIhopeisnowontheroad。Inmattersofcorrespondenceaswellasofmoneyyoumustneverbeindebt。Iammuchpleasedwiththeaccountyougivemeofyouroccupations，andthemakingthepuddingisasgoodanarticleofthemasany。WhenIcometoVirginiaIshallinsistoneatingapuddingofyourownmaking，aswellasontryingotherspecimensofyourskill。Youmustmakethemostofyourtimewhileyouarewithsogoodanauntwhocanlearnyoueverything。Wehadnotpeasnorstrawberriesheretillthe8th。dayofthismonth。OnthesamedayIheardthefirstWhip-poor-willwhistle。Swallowsandmartinsappearedhereonthe21st。ofApril。Whendidtheyappearwithyou?Andwhenhadyoupeas，strawberries，andwhip-poor-willsinVirginia?Takenoticehereafterwhetherthewhip-poor-willsalwayscomewiththestrawberriesandpeas。SendmeacopyofthemaximsIgaveyou，alsoalistofthebooksIpromisedyou。Ihavehadalongtouchofmyperiodicalheadach，butaverymoderateone。

　　Ithasnotquiteleftmeyet。Adieu，mydear，loveyouruncle，auntandcousins，andmemorethanall。Your’saffectionately，RICEFROMTIMORANDAFRICA

　　_ToSamuelVaughan，Jr。_

　　_Philadelphia，Nov。27，1790_

　　DEARSIR——IfeelmyselfmuchindebtedtoMr。Vaughanyourfatherfortheopportunityhehasfurnishedmeofadirectcorrespondencewithyou，andalsotoyourselffortheseedsoftheMountainriceyouhavebeensogoodastosendme。IhadbeforereceivedfromyourbrotherinLondonsomeofthesameparcelbroughtbyCapt。Bligh；butitwassolateinthespringofthepresentyearthatthotheplantscameupandgrewluxuriantly，theydidnotproduceseed。YourpresentwillenablemetoenlargetheexperimentIproposeforthenextyear，andforwhichIhadstillreservedafewseedsoftheformerparcel。AbouttwomonthsagoIwasfortunateenoughtorecieveacaskofmountainricefromthecoastofAfrica。