RussianmainArmycleangone；alreadygottoJauer，aswehear；andBeckwithaDivisiontoseethemsafeacrosstheOder；——onlyCzernichefand20，000beingleft，asaCorpsofLoudon’s。Who，withallAustrians，arequietintheirHeightsofKunzendorfagain。
Andthus，onthetwentiethmorning，September10th，thisstrangeBusinessterminated。Shotofthosebatteriesisdrawnagain；
powderofthoseminesliftedoutagain:nofiringofyourheavyArtilleryatall，norevenofyourlight，aftersuchelaboratechargingandshovingofithitherandthitherforthelastthreeweeks。ThePrussiansceasetheirbivouacking，nightlystrikingoftents；andencamphenceforthinamerelyhumanmanner；their\"SpanishRiders\"（FRISIANHorse，CHEVAUX—DE—FRISE，othersofuscallthem），theirStorm—palesandelaboratewoodenEngineerings，theygraduallyburnasfuelinthecoldnights；findingLoudonabsolutelyquiescent，andthatthethingisover，forthepresent。
Onehugeperilhandsomelystavedaway，thoughsomanyothersimpend。
BywayofacceleratingButturlin，Friedrich，nextday，September11th，despatchedGeneralPlatenwithsome8，000（soIwillguessthemfromTempelhof’senumerationbybattalions），togetroundtheflankofButturlin，andburnhisMagazines。Platen，avaliantskilfulperson，didthisbusiness，ashewasapttodo，inashiningstyle；shotdexterouslyforwardbytheskirtsofButturlin；
heardofabigWAGENBURGorTravellingMagazineofhis，atGostynoverthePolishFrontier；infact，histravellingbread—basket，arrangedas\"Wagon—fortress\"inandroundsomeConventthere，withtrenches，brickwalls，cannonanddefenceconsideredstrongenoughforsoimportantanecessaryoftheroad。September15th，Platen，beforecock—crow，burstoutsuddenlyonthisWagon—fortress，withitscannons，trenches，brickwallsanddefensiveRussians；
stormedintoitwithextraordinaryfury:\"Fixedbayonets，\"orderedheatthemainpointoftheirdefence，\"notashottilltheyaretumbledout！\"——tumbledthemoutaccordingly，intoflightandruin；
tookofprisoners1，845，sevencannon，andburntthe5，000
provenderwagons，whichwasthesouloftheadventure；anddirectlygotupontheroadagain。[Tempelhof，v。281—293；
Helden—Geschichte，vi。643—649。]DetachmentsofhimthenfellonPosen，onPosenandothersmallRussianrepositoriesinthoseparts，——hay—magazines，biscuit—storessoldiers’uniforms；
distributedorburntthesame；——completelydestroyingthetravellinghaversackorgeneralroad—bagofButturlin；aButturlinthatwillhavetohastenforwardorstarve。
Whichdone，Platen（notwaitingtheKing’sneworders，butanticipatingthem，totheKing’sgreatcontentment）marchedinstantly，withhisbestspeedandskilfulestcontrivanceofroutesandmethods，notbacktotheKing，butonwardtowardsColberg，——
（whichheknows，asreadersshallanon，tobemuchinneedofhimatpresent）；——andwithoutinjury，thoughbegirtallthewaybyahurricaneofCossacksandlightpeopledoingtheirutmostuponhim，arrivedthereSeptember25th；victoriouslycuttinginacrosstheBesiegingParty:andwillagainbevisibleenoughwhenwearrivethere。IndignantButturlinchasedviolently，eagertopunishPlaten；butcouldgetnohold:foundPlatenwasclearoff，toPommern，——onwhaterrandButturlinknewwell，ifnotsowellwhattodoinconsequence。\"ReinforceourpoorBesiegersthere，andagainreinforce[toenormousamounts，40，000ofthemintheend]；——
getbreadfromthemwithal:——and，beforelong，flowbodilythitherward，forbreadtoourselvesandfortheirpoorsake！\"
That，onthewhole，waswhatButturlindid。
FriedrichstayedatBunzelwitzaboveafortnightafterButturlin。
\"WhydidnotFriedrichstayaltogether，andwaithere？\"saidsome，triumphantlysoonafter。Thatwasnotwellpossible。
HisSchweidnitzMagazineiswornlow；notaboveamonth’sprovisionnowleftforsomanyofus。Therateofsickness，too，getsheavierandheavierinthisBunzelwitzCircuit。Infine，itisgreatlydesirablethatLoudon，whohasnothingbutBohemiaforoutlook，shouldbegottostartthitherassoonaspossible，andbequickenedhomeward。September25th—26th，Friedrichwillbeunderwayagain。
And，inthemeanwhile，maynotweemploythisfortnightofquiescenceinnotingcertainotherthingsofinteresttohimanduswhichhaveoccurred，orareoccurring，inotherpartsoftheFieldofWar？OfHenriinSaxonyweundertooktosaynothing；andindeedhitherto，——bigDaunwithhisLacysandReichsfolk，lyingsoquiescent，tetheredbyconsiderations（Dauncontinuallydetaching，watching，forsupportofhisLoudonandRussiansandtheirthrice—
importantoperation，whichhasjusthadsuchafinish），——therecouldalmostnothingbesaid。Nothinghitherto，orevenhenceforth，asitproves，exceptmutualvigilances，multifariousbickerings，manoeuvrings，affairsofposts:sharpbitsofcutting（Seidlitz，GreenKleistandothersharppeoplethere）；whichmustnotdetainusinsuchspeed。Buttherearetwopoints，theBritannic—FrenchCampaign，andtheThirdSiegeofColberg；whichinnorateofspeedcouldbequiteomitted。
OFFERDINAND’SBATTLEOFVELLINGHAUSEN（15th—16thJuly）；
ANDTHECAMPAIGN1761。
VellinghausenisapoorlittlemooryHamletinPaderbornCountry，nearthesouthorleftbankoftheLippeRiver；liestothenorthofSoest，——some15milestoyourleft—handthere，asyougobyrailfromAachentoPaderborn；——butnobodynowhaseverheardofitatSoestorelsewhere，famousasitoncebecameahundredyearsago。
Ferdinandhadtakenasingularpositionthere，intheearlydaysofJuly，1761。HereisbriefNoticeofthatAffair，andofsomeresults，oradjuncts，stillmoreimportant，whichithad:——
\"ThisYear，Ferdinand’sCampaignismoredifficultthanever；
ChoiseulhavingmadeaquitespasmodicefforttowardsHanover，whilenegotiatingforPeace。TwoArmies，countingtogether160，000
men，ingreatcompletenessofequipment，Choiseulhasgotonfoot，againstFerdinand’sof95，000。Hadafinedashingplan，too；——
devisedbyhimself（somethingofaSoldierhetoo，andfullofwhatthemess—roomscall’dash’）；——notsobadaPlanofthedashingkind，sayjudges。Butitwasmarredsadlyinonepoint:
ThatBroglio，onissuingfromhisHessianWinter—quarters，isnottobesoleGeneral；thatSoubise，fromtheLower—RhineCountry，istobeCo—General；——suchtheinexorablewillofPompadour。
ThisclauseofthebusinessFerdinand，atanearlystage，appearstohaveguessedordiscernedmight，forhim，bethesavingclause。
\"Now，asformerly，Ferdinand’sfirstgrandbusinessistoguardLippstadt，——guarditnowfromthesetwoGenerals:——and，singulartosee，insteadofopposingthejunctionofthem，hehassubmittedcheerfullytoletthemjoin。Andinthecourseofaweekortwoaftertakingthefield，isfoundtobeonthewesternoroutmostflankofSoubise，crushinghimuptowardsBroglio，nototherwise！
Andhas，partlybyaccident，takenapositionatVellinghausenwhichinfinitelypuzzlesBroglioandSoubise，whentheyrushintojunctionatSoest（July6th））andstudythething，withtheirowneyes，foreightwholedays，inconcert。’Whatcontinualreconnoitring，gallopingaboutofhigh—plumedgentlementogetherorapart；whatMEMOIR—ing，mutualconsulting，beatingofbrains，tolittlepurpose，duringthoseeightdays！——
\"Ferdinandstandsinmoorydifficultground，lengthofhimabouteightmiles，lookingeastward；withhisleftatVellinghausenandtheLippe；centreofhimisastrideoftheAhse（centrepartly，andrightwingwholly，areonthesouthsideofAhse），whichisabranchofLippe；andinfront，hehasvariouslittleHamlets，Kirch—Denkern[KIRCH—Denkern，fortherearethreeorfourotherDenkernsthereabouts]，Scheidingen，Wambelnandothers；andhisrightwingiscoveredfartherbyaquaggybrook，whichrunsintotheabove—saidAhse，andisaSUB—branchofLippe。AtmostoftheseVillagesFerdinandhasthrownupsomethingofearthworks:therearebogs，roughplaces，woods；allareturnedtoadvantage。
