FRIEDRICH，STRANGETOSAY，PUBLISHES（March—June，1760）
ANEDITIONOFHISPOEMS。QUESTION，\"WHOWROTEMatineesduRoidePrusse？\"——FORTHESECOND，ANDPOSITIVELYTHELASTTIME。
Inthisavalancheofimpendingdestructions，whatcanbemoresurprisingthantohearoftheEditingofPoemsonhisMajesty’spart！ActualpublicationofthatOEuvredePoesie，forwhichVoltaire，poorgentleman，sufferedsuchtribulationsevenyearsago。Nowcomingoutfromchoice:Reprintofit，notnowtotheextentoftwelvecopiesforhighlyspecialfriends，butincopiousthousands，forbehoofofmankindatlarge！ThethingcostFriedrichverylittlemeditating，andhadbecomenecessary，——andtobedonewithspeed。
ReadersrecollecttheOEUVREDEPOESIE，andsatiricalhitssaidtobeinit。AtParis，aboutNew—year’stime1760，somehelpfulHandhadcontrivedtobringout，underthepretendeddate\"Potsdam，\"acheapeditionofthatinterestingWork。[\"OEuvresduPhilosophedeSans—Souci:\"1vol。12mo，\"Potsdam[PARIS，intruth]，1760。\"]Merelyinthewayoftheft，asappearedtocursoryreaders，toD’Argens，forexample:[HisLettertotheKing，OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。138。]but，indeeperfact，forthepurposeofapprisingcertainCrownedHeads，friendlyandhostile，——CzarishMajestyandGeorgeII。ofEnglandthemaintwo，——whatthispoetizingKingwaspleasedtothinkoftheminhisprivatemoments。D’Argensdeclareshimselfgladofthistheft，soexquisitelycleveristheBook。ButFriedrichknowsbetter:\"March17th，whenaCopyofitcametohim，\"Friedrichseeswellwhatismeant，——andwhathehimselfhastodoinit。
Heinstantlysetsaboutmakingafewsuppressions，changesofphrase；sendsthethingtoD’Argens:\"Publishatonce，withalittleprefatoryword。\"And，atthetopofhisspeed，D’Argenshas，inthreeweeks’time，thesuitableAVANT—PROPOS，orAVISAU
LIBRAIRE，\"circulatingingreatquantities，especiallyinLondonandPetersburg\"（\"ThiefEditorhasomitted；and，whatisfarmore，hasmalignantlyinterpolated:hereisthepooridleWorkitself，notaCounterfeitofit，ifanybodycaretoreadit\"），andanOrthodoxEditionready。[CameoutApril9th[seeMITCHELL，ii。
153]，andasecondfinerEditioninJune:\"inOEuvresdeFrederic，x。p。x，xix。137n。，138；especiallyinPREUSS，i。467，468（ifyouwillcomparehimwithHIMSELFonthesedifferentoccasions，andpatientlywindouthisbitofmeaning），allmannerofminutestdetails。]ThediligentPirateBooksellers，atAmsterdam，atLondon，copiouslyreproducedthisauthorizedBerlinEditiontoo，——oraddedexcerptsfromittotheirreprintsoftheParisone，bywayofvarious—readings。Andeverybodyreadandcompared，whatnobodywillnowdo；theme，andtreatmentoftheme，beingbothnowsoheartilyindifferenttous。
WhothePerpetratorofthisParisianmaleficencewas，remaineddark；——andwouldnotbeworthinquiringintoatall，exceptfortworeasonsintrinsicallytrifling，butnotquitewithoutinteresttoreadersofourtime。First，thatVoltaire，whomsomesuspected（some，nevermuchFriedrich，thatIhearof），appearstohavebeenperfectlyinnocent；——andindeedhadbeenincapacitatedforguilt，bySchmidtandFreytag，andtheirdreadfulFrankfurtprocedures！
ThisisreasonFIRST；poorVoltairemutelyaskingus，Nottoloadhimwithmoresinsthanhisown。ReasonSECONDis，that，byasingularopportunity，therehas，intheseverymonths，[Spring，1863。]aglimmeringoflightrisenonittothisEditor；
illustratingtwootherpointsaswell，whichreadershereareacquaintedwith，sometimeago，asriddlesoftheinsignificantsort。TheDEMONNEWSWRITER，withhis\"IDEA\"ofFriedrich，andthe\"MATINEESDUROIDEPRUSSE:\"readersrecollectboththoseProductions；bothenigmaticastoauthorship；——butbothnowbecomeriddleswhichcanmoreorlessberead。
Forthesurprisingcircumstance（thoughincertainperiods，whentherealmofveryChaosre—emerges，fitfully，intouppersunshinenowandthen，nothingoughttosurpriseoneashappeningthere）is，That，onlyafewmonthsago，theincomparableMATINEES（knowntomyreadersfiveyearssince）hasfoundanewEditorandreviver。
Editorilluminated\"bytheSecretaryoftheGreatNapoleon，\"\"bydiscoveryofmanuscripts，\"\"bytheDucdeRovigo，\"andIknownotwhat；animatedalso，itissaid，byreligiousviews。And，inshort，theMATINEESisagainabroadupontheworld，——\"yourLondonEditiontwicereprintedinGermany，bytheJesuitpartysince\"（muchgoodmayitdotheJesuitparty！）——aMATINEESagainincomfortablecircumstances，aswouldseem。Probablythelongest—earedPlatitudenowwalkingtheEarth，thoughthereareagoodmanywithearslong。
Unconscious，seemingly，thatithasbeenkilledthriceandfourtimesalready；andthatindeed，exceptintherealmofNightmare，itneverwasalive，orneededanykilling；beliefinit，doubtuponit（ImustgrievetoinformtheDucdeRovigoandhonorablepersonsconcerned），beingevidenceconclusivethatyouhavenotyetthefaintestpreliminaryshadowofcorrectknowledgeaboutFriedrichorhishabitsoraffairs，andthatyououghtfirsttotryandacquiresome。
Tomeargumentonthissubjectwouldhavebeentoounendurable。
Butargumenttherewasonit，bypersonscapableandwilling，morethanone:andinresultthissurprisingbrand—newLondonmoon—calfofaMATINEESwassmittenthrough，andslitinpieces，forthefifthtime，——asifthatcouldhavehurtitmuch！\"MITDER
DUMMHEIT，\"singsSchiller；\"HumanStupidityisstrongerthantheveryGods。\"However，inthecourseofthesenewinspectionsintomatterslongsinceobsolete，theredid——whatmaytrulybeconsideredasakindofprofitbythisResuscitatingofthemoon—
calfMATINEESuponafflictedmankind，andisanetoutcomefromit，real，thoughverysmall——somelightriseastotheoriginandgenesisofMATINEES；sometwinklesoflight，and，intheutterlydarkelement，diddiscloseothermonstrousextinctshapesloomingtorightandleftofsaidmonster:and，inaword，theAuthorshipofMATINEES，andnotofMATINEESonly，becomesnowatlastfaintlyvisibleorguessable。TooneofthoseindustriousMatadors，aswemaycallthem，Slayersofthismoon—calfforthefourthorfifthtime，IowethefollowingNote；which，onverifying，Icandeclaretobetrustworthy:——
\"TheAuthorofMATINEES，itisnearlycertain\"，saysmyCorrespondent，\"isactuallya’M。deBonneville，’——contrarytowhatyouwrotefiveyearsago。[A。D。1858（SUPRA，v。165，166）。]
NotindeedtheBonnevillewhoisfoundinDictionaries，whoisvisiblyimpossible；butaBonnevilleoftheprecedinggeneration，whowasMarechaldeSaxe’sAdjutantorSecretary，oldenoughtohavebeentheUncleortheFatherofthatrevolutionaryBonneville。
MarechaldeSaxediedNovember30th，1750；thisseniorBonneville，stillayoungman，hadbeenwithhimtoPotsdamonvisitthere。
Bonneville，consciousofgenius，andnowoutofemployment，naturallywentthitheragain；livedagooddealthere，orwentbetweenFranceandthere:andauthenticHistoryknowsofhim，bydirectevidence，andbyreflex，thefollowingThreeFacts（theSECONDofthemitselfthreefold），ofwhichIwilldistinguishtheindubitablefromtheinferentiallycredibleorasgoodascertain:——
