Friedrichhadnotarrivedabovefour—and—twentyhours，whennewscamein:\"TheAustriansinmovementagain；actuallyrollingoffDresden—wardagain。\"\"Haha，dotheysmellmealready！\"laughedhe:
\"Well，IwillsendDauntotheDevil，\"——notadding，\"ifIcan。\"
Andinstantlyorderedsharppursuit，——andsheerstabbingwiththeox—goad，notsoftanddelicatepricking，asHenri’slately。
[Retzow，ii。168；Tempelhof，iii。306。]Friedrich，infact；wasinafieryconditionagainstDaun:\"Youtrampledonme，youheavybuffalo，thesethreemonths；butthatisovernow！\"——andtookpersonallythevanguardinthispursuit。AndhadabitofhotfightingintheVillageofKorbitz（sceneofthatFinck—Haddick\"Action，\"21stSeptemberlast，andofpoorHaddick’sruin，andretirementtotheWaters）；——wheretheAustriansnowproveveryfierceandobstinate；andwillnotgo，tillwellslashedinto，andtornoutbysheerbeating:——whichwasvisiblyakindofcomforttotheKing’shumor。\"OurPrussiansdostillfight，then，muchasformerly！AnditwasallahideousNightmare，allthat，andDaylightandFactarecome，andFriedrichishimselfagain！\"
TheysayPrinceHenritookthelibertyofcounsellinghim，evenofentreatinghim:\"Leavewellalone；whyrunrisks？\"saidHenri。
Daun，itwasprettyapparent，hadnooutlookatthepresentbutthatofsaunteringhometoBohmen；leavingDresdentobeaneasypreyagain，andhiswholeCampaigntofallfutile，asthelasthad。
UnderHenri’sgentledrivinghewouldhavegoneslower；buthowsalutary，ifheonlywent！ThesewereHenri’sviews:butFriedrichwasnotintheslowhumor；impatienttobeinDresden；\"willbequarteredthereinaweek，\"writeshe，\"andmoreatleisurethannow。\"[\"Wilsdruf，17thNovember，1759，\"andstillmore\"19thNovember，\"FriedrichtoVoltaire。inhighspiritsthatway（OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。66）。]HeisthinkingofLeuthen，ofRossbach，ofCampaign1757，sogloriouslyrestoredafterruin；and，inthefireofhissoul，ishopingtodosomethingsimilarasecondtime。ThatisRetzow’snotion:whoknowsbuttheremaybetruthinit？AproudFriedrich，gotonhisfeetagainaftersuchusage；——nay，whoknowswhetheritwasquitesounwisetobeimpressiveontheslowrhinoceros，andtrytofixsomethorninhissnout，orsay（figuratively），tohobblehishind—feet；
which，Iamtold，wouldhavebeenbeautifullyruinous；and，thoughriskish，wasnotimpossible？[Tempelhof，iii。311，&c。]Illitindisputablyturnedout；andwehave，withbrevity，tosayhow，andleavereaderstotheirjudgmentofit。
ItwasintheVillageofKrogis，aboutsixmilesforward，ontheMeissen—Freybergroad，amileortwoonfromKorbitz，anddirectlyafterthefiercelittletussleinthatVillage，——thatFriedrich，hisbloodstillup，gavetheOrderforMaxen，whichprovedsounluckytohim。WunschhadbeenshotoffinpursuitofthebeatenAustrians；buttheyrantoofast；andWunschcamebackwithoutfartherresult，stillearlyintheday。BackasfarasKrogis，wherethenexthead—quarteristobe；——andfindstheKingstillinafulminantcondition；nonethemilder，itislikely，byWunsch’sreturningwithoutresult。\"GostraighttoGeneralFinck；bidhimmarchatonce！\"orderstheKing；andrapidlygivesWunschtheinstructionsFinckistofollow。FinckandhisCorpsarenearNossen，sometenmilesaheadofKrogis，sometwentywestfromDresden。There，sinceyesterday，standsFinck，infestingtheleftorwesternflankoftheAustrians，——whatwastheirleft，andwillbeagain，whentheycallhaltandfaceroundonus:——LetFincknowmarchatonce，quiteroundthatwesternflank；byFreyberg，Dippoldiswalde，thenceeasttoMaxen；planthimselfatMaxen（adozenmilessouthofDresden，amongtherockyhills），andstickdiligentlyintherearofthoseAustrians，cuttingoff，orthreateningtocutoff，theircommunicationswithBohemia，andblockthePirnaCountryforthem。
Friedrichcalculatesthat，ifDaunisforretreatingbyPirnaCountry，thiswill，atlowest，beamethodtoquickenhiminthatmovement；orperhapsitmayproveamethodtocutoffsuchretreataltogether，andforceDauntogocirclingbytheLausitzHillsandWildernesses，exposedtotribulationswhichmaygonightoruinhim。ThatisFriedrich’sproudthought:\"anunfortunateCampaign；
windingup，nevertheless，as1757did，inblazesofsuccess！\"
Andtruly，ifFriedrichcouldhavemadehimselfintoTwo；
and，whileflashingandcharginginDaun’sfront，havebeenincommandatMaxeninDaun’srear，——FriedrichcouldhavemadeaprettythingofthiswaxenEnterprise；andmightingoodparthaverealizedhisproudprogram。ButthereisnogettingtwoFriedrichs。
Finck，aGeneralofapprovedquality，heisthenearestapproachwecanmaketoasecondFriedrich；——andhe，ill—lucktoosuper—addingitself，provestragicallyinadequate。Andsetsalltheworld，andOppositionRetzow，exclaiming，\"See:Pridegoesbeforeafall！\"——
At3intheafternoon，Friedrich，intenselysurveyingfromtheheightsofKrogisthenewAustrianmovementsandpositions，isastonished，notagreeably（\"What，stillonlyhere，HerrGeneral！\"），byapersonalvisitfromFinck。FinckfindstheMaxenbusinessintricate，precarious；wishesfartherinstructions，bringsforwardthisobjectionandthat。Friedrichatlastanswers，impatiently:
\"YouknowIcan’tstandmakingofdifficulties（ERWEISSDASSICH
DIEDIFFICULTATENNICHTLEIDENKANN；MACHEDASSERFORTKOMMT）；
contrivetogetitdone！\"WithwhichpoorcomfortFinckhastoridebacktoNossen；andschemeouthisdispositionsovernight。
Nextmorning，Thursday，15th，Finckgetsonmarch；drivestheReichsfolkoutofFreyberg；reachesDippoldiswalde:——\"FreybergistobemyMagazine，\"considersFinck；\"Dippoldiswaldemyhalf—wayhouse；FourBattalionsofmypoorEighteenshallstandthere，andsecurethemeal—carts。\"Friday，16th，FinckhashisVanguard，Wunschleadingit，inpossessionofMaxenandtheHeights；andonSaturdaygetstherehimself，withallhispeopleandequipments。
Ishouldthinkabout12，000men:inamostintersected，intertwistedHillCountry；fullofgullets，dellsandwindingbrooks；——itisforecourtofthePirnarocks，ourcelebratedCampofGahmigliesvisibletonorth，DohnaandtheRothwasserboundingustoeast；——ingrimNovemberweather，somesnowfalling，orsnow—
powder，alternatingwithsleetandglazingfrosts:bynomeansabeautifulenterprisetoFinck。Noroneofhisownchoosing，hadoneachoiceinsuchcases。
ToDaunnothingcouldbemoreunwelcomethanthisnewsofFinck，embattledthereatMaxenintheinextricableHillCountry，directontheroadofDaun’smeal—cartsandBohemiancommunications。
Andtrulywithal，——whatDaundoesnotyethear，butcanguess，——
thereisgone，insupplementorasauxiliarytoFinck，afierceHussarparty，underGRUNEKleist，theirfiercestHussarsinceMayerdied；whothisveryday，atAussig，burnsDaun’sfirstconsiderableMagazine；andhasothersinviewforthesamefate。[Friedrich’ssecondLettertoVoltaire，Wilsdruf，\"19thNovember，1759。\"]
AnevidentthingtoDaun，thatFinckbeingthere，mealhasceased。
Ontheinstant，DaunfallsbackonDresden；Saturday，17th，takespostintheDellofPlauen（PLAUEN’SCHEGRUND）；animpassableChasm，withsheersteepsonbothsides，stretchingsouthwardfromDresdeninfrontoftheHillCountry:thitherDaunmarches，theretoconsiderwhatistobedonewithFinck。Amplysafethispositionis；nonebetterintheworld:aVillage，Plauen，andaBrook，Weistritz，inthebottomofthisexquisiteChasm；sheerrock—wallsoneachside，——highespeciallyontheDaun，orsouthside；——head—
quarterscanbeinDresdenitself；roomforyourcavalryontheplaingroundbetweenDresdenandtheChasm。Apostbothsafeandcomfortable；onlyyoumustnotloiterinmakingupyourmindastoFinck；forFriedrichhasfollowedontheinstant。Friedrich’shead—
quarterisalreadyWilsdruf，whichanhourortwoagowasDaun’s:
atKesselsdorfvigilantZiethenisvanguard。SothatFriedrichlooksoveronyoufromthenorthernbrowofyourChasm；delaysarenotgoodnearsuchaneighbor。
Daun——urgedonbyLacy，theysay——isnotlongindecidingthat，inthisstrait，theshortwayoutwillbetoattackFinckintheHills。DaunisintheHills，aswellasFinck（thisPlauenChasmistheboundary—ditchoftheHills）:Daunwith27，000horseandfoot，movingonfromthiswesternpart；3，000lightpeople（oneSinceretheleaderofthem）movingsimultaneouslyfromDresdenitself，thatis，fromnorthwardornorthwestward；12，000Reichsfolk，horseandfoot，partofthemalreadytosoutheastwardofFinck，otherpartstealingonbytheElbebankthitherward:here，fromthreedifferentpointsofthecompass，are42，000。Thesesimultaneouslydashingin，fromwest，north，south，uponFinck，maysurelygiveaccountofhis12，000andhim！IfonlywecankeepFriedrichdarkuponit；whichsurelyourPandourswillcontrivetodo。
Finck，directlyonarrivingatMaxen，hadreportedhimselftotheKing；andgotanswerbeforenextmorning:\"Verywell；butdrawinthoseFourBattalionsyouhaveleftinDippoldiswalde；hitwiththewholeofyourstrength，whenachanceoffers。\"WhichorderFinck，literallyandnottoowillingly，obeys；leavesonlysomelightremnantinDippoldiswalde，andreinforcementtolingerwithinreach，tillacertainBread—convoycometohim，whichwillbeduenextmorning（Monday，19th）；andwhichdoesthensafelygethome，thoughunderannoyancesfromcannonadinginthedistance。
SUNDAY，18th，FinckfailsnottoreconnoitrefromthehighestHill—
top；toinquirebyeverymethod:hefinds，forcertain，thattheenemyarecominginuponhim。WithhisowneyesheseesReichsfolkmarching，inquantity，southeastwardbytheElbeshore:\"IntendingtowardsDohna，asislike？\"——anddespatchedWunsch，who，accordingly，drovethemoutofDohna。OfallthisFinck，atonce，sentwordtoFriedrich。Whoprobablyenoughreceivedthemessage；
butwhowouldgetnonewknowledgefromit，——vigilantZiethenhaving，byAustriandesertersandotherwise，discoveredthisoftheReichsfolk；andfurthermorethatSincerewith3，000wasinmotion，fromthenorth，uponFinck。Sundayevening，FriedrichdespatchesZiethen’sReport；whichpunctuallycametoFinck’shand；butwasthelastthinghereceivedfromFriedrich，orFriedrichfromhim。
TheinterveningPandourspickedupalltherest。TheZiethenREPORT，oftwoorthreelines，mostsuccinctbutsufficient，likeacuttingofhardiron，istobereadinmanyBooks:wemayaswellgivetheLetterandit:——