Ferdinandisinastrongish，butyetadangerousposition；andwillgivedifficulties，anddoesgiveendlessdubieties，tothesehigh—
plumedgentlemengallopingaboutwiththeirspy—glassesforeightdays。Onepossibilitytheyprettysoondiscerninhim:HisleftflankrestsonLippe，yes；buthisrightflankisintheair，hasnothingtoreston；——heresurelyissomepossibilityforus？
AstrongPosition，thatofhis；butifdrivenoutofitbyanymethod，hehasnoretreat；istumbledbackintotheANGLEwhereAhseandLippemeet，andintothelittleTownofHammthere，wherehisMagazineis。Whatafateforhim，ifwesucceed！——
\"Ferdinand，bytheincessantreconnoitringandothersymptoms，judgeswhatiscoming；concludeshewillbeattackedinthispostureofhis；andonthewhole，whatcriticsnowreckonverywiseandverycourageousofhim，determinestostandhischanceinit。
TheconsultationsofBroglioandSoubiseareathinguniquetolookupon；spreadovervolumesofOfficialRecord，andaboutavolumeandahalfevenofBOURCET，whereitisstillalmostamusingtoread；[MemoiresHistoriques（thatistosay，formostpart，SelectionofOfficialPapers）surlaGuerrequelesFrancaisontsoutenueenAllemagnedepuis1757jusqu’au1762:parM。deBourcet，Lieutenant—GeneraldesArmeesduRoi（3tomes，Paris，1792）；——worthilydone；butoccupied，two—thirdsofit，withthisVellinghausenandthepaltry\"Campaignof1761\"！]andendinginhelplessdownbreakonbothparts。
Ofstrategicfacultynobodysupposestheyhadmuch，andnearlyallofitisinBroglio；SoubisebeingstronginCourt—favoronly。
Exquisitelypolitetheybothstrivetobe；andundertheexquisitepoliteness，whatinfirmitiesoftemper，spleneticsuspicions，andinfactmutualhatredlayhidden，couldneverbeaccuratelyknown。
’Attackhim，Sundaynext；onthe13th！’so，atthelonglast，bothofthemhadsaid。Andthen，onmorereflection，Broglioafterwards:
’Ornottillthe15th，M。lePrince；tillIreconnoitreyetagain，anddriveinhisoutposts？’’M。leMarechal’swillisalwaysmine:
Tuesday，15th，reconnoitrehim，drivehimin；beitso，then！’
answersSoubise，withextremepoliteness，——butthinkinginhisownmind（orthoughttobethinking），’Wantstodoithimself，ortogetthecreditofdoingit，asinformercases；andbringmeintodisgrace！’Notquiteaninsanenotioneither，onSoubise’spart，saysomewhohavelookedintotheBroglio—SoubiseControversy；——
whichfarbeitfromanyofus，atthisoratanytime，todo。
Herearethefactsthatensued。
\"TUESDAY，JULY15th，1761，Broglioreconnoitredwithintensityallday，droveinallFerdinand’soutposts；andaboutsixintheevening，seeinghopeofsurprise，orspurredbysomenotionofdoingthefeatbyhimself，suddenlyburstintoonslaughtonFerdinand’sPosition:’Vellinghausenyonder，andthewoodystrengthsabout，——couldnotwegetholdofthat；itwouldbesoconvenientto—morrowmorning！’GranbyandtheEnglishareincampaboutVellinghausen；andaretakenquiteonthesudden:buttheydrewoutrapidly，inastateofbottledindignation，andfought，allofthem，——Pembroke’sBrigadeofHorse，Cavendish’sofFoot，BERG—SCHOTTEN，Maxwell’sBrigadeandtheothers，inahighlysatisfactoryway，——’MITUNBESCHREIBLICHERTAPFERKEIT，’saysMauvillononthisoccasionagain。Brogliotrulyhasburstoutintoenormouscannonade，musketadeandcavalry—work，inthispart；
andstrugglesatit，almostfourhours，——afurious，andespeciallyaverynoisybusiness，charging，rechargingthroughthewoodsthere；——but，metinthismanner，findshecanmakenothingofit；
andabout10atnight，leavesofftillanewmorning。
\"Nextmorning，about4，Broglio，havingdiligentlywarnedSoubiseovernight，recommenced；againveryfiercely，andwithloudcannonading；butwithresultworsethanbefore。
Ferdinandovernight，whileBrogliowaswarningSoubise，hadconsiderablystrengthenedhisleftwinghere，——bydetachmentsfromtherightorAnti—Soubisewing；judging，withgoodforesight，howSoubisewouldact。Andaccordingly，whilepoorBrogliokeptstormingforwardwithhisbestability，andgotalwayshurledbackagain，Soubisetookmatterseasy；’hadunderstoodthehourofattacktobe’so—and—so，’hadunderstood’thisandthat；andonthewhole，exceptsummoningorthreatening，inthemostlanguidway，oneoutlyingredoubt（’redoubtofScheidingen’）onFerdinand’srightwing，didnothing，ornexttonothing，forbehoofofhisBroglio。Who，hourafterhour，findshimselfeverworsebested；——
thoseGranbypeopleproving’indescribable’oncemore[theirWutgenaualsowithhisHanoveriansNOTbeingabsent，astheyratherwerelastnight]；——andabout10inthemorninggivesupthebadjob；andsetsaboutretiring。Ifretiringbenowpermissible；
whichitisnotaltogether。Ferdinand，watchingintentlythroughhisglassthenowsilentBroglio，discerns’SomeconfusionintheMarechalyonder！’——andordersageneralchargeoftheleftwinguponBroglio；whichconsiderablyquickenedhisretreat；andbrokeitintoflight，anddistressfulwreckandcapture，insomeparts，——
RegimentROUGE，foroneitem，fallingwholly，men，cannon，flagsandfurniture，tothatMaxwellandhisBrigade。
\"Ferdinandlost，bytheindistinctaccounts，’from1，500to2，000:’
Broglio’slosswas’above5，000；2，000ofthemprisoners。’
Soubise，forhisshare，’hadofkilled24，’——OyoulaggardofaSoubise！[Mauvillon，ii。171—189；Tempelhof，v。207—221；
Bourcet，ii。75etseq。InHelden—Geschichte
（vi。770—782—792）theFrenchAccount，andtheEnglish（orAllied），withLISTS，andthelike。SlightLETTERfromSirRobertMurrayKeithtohisExcellencyPapa，nowatPetersburg，\"Excellencyfirst，\"asweusedtodefinehim，standsinthemiserablyeditedMemoirsandCorrespondence（London，1849），i。104—105；andmaytemptyoutoareading；butaltersnothing，addslittleornothing。SirR。fightshereasaColonelofHighlanders，butafterwardsbecame\"Excellencysecond\"ofhisname。]AnditisaBattlelosttoChoiseul’sgrandPairofArmies；
aCampaigncheckedinmidvolley；andnothingbutrecriminations，courts—martial，shriekyjargonings，——andplainincompatibilitybetweenthetwoMarechauxdeFrance；sothattheyhadtopartcompany，andgoeachhisownroadhenceforth。Choiseulremonstrateswiththem，urges，eucourages；writesthe’admirablestDespatches；’
tonopurpose。’Howridiculousandhumiliatingwoulditbeforus，if，withTwoArmiesofsuchstrength，weaccomplishednothing，andthewholeCampaignwerelost！’writesheoncetothem。
\"Whichwasinfacttheresultarrivedat；thetwoGeneralspartingcompanyforthisCampaign（andindeedforallothers）；andeach，inhisownway，provingfutile。Soubise，withsome30，000，wentgasconadingabout，intheWestphalian，orextremewesternparts；
takingEmbden（fromtwoCompaniesofChelseaPensioners；towhomhebrokehisword，pooroldsouls；——towhom，andmuchmoretothePopulationsthere[LETTERFROMAFRENCHPROTESTANTGENTLEMANAT
GRONINGEN；followedbyconfirmatoryLETTERFROM&c。&c。（copiedintoGentleman’sMagazinefor1761），givespecialdetailsofthealtogetherULTRA—SoltikofatrocitiesperpetratedbySoubise’speople（doubtlessagainsthiswill）ontherecalcitrantordisaffectedPeasants，onthe&c。&c。]），——takingEmbden，nottakingBremen；andinfactdoingnothing，exceptkeeptheGazetteersinvainnoise:aSoubisenotinforce，byhimself，toshakeFerdinand；andwho，itisremarked，nowandformerly，alwayspreferstobeatagooddistancefromthatGentleman。