\"1。Indubitable，ThatBonnevillesoldtoFriedrichcertainPapers，militaryPlans，orthelike，ofthelateMarechalandwaspaidforthem；butbynomeansmettherecognitionhisgeniussawitselftomerit。Thesethingsarecertain，thoughnotdated，ordatableexceptasoftheyear1750or1751。Afterwhich，forabovetwentyyears，Bonnevilleentereduponaseriesofadventures，caliginous，underground，formostpart；’soldieringinAmerica，’’writinganonymousPamphletsorBooks，’roamingwideovertheworld；andledabusybutobscureanduncertainlife，hangingbyBerlinasakindofcentre，orbyParisandBerlinashistwocentres；andhadamiscellaneousseriesofadventures，subterraneanmanyofthem，unluminousallofthem，notcourtingthelight；whichlienowinnaturallyaverydarkcondition。Dimlydiscernible，however，inthegeneralduskofBonneville，dimandvagueofoutline，butdefinitelysteadybeyondwhatcouldhavebeenexpected，itdoesappearfarther，——whataloneentitlesBonnevilletotheleastmemoryhere，oranywhereinNaturenoworhenceforth，——
\"2。Inferentiallycredible，That，shortlyafterthatfirstrebuffinPotsdam，he，notanother，in1752，wasyour’DEMONNEWSWRITER，’
whomwegazedat，sometimesince，devoutlycrossingourselves，foralittlewhile！
\"Likewisethat，in1759—1760，afterorbeforehisAmericanwanderings，he，thesameBonneville，aswassuspectedatthetime，[\"Nicolai，UeberZimmermannsFragmente，i。
181，182，ii。253，254。SketchofwhatisauthenticallyknownaboutBonneville:’suspectedbothofMATINEESandoftheStolenEDITION。’\"]stoleandeditedthissurreptitiousmischief—makingOEuvresduPhilosophedeSans—Souci（ParisorLyon，pretendingtobe’Potsdam，’January，1760），\"whichwearenowconsidering！\"Encouraged，probablyenough，byChoiseulhimself，who，inanycase，isnowknowntohavebeenthepromoterofthisfinebitofmischief，[Choiseul’sownNote，\"ToM。deMalesherbes，DIRECTEURDELALIBRAIRE，10thDecember，1759:’ByeverymethodscreentheKing’sGovernmentfrombeingsuspected；——andgettheEditionoutatonce。’\"（PublishedintheConstitutionnel，2dDecember，1850，byM。Sainte—Beuve；copiedinPreuss，OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。168n。）]——
andwhomaythereupon[ormayasprobably，NOT\"thereupon，\"ifitwereoftheleastconsequencetogodsormen]haveopenedtoBonnevilleanewmilitarycareerinAmerica？Careerwhichledtoasgoodasnothing；FrenchsoldieringinAmericabeingdonefor，inthecourseof1760。UponwhichBonnevillewouldreturntohisoldhaunts，tohisoldsubterraneanindustriesinParisandBerlin。
\"Andthat，finally，in1765，he，aswasagainsuspectedatthetime，[\"Nicolai，UeberZimmermannsFragmente，i。181，182，ii。253，254。SketchofwhatisauthenticallyknownaboutBonneville:
’suspectedbothofMATINEESandoftheStolenEDITION。’\"]heandnoother，didwritethoseMATINEES，whichappearednextyearinprint（1766），andmanytimessince；andhavejustbeenreprinted，asasurprisingnewdiscovery，atLondon，inSpring，1863。
\"3。Againindubitable，ThateitherafterorbeforethoseEditorialexploits，BonnevillehadsoldtheMarechaldeSaxe’sPlansandPapers，whichwerealreadytheKing’s，tosomesecondperson，andbeenasecondtimepaidforthem。Andwas，inregardtothisSwindlingexploit，foundout；andbyreasonofthatsale，orforwhatreasonisnotknown，wasputintoSpandau，and，onehopes，endedhislifethere。\"[\"Nicolai，UBISUPRA；——andbesideshim，onlythetwofollowingreferences，outofhalfacart—load:
1。Bachaumont，MEMOIRESSECRETES，’7thFebruary，1765’（seeBarbier，DictionnairedesAnonymes，？
Matinees），whocallsMATINEES’adevelopmentoftheIDEEDELA
PERSONNE，’&c。（thatis，ofyour’DEMONNEWSWRITER；’alreadyknowntoBachaumont，this’IDEE，’itseems，aswellastheMATINEESinManuscript）。2。LETTERofGrimmtoDuchessofSachsen—Gotha[OUR
Duchess]，dated’Paris，15thApril，1765:’notinprinted
CorrespondancedeGrimm，butstillintheArchivesofGotha，incompanywithaMS。ofMATINEES，probablytheoldestextant（see，——intheGRENZBOTENPeriodical，Leipzig，1863，pp。473—484，500—519，——K。SAMWER，whoisChiefMALLEUSofthisnewLondonmoon—calf，andwillinformthecuriousofeveryparticular）。\"
MATINEESwasfirstprinted1766（noplace），andsevenoreighttimessince，indifferentCountries；twiceorthriceover，as\"aninterestingnewdiscovery:\"——verywearisometothisEditor；whoreadMATINEES（inpoorLONDONprint，thattoo）manyyearsago，——
withcompletesatisfactionastoMatinees，andsincerewishnottotouchitagainevenwithapairoftongs；——andhassincehadthree\"pricelessMSS。ofit\"offeredhim，atlowrates，asaguerdontomerit。]
FactNo。2，whichaloneconcernsushere，——andwhich，initsthreesuccessivestages，doescuriouslycoherewithitselfandwithotherthings，——comes，therefore，notbydirectlight，whichindeed，bythenatureofthecase，wouldbeimpossible。Notbydirectlight，butbyvariousreflexlights，andconvergenceofprobabilitiesoldandnew，whichbecomethestrongerthebettertheyareexamined；
andmaybeconsideredasamountingtowhatiscalledamoralcertainty，——\"certain\"enoughforaninquiryofthatsignificance。
Toakindofmoralcertainty:kindofmoralconsolationtoo；
onlyOneindividualofAdam’sPosterity，notThreeormore，havingbeenneededinthesemultifariousactsofscoundrelism；andthatOnereceivingpayment，orpartpayment，sopromptandappropriate，intheshapeofapermanentcannon—ballathisankle。
ThisistheoneprofitmyreadersorIhaveyetderivedfromthelatemiraculousResuscitationofMATINEESROYALES；theotheritemsofprofitinthatEnterpriseshallbelong，nottousintheleastmeasure，buttoBonneville，andtohiswellorilldisposedCoadjutorsandCopartnersintheAdventure。Adieutoit，audtohimandtothem，foreverandaday！
PEACE—NEGOTIATIONSHOPEFULTOFRIEDRICHALLTHROUGHWINTER；
BUTTHEFRENCHWON’T。VOLTAIRE，ANDHISSTYLEOFCORRESPONDING。
ThisWintertherewastalkofPeace，morespecificallythanever。
November15th，attheHague，asaneutralplace，therehadbeen，bythetwoMajesties，BritannicandPrussian，officialDECLARATION，\"We，forourpart，deeplylamentthesehorrors，andarereadytotreatofPeace。\"ThisDeclarationwaspresentedNovember15th，1759，byPrinceLudwigofBrunswick（HeadGeneraloftheDutch，andaBrotherofPrinceFerdinandourGeneral’s，suitableforsuchcase），totheAustrian—FrenchExcellenciesattheHague。Bywhomithadbeenreceivedwiththeduepoliteness，\"Willgiveitourprofoundestconsideration；\"[DECLARATION（bythetwoMajesties）
thattheyarereadytotreatofPeace，15thNovember，1759，presentedby，&c。（asabove）；ANSWERfromFrance，instingyterms，andnottill3dApril，1760:areinLondonGazette；
inGentleman’sMagazine，xxix。
603，xxx。188；in&c。&c。]——whichindeedtheFrench，forsometime，privatelydid；thoughtheAustriansprivatelyhadnoneedtodoso，beingalreadyfixedforanegativeresponsetotheproposal。
Butherebyroseactualtalkofa\"Congress；\"andwaggingofDiplomaticwigsastowhereitshallbe。\"InBreda，\"saidsome；
\"BredaaplaceusedtoCongresses。\"\"WhynotinNancihere？\"saidpooroldEx—PolishStanislaus，alivetothecallsofbenevolence，pooroldTitularsoul。Otherssaid\"Leipzig；\"others\"Augsburg；\"——
andindeedinAugsburg，accordingtotheGazetteers，atonetime，therewere\"upholsterersbusygettingreadytheapartments。\"
Sothat，withsuchrumorintheDiplomaticcircles，theGazetteerandouterworldwasfullofspeculationuponPeace；andFriedrichhadlivelyhopesofit，andhadbeenhopingthreemonthsbefore，aswetransientlysaw，thoughagainitcametonothing。Alltonothing；andisnot，initself，worththeleastattentionfromushere，——apoorextinctfact，loudinthosemonthsandfillingthewholeworld，nowsilentandextincttoeverybody，——except，indeed，thatitoffersphysiognomictraitshereandthereofacertainKing，andofthoseabouthim。Forwhichreasonwewilldwellonitafewminuteslonger。