FRIEDRICH’SLETTER（WILSDRUF，18thNOVEMBER，1759）。\"MydearGeneral—LieutenantvonFinck，——IsendyoutheenclosedReportfromGeneralZiethen，showingwhatisthelieofmattersasseenfromthisside；andleavethewholetoyourdispositionandnecessarymeasures。Iamyourwell—affectionedKing，——F。\"TheEnclosureisasfollows:——
GENERALZIETHEN’SREPORT（KESSELSDORF，18thNOVEMBER，1759）。
\"ToyourRoyalMajesty，send[nopronoun\"I\"allowed]herewithaCorporal，whohasdesertedfromtheAustrians。Hesays，SincerewiththeReservedidmarchwiththeReichsArmy；butaleaguebehindit，andturnedtowardsDippoldiswalde。GeneralBrentano[Wehla’soldcomrade，luckierthanWehla]，asthisDeserterheardlastnightinDaun’shead—quarter，——whichisinthesouthernSuburbofDresden，intheCountessMoschinska’sGarden，——wasyesterdaytohavebeeninDohlen[lookingintoouroutpostsfromthehithersideoftheirPlauenDell]，butwasnotthereanylonger，\"asourDeserterpassed，\"anditwassaidthathehadgonetoMaxenatthreeintheafternoon。\"[Tempelhof，iii。309。]
ThuscurtlyisFinckauthorizedtojudgeforhimselfinthenewcircumstances。Marginallyisadded，inFriedrich’sownhand:
\"ERWIRDENTWEDERMITDENREICHERNODERMITSICERENEINENGANG
HABEN，——EitherwiththeReichersorwithSincereyouwillhaveabout，Isuppose。\"
MAPFACINGPAGE350，BOOKXIXGOESHERE———————————
Finck，fromhisownHill—top，onSundayandMonday，seesallthisofZiethen，andmuchmore。SeesthevanguardofDaunhimselfapproachingDippoldiswalde，cannonadinghismeal—cartsastheyissuethere；onallsideshisenemiesencompassinghimlikebees；——
andhasasphinx—riddleonhismind，suchassoldierseldomhad。
Shallhemanoeuvrehimselfout，andmarchaway，bread—carts，baggagesandallentire？Thereisstilltime，andperfectpossibility，byDippoldiswaldethere，orbyotherroutesandmethods。Butagain，didnothisMajestyexpect，donotthesewords\"about\"stillseemtoexpect，abitoffightingwithsomebodyorother？Finckwasanablesoldier，andhisskillandcouragewellknown；butprobablyanotherkindofcouragewaswantedthisday，ofwhichFinckhadnotenough。Finckwasnotkingofthismatter；
FinckwasunderaKingwhoperhapsmisjudgedthematter。IfFincksawnomethodofdoingotherthanhurtandbadservicetohisKingbystayinghere，Finckshouldhavehadthecouragetocomeaway，andfronttheKing’sunreasonableanger，expectingredressoneday，orneveranyredress。ThatwasFinck’sduty:buteverybodyseeshowharditwasforfleshandblood。
Finck，truertotheletterthantothespirit，determinedtoremain。Did，allthatMonday，hisbesttopreparehimself；calledinhisoutposts（\"WasnotIordered？\"thinksFinck，tooliterally）；
andseeshismultitudesofenemiessettleroundhim；——Daunalonehas27，000men，whotakecampatDippoldiswalde；andinsum—totaltheyareas4to1ofFinck:——aFinckstillresoluteofface，thoughinternallyhisthoughtsmaybehaggardenough。Doubtlesshehopes，too，thatFriedrichwilldosomething:——unawarethatnoneofhismessagesreachFriedrich。AsforDaun，havingseenhispeoplesafelyencampedhere，hereturnstoDresdenforthenight，toseethatFriedrichisquiet。Friedrichisquietenough:Daun，atsevennextmorning（TUESDAY，20th），appearedonthegroundagain；andfromallsidesFinckisassaulted，——fromDaun’ssidenearestandsoonest，withDaun’sbestvigor。
DippoldiswaldeissomesevenmilesfromMaxen。Difficulthill—roadalltheway:butthesteepest，straitestandworstplaceisatReinhartsgrimma，theveryfirstHamletafteryouareoutofDippoldiswalde。Thereisanarrowgulletthere，overhungwithheightsallround。Theroadsareslippery，glazedwithsleetandfrost；Cavalry，unroughened，makesadslidingandsprawling；
hardlytheInfantryaresecureontheirfeet:aterriblebusinessgettingmassesofartillery—wagons，horseandman，throughsuchaPass！Itisthought，hadFinckgarnishedthisPassofReinhartsgrimma，withtheproperbatteries，thepropermusketries，Daunneverwouldhavegotthrough。Finckhadnotagunoramaninit:\"HadnotIorder？\"saidhe，——againtooliterally。Asitwas，Daun，slidingandsprawlinginthenarrowsteeps，haddifficultiesalmosttoogreat；and，theysay，wouldhavegivenitup，haditnotbeenthatacertainMajorurged，\"Canbedone，Excellenz，andshall！\"andthatthetemperofhissoldierswaseverywhereexcellent。UnfortunateFinckhadnoartillerytobearonDaun’stransitthroughthePass。Nothingbutsomeweakbodyofhussarsandinfantrystoodlookingintoit，fromtheHillofHausdorf:
eventhesemighthavegivenhimsomeslighthindrance；butthesewereplayeduponbyendlessPandours，\"issuingfromawoodnearby，\"withmusketries，andatlengthwithcannonbatteries，oneandanother；——andhadtofallback，ortobecalledback，toMaxenHill，wherethemainforceis。
Inthecourseofyesterday，bycontinualreconnoitring，byAustriandeserters，andintensecomparisonofsymptoms，FinckhadcompletelyascertainedwheretheEnemy’sThreeAttacksweretobe，——\"onMaxen，fromDippoldiswalde，Trohnitz，Dohna，simultaneouslythreeattacks，\"itappears；——andhadwithallhisskillarrangedhimselfontheMaxensummitstomeetthese。HestandsnowelaboratelydividedintoThreegroupsagainstthoseThreesimultaneities；