Broglio，ontheotherhand，keepsviolentlypulsingout，roundFerdinand’sflanks；takingWolfenbuttel（Broglio’sfortwodays），besiegingBrunswick（foroneday）；—and，inshort，leaving，hetoo，thematterashehadfoundit。Amanofdifficult，litigioustemper，Ishouldjudge；butclearlyhassomethingofgeneralship:
’doesunderstandtactic，ifstrategyNOT，’saideverybody；
’whileSoubise，inbothcapacities，isplainzero！’[ExcellencyStanley（seeINFRA）toPitt，\"Paris，30thJuly，1761:\"inTHACKERAY，ii。561—562。]Theend，however，was:nextWinter，Brogliogotdismissed，infavorofSoubise；——restfromshriekyjargonhavingitsvaluetosomeofus；and’holdofHanover’beingnowplainlyamatterhopelesstoFranceandus。\"
InthisBattleafineyoungPrinceofBrunswickgotkilled；
Erbprinz’ssecondBrother；——leadingonaRegimentofBERG—SCHOTTEN，saytheaccounts。[\"TheLifeofPrinceAlbertHenry[hadlivedonly19years，pooryouth，notmuchofa\"Life\"！—buttheaccountofhisEducationisworthreading，fromarespectableEye—witness]ofBrunswick—Luneburg，BrothertotheHereditaryPrince；whosoeminently&c。atFellinghausen&c。&c。（London，Printedfor&c。1763）。WrittenoriginallyinGermanbytheRev。Mr。Hierusalem\"
（Fatherofthe\"YoungJerusalem\"whokilledhimselfafterwards，andbecame，inasense，Goethe’sWERTHERandSORROWS）。Price，probably，Twopence）。]Berg—Schotten，andEnglishgenerally，Pembroke’sHorse，Cavendish’sBrigade，——wehavementionedtheirbehavior；andhowMaxwell’sBrigadetookonewholeregimentprisoners，inthatfinalchargeonBroglio。\"Whataglorioussetoffellows！\"saidtheEnglishpeopleovertheirbeerathome。Beerletusfancyit；
atthesignofTHEMARQUISOFGRANBY，whichisnoweverywhereprevalentandsplendent；——thebeer，wewillhope，good。Andasthisisathingstillsaid，bothoverbeerandhigherliquors，andperhapsisliabletobetoomuchinsistedon，Iwillgive，fromacaudidBy—stander，whoknowsthematterwell，whatprobablyisamoresolidandcircumstantiallycorrectopinion。SpeakingofFerdinand’sskillofmanagement，andofhowverycompositeakindhisArmywas，MajorMauvillonhasthesewords:——
\"Thefirstinrank，\"ofFerdinand’sForce，\"weretheEnglish；
aboutafourthpartofthewholeArmy。Bravertroops，whenonthefieldofbattleandunderarmsagainsttheenemy，youwillnowherefindintheworld:thatisatruth；——andwiththatthesumoftheirmilitarymeritsends。Inthefirstplace，theirInfantryconsistsofsuchanunselectedhand—over—headmiscellanyofpeople，thatitishighlydifficulttopreserveamongthemevenashadowofgooddiscipline，\"——ofMANNSZUCHT，inregardtoplunder，drinkingandthelike；doesnotmeanKRIEGSZUCHT，ordrill。\"TheirCavalryindeedisnotsoconstituted；butafoolishlovefortheirhorsesmakesthemastonishinglyplunderousofforage；andthustheyexhaustadistrictfarfasterinthatrespectthandotheGermans。
\"Officers’Commissionsamongthemareallhadbypurchase:
fromwhichitfollowsthattheirOfficersdonottroubletheirheadsabouttheservice；andunderstandofit，veryVERYfewexcepted，absolutelynothingwhatever[whatacharmingsetof\"Officers\"！]——andthisgoesfromtheEnsignuptotheGeneral。
Theirhome—customsinclinethemtotheindulgencesoflife；
and，nearlywithoutexception，theyallexpecttohaveampleandcomfortablemeansofsleep。[Hear，hear！]Thisleadsthemoftenintomilitarynegligences，whichwouldsoundincredible，weretheynarratedtoasoldier。Toallthisisaddedaquietnaturalarrogance（UEBERMUTH），\"——veryquiet，mostlyunconscious，andasifinbornandcomingbydiscernmentofmerefacts，——\"whichtemptsthemtodespisetheenemyaswellasthedanger；andastheyveryseldomthinkofmakinganysurprisalthemselves，theygenerallytakeitforgrantedthattheenemywillaslittle。
\"Thisarrogance，however，hadfurthermoreaverybadconsequencefortheirrelationtotherestoftheArmy。ItiswellknownhowmuchthesepeopledespiseallForeigners。Thisofitselfrenderstheirco—operatingwithTroopsofotherNationsverydifficult。
Butinthiscasetherewasthecircumstancethat，astheArmywasinEnglishpay，theyfeltastrongtendencytoregardtheirfellow—
soldiersandcopartnersasasortofsubordinatewar—valets，whomustbereadytoputupwithanything:——whichwasfarindeedfrombeingtheopinionoftheothersconcerned！Theothershadnotthesmallestnotionofconsentingtoanykindofinferiortreatmentorconsiderationinrespectofthem。TotheHanoveriansespecially，fromknownpoliticalfeelings，theywereatheart，formostpart，speciallyindisposed；andthismodeofthinkingwascapableofleadingtoverydangerousoutbreaks。TheHanoverians，adullsteadypeople，braveasneedbe，buttooslowforanythingbutfootservice，consideredsilentlythisWartobetheirWar，andthatalltherest，Englishaswell，werehereontheir[andBritannicMajesty’s]account。
\"ThinkwhatdifficultiesFerdinand’swere，andwhathismeritinquietlysubduingthem；whiletothecursoryobservertheywereinvisible，andnobodynoticedthembuthimself！\"[Mauvillon，ii。
270—272。]
Yes，doubtless。Heneededtoknowhiskindsofmen；toregardintenselythechemicaffinitiesandnaturalproperties，tokeephisphosphorescentshisnitresandcharcoalswellapart；togetoutoftheseEnglishwhattheywerecapableofgivinghim，namely，heavystrokes，——andneveraskthemforwhattheyhadnot:themortheothers；buttreateachaccordingtohiskind。Just，candid，consummatelypolite:anexcellentmanagerofmen，aswellasofwar—movements，thoughVoltairefoundhimshockinglydefectiveinESPRIT。TheEnglish，Ithink，hegenerallyquarteredbythemselves；
employedthemoftenestundertheHereditaryPrince，——amanofswiftexecutionandpronetostrokeslikethemselves。\"OftenestundertheErbprinz，\"saysMauvillon:\"till，aftertheFightofKlosterKampen，itbegantobenoticedthattherewasachangeinthatrespect；andthemess—roomswhispered，’Byaccidentornot？’\"——
whichshallremainmysterioustome。InBattleafterBattlehegotthemostunexceptionablesabringandchargingfromLordGranbyandthedifficultEnglishelement；andneverwastheleastdiscordheardinhisCamp；——norcouldevenSackvilleatMindentempthimintoaloudword。
ButenoughofEnglishsoldiering，andbattlingwiththeFrench。
ForabouttwomonthspriortothisofVellinghausen，andformorethantwomonthsafter，thereisgoingon，byspecialEnvoysbetweenPittandChoiseul，alivelyPeace—Negotiation，whichisofmoreconcernmenttousthananyBattle。\"CongressatAugsburg\"splituponformalities，preliminaries，andnevereventriedtomeet:
butFranceandEnglandareactuallybusy。EachCountryhassentitsEnvoy:theSieurdeBussy，atrickygentleman，knownhereofold，isChoiseul’s，whomPittisonhisguardagainst；\"Mr。HansStanley，\"alively，clear—sightedperson，ofwhomIcouldneverhearelsewhere，isPitt’satParis:anditisinthatCitybetweenChoiseulandStanley，withPittwarilyandloftilypresidinginthedistance，thatthemainstressoftheNegotiationlies。Pittislofty，haughty，butveryfineandnoble；noKingorKaisercouldbemore。Sincere，severe，thoughmostsoft—shining；high，earnest，steady，likethestars。ArtfulChoiseul，again，flashesoutinacheerilyexuberantway；andStanley’sDespatchesaboutChoiseul（\"CEFOUPLEIND’ESPRIT，\"asFriedrichoncechristenshim），aboutChoiseulandtheFrancethenroundhim，andtheeffectsofVellinghauseninsocietyandthelike，——aretheliveliestreadingonealmostanywheremeetswithinthatkind。[InTHACKERAY，i。