Nobody，inthatWinter1759—1760，couldguesswhere，orfromwhom，thisbigworld—interestingPeace—Negotiationhaditsbirth；
aseverybodynowcan，whennobodynowiscuriousonthequestion！
AtSagan，inSeptemberlast，weallsawthesmallprivatesourceofit，itsfirstoutspurtintodaylight；andreadFriedrich’sANSWERS
toVoltaireandthenobleDuchessonit:——forthesakeofwhichTwoprivateCorrespondents，andofFriedrich’srelationtothem，possiblyafewmoreExcerptsmaystillhaveakindofinterest，nowwhenthethingcorrespondedonhasceasedtohaveany。TotheDuchess，anoble—mindedLady，beautifullyzealoustohelpifshecould，bywhosehandthesemultifariousPeace—Papershavetopass，thisisalwaysFriedrich’sfinestyleintransmittingthem。Outofmanyspecimens，followingthatofSaganwhichwegave，herearetheNextThree:——
FRIEDRICHTOTHEDUCHESSOFSACHSEN—GOTHA
（ThreeotherLettersonthe\"Peace\"）。
1。
\"WILSDRUF，21stNovember，1759[dayafterMaxen，SURRENDERwasTHISmorning——ofwhichhehasnotheard]。
\"MADAM，——Nothingbutyourgenerositiesandyourindulgencecouldjustifymyincongruity[INCONGRUITE，introublingyouwiththeEnclosed]。Youwillhaveit，Madam，thatIshallstillfartherabusethosebounties，whicharesoprecioustome:atleastrememberthatitisbyyourorder，ifIforwardthroughyourhandthisLetter，whichdoesnotmeritsuchhonor。
\"Chance，whichsoinsolentlymockstheprojectsofmen，anddelightstobuildupandthenpulldown，hasledusabout，thusfar，——totheendoftheCampaign[notquiteendedyet，ifweknew]。
TheAustriansaregirtinbytheElbeonthisside；IhavehadtwoimportantMagazinesoftheirsinBohemiadestroyed[Kleist’sdoing]。Therehavebeensomebitsoffighting（AFFAIRES），thathaveturnedentirelytoouradvantage:——sothatIaminhopesofforcingM。DauntorepasstheElbe，toabandonDresden，andtotaketheroadforZittauandBohemia。
\"Italktoyou，Madam，ofwhatIamsurroundedwith；ofwhat，beinginyourneighborhood，mayperhapshavegainedyourattention。
Icouldgotomuchgreaterlength，ifmyheartdaredtoexplainitselfonthesentimentsofadmiration，gratitudeandesteem，withwhichIam，——MadammyCousin，——YourmostfaithfulCousin，FriendandServant，——F。\"
2。
\"FREYBERG，18thDecember，1759。
\"MADAM，——Youspoilmesobyyourindulgence，yousoaccustommetohaveobligationstoyou，thatIreproachmyselfahundredtimeswiththispresumption。CertainlyIshouldnotcontinuetoenclosetheseLetterstoyourcare，hadnotIthehopethatperhapstheCorrespondencemaybeofsomeusetoEngland，andeventoEurope，——
forwithoutdoubtPeaceisthedesirable，thenaturalandhappystateforallNations。ItistoacceleratePeace，Madam，thatI
abuseyourgenerosities。Thismotiveexcusesmetomyselffortheincongruityofmyprocedures。
\"Thegoodnessyouhavetotakeinterestinmysituationobligesmetogiveyousomeaccountofit。Wehaveundergoneallsortsofmisfortunehere[Maxen，whatnot]，atthemomentwewereleastexpectingthem。Nevertheless，thereremainstouscourageandhope；
hereareAuxiliaries[HereditaryPrinceand12，000]onthepointofarriving；thereisreasontothinkthattheendofourCampaignwillbelessfrightfulthanseemedlikelythreeweeksago。Mayyou，Madam，enjoyallthehappinessthatIwishyou。Mayalltheworldbecomeacquaintedwithyourvirtues，imitatethem，andadmireyouasIdo。Mayyoubepersuadedthat……——F。\"
3。
\"FREYBERG，16thFebruary，1760。
\"MADAM，——ItistomygreatregretthatIimportuneYourHighnesssooftenwithmyLetters。Yourbounties，Madam，havespoiledme；——itwillteachyoutobemorecharyofthemtoothers。IregardyouasanestimableFriend，towhosefriendshipIhaverecourseinstraits。ThequestionisstillPeace，Madam；andwerenottheobjectofmyimportunitiessobeautiful，Madam，Ishouldbeinexcusable。\"——Goesthenintopracticalconsiderations，about\"Cocceji\"（King’sAide—de—Camp，onceKeith’s，whocarriesthisLetter），abouta\"HerrvonEdelsheim，\"a\"BaillideFroulay\"，andthepossible\"ConditionsofPeace，\"——notofconsequencetousjustnow。[OEuvresdeFrederic，xviii。174，173，172。Correspondenceonthissubjectlastsfrom22dSeptember，1759，to8thMay，1760:IB。pp。170—186。InthatfinalLetterof8thMayisthephrase，hardlyworthrestoringtoitsrealownership，thoughthecontextconsiderablyredeemsitthere，——\"theprejudiceIcan’tgetridof，that，inwar，DIEUESTPOURLESGROSESCADRONS。\"]
AstoVoltaireagain，andthenewFriedrich—VoltaireStyleofCorrespondence，somethingmoreofdetailwillberequisite。
Eversincetheblackdaysof1757，whenpoorWilhelmina，withRossbachandLeuthenstillhiddenfromherinafuturegloomyasdeath，desperatelybroughtVoltairetobearuponCardinalTencininthismatter，withoutsuccess，therehasbeenakindofregularcorrespondingbetweenVoltaireandFriedrich；characteristiconbothsides。ApairofLovershopelesslyestrangedanddivorced；
andyet，inasense，uniqueandpricelesstooneanother。ThePast，fullofheavenlyradiances，whichissued，alas，inflamesandsootyconflagrationsasofErebus，——letusforgetit，andbetaughtbyit！ThePastispainful，andhasbeentoodidactictosomeofus:
butherestillisthePresentwithitsFuture；betterthanblanknothing。Pleasanttohearthesoundofthatdivinevoiceofmylovedone，wereitonlyincommonplaceremarksontheweather，——
perhapsintermixedwithsecretgibingsonmyself:——letushearitwhilewecan，amidthoseworld—widecrashingdiscordsandpipingwhirlwindsofwar。
FriedrichsendshisnewVersesorlightProses，whichheiseverandanonthrowingoff；Voltairesendshis，mostlyinprint，andofmoreelaborateturn:theytalkonmattersthatarepassingroundthem，roundthisKing，thecentreofthem，——Friedrichusuallyinaratherswaggeringway（lesthisCorrespondentthinkofblabbing），andalwayswithsomethingofbanteraudibleinhim；——ashasVoltairetoo，butinafinerTREBLEtone，beingalwaysfemaleinthisprettyduetofpartedlovers。Itrarelycomestoanyscoldingbetweenthem；butthereisorcanbenothingofcordiality。
Nothing，exceptinthemutualadmiration，whichoneperceivestobesincereonbothsides；andalso，inthemutualpracticalestrangement:\"Nothingmoreofyou，——especiallyofYOU，Madam，——asapracticaldomesticarticle！\"
Afterlongreading，withHistoricalviews，inthisfinalsectionoftheFriedrich—VoltaireCorrespondence，atfirstsobarrenotherwiseandoflittleentertainment，onefindsthatthistoo，whenonceyouCAN\"read\"it（thatistosay，whenthesceneanditsdetailsarevisibletoyou），becomeshighlydramatic，Shakspearean—comicormore，forthisisNature’sself，whofarexcelsevenShakspeare；——
andthattheinextricablydarkconditionoftheseLettersisareallosstotheingenuousreader，andespeciallytothestudentofFriedrich。Amongthefrequentlyrecurringtopics，onethatoftenestturnsuponVoltaire’ssideisthatofPeace:Oh，ifyourMajestywouldbutmakePeace！Doesitdependonme？thinksFriedrichalways；andis，atlast，onceprovokedtosayso:——
FRIEDRICHTOVOLTAIRE。
\"REICH—HENNERSDORF，2dJuly，1759，[shortlybeforeSchmottseifen，whilewaitingDaun’sslowmovements]。
\"AskingMEforPeace:thereisabitterjoke！——[Inverse，this；
flingsoffahandfulofcrackersontheBIEN—AIME，whoseChamberlainyouare，ontheHONGROISEQUI’ILADORE，ontheRussianQUEJ’ABHORRE；——thencontinuesinprose]:
\"Itistohim，\"theWell—belovedLouis，\"thatyoumustaddressyourself，ortohisAmboiseinPetticoats[hisPompadour，actingtheCardinal—Premieronthisoccasion]。Butthesepeoplehavetheirheadsfilledwithambitiousprojects:thesepeoplearethedifficulty；theywishtobethesovereignarbitersofsovereigns；——
andthatiswhatpersonsofmywayofthinkingwillbynomeansputupwith。IlovePeacequiteasmuchasyoucouldwish；butIwantitgood，solidandhonorable。SocratesorPlatowouldhavethoughtasIdoonthissubject，hadtheyfoundthemselvesplacedintheaccursedpositionwhichisnowmineintheworld。
\"Thinkyouthereisanypleasureinleadingthisdogofalife[CHIENNE，she—dog]？Inseeingandcausingthebutcheryofpeopleyouknownothingof；inlosingdailythoseyoudoknowandlove；
inseeingperpetuallyyourreputationexposedtothecapricesofchance；inpassingyearafteryearindisquietudesandapprehensions；inrisking，withoutend，yourlifeandyourfortune？
\"Iknowrightwellthevalueoftranquillity，thesweetsofsociety，thecharmsoflife；andIlovetobehappy，asmuchasanybodywhatever。ButmuchasIdesiretheseblessings，Iwillnotpurchasethembybasenessesandinfamies。Philosophyenjoinsustodoourduty；faithfullytoserveourCountry，atthepriceofourblood，ofourrepose，andofeverysacrificethatcanberequiredofus。TheillustriousZADIGwentthroughagoodmanyadventureswhichwerenottohistaste，CANDIDEthelike；andneverthelesstooktheirmisfortuneinpatience。Whatfinerexampletofollowthanthatofthoseheroes？
\"Takemyword，our’curtjackets，’asyoucallthem[HABITS
ECOURTES，peculiartothePrussiansoldieratthattime]，areasgoodasyourredheels，astheHungarianpelisses，andthegreenfrocksoftheRoxelans[Russians]。Weareactuallyontheheelsofthelatter[atleastpoorDohnais，andpoorDictatorWedellwillbe，notwiththeeffectanticipated！]——whobytheirstupiditiesgiveusfinechance。YouwillseeIshallgetoutofthescrapethisYeartoo，anddelivermyselfbothfromtheGreensandtheDirty—Whites[Austriancolorofcoat]。MyneighboroftheSacredHat，——Ithink，inspiteofHolyFather’sbenediction，theHolyGhostmusthaveinspiredhimthereverseway；heseemstohaveagreatdealofleadinhisbottom……F。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。53。]
VOLTAIREINANSWER。
\"THEDELICES，\"guessedtobesometimein\"August，1759。\"
\"Inwhateverstateyouare，itisverycertainthatyouareagreatman。ItisnottowearyyourMajestythatInowwrite；itistoconfessmyself，——onconditionyouwillgivemeabsolution！
Ihavebetrayedyou；thatisthefact\"——（reallyguiltythistime，andHAVEshownsomethingofyourwriting；asyourMajesty，ohhowunjustly，isoftensuspectingthatIdo，andwithmischievousintention，insteadofgood，ah，Sire！）——Infact，Ihavereceivedthatfine\"MARCUS—AURELIUS\"Letter（Letterwehavejustread）；
exquisitePiece，thoughwithbiting\"JUVENAL\"qualitiesinittoo；
andhaveshownit，keepingbackthebitingparts，toabeautifulgillflirtoftheCourt，MINAUDIERE（whoseemstobeaMistressofChoiseul’s），whoishereattendingTissotforherhealth:
MINAUDIEREcharmedwithit；insistsonmysendingtoChoiseul，\"HeadmirestheKingofPrussia，ashedoesallnoblenessandgenius；
sendit！\"AndIdidso；——andlookhere，whatanAnswerfromChoiseul（Answerlost）:andmayitnothaveafineeffect，andperhapsbringPeace——Oh，forgiveme，Sire。ButreadthatNoteofthegreatman。\"Tryifyoucandecipherhiswriting。Onemayhaveveryhonestsentiments，andagreatdealofESPRIT，andyetwritelikeacat……
\"Sire，therewasoncealionandamouse（RAT）；themousefellinlovewiththelion，andwenttopayhimcourt。Thelion，tiredofit，gavehimalittlescrapewithhispaw。Themousewithdrewintohismouse—hole（SOURICIERE）；buthestilllovedthelion；
andseeingonedayanettheywerespreadingouttocatchthelionandkillhim，hegnawedasunderonemeshofit。Sire，themousekissesveryhumblyyourbeautifulclaws，inallsubmissiveness:——hewillneverdiebetweentwoCapuchins，as，atBale，themastiff（DOGUE）ofSt。Malohasdone[27thJulylast]。Hewouldhavewishedtodiebesidehislion。Believethatthemousewasmoreattachedthanthemastiff。\"——V。[OEuvresdeFrederic，
xxiii。59，60。]
TowhichwesawtheAnswer，pairofAnswers，atSagan，inSeptemberlast。ThisNotefromChoiseul，conveyedbyVoltaire，appearstohavebeenthetriflingwell—springfromwhichallthosewide—spreadwatersofNegotiationflowed。Pitt，whenappliedto，onthestrengthofFriedrich’shopesfromthissmallDocumentofChoiseul’s，wasofcourseready，\"HowwelcomeeverychanceofajustPeace！\"andagreedtotheJointDeclarationattheHague；
andtookwhatfarthertroubleIknownot，——probablylesssanguineofsuccessthanFriedrich。Friedrichwasardentlyindustriousintheaffair；hadagreatdealofdevisinganddirectingonit，agreatdealofcorrespondingwithVoltaireandtheDuchess，onlysmallfractionsofwhicharenowleft。Hesearchedout，ortheDuchessofSachsen—Gothadiditforhim，aproperSecretMessengerforParis:SecretMessenger，oneBaronvonEdelsheim，properlyveiled，wastoconsultacertainBaillideFroulay，afriendofFriedrich’sinParis；——whichloyal—heartedBaillididaccordinglyendeavorthere；butmadeoutnothing。Onlymuchvaguetalking；
partofit，ormostofit，subdolousonChoiseul’sside。PittwouldhearofnoPeacewhichdidnotincludePrussiaaswellasEngland:
somesaidthiswasthecauseoffailure；——therealcausewasthatChoiseulneverhadanyseriousintentionofsucceeding。
LightChoiseul，acleverman，butanunwise，ofthesortcalled\"dashing，\"hadentertainedthemattermerelyintheoptativeform，——andwhenitcamenearer，wishedtouseitformakingmischiefbetweenPittandFriedrich，andforwormingoutEdelsheim’ssecrets，ifhehadany，——forwhichreasonhefinallythrewEdelsheimintotheBastilleforafewdays。[OEuvresdeFrederic，v。38—41，detailedaccountoftheAffair。]
AbouttheendofMarchIguessittohavebeenthatChoiseul，bywayofwormingoutpoorEdelsheim’ssecrets，flunghimintotheBastilleforadayortwo。AlreadyinDecemberforegoing，wehaveseenChoiseul’sBlack—ArtistbusyupontheStolenEDITIONofFriedrich’sVerses。AChoiseulfullofintrigues；adroitenough，ambitiousenough；restlesslyindustriousinmakingmischief，iftherewerenothingelsetobemade；whogreatlydisgustedFriedrich，nowandafterwards。
AndthiswaswhatthegrandVoltairePacificationcameto，thoughitfilledtheworldwithtemporarynoise，andwassointerestingtoVoltaireandanother。Whataheart—affectinggenerosity，humilityanddulcetpathosinthatofthepoorMousegnawingasunderameshoftheLion’snet！Thereisagooddealofthatthroughout，ontheVoltaireside，——thatistosay，whilewritingtoFriedrich。
Butwhilewritingofhim，tothirdparties，sometimesalmostsimultaneously，thecontrastofstylesisnotalittlestartling；
andthebeautifulaffectionatelychirpingMouseisseensuddenlytobeaninjuredWild—catwithitsfurup。AllreadersofVoltaireareawareofthis；andhowVoltairehandleshis\"LUC\"（mysteriousnicknameforKINGFRIEDRICH），whenLuc’sbackisturned。Foralas，thereisnomanorthingbuthasitswrongsidetoo；leastofall，aVoltaire，——doingTREBLEvoicewithal，ifyouconsiderit，insuchaDuetofestrangedLovers！SupposewegivethesefewSpecimens，——
treblemostly，andafewofbassaswell，——toillustratethenatureofthisDuet，andofthenoisesthatwentonroundit，inawar—
convulsedworld？Andfirstofall，concerningtheenigma\"WhatisLuc？\"