forming（sadlywideapart，onewouldsay，forsuchaforceasFinck’s）averyobtuse—angledtriangle:——theobtusevertexofwhich（ifreaderscaretolookontheirMap）isTrohnitz，theroadBrentanoandSincerearecoming。Onthebase—angles，MaxenandDohna，FinckexpectsDaunandtheReich。FromTrohnitztoMaxenisneartwomiles；fromMaxentoDohnaabovefour。AtDohnastandsWunschagainsttheReich；FinckhimselfatMaxen，expectingDaun，asthepithofthewholeaffair。InthistriangularwaystandsFinckatthetopmostheightsofthecountry，——\"Maxenhighest，butHausdorfonlyalittlelower，\"——andhasnotthoughtofdisputingtheclimbupwards。Tooliteralaneyetohisorders:alas，hewasnothimselfking，butonlyking’sdeputy！
Theresultis，about11A。M。，asIobscurelygather，Daunhasconqueredtheclimb；Daun’smusketriesbegintoglitteronthetopofHausdorf；and26or32heavycannonopentheirthroatsthere；
andtheThreeAttacksbreakloose。Finck’sMaxenbatteries（scarcelyhigherthanDaun’s，andfarinferiorinweight）respondwithalldiligence，thepoorregimentalfieldpieceshelpingwhattheycan。Mutualcannonade，veryloudforanhourandhalf；
terrific，butdoinglittlemischief；afterwhichDaun’smusketries（thegroundnowsufficientlycleartoDaun），whicharethepracticalthing，beginopening，firstfromonepoint，thenfromanother:andthereensues，forfivehourscoming，atMaxenandattheothertwopointsofFinck’striangle，suchaseriesofexplosivechargings，wheelings，worryingsandintricatedeath—
wrestlings，asitwouldprovokeeveryreadertoattemptdescribingtohim。Exceptindeedhewereasoldier，boundtoknowthedefenceofposts；inwhichcaseIcouldfairlypromisehimthattherearemeansofunderstandingtheaffair，andthathemightfindbenefitinit。[Tempelhof，iii。307—317。JOURNALUNDNACHRICHTVONDER
GEFANGENNEHMUNGDESFINCK’SCHENCORPSBEYMAXEN，IMJAHRE1759
（Seyfarth，Beylagen，ii。637—654）。]
Daun’sGrenadiers，andInfantrygenerally，areintriumphantspirits；confidentofvictory，astheymayreasonablybe。
Finck’speople，too，behavewell，someofthemconspicuouslywell，thoughingloomiermood；andmakestubbornfight，successfulhereandthere，but，asawhole，notcapableofsucceeding。By3intheafternoon，theAustrianshaveforcedtheMaxenPost；they\"enterMaxenwithgreatshoutings；\"extrudetheobstinatePrussianremnants；and，beforelong，havethepoorVillage\"onfireineverypart。\"FinckretreatingnorthwardtoSchmorsdorf，towardstheobtuseangleofhistriangle，ifhaplytheremaybehelpinthatquarterforhim。Daundoesnotpushhimmuch；hasMaxensafelyburningineverypart。
FromSchmorsdorfFinckpushesoutaCavalrychargeonBrentano。
\"CouldwebutrepulseBrentanoyonder，\"thinkshe，\"ImighthavethoseFourBattalionstohand，andtryagain！\"ButBrentanomakessuchcannonading，theCavalryswervetoaHollowontheirright；
thenfindtheyhavenotground，andretirequitefruitless。
Finck’sCavalry，andtheCavalrygenerally，withtheirhorsesallslidingonthefrostymountain—gnarls，appeartobegoodforlittlethisday。Brentano，victoriousovertheCavalry，comesonwithsuchstorm，hesweepsthroughtheobtuseangle，homeuponFinck；
andsweepshimoutofSchmorsdorfVillagetoSchmorsdorfHill，theretotakerefuge，asthenightsinks，——andtoseehimself，ifhiswildheartwillpermithimtobecandid，aruinedman。OftheThreeAttacks，Twohavecompletelysucceededonhim；onlyWunsch，atDohna，standsvictorious；hehasheldbacktheReichallday，andevenchasedithometoitspostsontheRothwasser（REDWATER），multitudinousasitwas。
Finck’smood，astheNovembershadowsgatheredonhim，——theequalheartmayatleastpitypoorFinck！Hisresolutionisfixed:
\"Cutourselvesthrough，thisnight:Dohnaisours:othersidethatRedWaterthereareroads；——perishorgetthrough！\"AndtheGenerals（whoareralliednow\"ontheHeightsofFalkenhainandBloschwitz，\"midwaybetweenMaxenandDohna）getthatOrderfromhim。Andproceedtoarrangeforexecutingit，——thoughwithoutlookmoreandmoredesperate，astheirscoutsreportthateverypassandpostontheRedWaterisbesetbyReichsfolk。\"Wunsch，withtheCavalry，heatleastmaythreadhiswayout，undercloudofnight，bytheoppositeorDaunside，\"calculatesFinck。AndWunschsetsoutaccordingly:averyquestionable，winding，subterraneanmarch；
difficultintheextreme，——theweariedSLIPshodhorsesgoingatasnail’space；and，inthedifficultpasses，needingtobedraggedthroughwithbridleandeventobeleftaltogether:——inwhich，withal，itwillproveofnouseforWunschtosucceed！
Finck’sGeneralsendeavoringtorankandrearrangethroughthenight，findthattheirverycartridgesarenearlyspent，andthatofmen，suchwounding，suchdesertinghastherebeen，theyhave，atthistime，byprecisecount，2，836rankandfile。
Evidentlydesperate。
Atdaylight，Daun’scannonbeginningagainfromtheMaxenside，Fincksendstocapitulate。\"Absolutesurrender，\"answersDaun:
\"prisonersofwar，andyoushallkeepyourprivatebaggage。
GeneralWunschwiththeCavalry，hetoomustturnbackandsurrender！\"Finckpleadedhard，onthislastscore:
\"GeneralWunsch，asheadoftheCavalry，isnotunderme；
ishimselfchiefinthatdepartment。\"Butitwasofnouse:
Wunschhadtoreturn（notquitegotthroughDaun’sLines，aftersuchanight），andtosurrender，likeeverybodyelse。LikeEightotherGenerals；likeWolfersdorfofTorgau，andmanyabraveOfficerandman。Wednesdaymorning，21stNovember，1769:itisFinck’sfourthdayonMaxen；hislastinthePrussianService。
ThatsameWednesdayAfternoontherewererankedintheGROSSE
GARTENatDresden，ofdejectedPrussianPrisonersfromMaxen，whatexactnumberwasneverknown:theAustrianssaid15，000；butnobodywellbelievedthem；theirlastcertaininstalmentbeingonly，incorrectnumbers，2，836。Besidesthekilled，woundedandalreadycaptured，manyhaddeserted，manyhadglidedclearoff。ItisjudgedthatFriedrichlost，byallthesecauses，about12，000men。
Gonewholly，——withtheirequipmentsandappurtenanceswholly，whicharenotworthcountingincomparison。FinckandtheotherGenerals，8ofthem，and529Officers，——Finck，Wunsch，Wolfersdorf，Mosel（oftheOlmutzConvoy），nottomentionothersofknownworth，thisisitselfasorelosstoFriedrich，andinpresentcircumstancesanirreparable。[Seyfarth，ii。576；inHelden—Geschichte，（v。1115），theViennaAccount。]
TheoutburstandparoxysmofGazetteerrumor，whicharoseinEuropeoverthis，mustbelefttotheimagination；stillmorethewhirlwindofastonishment，grief，remorseandindignationthatragedintheheartofFriedrichonfirsthearingofit。
\"TheCaudineForks；\"\"SceneofPirnaoveragain，inreverseform；\"
\"IsnotyourKingatlastoverwithit？\"saidandsangmultifariouslytheGazetteers。Ascounter—chorustowhich，inacertainRoyalHeart:\"ThatmiserablepurblindFinck，unequaltohistask；——thatoverhastyI，whodrovehimuponit！Thisdisgrace，lossnighruinous；infine，thisinfernalCampaign（CETTECAMPAGNE
INFEMALE）！\"TheAnecdote—BooksaboundindetailsofFriedrich’sbehavioratWilsdrufthatday；mythicalall，oringoodpart，butsymbolizingacasethatisconceivabletoeverybody。Orwouldreaderscaretoglanceintotheveryfactwiththeirowneyes？
Ashappenstobepossible。
1。BEFOREMAXEN:FRIEDRICHTOD’ARGENSANDOTHERS。
TOD’ARGENS（Krogis，15thNovember，orderforMaxenjustgiven）。
\"YesterdayIjoinedtheArmy[daybeforeyesterday，buttookthefieldyesterday]，andDaundecamped。Ihavefollowedhimthusfar，andwillcontinueittothefrontiersofBohemia。Ourmeasuresaresotaken[Finck，towit]，thathewillnotgetoutofSaxonywithoutconsiderablelosses。Yesterdaycosthim500mentakenatKorgishere。Everymovementhemakeswillcosthimasmany。\"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。101。]
TOVOLTAIRE（Wilsdruf，17thNovember）。\"WearevergingontheendofourCampaign:andIwillwritetoyouineightdaysfromDresden，withmorecomposureandcoherencythannow。\"
[Ib。xxiii。66。]
TOTHESAME（Wilsdruf，19thNovember）。\"TheAustriansarepackingofftoBohemia，——where，inreprisalfortheincendiaryoperationstheyhavedoneinmycountries，Ihaveburntthemtwobigmagazines。IrenderthebeatifiedHero’sretreatasdifficultaspossible；andIhopehewillcomeuponsomebadadventureswithinafewdays。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。66。]
SAMEDAYANDPLACE，TOD’ARGENS。Avolleyofmostrough—pacedoff—handRhyming，directfromtheheart；\"Ode[asheafterwardstermsit，orirrepressibleextemporeLILT]TOFORTUNE:\"
\"MARQUIS，QUELCHANGEMENT，whatachange！I，apoorhereticcreature，neverblessedbytheHolyFather；indeed，littlefrequentingChurch，norservingeitherBaalortheGodofIsrael；
helddownthesemanymonths，andreportedbymorethanoneshavenscoundrel[priest—pamphleteeratVienna]tobequiteextinct，andgonevagabondovertheworld，——seehowcapriciousFortune，afterallherhundredpreferencesofmyrivals，liftsmewithhelpfulhandfromthedeep，andpacksthisHerooftheHatandSword，——whomPopeshaveblessedwhattheycould，andwhohaswalkedinPilgrimagebeforenow[toMarienzellonce，Ibelieve，publiclyatVienna]，——outofSaxony；panting，harassedgoeshe，likeastrangerdogfromsomekitchenwherethecookhadfloggedhimout！\"
[Ib。xix。103—106。]……（AveryexultantLilt，andwithagooddealmoreofthechanticleerinitthanweareusedtointhisKing！）
2。AFTERMAXEN。
TOD’ARGENS（Wilsdruf，22dNovember）。\"Dowiththat[somesmallpieceofbusiness]whateveryoulike，mydearMarquis。Iamsostupefied（E’TOURDI）withthemisfortunewhichhasbefallenGeneralFinck，thatIcannotrecoverfrommyastonishment。Itderangesallmymeasures；itcutsmetothequick。Ill—luck，whichpersecutesmyoldage，hasfollowedmefromtheMark[Kunersdorf，intheMarkofBrandenburg]toSaxony。IwillstillstrivewhatIcan。ThelittleODEIsentyou，addressedTOFORTUNE，hadbeenwrittentoosoon！
Oneshouldnotsingvictorytillthebattleisover。Iamsocrusheddownbytheseincessantreversesanddisasters，thatIwishathousandtimesIweredead；andfromdaytodayIgrowwearierofdwellinginabodywornoutandcondemnedtosuffer。Iamwritingtoyouinthefirstmomentofmygrief。Astonishment，sorrow，indignation，scorn，allblendedtogether，laceratemysoul。Letusgettotheend，then，ofthisexecrableCampaign；Iwillthenwritetoyouwhatistobecomeofme；andwewillarrangetherest。