505—579，andespeciallyii。520—626，istheStanley—and—PittCorrespondence:Stanleywent\"23dMay；\"returned（gothispassportsforreturning）\"September20th。\"]Choiseulfranklyadmitsthathehascometotheworst:readyforconcessions，butthequestionis，What？Canadaisgone，forinstance；ofCanadayouwillallowusnothing:butourpoorFisher—people，toilingintheNewfoundlandwaters，cannottheyhavearocktodrytheirfishon；\"IsleofMiquelon，orthelike？\"\"Notthebreadthofablanket，\"——thatisPitt’sprivateexpression，Ibelieve；andforcertain，that，inpoliteofficiallanguage，ishisinexorabledetermination。
\"YoushallgohomeoutofthoseCountries，Messieurs；AmericaistobeEnglishorYANkee，notFRANGcee:thathasturnedouttobetheDecreeofHeaven；andwewillstandbythat。\"
SothatChoiseulsoonsatisfieshimselfitwillbeahardbargain，thiswithPitt；andturnsthemoreassiduouslytotheMajestyofSpain（BabyCarlos，ouroldfriend，whohassoregrudgesofhisownagainsttheEnglish，standinggrievanceofCampeachyLogwood，ofbitterNaplesreminiscences，andenoughelse），turnstoBabyCarlos，timeaftertime，withhispathetic\"See，yourMostCatholicMajesty！\"AndbyrapiddegreesinducesMostCatholicMajestytogowhollyintotheadventurewithMostChristianDitto；——andtosay，atlength，ortoletChoiseulsayforhim，bywayofcautiousfirst—step（15thJuly，adateworthremembering，ifthereaderplease）:\"MightnotMostCatholicMajestybeallowedperhapstomediatealittleinthisBusiness？\"\"MostCatholicMajesty！\"
answersPitt，withaflashasiffromtheempyrean:\"WhosentforMostCatholicMajesty？\"——andthemattercatchesfire，totallyexplodes，andSpaintoodeclaresWar；inwhatwayisgenerallyknown。
Detailsarenotpermittedus。TheCatastropheweshallgiveafterwards，andcanheresayonly:FIRST，ThatoldEarlMarischal，Friedrich’sSpanishEnvoy，isagooddealinEngland，comingandgoing，atthistime，——onthatinterestingbusinessoftheKintoreInheritance，doubtless，——andhasbeenbeautifullytreated。
Beenpardoned，disattainted，permittedtoinherit，——bytheKingontheinstant，bytheParliamentsosoonaspossible；[King’sPatentisof\"30thApril，1760[DATED29thMay，1759]，ActofParliamenttofollowshortly；\"\"August16th，1760，Acthavingpassed，isMarischal’spublicPresentationtohisMajesty（lateMajesty）；\"
OldGAZETTESinGentleman’sMagazine（for1760），xxx。201，392。]——andisofanaturallygratefulturn。
SECONDLY，Thatintheprofoundestsecrecy，penetrableonlytoeyesnearathandandthatseeinthedark，acelebratedBourbonFamilyCompactwassigned（August15th，1761，tendaysbeforethediggingatBunzelwitzbegan），ofwhichthefirstnewstotheOlympianman（conveyedbyMarischal，asisthought）waslike——likenewsofdeadPythonspretendingtoreviveuponhim。AndTHIRDLY，That，postponingtheCatastrophe，andrecommendingtheabovetwodates，15thJULY，15thAUGUST，tocarefulreaders，wemusthastentoColbergforthepresent。
THIRDSIEGEOFCOLBERG。
Readershad，somewhileago，aflyingNote，whichwepromisedtotakeupagain；aboutTottleben’sprocedures，andaThirdSiegeofColbergcoming。Siege，wehavechancedtosee，thereaccordinglyis，andaPlatengonetohelpagainstit。Siege，afterinfinitedelaysandhaggles，hasatlengthcome，——uncommonlyvividduringthefinaldaysofBunzelwitz；——andis，andhasbeen，andcontinuestobe，muchintheKing’sthoughts。Probablyamatterofmoreconcernmenttohim，before，duringandafterBunzelwitz（thoughthePittCatastrophe，goingonsimultaneously，isstillmoreimportant，ifheknewit），thananythingelsebefallinginthedistance。
Letusnowgiveafewfartherindicationsonthatmatter。
TrucebetweenWernerandTottlebenexpiredMay12th；butforfiveweeksmorenothingpracticalfollowed；exceptdiligentreinforcing，revictuallingandextraordinaryfortifyingofColberganditsenvirons，onthePrussianpart，——EugenofWurtemberg，directfromRestockandhisAnti—Swedebusiness，Eugen12，000strong，withaWernerandothersuchamongthem，takingheadchargeoutsidethewalls；oldHeydeagainasCommandantwithin:whileontheRussianpart，underGeneralRomanzow，thereisamosttortoise—likeadvance，——exceptthatthetortoisecarriesallhisresourceswithhim，andRomanzow’s，multifariousandenormous，arescatteredoverseasandlands，andneedendlesswaitingfor，intheintervalsofcrawling。
ThisistheRomanzowwhofailedatColhergoncealready（ontheheelofZorndorfin1758，ifreadersrecollect）；andisthemoreboundtobesuccessfulnow。Fromseaandfromland，forfiveweeks，thereisrumorofaRomanzowinoverwhelmingforce，andwithintentionsveryfuriousuponColberg，——upontheoutposts，underWerner，asfirstpoint。Fiveweekswent，beforeanythingofRomanzowwasvisibleeventoWerner（22dJune，atCoslin，fortymilestoeastward）；afterwhichhisadvance（suchwaitingfortheships，fortheartilleries，thethisandthethat）wasslowerthanever；andforabouteightweeksmore，hehagglesalongthroughCoslin，throughCorlin，Belgardagain，flowingslowlyforwarduponWerner’soutposts，likeasummerglacierwithitsrubbishes；
orlikeaslowlava—tide，——agreatdealofsmokeoneachsideofhim（owingtotheCossacks），asusual。Romanzow’sprogressisoftheslowest；anditisnottillAugust19ththathepracticallygetspossessionofCorlin，BelgardandthoseoutpostsonthePersanteRiver，andcomeswithinsightofColbergandhisproblem。
Bywhichtime，hefindsEugenofWurtembergencampedandintrenchedstillaheadofhim，stillnearerColberg，andlikelytogivehimwhattheycall\"DELATABLATURE，\"orextremelydifficultmusictoplay。
\"ItwasonAUGUST19th[veryeveofFriedrich’sgoingintoBunzelwitz]thatRomanzow，——Werner，forthesakeofthosepoorTownsheholds，generallyretiringwithoutbombardmentorutterconflagration，——hadgotholdofCorlinandoftheRiverPersante[with\"QuetzinandDegow，\"ifanybodyknewthem，ashismainpoststhere]:andwasactuallynowwithinsightofColberg，——only7or8
mileswestofhim，andarivermoreorlessinhisway:——when，singulartosee，EugenofWurtemberghasrootedhimselfintothegroundfartherinward，environingColbergwithafortifiedCampaswithasecondwall；anditwillbeadifficultproblemindeed！
\"ButSeaArmaments，Swedish—Russian，withendlesssiege—materialandred—hotballs，arefinallyathand；andthispitifulColbergmustbedone，wereitonlybyfallingflat，onit，andsmotheringitbyweightofnumbersandofred—hotiron。Thedaybeforeyesterday，August17th，aftersuchrumoringandsuchmanoeuvringastherehasbeen，sixRussianships—of—warshowedthemselvesinColbergRoads，andthreeofthemtriedsomeshootingonHeyde’sworkpeople，busyataredoubtonthebeach；buthitnothing，andwentawaytillRomanzowhimselfshouldcome。Romanzowcome，thereisutmostdespatch；andwithintheeightdaysfollowing，theRussianships，andthentheSwedishaswell，haveallgottotheirmoorings，——12sailoftheline，with42moreofthefrigateandgunboatkind，54shipsinall；——andfromAugust24th，especiallyfromAugust28th，bombardmenttotheveryuttermostisgoingon。
[Tempelhof，v。311。]Bombardmentbyeverymethod，fromseaandfromland，continuesdiligentforthenextfortnight，——withlittleornoresult；sodiligentareEugenandveteranHeyde。
\"SEPTEMBER4th。TheSwedish—RussiangunboatshavebeenmuchshotdownbyHeyde’sbatteriesonthebeach；nosuccesshad，owingtoHeydeandEugen:paltrylittleColbergasimpossibleasBunzelwitz，itseems？’Doubleourdiligence，therefore！’ThatisRomanzow’sandeverybody’ssentimenthere。Romanzowcomescloserin，September4th；besiegesinform，sincenotColberg，Eugen’sCAMP，orbrazenwallofColberg；andthererisesinandroundthispoorlittleColberg（a2，000ballsdaily，red—hotandother）suchavolcanoasattractstheeyesofalltheworldthither。