WhattheLUCinVoltaireis？Shockingexplanationshavebeenhitupon:butWagniere（WAGNER，anintelligentSwissman），Voltaire’soldSecretary，givesthisplainreadingoftheriddle:\"M。deVoltairehad，atTheDelices[nearbyFerney，tilltheChateaugotbuilt]，abigApe，ofexcessivelymischievousturn；whousedtothrowstonesatthepassers—by，andsometimeswouldattackwithitsteethfriendorfoealike。OnedayitthriceoverbitM。deVoltaire’sownleg。HehadcalleditLUC（Luke）；andinconversationwithselectfriends，asalsoinLetterstosuch，hesometimesdesignatedtheKingofPrussiabythatnickname:’HEislikemyLuchere；biteswhoevercaresseshim！’——In1756M。deVoltaire，havingstillonhishearttheFrankfurtOutrage，wrotecuriousMEMOIRES[ah，yes，VIEPRIVEE]；andafterwardswishedtoburnthem；butaCopyhadbeenstolenfromhimin1768，\"——andtheystillafflictthepoorworld。
TothesameeffectspeaksJohannesvonMuller:\"VoltairehadanApecalledLuc；andthespitefulman，inthusnamingtheKing，meanttostigmatizehimasthemereAPEofgreatermen；asonewithoutanygreatnessofhisown。\"——No；LUCwasmischievous，flungstonesafterpassengers；had，accordingtoClogenson，\"bittenVoltairehimself，whilebeingcaressedbyhim；\"thatwastheanalogyinVoltaire’smind。Preusssays，thisNicknamefirstoccurs\"12thDecember，1757。\"Suppose11thDecembertohavebeenthedayofgettingone’slegbittenthriceover；andthat，inbednextmorning，——stiff，smarting，fretfulagainstthesadape—tricksandoffencesofthislife，——beforegettinguptoone’sWorksandCorrespondences，theangrysimilitudehadshot，slightlyfulgurousandconsolatory，athwartthegloomofone’smood？[LongchampetWagniere
Memoires，i。34；JohannesvonMuller，Works（12mo，Stuttgard，1821），xxxi。140（LETTERSTOHIS
BROTHER，No，218，\"July，1796\"）；Clogenson’sNote，in
OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxvii。103；Preuss，ii。71。]
ThatwillaccountforLuc。
ManyoftheVoltaire—FriedrichLETTERSarelost；andtheremainderlieinsaddisorderinalltheEditions，theirsequenceunintelligiblewithoutlengthyexplanation。SothatthefollowingSnatchescannotwellbearrangedhereinthewayofChoralStropheandAntistrophe，aswouldhavebeendesirable。Weshallhavetogroupthemlooselyunderheads；withlessrespecttodatethantosubject—matter，andtothereader’sconvenienceforunderstandingthem。
VOLTAIREONFRIEDRICH，TODIFFERENTTHIRD—PARTIES，DURINGTHISWAR。
TOD’ARGENTAL（HasnotyetheardofLEUTHEN，whichhappenedfivedaysbefore）……\"IhavetastedthevengeanceofconsolingtheKingofPrussia，andthatisenoughforme。Hegoesbeatingontheoneside，andgettingbeatenontheother:exceptforanothermiracle[likeRossbach]，hewillberuined。Betterhavereallybeenaphilosopher，ashepretendedtobe。\"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxvii。139（\"TheDelices，10thDecember，1757\"）。]
TOTHEREVERENDCOMTEDEBERNIS（outwardlystillourflourishingPrime—Minister，bygraceofPompadour，butsoontobeextinguishedunderaRedHat。DateissixdaysbeforeZORNDORF）……\"IcannotimaginehowsomepeoplehavegoneintosuspectingthatmyheartmighthavetheweaknesstoleanalittletowardsWHOMyouknow，towardsmyIngratethatwas！Oneisboundtohavepoliteness；
butonehasmemoryaswell；——andoneisattached，aswarmlyassuperfluously，totheGoodCause，whichitbelongsonlytoyoutodefend。Certainitis，poorIamnotlikethethree—fourthsoftheGermansinthesedays[sinceROSSBACH，aboveall]！IhaveeverywhereseenLadies’—fanswiththePrussianEaglepaintedonthem，eatingtheFLEUR—DE—LIS；theHanoverHorsegivingakicktoM。deRichelieu’sbottom；aCouriercarryingabottleofQueen—of—
HungaryWatertoMadamedePompadour。MyNiecesshallcertainlynothavethatfashionofFans，atmypoorlittleDELICES，whitherIamjustreturning。\"[Ib。lxxvii。35（\"Soleure，19thAugust，1758\"）。]
TOMADAMED’ARGENTAL（onoccasionofMINDEN:Kunersdorfthreedaysago，butnotyetheardof）……\"Truly，Madame，whenM。deContadesleadstothebutcheryallthedescendantsofourancientchevaliers，andsetsthemtoattackeightypiecesofcannon[notintheleast，ifyouknewit；thereverse，ifyouknewit]，——asDonQuixotedidthewindmills！Thishorribledaypiercesmysoul。IamFrenchtoexcess，especiallysincethosenewfavors[notworthmentioninghere]，whichIowetomydivineAngelsandtoM。leDucdeChoiseul。
\"Luc——youknowwhoLucis[asdowe]——isprobablygivingBattletotheAustriansandRussians[KUNERSDORF，12th；threedaysago，didit，andwasbeatentoyourmind]，atthemomentwhileIhavethehonorofwritingtoyou；atleast，hetoldmesuchwashisRoyalintention。Iftheybeathim，asmayhappen，whatashameforustohavebeenbeatenbytheDukeofBrunswick！IwishyouknewthisDuke[asIhavedone；aDukeofnoESPRIT，nogiftoftongue，infactnotalentatallthatIcoulddiscern]，youwouldbemuchastonished；andwouldsay，’Thepeoplewhomhebeatsmustbegreatblockheads。’Thetruthofthefactis，thatallthesetroopsarebetterdisciplinedthanours:\"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii，186，187（\"Delices，15thAugust，1759\"）。]——Yesindeed，myesteemedVoltaire；andalso，perhaps，thatESPRIT，orgiftoftongue，isnotthesolegiftforBattlesandCampaigns？——
TOD’ARGENTAL（seventhdayafterKUNERSDORF:\"mouseuponlion’snet\"nearlycontemporaneous）。\"Atlast，then，IthinkmyRussiansmustbenearGreatGlogau[mighthavebeen，onethinks，aftersuchaKunersdorf；didnotstartforamonthyet；nevercouldgetverynearatall]。WhowouldhavethoughtthatBarberina[Mackenzie’sDanceronce；senttoGlogau，Coccejiandshe，whentheirmarriagebecamepublic}wasgoingtobebesiegedbytheRussians，andinGlogau:ODestiny！——
\"Idon’tloveLuc，farfromit:IneverwillpardonhimhisinfamousprocedurewithmyNiece[atFrankfurtthattime]；northefacehehastowritemeflatteringthingstwiceamonth；
withouthavingeverrepairedhiswrongs。Idesiremuchhisentirehumiliation，thechastisementofthesinner；whetherhiseternaldamnation。Idon’tquiteknow。\"[Ib。lxxviii。195（\"19thAugust，1759\"）。]（Hear，hear！）
TOTHESAME（amonthafterMAXEN:\"Peace\"Negotiationverylively）……\"Meanwhile，ifLuccouldbepunishedbeforethishappyPeace！
If，bythislaststrokeofGeneralBeck[tusslewithDiereckeatMeissen，4thDecember，captureofDiereckeand1，500；strokenotofanoverwhelmingnature，butletusbethankfulforourmercies]，whichhasopenedtheroadfromtheLausitztoBerlin[alas，notintheleast]，someHaddickcouldpayBerlinavisitagain！Yousee，inTragedyIwishalwaystohavecrimepunished。
\"ThereistalkofagreatBattlefoughtthe6th[notawordoftruthinit]betweenLucandhimoftheConsecratedHat:saidtohavebeenverymurderous。IinterestmyselfverymuchinthisPiece\"nowplayingundertheSun。\"WhenevertheAustrianshaveanyadvantage，KaunitzsaystoMadamedeBentinck[litigantwanderingLady，knowntomeatBerlinandelsewhere]，’WritethattoourFriendVoltaire。’WheneverLuchastheleastsuccess，hetellsme，’Ihavebatteredtheoppressorsofmankind。DearAngel，inthesehorrorsIamtheonlyonethathasroomtolaugh:——andyetIdon’tlaugheither；owingtotheCULS—NOIRS[basecrockery；one’sDinnerPlateallvanished[Supra，p。374。]]，totheAnnuities，Lotteries，andtoPondicherry，——forIamalwaysafraidaboutthatlatter！\"
（Going，that，forcertain；going，gone，andyourEastIndiesalongwithit！）[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii。346