Pityme；——admakenonoiseaboutme；badnewsgofastenoughofthemselves。Adieu，dearMarquis。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。107。]
Allthis，ofcourse，undersuchpressingcallofactualities，hadverysoontotransformitselfintosilence；intonewresolution，anddeterminatedespatchofbusiness。ButtheKingretainedabittermemoryofitallhisdays。ToFinckhewasinexorable:——
orderedhim，thefirstthingonhisreturnfromAustrianCaptivity，TrialbyCourt—Martial；which（Ziethenpresiding，June，1763）
censuredFinckinvariouspoints，andgavehim，insupplementtotheAustriandetention，aYear’sImprisonmentinSpandau。Norayofpityvisibleforhim，thenorafterwards，intheRoyalmind。
Sothatthepoormanhadtobeghisdismissal；getit，andgotoDenmarkfornewpromotionandappreciation。——\"Fartoosevere！\"
grumbledtheOppositionvoices，withsecretcounter—severity。
Andtrulyitwouldhavebeenmorebeautifultoeverybody，forthemoment，tohavemadematterssofttopoorFinck，——hadFriedrichevergoneonthatscorewithhisGeneralsandDelegates；
which，thoughthereverseofacruelman，heneverdid。Andtruly，asweoftenobserve，theLawsofFactarestillsevererthanFriedrichwas:——sothat，inthelong—run，perhapsitisbeautifulestofallforaKing，whoisjust，toberhadamanthineinimportantcases。
ExultingDaun，insteadofBohemiaforwinter—quarters，pushesoutnowfortheprizeofSaxonyitself。DaunordersBecktoattacksuddenlyanotherOutpostofFriedrich’s，whichstandsrearwardofhimatMeissen，underaGeneralDierecke，——thesamewhom，asColonelDierecke，wesawmarchoutofflamyZittau，summergonetwoyears。Beckgoesinaccordingly，3dDecember；attacksDierecke，notbysurprise，butwithoverwhelmingsuperiority；noreinforcementpossible:DiereckeisonthewrongsideoftheElbe，noretreatorreinforcementforhim；hastofightfiercelyallday，MeissenBridgebeinginabrokenstate；then，atnight，toshiphispeopleacrossinElbeboats，whicharemuchdelayedbythefloatingice，sothatdaylightfound1，500ofthemstillonthatnorthernside；
allofwhom，withGeneralDiereckehimself，weremadeprisonersbyBeck。[Tempelhof，iii。321:\"3d—4thDecember，1759。\"]AcomfortablesupplementtoMaxen，thoughnotofthesamemagnificence。
Afterwhich，DaunhimselfissuedminatoryfromthePlauenChasm；
expecting，asalltheworlddid，thatFriedrich，whois36，000ofUnfortunateagainst，say，72，000ofTriumphant，will，underpenalty，takehimselfaway。Butitprovedotherwise。\"Ifyoubeatus，ExcellencyFeldmarschall，yes；buttillthen——！\"
Friedrichdrawsoutinbattalia；Leoinwildraggedstateandtemper，VERSUSBosinthereverse:\"Comeon；then！\"RhinocerosBos，thoughinahighframeofmind，darenot，oncoolsurvey；
butretiresbehindthePlauenChasmagain。WillatleastprotectDresdenfromrecapture；andwaithere，intheinterim；cartinghisprovisionoutofBohemia，——whichisaroughbusiness，withElbefrozen，andthepassesinsuchachokedwintrystate。UponwhomFriedrich，too，hastowaitunderarms，ingrimneighborhood，forsixweekstocome:suchatimeaspooryoungArchenholtzneverhadbeforeorafter。[Archenholtz，ii。11—13。]ItwaswellbeyondNew—year’sdaybeforeFriedrichcouldreportofhimself，andthenonlyinasense，aswillbeseen:\"Weretiredtothispoorcottage[cottagestillstanding，inthelittleTownofFreyberg]；Daundidthelike；andthisunfortunateCampaign，asallthingsdo，cameactuallytoanend。\"
DaunholdsDresdenandtheDellofPlauen；butSaxony，totheworld’samazement，heisasfaraseverfromholding。\"Daun’sfrontisasmallarcofacircle，bendingroundfromDresdentoDippoldiswalde；FriedrichisatFreyberginabiggerconcavearc，concentrictoDaun，welloverlappingDaunonthatsouthwardorlandwardside，andreadyforhim，shouldhestirout；KesselsdorfishisnearestposttoDaun；andthePlauenChasmforboundary，whichwasnotoverpassedbyeither。\"InDresden，andthepatchofhill—countrytothesoutheastwardofitbyElbeside，whichisinsteporglacisofthePirnarock—country，seventysquaremilesorso，thererulesDaun；andthis——withitsheightsofGahmig，valuableasadefenceforDresdenagainstAustria，butnototherwiseofconsiderablevalue——wasallthatDaunthisyear，orprettymuchinanycomingyear，couldrealizeofconquestinSaxony。
FabiusCunctatorhasnotsucceeded，asthepublicexpected。
Infact，eversincethatofHochkirchandthePapalHat，hehasbeenawaningman，moreandmorequestionabletotheundiscerningpublic。Maxenwashislastgleamupwards；aroundofapplauseroseagainonMaxen，feebleincomparisonwithHochkirch，butstillarguinghope，——which，afterthis，moreandmorediedout；sothatintwoyearsmore，poorMadamDaun，goingtoImperialLevee，\"hadherstate—carriagehalffilledwithnightcaps，thrownintoitbytheViennapeople，intokenofherhusband’sgreattalentforsleep。\"[Archenholtz（Anno1762，\"lastSiegeofSchweidnitz\"）。]
ChapterVIII。
MISCELLANEAINWINTER—QUARTERS，1759—1760。
FriedrichwasveryloathtoquitthefieldthisWinter。InspiteofMaxenandill—luckandtheunfavorablestweather，itstillwas，forabouttwomonths，hisfixedpurposetorecaptureDresdenfirst，anddriveDaunhome。\"HadIbuta12，000ofAuxiliariestoguardmyrightflank，whiletryingit！\"saidhe。FerdinandmagnanimouslysenthimtheHereditaryPrincewith12，000，whostayedabovetwomonths；[\"TillFebruary15th；\"ListoftheRegiments（Germanall），inSEYFARTH，ii。578n。]andFriedrichdidmarchabout，attemptingthatway，[OEuvresdeFrederic，v。32。