\"SEPTEMBER12th。Newsyesterdayofreinforcement，menandprovender，comingfromStettin；istobeatTreptowonthe13th。
Werner，nightofthe11th，stealthilysetsouttomeetit，ITinthefirstplace；then，joinedwithit，totakebyrearwardacertaininconvenientbattery，whichRomanzowisbuildingtowestwardofus，outthatway；todemolishsaidbattery，andbegenerallydistressfultotherearofRomanzow。AtTreptow，afterhisdifficultnight’smarch，Wernerisresting，securenowoftheadventure；——toocontemptuousofhisslowRussians，asappeared！
Who，foronce，surpriseHIM；and，atandroundTreptow，nextmorning，Wernerfindshimselfsuddenlyinamostawkwardpredicament。Werner，oneoftherapidestandstormiestofskilfulmen，plungedvaliantlyintotheaffair；wouldstillhavemanagedit，theysay，hadnot，insomesuddenswoop，——charge，orsomethingofcriticalorvitalnature，——rapidWerner’shorsegotshot，andfallenwithhim；wherebynotonlythechargefailed，butWernerhimselfwastakenprisoner。Alossofverygreatimportance，andgrievoustoeverybody:though，Ibelieve，thereinforcementandsupply，forthistime，gotmostlythrough，andthedangerousbatterywasgotdemolishedbyothermeans。[Seyfarth，
Beylagen，iii。238；Tempelhof，v。314。]ThisisRomanzow’sfirstitemofsuccess，thisofgettingsuchaWernersnatchedoutofthegame[andsenttoPetersburginsteadasweshallhear]；andotheritemsfelltoRomanzowthenceforthbytheaidoftimeandhunger。
\"Inthewayofstorming，batteringorotherwisecapturingEugen’sCamp，nottospeakofHeyde’stown，Romanzowfinds，ontrialaftertrial，thathecandoasgoodasnothing；andhisunwieldysea—
comrades（equinoctialgalescomingonthem，too）areequallyworthless。September19th[aweekafterthisofWerner，tenthdayafterBunzelwitzhadended]，Romanzowmadehisfiercestattemptthatway；fiercestandlast:furiousextremely，from2inthemorningonwards；hadforsometimeholdoftheimportant’GreenRedoubt；’butwasstillmorefuriouslybatteredandbayonetedoutagain，withthelossofabove3，000men；andtriedthatnofarther。
Impossiblebythatmethod。ButhecanstandbetweentheEugen—Heydepeopleandsupplies；andbyobstinacyhungerthemout:this，addedtothefruitlessbombardment，isnowhismoreorlessfruitfulindustry。
\"IntheendofSeptember，theeffectsofBunzelwitzarefelt:
Platen，afterburningtheButturlinMagazineatGostyn，hashastenedhither；inwhatstyleweknow。Blatenarrives25thSeptember；cutshiswaythroughRomanzowintoEugen’sCamp，raisesEugentoabout15，000；[Tempelhof，v。350。]rendersEugen，nottospeakofHeyde，moreimpossiblethanever。Butturlindidtrulysendreinforcements，a10，000，a12，000，’Asmanyasyoulike，myRomanzow！’And，inthebeginningofOctober，camerollingthitherwardbodily；hoping，theysay，tomakeaMaxenofituponthoseEugensandPlatens:butafterafortnight’ssurveyofthem，foundtherewasnottheleastfeasibility；——andthathehimselfmustgohome，onthescoreofhunger。Whichhedid，November2d；
leavingRomanzowreinforcedatdiscretion[40，000，butwithhimtooprovisionsarefallenlow]，andtheadvice，’Cutofftheirsupplies:timeandfamineareoursolechanceshere！’
Butturlin’snewRussians，endlessthousandsofthem，underFermorandothers，infestingtheroadsfromStettin，areagreatcomforttoRomanzow。NorcouldanyEugen——withhisPlatens，Thaddens，andutmostexpenditureofskillandofvalorandendurance，whicharestillmemorableinsoldier—annals，[TagebuchderUnternehmungendesPlatenschenCorpsvomSeptemberbisNovember1761（Seyfarth，Beylagen，iii。
32—76）。BerichtvonderUnternehmungendesThaddenschenCorpsvomJennerbiszumDecember1761（ibid。
77—147）。]——sufficetoconveyprovisionsthroughthatdisastrousWildernessofdistancesanddifficulties。
\"FromStettin，whichliessouthwest，throughTreptowGollnowandotherwildlittlePrussianTownsisabout100miles；fromLandsbergsouth，150:Friedrichhimselfiswell—nigh300milesaway；
inStettinaloneissuccor，couldweholdtheinterveningCountry。
ButitisoverrunwithRussians，moreandevermore。ACountryofswampsandmoors，winterdarknessstealingoverit，——illuminatedbysuchavolcanoaswesee:averygloomywastescene；andtraitsofstubbornhumanvalorandmilitaryvirtueplentifulinitwithutterhardshipasaconstantquantity；detailsnotpermissiblehereonlythemainfeaturesandepochs，iftheycouldbeindicated。
\"TheKingisgreatlyinterestedforColberg；sendsorderstocollectfromeveryquartersuppliesatStettin，andstraineverynerveforthereliefofthatimportantlittleHaven。WhichisdonebythediligentBevern，thecollectingpart；couldonlytheconveyingbeaccomplished。ButendlessRussiansareafield，Fermorwitha15，000ofthemwaylaying；theconveyanceisthedifficulty。\"
[BerichtvondenUnternehmungenderWurtembergischenCorpsinPommern，vomMay1761bisDecember1761（Seyfarth，Beylagen，iii。147—258）。Tempelhof，v。
313—326。Helden—Geschichte，vi。669—708。]
ButnowwemustreturntoBunzelwitz，andSeptember25th，inHead—
quartersthere。
ChapterVIII。
LOUDONPOUNCESUPONSCHWEIDNITZONENIGHT（LASTOFSEPTEMBER，1761）。
ItwasSeptember25th，moreproperly26th，[Tempelhof，v。327。]
whenFriedrichquittedBunzelwitz；weheardonwhaterrand。
Earlythatmorninghemarcheswithallhisgoods，firsttoPilzen（thatfinepostontheeastsideofSchweidnitz）；andfromthat，straightway，——southwestward，twomarchesfarther，——toNeisseneighborhood（Gross—Nossenthenameoftheplace）；Loudonmakinglittledisputeornone。InNeisseareabundantMagazines:
livinguponthese，FriedrichintendstoalarmLoudon’srearwardcountry，anddrawhimtowardsBohemia。Asmusthavegraduallyfollowed；andwouldatonce，——hadLoudonbeengiventoalarms，whichhewasnot。Loudon，veryprivately，hasquitedifferentgameafield。LoudonmerelydetachesthisandtheothersmallCorpstolookafterFriedrich’soperations，whichprobablyhebelievestobeonlyafeint:——and，beforeaweekpasses，Friedrichwillhavenewshelittleexpects！
Friedrich，pausingatGross—Nossen，andperhapsalittlesurprisedtofindnoLoudonmeddlingwithhim，pushesout，firstonepartyandthenanother，——Dalwig，Bulow，towardsLandshutHill—Country，tothreatenLoudon’sBohemianroads；——who，singulartosay，donotheartheleastwordofLoudonthereabouts。ALoudonstrangelyindifferenttothisnewEnterpriseofours。OnthethirddayofGross—Nossen（Friday，October2d），FriedrichdetachesGeneralLentulustorearward，orthewaywecame，fornewsofLoudon。
Rearwardtoo，LentulusseesnothingwhateverofLoudon:but，fromtherumorofthecountry，andfromtwoPrussiangarrison—soldiers，whomhefoundwanderingabout，——hehears，withhorrorandamazement，ThatLoudon，byasuddenpanther—spring，thenightbeforelast，hasgotholdofSchweidnitz:nowhiswholly，since5A。M。ofyesterday；andastrongAustriangarrisoninitbythistime！ThatwasthenewsLentulusbroughthometohisKing；
thesorestJob’s—postofallthisWar。
Truly，asurprisingenterprisethisofLoudon’s；andisallowedbyeverybodytohavebeenadmirablymanaged。Loudonhashaditinhisheadforsometime；——eversincethatcolicofforty—eighthours，I
shouldguess；uponthewrecksofwhichitmightwellriseasanewdaystar。Hekeptitstrictlyinhisownhead；nobodybutDaunandtheKaiserhadhintofit，bothofwhomassented，andagreedtokeepsilence。
\"OnFriedrich’sremovaltowardsNeisseandthreateningofBohemia，\"
saysmyNoteonthissubject，\"Loudon’stimehadcome。