（\"22dDecember，1759\"）。]
TOPERPETUALSECRETARYFORMEY（inforwardinga\"Letterleftwithme\"）。\"Healthandpeace，Monsieur；andbeSECRETAIREETERNEL。
YourKingisalwaysamanunique，astonishing，inimitable。Hemakescharmingverses，intimeswhenanothercouldnotwritealineofprose；hedeservestobehappy:butwillhebeso？Andifnot，whatbecomesofyou？Formyownpart，IwillnotdiebetweentwoCapuchins。Hardlyworthwhile，exaltingone’ssoulforsuchafutureasthat。Whatastupidanddetestablefarcethisworldis！\"
[Ib。lxxviii。348（fromSOUVENIRSD’UNCITOYEN，i。302），\"11thJanuary1760。\"]
TOD’ARGENTAL（\"Peace\"Negotiationsstillattheirbriskest），……
\"But，mydearAngel，youwillseeonTuesdaythegreatmanwhohasturnedmyhead（DONTJESUISFOU），M。leDucdeChoiseul。
TheLettershehonorsmewithenchantme。Godwillblesshim，don’tdoubtit，\"——afterall！\"WehaveatPondicherryaLally，adevilofanIrishspirit，——whowillcostme，soonerorlater，above20，000
livresannually[haverentsinourINDIACOMPANY，say1，000poundsayear，asmyAngelsknow]，whichusedtobethereadiestitemofmyPittance。ButM。leDucdeChoiseulwilltriumphoverLucinonewayorother；thenwhatjoy！Isupposeheshowsyoumyimpertinentreveries。Doyouknow，Lucissomad，thatIdon’tdespairofbringinghimtoreason[persuadinghimtogiveupCleve，andknuckleasheshould，inthisPeaceAffair]。ThatwerewhatI
shouldcallthetrueComedy！IshouldliketohaveyouradvicesontheconductofthatDramaticPiece。\"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii。375（\"Delices，15thFebruary，1760\"）。]
Thelate\"mouse\"gnawingitsmeshofnet，whatasubtleandmightyhunterhasitgrown！ThisofCleve，however，andofknuckling，wouldnotdo。HearthestiffAnswerthatcomes:\"’ConditionsofPeace，’doyoucallthem？ThepeoplethatproposesuchcanhavenowishtoseePeace。Whatalogictheirs！’ImightyieldtheCountryofCleve，becausetheinhabitantsarestupid’！WhatwouldyourMinisterssayifonerequiredtheProvinceofChampagnefromthem，becausetheProverbsays，Ninety—ninesheepandoneChampagnermakeaHundredheadofcattle？\"[FriedrichtoVoltaire，\"Freyberg，3dApril，1760:\"OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。
73，74。]
FAULTONCDISC——REFERENCE/FOOTNOTEILLEGIBLE——P。394—BOOKXIX————
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
AGAINTOD’ARGENTAL（threeorfourmonthsafter；Luchavingprovedobstinate，andstillunsuccessful）……\"Iconjureyoumakeuseofallyoureloquencetotellhim[thesupremeDucdeChoiseul]，thatifLucmisgo，itwillbenomisfortunetoFrance。ThatBrandenburgwillalwaysremainanElectorate；thatitisgoodtherebenoElectorinitstrongenoughtodowithouttheprotectionofourKing；andthatallthePrincesoftheEmpirewillalwayshaverecoursetothataugustprotection（MostChristianMajesty’s]
CONTRAL’AQUILAGRIFAGNA，——werethePrussianKingshipbutabolished。Notabene，ifLucwerediscomfitedthisYear，weshouldhavePeacenextWinter。\"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxix。110（\"July，1760\"）。]
TOSUPREMECHOISEUL（ayearlater）……\"Hehasbeenabadman，thisLuc；andnow，ifoneweretobet，——bythelawofprobabilityitwouldbe3to1thatLncwillgotopot（SERAPERDU），withhisrhymingsandhisbanterings，andhisinjusticesandpolitics，allasbadashimself。\"[Ib。lxxx。313（\"ChateaudeFerney，13thJuly，1761\"）。]
VOLTAIREONSURROUNDINGOBJECTS，CHIEFLYONMAUPERTUIS，ANDTHEBATTLES。
TOD’ALEMBERT（intheRossbach—Leutheninterval:ontheBattleofBRESLAU，22dNovember，1757；calledbytheAustrians\"aMalplaquet，\"andbelievedbyVoltairetobeaMalplaquetandmore）……\"TheAustriansdoavengeus，andhumbleus[us，andourmiserableRossbachs]，inaterriblemanner。ThirteenattacksonthePrussianintrenchments，lastedsixhours；neverwasVictorybloodier，ormorehorriblybeautiful[inthebrainofcertainmen]。
WeprettyFrenchfellows，wearemoreexpeditious，ourjobisdoneinfiveminutes。TheKingofPrussiaisalwayswritingmeVerses，nowlikeadesperado，nowlikeahero；andasforme，Itrytolivelikeaphilosopherinmyhermitage。Hehasobtainedwhathealwayswished:tobeattheFrench，tobeadmiredbythem，tomockthem；
buttheAustriansaremockinghiminaveryseriousway。OurshameofNovember5thhasgivenhimglory；andwithsuchglory，whichisbuttransientanddearlybought，hemustcontenthimself。HewilllosehisownCountries，withthosehehasseized，unlesstheFrenchagaindiscover[whichtheywill]thesecretoflosingalltheirArmies，astheydidin1741。\"[Ib。Lxxvii。133，134（\"Delices，6thDecember，1757，\"dayafterLeuthen）。]
——FAULTONCDISCASABOVE——P。395BOOKXIX———————
TOCLAIRAUT，THEMATHEMATICIAN（Maupertuislatelydead）。AnexcellentTreatise，thisyouhavesentme，Monsieur！\"YourwarwiththeGeometersonthesubjectofthisCometappearstomelikeawarofthegodsinOlympus，whileonEarththereisgoingonafightofdogsandcats……WouldtoHeavenourfriendMoreau—Maupertuishadcultivatedhisartlikeyou！Thathehadpredictedcomets，insteadofexaltinghissoultopredictthefuture；ofdissectingthebrainsofgiantstoknowthenatureofthesoul；ofjapanningpeoplewithpitchtocurethemofeverymalady；ofpersecutingKonig；andofdyingbetweenTwoCapuchins\"（deadthreeweeksago，onthoseterms，poorsoul）！[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii。191（\"Delices，19thAugust，1759\"）。]
TOD’ALEMBERT（aweeklater）……\"WhatsayyouofMaupertuisdyingbetweenTwoCapuchins！Hewasill，thislongwhile，ofarepletionofpride；butIhadnotreckonedhimeitherahypocriteoranimbecile。Idon’tadviseyouevertogoandfillhisplaceatBerlin；youwouldrepentthat。IamAstolphowarningRoger（Ruggiero）nottotrusthimselftotheEnchantressAlcina；butRogerwasunadvisable。\"[Ib。lxxviii。197（\"Delices，25thAugust，1759\"）。]
TOTHESAME（twoyearslater:Luc，oncertaingrounds，mayaswellbesaved）。\"WithregardtoLuc，thoughIhavemyjustcausesofangeragainsthim，Iowntoyou，inmyqualityofFrenchmanandthinkingbeing，IamgladthatacertainmostOrthodoxHousehasnotswallowedGermany，andthattheJesuitsarenotconfessinginBerlin。OvertowardstheDanubesuperstitionisverypowerful……
TheINFAME——YouarewellawarethatIspeakofsuperstitiononly；
forastotheChristianreligion，Irespectandloveit，likeyou。
Courage，Brethren！Preachwithforce，andwritewithaddress:
Godwillblessyou。——Protect，youmyBrother，theWidowCalasallyoucan！Sheisapoorweak—mindedHuguenot，butherHusbandwasthevictimoftheWHITEPENITENTS。ItistheconcernofHumanNaturethattheFanaticsofToulousebeconfounded。\"（ThecaseofCalas，SECONDactofit，gettingonthescene:acasestillmemorabletoeverybody。StupendousbitofFrenchjudicature；andVoltaire’snoblestoutburst，intomeretranscendentblazeofpity，virtuouswrath，anddeterminationtobringrescueandhelpagainstthewholeworld。）[OEuvresdeVoltaire，
lxxviii。52，53（\"Ferney，28thNovember，1762\"）。]
FRIEDRICHTOVOLTAIRE，BEFOREANDDURINGTHESEPEACENEGOTIATIONS。
ATSCHMOTTSEIFEN，FIVEDAYSBEFOREZULLICHAU，TENDAYSBEFORETHAT
HUNTOFLOUDONANDHADDICK（Voltaire，underrebukeforindiscretion，hasbeenwhimperingalittle。MydiscreetNieceburntthoseLASTverses，Sire；nodangerthere，atleast！TruculentBishopSomething—ACtriedtoattackyourMajesty；butwasdoneforbyacertainperson）。Friedrichanswers:\"Intruth，youareasingularcreature。WhenIthinkofscoldingyou，yousaytwowords，andthereproachexpires。Impossibletoscoldyou，evenwhenyoudeserveit……