OldNewspaperrumors:inGentleman’sMagazine，xxix。605，\"29thDecember，\"&c。]——pushedforwardtoMaguireandDippoldiswalde，lookedpassionatelyintoMaguireonallsides；
butfoundhim，inthosefrozenchasms，androck—labyrinthschokedwithsnow，plainlyunattackable；himandeverybody，insuchfrost—
element；——andrenouncedthepassionatehope。
ItwasnottillthemiddleofJanuarythatFriedrichputhistroopsintopartialcantonments，Head—quarterFreyberg；troopsstillmainlyintheVillagesfromWilsdrufandsouthward，closebytheiroldCampthere。Campstillleftstanding，guardedbySixBattalions；sixaftersix，alternatingweekabout:oneofthegrimmestcampsinNature；thecanvasroofsgrownmereice—plates，thetentsmeresanctuariesoffrost:——neverdidpooryoungArchenholtzseesuchindustryindraggingwood—fuel，suchboilingofbiscuitsinbrokenice，suchcrowdingroundtheemberstoroastonesideofyou，whiletheotherwasfreezing。[Archenholtz（UT
SUPRA），ii。11—15。]ButDaun’speople，ontheoppositesideofPlauenDell，didthelike；theirtentsalsowereleftstandinginthefrozenstate，guardedbyalternatingbattalions，nobetteroffthantheirPrussianneighbors。ThisoftheTents，andSixfrost—
bittenBattalionsguardingthem，lastedtillApril。
AnextraordinaryobstinacyonthepartbothofDaunandofFriedrich；alikejealousofevenseemingtoyieldoneinchmoreofground。
TheHereditaryPrince，withhis12，000，marchedhomeagaininFebruary；indeed，everafterthegoingintocantonments，alluseofthePrinceandhisForceherevisiblyceased；and，onthewhole，noresultwhateverfollowedthosestrenuousantagonisms，andfrozententsleftstandingforthreemonths；andthingsremainedpracticallywhattheywere。Sothat，asthegrand\"PeaceNegotiations\"alsocametonothing，wemightomitthisofWinter—
quartersaltogether；andgoforwardtotheopeningofCampaignFifth；——wereitnotthatcharacteristicfeaturesdootherwiseoccurinit，curiouslittleunveilingsofthesecrethopesandindustriesofFriedrich:——besideswhich，therehaveminorprivateeventsfallenout，notwithoutinteresttohumanreaders。ForwhosebehoofmainlyalooseintercalaryChaptermaybethrowntogetherhere。
SERENEHIGHNESSOFWURTEMBERG，ATFULDA（November30th，1759），ISJUSTABOUT\"FIRINGVICTORIA，\"ANDGIVINGABALLTOBEAUTYAND
FASHION，INHONOROFACERTAINEVENT；——BUTISUNPLEASANTLYINTERRUPTED。
November21st，theverydaywhileFinckwascapitulatingintheHillsofMaxen，DukeFerdinand，busyeversincehisVictoryatMinden，did，afteradifficultSiegeofMunster，SiegebyImhof，withFerdinandprotectinghim，getMunsterintohandagain，whichwasreckonedafinesuccesstohim。VerybusyhastheDukebeen:
industriouslyreapingthefruitsofhisVictoryatMinden；
andthis，theconclusiverootingoutoftheFrenchfromthatWestphalianregion，isaveryjoyfulthing；andputsFerdinandinhopesofdrivingthemovertheMaynaltogether。Whichsomethinkhewouldhavedone；hadnothe，withmagnanimousoblivionofselfandwishes，agreedtosendtheHereditaryPrinceandthose12，000toassistinFriedrich’saffairs，lookinguponthatasthevitalpointintheseAlliedInterests。Friedrich’sattempts，wehavesaid，turnedoutimpossible；norwouldtheHereditaryPrinceandhis12，000，thoughagooddealtalkedaboutinEnglandandelsewhere，[Walpole，GeorgeSecond，iii。248（inasourOppositiontone）；&c。&c。]requiremorethanmention；wereitnotthatontheroadthither，atFulda（\"Fuldaishalf—wayhousetoSaxony，\"thinksFerdinand，\"shouldPittandBritannicMajestybepleasedtoconsent，asIdarepresumetheywill\"），theHereditaryPrincehad，inhisswiftway，doneathingusefulforFerdinandhimself，andwhichcausedagreatemotion，chieflyoflaughter，overtheworld，inthoseweeks。
\"NoEnemyofFriedrich’s，\"saysmyNote，\"isoffellerhumorthantheSerenityofWurtemberg，KarlEugen，ReigningDukeofthatunfortunateCountry；forwhom，inpastdays，Friedrichhadbeensofatherly，andreallytooksuchpains。’Fatherly？STEP—fatherly，youmean；andforhisownvileuses！’growledtheSerenityofWurtemberg:——alwaysanominousstreakofgloominthatpoorman；
streakwhichisspreadnowtowholeskiesofboilingdarkness，owingtodeliriumstherehavebeen！Enough，KarlEugen，afterdivorcinghispoorWife，haddistinguishedhimselfbyazealwithoutknowledge，beyondalmostalltheenemiesofFriedrich；——andstillcontinuesinthatbadlineofindustry。HispoorWifehehasmademiserableinsomemeasure；alsohimself；and，inadegree，hispoorsoldiersandsubjects，whoarewithhimbycompulsioninthisEnterprise。TheWurtembergersareProtestantsofoldtype；andwantnofightingagainst’theProtestantHero，’butmuchthereverse！
SereneKarlhadtoshootagoodfewofthesepoorpeople，beforetheywouldmarchatall；andhisprocedureswereindeed，andcontinuedtobe，ofaverycryingnature，thoughhispoorPopulationstookthemsilently。AlwayssomethingofperverseinthisSereneHighness；hasit，Ithink，bykind。