Friedrichhaddisappearedtosouthwestward，Saturday，September26th:’GonetoPilzen，’reportedLoudon’sscouts；’reststhereoverSunday。GonetoSigeroth，28th；gonetoGross—Nossen，Tuesday，September29th。’[Tempelhof，v。330。]Thatwilldo，thinksLoudon；
whohassatimmovableatKunzendorfallthiswhile；——and，WEDNESDAY，30th，instantlyproceedstobusiness。
\"Drawsout，about10A。M。ofWednesday，allroundSchweidnitzatsomemilesdistance，aring，orcompletegirdle，ofCroat—Cossackpeople；blockingupeverypathandroad:’Nobodytopass，thisday，towardsSchweidnitz，muchlessintoit，onanypretext。’ThatisthedutyoftheCroatpeople。ToanotheractiveOfficerheintruststhetaskofcollectingfromtheneighboringVillages（outsidetheCroatgirdle）asmanyladders，planksandthelike，aswillberequisite；whichalsoispunctuallydone。FortheAttackitself，whichistobeFourfold，ourpickedOfficersarechosen，withthe20bestBattalionsintheArmy:Czernichefisapprised；whowarmlyassents，andofferseveryhelp:——’800ofyourGrenadiers，’answersLoudon；’nomoreneeded。’Loudon’sarrangementsformanagementoftheladders，forpunctualityabouttheroutes，thetimes，thesimultaneity，arethoseofaperfectartist；noFriedrichcouldhavedonebetter。
\"About4intheafternoon，alltheCaptainsandBattalions，withtheirladdersandfurnitures，everybodywithInstructionverypointedandcomplete，areassembledatKunzendorf:LoudonaddressestheTroopsinafewfierywords；assureshimselfofvictorybythem；promisesthem10，060poundsinlieuofplunder，whichhestrictlyprohibits。OfficershadbettermakethemselvesacquaintedwiththeFourRoutestheyaretotakeinthedark:properalsotosetallyourwatchesbythechiefGeneral’s，thattherebenomistakeastotime。[InTEMPELHOF（v。332—349）andARCHENHOLTZ
（ii。272—280）allthesedetails。]At9，allbeingnowdark，andtheCroatgirdlehavinggathereditselfcloserroundtheplacesincenightfall，theFourDivisionsmarchtotheirrespectivestarting—
places；willwaitthere，silent；andabout2inthemorning，eachatitsappointedminute，stepforwardontheirbusiness。Withfixedbayonetsallofthem；nomusketrypermittedtilltheworksarewon。
LoudonwillwaitattheVillageofSchonbrunn[notWARKOTSCH’S
Schonbrunn，ofwhichbyandby，andwhichalsoisnotfar[SeeARCHENHOLTZ，ii。287；andcorrecthismistakeofthetwoplaces。]]
——atSchonbrunn，withinshortdistance；giveLoudonnoticewhenyouarewithin600yards；——thereshall，ifdesirable，bereinforcements，fartherorders。LoudonknowsSchweidnitzlikehisownbedroom。Hewaspersonallythere，inLeuthentime，improvingtheWorks。BynocturnalCroatparties，inthelatterpartofBunzelwitztime；andsincethen，bydesertersandotherwise，——heknowstheconditionoftheGarrison，oftheCommandant，andofeveryessentialpoint。HascalculatedthattheGarrisonishardlythirdpartofwhatitoughttobe，——3，800inwhole，andmanyofthemloosedeserterfellows；specialartillery—men，insteadofabout400，only191；——mostimportantofall，thatCommandantZastrowisnowizardinhistrade；and，onthewhole，thattheEnterpriseislikelytosucceed。
\"Zastrowhasbeengettingmarriedlately；andhasmanythingstothinkof，besidesSchweidnitz。Someaccountssaythiswashiswedding—night，——whichisnottrue，butonlythathehadmeanttogiveaBallthislastnightofSeptember；andperhapsdidgiveit，dancingoverBEFORE2，letushope！Somethingofajolter—headseemingly，thoughsolidandhonest。Iobserveheisakindofbutt，orlaughing—stock，ofFriedrich’s，andhasyieldedsomegleamsofmomentaryfun，heandthismarriageofhis，betweenPrinceHenriandtheKing，inthetragicgloomallround。[Schoning，ii。
SOEPIUS。]NothingsosurprisesmeinFriedrichashishabitualinattentiontothestateofhisGarrisons。HehasthebestofCommandantsandalsotheworst:TauentzieninBreslau，HeydeinColberg，unsurpassableintheworld；inGlatzaD’O，inSchweidnitzaZastrow，bothofwhomcosthimdear。Oppositionsneerssecretly，’Itisastheyhappentohavecometohand。’Whichhasnotmuchtruth，thoughsome。Tauentzienhechose；D’OwasFouquet’schoice，nothis；Zastrowhedidchoose；Heydehehadbyaccident；ofHeydehehadneverheardtillthedefenceofColbergbegantobeaworld’swonder。AndinregardtohisGarrisons，itisindisputabletheywereoftenleftpalpablydefectiveinquantityandquality；
and，morethanonce，fatallygavewayatthewrongmoment。WecanonlysaythatFriedrichwasbitterlyinwantofmenforthefield；
that’aGarrison—Regiment’wasalwaysreckonedaninferiorarticle；
andthatFriedrich，inthepressofhisstraits，hadoftenhadtosay:’Well，these[plainlyHelots，notSpartans]，thesewillhavetodo！’Forwhichheseverelysuffered:andperhapsrepented，——
whoknows？
\"Zastrow，inspiteofLoudon’sprecautionaryGirdleofCroats，andthecaresofacomingBall，hadgotsufficientinklingofsomethingbeinginthewind。AndwasmuchontheWallsallday，heandhisOfficers；scanningwiththeirglassesandtheirguessesthesurroundingphenomena，tolittlepurpose。Atnighthesentoutpatrols；keptsputteringwithmusketryandanoccasionalcannonintothevacantdarkness（’Wearealert，yousee，HerrLoudon！’）。
Inaword，tookwhatmeasureshecould，poorman；——verystupidmeasures，thinksTempelhof，andalmostworsethannone，especiallythisofsputteringwithmusketry；——andhopedalwaystherewouldbenoAttack，ornonetospeakof。Till，infine，between2and3inthemorning，hispatrolsgallopin，’Austriansonmarch！’andZastrow，throwingoutarocketortwo，descriesinmomentaryilluminationthattheFactisverilyhere。
\"Hisdefence（fouroftheFiveseveralFortsattackedatonce）wasofaconfusedcharacter；butbetterthancouldhavebeenexpected。
Loudon’sColumnscameonwithextraordinaryvigorandcondensedimpetuosity；stormedtheOutworkseverywhere，andalmostatoncegotintotheshelteroftheCovered—way:butontheMainWall，orinthescalingpartoftheirbusiness，wererepulsed，insomeplacestwiceorthrice；andhadamurderousstruggle，ofverychaoticnature，inthedarkelement。Nopictureofitintheleastpossibleorneedfulhere。Inoneplace，aPowder—Magazineblewupwithabout400ofthem，——blown（saidrumor，withnocertainty）byanindignantPrussianartillery—mantowhomtheyhadrefusedquarter:inanotherplace，the800RussianGrenadierscameunexpectedlyuponachasmorbridgelessintersticebetweentworamparts；andhadtohaltsuddenly，——till（saysrumoragain，withstilllesscertainty）theirOfficersinsistingwiththerearwardpart，’Forward，forward！’enoughoffrontmenweretumbledintomakearoadway！Thiswasthestorycurrent；[Archenholtz，ii。275。]
greatlyexaggerated，Ihavenodoubt。Whatweknowis，ThattheseRussiansdidscramblethrough，punctuallyperformtheirpartofthework；——andfurthermore，that，havinggotupontheTown—Wall，whichwasfinistoeverything，theypunctuallysatdownthere；
and，reflectivelyleaningontheirmuskets，witnessedwiththegravityanddignityofantiquesages，superiortomoneyormoney’sworth，thegeneralplunderwhichwentoninspiteofLoudon’sorders。
\"For，infine，between5and6，thatisinaboutthreehoursandahalf，Loudonwaseverywherevictorious；Zastrow，SchweidnitzFortress，andallthatitheld，wereLoudon’satdiscretion；
Loudon’sonecarenowwastostopthepillageofthepoorTownsfolk，asthemostpressingthing。Whichwasnotdonewithoutdifficulty，norcompletelytillafterhoursofexertionbycavalryregimentssentin。Thecaptorshadfoughtvaliantly；butitwaswhisperedtherehadbeenapreliminaryofbrandyinthem；
certainly，exceptthosepoorRussians，nobody’sbehaviorwasunexceptionable。\"