\"AstoyourNiece，letherburnmeorroastme，Icarelittle。
NorareyoutothinkmesosensitivetowhatyourBishopsinICorinACmaysayofme。Ihavethelotofallactorswhoplayinpublic；applaudedbysome，despisedbyothers。Onemustprepareoneselfforsatires，forcalumnies，foramultitudeoflies，whichwillbesentabroadintocurrencyagainstone:butneedthattroublemytranquillity？Igomyroad；Idonothingagainsttheinteriorvoiceofmyconscience；andIconcernmyselfverylittleinwhatwaymyactionspaintthemselvesinthebrainofbeings，notalwaysverythinking，withtwolegsandwithoutfeathers。\"
[\"Schmottseifen，18thJuly，1759；\"OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。55，56。]
ATWILSDRUF，JUSTBEFOREMAXEN（anexultantexuberantcuriousLetter；toolongforinsertion，——partofitgivenabove）……
\"ForyourTragedyofSOCRATE，thanks。AtParistheyaregoingtoburnit，thewretchedfools，——notawarethatabsurdfanaticismistheirdominantvice。Betterburnthedoseofmedicine，however，thantheusefulDoctor。I，canIjoinmyselftothatset？IfIbiteyou，asyoucomplain，itiswithoutmyknowledge。ButIamsurroundedwithenemies，onehittingme，anotherprickingme，anotherdaubingmewithmud；——patienceatlastyields，andonefliesabroadintoageneralrage，tooindiscriminateperhaps。\"
YoutalkofmyVersesonRossbach（myADIEUTOTHEHOOPERSonfindingtheirBridgeburnt[Supra，p。21。]）。\"ThisCampaignIhavehadnobeatificvision，inthestyleofMoses。ThebarbarousCossacksandTartars，infamoustolookatonanyside，haveburntandravagedcountries，andcommittedatrociousinhumanities。
ThisisallIsawofTHEM。Suchmelancholyspectaclesdon’ttendtoraiseone’sspirits。[Breaksoffintometre:]LAFORTUNE
INCONSTANTEETFIERE，Fortuneinconstantandproud。DoesnottreathersuitorsAlwaysinanequalmanner。Thosefoolscalledheroes，whorunthecountry，Cesfousnommesheros，etquicourentleschamps，Couvertsdesangetdepoussiere，Voltaire，n’ontpastouslesansLafaceurdevoirlederriereDeleursennemisinsolents。
Can’texpectthatpleasureeveryyear\"！……
Maupertuis，sayyou？\"Don’ttroubletheashesofthedead；letthegraveatleastputanendtoyourunjusthatreds。ReflectthatevenKingsmakepeaceafterlongbattling；cannotyouevermakeit？
Ithinkyouwouldbecapable，likeOrpheus，ofdescendingtoHell，nottosoftenPlutoandbringbackyourbeautifulEmilie，buttopursueintothatAbodeofWoeanenemywhomyourwrathhasonlytoomuchpersecutedintheworld:forshame！\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。61—65（\"Wilsdruf，17thNovember，1759\"）。]——andrebukeshim，morethanonceelsewhere，inveryseriousterms。
INWINTER—QUARTERS，ONPEACEANDTHESTOLENEDITION。（Startsinverse，whichweabridge:）WithhowmanylaurelsyouhavecoveredyourselfinallthefieldsofLiterature！OnelaurelyetiswantingtothebrowofVoltaire。If，asthecrownofsomanyperfectworks，hecouldbyaskilfulmanoeuvrebringbackPeace，I，andEuropewithme，wouldthinkthathismasterpiece！[Takestoprose:]
\"ThisismythoughtandallEurope’s。VirgilmadeasfineVersesasyou；buthenevermadeaPeace。ItwillbeadistinctionyouwillhaveoverallyourbrethrenofParnassus，ifyousucceed。
\"Iknownotwhohasbetrayedme，andthoughtofprinting[theEDITION；——notyou，surely！]apackofrhapsodieswhichweregoodenoughtoamusemyself，butwerenevermeantforpublication。
Afterall，Iamsousedtotreacheriesandbadmanoeuvres，\"——whatmattersthisinsignificantone？
\"IknownotwhotheBredowis[whomyouspeakofhavingmet]；
buthehastoldyoutrue。Theswordanddeathhavemadefrightfulravagesamongus。Andtheworstis，wearenotyetattheendofthetragedy。Youmayjudgewhateffectthesecruelshocksmadeonme。Iwrapmyselfinmystoicism，thebestIcan。Fleshandbloodrevoltagainstsuchtyrannouscommand；butitmustbefollowed。
Ifyousawme，youwouldscarcelyknowmeagain:Iamold，broken，gray—headed，wrinkled；Iamlosingmyteethandmygayety:ifthisgoon，therewillbenothingofmeleft，butthemaniaofmakingverses，andaninviolableattachmenttomydutiesandtothefewvirtuousmenwhomIknow。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。69（\"Freyberg，24thFeb。1760\"）。]
INWINTER—QUARTERS，AMONTHLATER（comesstillon\"Peace\"again）……\"Iwillhaveyoupaidthatbitofdebt[perhapsofpostageorthelike]，thatLouisoftheMill（LouisduMoulin，\"atFontenoy，whogotuponaWindmillwithhisDauphin，andcaughtthatnicknamefromthecommonmen）\"mayhavewherewithaltomakewaronme。
Addtenth—pennytaxtoyourtaxoftwentieth—penny；imposenewcapitations，maketitularofficestogetmoney；do，inaword，whateveryoulike。Inspiteofallyourefforts，youwillnotgetaPeacesignedbymyhands，exceptonconditionshonorabletomyNation。Yourpeople，blownupwithself—conceitandfolly，maydependonthesewords。Adieu，livehappy；andwhileyoumakeallyoureffortstodestroyPrussia，thinkthatnobodyhaslessdeserveditthanI，eitherofyouorofyourFrench。\"[Ib。xxiii。
72（\"Freyberg，20thMarch，1760\"）。]
STILLINWINTER—QUARTERS（on\"Peace\"still；butbeginswith\"Maupertuis，\"whichisallwewillgive）。\"WhatrageanimatesyouagainstMaupertuis？YouaccuseHIMofhavingpublishedthatFurtiveEDITION。KnowthathisCopy，wellsealedbyhim，arrivedhereafterhisdeath，andthathewasincapableofsuchanindiscretion。
[Breaksintoverse:]
LeaveinpeacethecoldashesofMaupertuis:
Truthcandefendhim，andwill。
Hissoulwasfaithfulandnoble:
HepardonedyouthatscandalousAkakia（CEVILLIBELLE
QUEVOTREFUREURCRIMINELLE
PRITSOINCHEZMOIDEGRIFFONER）；hedid:——
Andyou？ShameonsuchdeliriumasVoltaire’s！
What，thisbeautiful，what，thisgrandgenius，WhomIadmiredwithtransport，Soilshimselfwithcalumny，andisferociousonthedead？
Flockingtogether，intheairutteringcriesofjoy，Vileravenspouncedownuponsepulchres，Andmaketheirpreyofcorpses:\"——
Blush，repent，alas！
TheseSpecimenswillsuffice。\"TheKingofPrussia？\"Voltairewouldsometimessay:\"HeisaspotentandasmalignantastheDevil；
butheisalsoasunhappy，notknowingfriendship，\"——havingsuchachance，too，withsomeofus！
FRIEDRICHHASSENTLORDMARISCHALTOSPAIN:OTHERFONDHOPESOFFRIEDRICH’S。
InthebeginningofthisYear，1759，EarlMarischalhadbeencalledoutofhisNeufchatelstagnancy，andlaunchedintotheDiplomaticfieldagain；sentonmissionintoSpain，namely。Thecasewasthis:
FerdinandVI。ofSpain（hewhowouldnotpayFriedrichtheoldSpanishdebt，butsenthimmerinorams，andajarofQueen—Dowagersnuff）hadfallenintooneofhisgloomyfits，andwasthoughttobedying；——did，infact，die，inastatenearlymad，onthe10thAugustfollowing。ByTreatyofAix—la—Chapelle，andbyallmannerofTreaties，CarlosofNaples，hisHalf—Brother（Termagant’sBabyCarlos，whomweallknew），wastosucceedhiminSpain；DonPhilip，thenextBrother，nowofParmaandPiacenza，wastofollowasKinginNaples，——cedingthosetwolitigiousDuchiestoAustria，afterall。Friedrich，vividlyawaketoeverychance，foresaw，incaseofsuchdisjuncturesinItaly，goodlikelihoodofquarrelthere。
AndhasdespatchedtheexperiencedoldMarischaltobeontheground，andhavehiseyesopen。MarischalknowsSpainverywell；
andhasoftensaid，\"Heleftadearoldfriendthere，theSun。\"