ThecaptureofSchweidnitzcostLoudonabout1，400men；hefoundinSchweidnitz，besidestheGarrisonallprisonersorkilled，some240
piecesofartillery，——\"211heavyguns，135hand—mortars，\"saytheAustrianAccounts，\"withstoresandmunitions\"insuchquantities；
\"89，760musket—cartridges，1，300，000flints，\"[InHelden—
Geschichte，（vi。651—665）theAustrianAccount，withLISTS&c。]fortwoitems:——andallthiswasatriflecomparedtotheshockithasbroughtonFriedrich’sSilesianaffairs。
For，inpresentcircumstances，itamountstotheactualconquestofalargeportionofSilesia；and，forthefirsttime，toarealprospectoffinishingtheremaindernextYear。ItisjudgedtohavebeenthehardeststrokeFriedrichhadinthecourseofthisWar。
\"OurstrenuousCampaignonasuddenrenderedwind，andofnoworth！
TheEnemytowinterinSilesia，afterall；Silesiatogoinevitably，——andlifealongwithit！\"WhatFriedrich’sblackmeditationswere，\"Inthefollowingweeks[notclosefollowing，butpoorKusterdoesnotdate]，theKingfellillofgout，sawalmostnobody，nevercameout；and，itwaswhispered，theinflexibleheartofhimwasatlastbreaking；thatistosay，theveryaxisofthisPrussianworldgivingway。Andforcertain，thereneverwasinhiscampandoverhisdominionssuchagloomasinthisOctober，1761；
tillatlengthheappearedonhorsebackagain，withacheerfulface；andeverybodythoughttohimself，’Ha，theworldwillstillroll，then！’\"[Kuster，Lebens—RettungenFriedrichsdesZweyten（Berlin，1797），p。59&c。ItisthesameinnocentreliableKusterwhomwecited，inSALDERN’S
case，already。]
ThisiswhatLoudonhaddone，withoutanyRussians，exceptRussianstogivehimeight—and—fortyhourscolic，andputhimonhisownshifts。AndthewayinwhichtheKriegshofrath，andherImperialMajestytheKaiserinn，receivedit，isperhapsstillworthaword。
TheKaiser，whohadaloneknownofLoudon’sscheme，andforgoodreason（absolutesecrecybeingtheverysoulofit）hadwhisperednothingofitfarthertoanymortal，wasnaturallyoverjoyed。
ButtheOlympianbrowofMariaTheresa，whentheKaiserwentradianttoherwiththisnews，didnotradiateinresponse；
butgloomedindignantly:\"NoorderfromKriegshofrath，orme！\"
IndignantKriegshofrathcalleditaCROATEN—STREICH
（Croat’s—trick）；andLoudon，likePrinceEugenlongsince，waswithdifficultyexcusedthisactofdisobedience。GreatisAuthority；——
andoughttobedivinelyrigorous，if（asbynomeansalwayshappens）itisotherwiseofdivinequality！
Friedrich’streatmentofZastrowwasinstrongcontrastofstyle。
HereishisLettertothatunluckyGentleman，whoishimselfclearthathedeservesnoblame:\"MydearMajor—GeneralvonZastrow，——
Themisfortunethathasbefallenmeisverygrievous；butwhatconsolesmeinitis，toseebyyourLetterthatyouhavebehavedlikeabraveOfficer，andthatneitheryounortheGarrisonhavebroughtdisgraceorreproachonyourselves。Iamyourwell—
affectionedKing，——FRIEDRICH。\"AndinAutographthisPostscript:
\"Youmay，inthisoccurrence，saywhatFrancisI。，aftertheBattleofPavia，wrotetohisMother:’Allislostexcepthonor。’AsIdonotyetcompletelyunderstandtheaffair，Iforbeartojudgeofit；
foritisaltogetherextraordinary。——F。\"[
Militair—Lexikon，iv。305，306（Letterundatedthere；
dateprobably，\"Gross—Nossen，October3d\"）。]
AndnevermeddledfartherwithZastrow；onlylefthimwellaloneforthefuture。\"GrantmeaCourt—Martial，then！\"saidZastrow，findinghimselffallensoneglected，afterthePeace。\"Nouse，\"
answeredFriedrich:\"Iimputenothingofcrimetoyou；butaftersuchamishap，itwouldbedangeroustotrustyouwithanypostorcommand；\"——andin1766，grantedhim，ondemand，hisdemissioninstead。ThepoormanthenretiredtoCassel，wherehelivedtwentyyearslonger，andwasnomoreheardof。Hewashalf—brotheroftheGeneralZastrowwhogotkilledbyaPandouroflongrange（bulletthroughbothtemples，frombrushwood，acrosstheElbe），inthefirstyearofthisWar。
ChapterIX。
TRAITORWARKOTSCH。
Friedrich’sArmywastohavecantoneditselfroundNeisse，October3d:butontheinstantofthisfatalSchweidnitznewsproceeded（3d—6thOctober）towardsStrehleninstead，——Friedrichpersonallyonthe5th；——andtookquartersthereandinthevillagesround。
GeneralcantonmentatStrehlen，inguardofBreslauandofNeisseboth；Loudon，stillimmovableatKunzendorf，attemptingnothingoneitherofthoseplaces，andcarefullydecliningtheriskofaBattle，whichwouldhavebeenFriedrich’sgame:allthiscontinuedtillthebeginningofDecember，whenbothpartiestookWinter—
quarters；[Tempelhof，v。349。]cantonedthemselvesintheneighboringlocalities，——Czernichef，withhisRussians，inGlatzCountry；FriedrichinBreslauasheadquarter；——andtheCampaignhadended。Endedinthispart，withoutfarthereventoftheleastnotability；——exceptthefollowingonly，whichapoormanofthenameofKappelhasrecordedforus。Ofwhich，andtheastoundingSequeltowhich，wemustnowsaysomething。
KappelisaGentleman’sGroomofthoseStrehlenparts；andshall，inhisownwords，bringusfacetofacewithFriedrichinthatneighborhood，directlyafterSchweidnitzwaslost。ItisOctober5th，day，orrathernightoftheday，ofFriedrich’sarrivalthereabouts；mostofhisArmyaheadofhim，andtheremainderallunderway。FriedrichandtherearwardpartofhisArmyarefilingabout，inthatnewStrehlen—wardmovementoftheirs，undercloudofnight，intheintricateHill—and—DaleCountry；topostthemselvestothebestadvantagefortheirdoubleobject，ofcoveringBreslauandNeisseboth；KappelLOQUITUR；abridgedbyKuster，whomweabridge:——
\"MONDAYNIGHT，OCTOBER5th，1761，TheKing，withtwoorthreeattendants，stillaheadofhisArmy，appearedatSchonbrunn，aSchlossandVillage，fiveorsixmilessouthfromStrehlen；
[THISistheWarkotschSchonbrunn；nottheothernearSchweidnitz，asArchenholtzbelieves:seeARCHENHOLTZ，ii。287，andthebitofmythhehasgoneintoinconsequence。]anddidtheowner，BaronvonWarkotsch，anacquaintanceofhis，thehonoroflodgingthere。
Beforebedtime，——ifindeedtheKingintendedbedatall，meaningtobeoffinfourhourshence，——FriedrichinquiredofWarkotschfor’atrustyman，wellacquaintedwiththeroadsinthisCountry。’
WarkotschmentionedKappel，hisownGroom；onewhoundoubtedlykneweveryroadoftheCountry；andwhohadalwaysbehavedasatrustyfellowinthesevenyearshehadbeenwithhim。’Letmeseehim，’
saidtheKing。Kappelwassentup，aboutmidnight，Kingstilldressed；sittingonasofa，bythefire；Kappel’slookwassatisfactory；KappelknowsseveralroadstoStrehlen，inthedarkestnight。’Itisthefootpathwhichgoesso—and—sothatI
want’（forFriedrichknowsthisCountryintimately:readersrememberhisworld—famousCampofStrehlen，withallthediplomaciesofEuropegatheredthere，throughsummer，inthetrainofMollwitz）。’JA，IHROMAJESTAT，Iknowit！’’Beready，then，at4。’
\"Beforethestrokeof4，Kappelwasatthedoor，onMaster’sbesthorse；theKing’sGroomtoo，andledhorse，animblelittlegray，werewaiting。As4struck，Friedrichcamedown，Warkotschwithhim。
’Unspeakablethehonoryouhavedonemypoorhouse！’BesidestheKing’sGroom，therewereaChamberlain，anAdjutantandtwomountedChasers（REITENDEJAGER），whichlatterhadeachalightedlantern:
inallsevenpersons，includingKappelandtheKing。（Gobeforeusonfootwithyourlanterns，’saidtheKing。Verydarkitwas。AndovernighttheArmyhadarrivedallabout；someofthemjustcomingin，ondifferentroadsandpaths。TheKingwalkedabovetwomiles，andlookedhowtheRegimentswere，withoutspeakingaword。