Marischalwasunderway，aboutNew—year’stime；butlingeredbytheroad，waitinghowFerdinandwouldturn，——andhavingwithalanimportantbusinessofhisown，ashesaunteredon。Didnotarrive，Ithink，tillSummerwasathand，andhisdearOldFriendcomingoutinvigor。
August10th，1759，Ferdinanddied；andthesamedayCarlosbecameKingofSpain。But，insteadofgivingNaplestoDonPhilip，CarlosgaveittoajuniorSonofhisown；andleftpoorPhiliptocontenthimselfwithParmaandPiacenza，asheretofore。ClearagainsttherightsofAustria；TreatyofAix—la—Chapelleisperfectlyexplicitonthatpoint！WillnotAustriavindicateitsclaim？Politicianssay，AustriamighthaverecoverednotonlyParmaandPiacenza，butthekingdomofNaplesitself，——noFranceatpresentabletohinderit，noSpaineverable。ButAustria，contrarytoexpectation，wouldnot:aCountrytenaciousenoughofitsrights，realandimaginary；
greedyenoughofItaly，butofSilesiamuchmore！ThematterwasdeliberatedinCouncilatVienna；buttheresultwasmagnanimously，No。\"FinishthisFriedrichfirst；finishthisSilesia。Nothingelsetillthat！\"
TheMarischal’slegationaryfunction，therefore，provedasinecure；
noCarlosneedingAnti—AustrianassistancefromFriedrichoranother；Austriamagnanimouslyhavinglethimalone。DoubtlessaconsiderabledisappointmenttoFriedrich。IndustriousFriedrichhadtried，ontheothersideofthisaffair，WhethertheKingofSardinia，onceanadventurousfightingkindofman，couldnotbestirredup，havinginterestsinvolved？Butno；hetoo，grownold，devotional，apprehensive，heldbyhisrosaries，andanswered，No。
Hereisagainahopereasonabletolookat，butwhichprovesfallacious。
MarischalcontinuedinSpain，corresponding，sendingnews（thePrussianArchivesaloneknowwhat），fornearlyacoupleofyears。
[Returned\"April，1762\"（Friedrich’sLettertohim，\"10thApril，1762:\"inOEuvresdeFrederic，xx。285）。]
HisEmbassyhadoneeffect，whichisofinteresttoushere。Onhiswayout，hehadgonebyLondon，withaviewofgettinglegalabsolutionforhisJacobitism，——sofar，atleast，astobeabletoinherittheEarldomofKintore，whichislikelytofallvacantsoon。Byblooditishis，weretheJacobiteincapacitieswithdrawn。
KintoreisacadetbranchoftheKeiths；\"John，youngerSonofWilliamSixthLordMarischal，\"wasthefirstKintore。
WilliamSixth’syoungerSon，yes；——andWilliam’sFather，amanalwaysvenerabletome，had（A。D。1593）foundedMarischalCollege，Aberdeen，——where，forafew，inthosesterngraniteCountries，theDivinerPursuitsarestillpossible（thankGodandthisKeith）onfrugaloatmeal。MARISCHAL—COLLEGEKeith，orFIFTHLordMarischal，wasgrandfather’sgrandfatherofourPotsdamFriend，whoistenthandlast。[Douglas’sScotchPeerage，pp。448
etseq。，387etseq。]Honortothebraveandnoble，nowfallensilentunderfootNOTofthenobler！Inaword，thefourthKintorewasaboutdyingchildless；andMarischalhadcomebyLondononthatheritagebusiness。
Hecarried，naturally，thebestrecommendations。BritannicMajesty，Pittandeverybodymethimwithwelcomeandfurtherance；whathewishedwasdone，andinsuchastyleofpromptnessandcordiality，Pittpushingitthrough，asquitegainedtheheartofoldMarischal。Anditisnotdoubted，thoughparticularshavenotbeenpublished，ThathesentimportantSpanishnoticestoPitt，intheseyears；—andespeciallyinformedhimthatKingCarlosandtheFrenchBourbonhadsignedaFAMILYCOMPACT（15thAugust，1761），orsolemncovenant，tostandbyoneanotherasbrothers。Whichwasthenceforth，toPittprivately，animportantfact，asperhapsweshallsee；thoughtoothermenitwasstillonlyapainfulrumoranddubiety。WhethertheoldMarischalinformedhim，ThatKingCarloshatedtheEnglish；thatheneverhad，inhisroyalmind，forgiventhatinsultofCommodoreMartin’s（watchlaidonthetable，intheBayofNaples，longago），Idonotknow；butthatalsowasafact。Adiligent，indignantkindofman，thisCarlos，Iamtold；bynomeansanundeservingKingofSpain，thoughhisPortraitsdeclarehimanugly:wewillleavehiminthediscreetMarischal’shands，withthedearOldFriendshiningequallyonboth。
Singulartoseehow，insoveraciousanintellectasFriedrich’s，somanyfallaciesofhopeareconstantlyentertained。WarinItaly，onquarrelwithKingCarlos；PeacewithFranceandthePompadour，byhelpofEdelsheimandtheBaillideFroulay；PeacewithRussiaandtheINFAMECATIN，byhelpofEnglishbriberies（FriedrichsentanagentthiswinterwithplentyofEnglishguineas，buthegotnofartherthantheFrontier，notallowedeventotry）:sometimes，asagainthiswinter，itishopeofDenmarkjoininghim（inalarmagainsttheRussianviewsonHolstein；butthat，too，comestonothing）；aboveall，thereisperennially，buddingoutyearly，thebrighteraftereverydisappointment，ahopeintheGrandTurkandhisadherencies。GrandTurk，orfailinghim，theChamofTartary，——
forcertain，someofthesewillbegottofastenontheheelsofAustria，ofRussia；andcreateafavorablediversion？
Friedrichtookanimmensedealoftroubleaboutthislatterhope。
Itisalmostpathetictoseewithwhatafondtenacityheclingstoit；andhopesitoveragain，everynewSpringandSummer。
[Preuss，ii。121etseq。，292&c。；Schoning，ii。iii。PASSIM。]
ThehopethatanINFAMECATINmightdiesomeday（forsheisnowdeepinchaoticailments，deepisheveninbrandy）seemsnevertohavestruckhim；atleastthereisnowhereanyarticulatehintofit，——theeagle—flightofone’simaginationsoaringfarabovesuchapettiness！Hopeisverybeautiful；andevenfallacioushope，insuchaFriedrich。Theonehopethatdidnotdeceivehim，washopeinhisownbestexertiontotheverydeath；andnofallacyeverforamomentslackenedhiminthat。Standtothyself:inthewidedomainofImagination，thereisnoothercertaintyofhelp。
Noothercertainty；——andyetwhoknowsthroughwhatpettinessesHeavenmaysendhelp！
ChapterIX。
PRELIMINARIESTOAFIFTHCAMPAIGN。
ItwasApril25thbeforeFriedrichquittedFreyberg，andtookCamp；
nottillthemiddleofJunethatanythingofseriousMovementcame。
MuchdiscouragementprevailsinhisArmy，wehear:andindeed，itmustbeowned，thehoroscopeoftheseCampaignsgrowsyearlydarker。OnlyFriedrichhimselfmustnotbediscouraged！Noris；——
thoughthereseldomlayaheadofanymanamoredangerous—lookingYearthanthisthatisnowdimlyshapingitselftoFriedrich。
Hisfortuneseemstohavequittedhim；hisenemiesaremoreconfidentthanever。
ThisYear，itseems，theyhavebethoughtthemofanewdeviceagainsthim。\"Wehave90millionPopulation，\"countthey；\"hehashardly5；intheend，hemustrunoutofmen！Letusceaseexchangingprisonerswithhim。\"AtJagerndorf，inApril，1758（justbeforeourmarchtoOlmutz），therehadbeenexchange；notwithouthaggles；butthiswasthelastonAustria’spart。Carteloftheusualkind，valuespunctuallysettled:aField—marshalisworth3，000commonmen，or1，500pounds；Colonelworth130men，or65
pounds；commonmanisworth10s。sterling，notahighfigure。
[Archenholtz，ii。53。]TheRussianshaggledstillmore，nokeepingofthemtotheirword；buttheytrieditasecondtime，lastyear（October，1759）；andbycarefulurgingandguiding，weregotdraggedthroughit，andtheprisonersonbothsidessenttotheircolorsagain。Afterwhich，itwasasettledlineofpolicy，\"Nomoreexchangingorcartelling；wewillstarvehimoutinthatarticle！\"AndhadFriedrichhadnothingbuthisown5millionstogoupon，thoughthesecontributedliberally，hehadintruthbeenstarvedout。NorcouldSaxony，withMecklenburg，Anhalt，Erfurt，andtheir10，000menayear，havesuppliedhim，——\"hadnotthere，\"