Atlast，asthecannonscameup，andwerestillinfullmotion，theKingsaid:’Sharp，sharp，BURSCHE；itwillbeMARCHdirectly。’
’March？TheDevilitwill:wearejustcomingintoCamp！’saidacannonier，notknowingitwastheKing。
\"TheKingsaidnothing。Walkedonstillalittlewhile；
thenordered，’Blowoutthelanterns；tohorsebacknow！’andmounted，aswealldid。Mehebadekeepfivestepsahead，fiveandnotmore，thathemightseeme；foritwasverydark。NotfarfromtheLordshipCasserey，wherethereisaWater—mill，theKingaskedme，’Haven’tyoumissedtheBridgehere？’（aKingthatdoesnotforgetroadsandtopographieswhichmaycometoconcernhim！）——andbadeusridewiththeutmostsilence，andmakenojingle。Asdaybroke，wewereinsightofStrehlen，nearbytheFarmofTreppendorf。’AnddoyouknowwheretheKallenberglies？’saidtheKing:’ItmustbetoleftoftheTown，neartheHills；bringusthither！’
\"WhenwegotontheKallenberg，itwasnotquiteday；andwehadtohaltformorelight。AftersometimetheKingsaidtohisGroom，’Givememyperspective！’lookedslowlyallroundforagoodwhile，andthensaid，’IseenoAustrians！’——（groundallatourchoice，then；weknowwheretochoose！）TheKingthenaskedmeifIknewtheroadto\"——infact，toseveralplaces，which，inaParishHistoryofthoseparts，wouldbeabundantlyinteresting；butmustbeentirelyomittedhere……\"TheKingcalledhisChamberlain；
gavesomesign，whichmeant’Beer—moneytoKappel！’——andIgotfoureight—groschenpieces[threeshillingsodd；arichrewardinthosedays]；andwasbidtellmyMaster，’ThattheKingthankedhimforthegoodquarters，andassuredhimofhisfavor。’
\"Ridingbackacrosscountry，Kappel，somefourorfivemileshomeward，cameuponthe’wholePrussianArmy，’strugglingforwardintheirvariousColumns。TwoGenerals，——oneofthemKrusemark，King’sAdjutant[ColonelKrusemark，notGeneral，asKappelthinks，whocametoknowhimsomeweeksafter]，——hadhimbroughtup:
towhomhegaveaccountofhimself，howhehadbeenescortingtheKing，andwherehehadlefthisMajesty。’BehindStrehlen，sayyou？
Breslauroad？Devilknowswhitherweshallallhavetogoyet！’
observedKrusemark，andleftKappelfree。\"[Kuster，
Lebens—Rettungen，pp。66—76。]
Inthoseweeks，ColbergSiege，Pitt’sCatastropheandhighthingsareimpending，orcompleted，elsewhere:butthisistheonethingnoticeablehereabouts。InregardtoStrehlen，andFriedrich’shistorythere，whatwehavetosayturnsalluponthisKappelandWarkotsch:and，——aftermentioningonlythatFriedrich’slodgingisnotinStrehlenproper，butinWoiselwitz，avillageorsuburbalmosthalfamileoff，andverynegligentlyguarded，——wehavetorecordanAdventurewhichthenmadeagreatdealofnoiseintheworld。
Warkotschisarichlord；SchonbrunnonlyoneoffiveorsixdifferentEstateswhichhehasinthoseparts；though，notmanyyearsago，beingyoungerbrother，hewasaCaptainintheAustrianservice（RegimentBOTTA，ifyouareparticular）；andlayinOlmutz，——withverydulloulooks；notimproved，Ishouldjudge，bythefactthatSilesiaandtheWarkotschconnectionswerebecomePrussiansincethisjuniorenteredtheAustrianArmy。Thejuniorhadsownhiswildoats，andwasalreadygettinggrayinthebeard，inthatdullmanner，when，aboutsevenyearsago，hisElderBrother，towhomFriedrichhadalwaysbeenkind，fellunwell；
and，intheendof1755，died:whereuponthejuniorsawhimselfHeir；andenteredonanewphaseofthings。QuittedhisCaptaincy，quittedhisallegiance；andwassettledherepeaceablyunderhisnewKingin1756，alittlewhilebeforethisWarbrokeout。And，atSchonbrunn，October5th，1761，hashadhisMajestyhimselfforguest。
WarkotschwasnotlonginridingovertoStrehlentopayhiscourt，asindutybound，forthehonorofsuchaVisit；andfromthattime，Kappel，everydayortwo，hadtoattendhimthither。TheKinghadalwayshadafavorforWarkotsch’slateBrother，asanexcellentSilesianLandlordandManager，whosefineDomainswereinanexemplarycondition；as，underthenewWarkotschtoo，theyhavecontinuedtobe。AlwaysagraciousMajestytothisWarkotschaswell；whoisanoldsoldierwithal，andmanofsenseandingenuity；
acceptabletoFriedrich，andgrowingmoreandmorefamiliaramongFriedrich’scircleofOfficersnowatStrehlen。
ToStrehlenisWarkotsch’sfavoriteride；inthesolitarycountry，quiteacharmingadjuncttoyourusualdullerrandoutforairandexercise。Kappel，too，remarksaboutthistimethathe（Kappel）
getsonceandagain，andevermorefrequently，aLettertocarryovertoSiebenhuben，aVillagethreeorfourmilesoff；theLetteralwaystooneSchmidt，whoisCatholicCuratethere；Letterunderenvelope，wellsealed，——andconsistingoftwopieces，ifyoufingeritjudiciously。And，whatiscurious，theLetterneverhasanyaddress；Mastermerelyorders，\"Punctual；forCuratusSchmidt，youknow！\"Whatcanthisbe？thinksKappel。Somesecret，doubtless；
perhapssomeintrigue，whichMadammustnotknowof，——\"ACH，HERR
BARON；andatyourage，——fifty，Iamsure！\"Kappel，asolidfellow，concernedforgroom—businessalone，punctuallycarrieshisLetters；
takeschargeoftheResponsestoo，whichneverhaveanyAddress；
anddoesnottoomuchtroublehimselfwithcuriositiesofanimpertinentnature。
TotheseexternalphenomenaIwillatpresentonlyaddthisinternalone:ThatanoldBrotherOfficerofWarkotsch’s，aColonelWallis，withHussars，isnowlyingatHeinrichau，——say，10milesfromStrehlen，andabout10fromSchonbrunntoo，oramilemoreifyoutaketheSiebenhubenway；andthatallthesemissives，throughCuratusSchmidt，areforWallistheHussarColonel，andmustbeasecretnotfromMadamalone！HowaBaron，hithertoofhonor，couldallatoncebecomeTURPISSIMUS，theSuperlativeofScoundrels？
Thisiseventhereason，——theprizeissosuperlative。
\"MONDAYNIGHT，NOVEMBER30th，1761[nightbittercold]，Kappelfindshimselfsittingmounted，andholdingMaster’shorse，inStrehlen，moreexactlyinWoiselwitz，asuburbofStrehlen，neartheKing’sdoor，——Majesty’stravelling—coachdrawnoutthere，symbolthatStrehlenisending，generaldeparturetowardsBreslaunownigh。NottoKappel’ssorrowperhaps，waitinginthecoldthere。Kappelwaits，hourafterhour；MastertakinghiseasewiththeKing’speople，regardlessofthehorsesandme，inthisshiveryweather；——andonemustnotwalkabouteither，fordisturbingtheKing’ssleep！NottillmidnightdoesMasteremerge，andthefreezingKappelandquadrupedsgetunderway。Underway，MasterbreaksoutintosingulartalkabouttheKing’slodging:Waseveranythingsocareless；nothingbuttwosentriesintheKing’santeroom；thirteenallthesoldiersthatareinWoiselwitz；
Strehlennotavailableinlessthantwentyminutes:nothingbutwoods，hagglyglensandhills，allontoHeinrichau:HoweasytosnatchoffhisMajesty！\"UMGOTTESWILLEN，myLord，don’tspeakso:
thinkifapatrollingPrussianweretohearit，inthedark！\"
Pooh，pooh，answerstheHerrBaron。
\"AtSchonbrunn，intheshorthours，KappelfindsFrauKappelinstateofunappeasablecuriosity:’Whatcanitbe？CuratusSchmidtwashereallafternoon；muchinhastetoseeMaster；hadtogoatlast，——fortheChurch—service，thisSt。Andrew’sEve。Andonlythink，thoughhesatwithMyLadyhoursandhours，heleftthisLetterwithME:\"GiveittoyourHusband，formyLord，theinstanttheycome；andsayImusthaveanAnswerto—morrowmorningat7。\"
Leftitwithme，notwithMyLady；——MyLadynottoknowofit！’
’Tush，woman！’ButFrauKappelhasbeen，herself，unappeasablyrunningabout，eversinceshegotthisLetter；hasappliedtotwofellow—servants，oneaftertheother，whocanreadwriting，’Breakitup，willyou！’Buttheywouldnot。PracticalKappeltakestheLetteruptoMaster’sroom；deliversit，withtheMessage。