\"BesideshisquotatotheReich，KarlEugenhas12，000moreonfoot，——anditisofthemwearetreatingatpresent。In1757hehadlentthesetroopstotheEmpressQueen，foraconsideration；itwastheythatstoodontheAustrianleft，atLeuthen；andwerethefirstthatgotbeaten，andhadtoceasestanding，——astheAustrianswereabundantlyloudinproclaiming。TothedisgustofSereneHighness:’Whichofyoudidstand，then？Wasittheirblame，ledastheywere？’arguedhe。Andnextyear，1758，afterCrefeld，hetookhis12，000totheFrench（’subsidy，’orconsideration，’tobepaidinSALT，’itappears[OEuvresdeFrederic，
v。10。]）；withwhomtheymarchedabout，anddidnothingconsiderable。TheSerenityhadpleaded，’Imustcommandthemmyself！’’You？’saidBelleisle，andwouldnothearofit。Nextyearagain，however，thatis1759，theDukewaspositive，’Imust；’
Belleislenotlessso，’Youcannot；’——tillMindenfellout；
andthen，inthewreckofContades，Belleislehadtoconsent。
SerenityofWurtemberg，atthatlateseason，tookthefieldaccordingly；andBroglionowhashimatFulda，’TocutoffFerdinandfromCassel；’tothreatenFerdinand’sleftflankandhisprovision—cartsinthatquarter。MayreallybecomeunpleasanttheretoFerdinand；——andoughttobecutoutbytheHereditaryPrince。
’ToFulda，then，andcuthimout！’
\"FULDA，FRIDAY，30thNOVEMBER，1759。SereneHighnessislyinghereforaweekpast；abundantlystrongforthetaskonhand，——hashisown12，000，supplementedby1，000FrenchLightHorse；——butiswidelyscatteredwithal，postedinakindoftriangularform；
hismainpostsbeingFuldaitself，andacoupleofothers，eachthirtymilesfromFulda，andfivemilesfromoneanother，——with’patrolstoconnectthem，’betterorworse。Abundantlystrongforthetask，andinperfectsecurity；andindeedintendsthisdayto’fireVICTORIA’fortheCatastropheatMaxen，andintheeveningwillgiveaBallinfartherhonorofsosalutaryanevent:——when，about9A。M。，newsarrivesatthegallop，’Brunswickersinfullmarch；arewithinanhouroftheTown—Bridge！’FiguretowhatflurryofSereneHighness；ofthevictoria—shootingapparatus；
ofbusyman—millinerpeople，andtheBeautyandFashionofFuldaingeneral！
\"Thenightbefore，arumoroftheFrenchPostbeingdriveninbysomebodyhadreachedSereneHighness；whogavesomevagueorder，notthinkingitofconsequence。Here，however，istheFactcometohandinamosturgentandundeniablemanner！SereneHighnessgetsonhorseback；butwhatcanthathelp？Onecannon（hasnothingbutlightcannon）hedoesplantontheBridge；butsee，herecomepremonitorybomb—shellsoneandanother，terrifyingtothemind；——
andasingleHessiandragoon，plungingforwardontheoneunreadycannon，andintheairmakinghorridcircles，——thegunnersleavesaidcannontohim，taketotheirheels；andtheBridgeisopen。
Therestoftheaffaircanbeimagined。Retreatatourswiftest，’runningfight，’wewouldfaincallit，byvariousroads；losttwoflags，twocannon；prisonerswereabove1，200，manyofthemOfficers。’AmercifulProvidencesavedtheDuke’sSerenePersonfromhurt，’saytheStuttgardGazetteers:whichwastrue，——SereneHighnesshavingbeeninspiredtogallopinstantlytorearwardandlandward，leavinganordertosomebody，’Dothebestyoucan！’
\"SothattheBallisup；dress—pumpsandmillineriesgettingalllockedintotheirdrawersagain，——withabundanceofte—hee—ing（Ihope，mostlyinalightvein）fromthefaircreaturesdisappointedoftheirdanceforthistime。NextdaySereneHighnessdrewfartherback，andnextdayagainfarther，——towardsFrankenlandandhome，asthesurestplace；——andwasnomoreheardofinthoselocalities。\"[Buchholz，ii。332；Mauvillon，ii。80；
Helden—Geschichte，v。1184—1193；OldNewspapers，inGentleman’sMagazine，xxix。603。]
Makinghisfirstexit，notyetquitehisfinal，fromtheWar—
Theatre，amidsuchtempestsofhaha—ingandte—hee—ing。Withwhatthoughtsinhisownloftyopaquemind；——likeacrownedmule，ofsuchpaceandcarriage，whohadunexpectedlysteppedupongalvanicwires！——
AstothosepoorWurtembergers，andtheirnotionofthe\"ProtestantHero，\"Iremarkfarther，thatthereisasomethingofrealtruthinit。Friedrich’sCreed，orTheoryoftheUniverse，differedextremely，inmanyimportantpoints，fromthatofDr。MartinLuther:butinthevitalall—essentialpoint，whatwemaycalltheheart’scoreofallCreedswhicharehuman，humanandnotsimiousordiabolic，theKingandtheDoctorwerewiththeirwholeheartatone:Thatitisnotallowable，thatitisdangerousandabominable，toattemptbelievingwhatisnottrue。Inthatsense，Friedrich，bynatureandposition，wasaProtestant，andeventhechiefProtestantintheworld。Whatkindof\"Hero，\"inthisbigWarofhis，wearegraduallylearning；——inwhichtoo，ifyouinvestigate，thereisnotwantingsomethingof\"PROTESTANTHeroism，\"eveninthenarrowsense。Foritdoesappear，——MariaTheresahavingarealfearofGod，andpoorLouisarealfearoftheDevil，whomhemaywellfeeltobegettingdangerouspurchaseoverhim，——somehope—gleamsofactinguponSchism，andsomeritingHeaven，didminglewiththeirhighterrestrialcombinations，onthisuniqueopportunity，morethanarenowsupposedincarelessHistory—Books。
WHATISPERPETUALPRESIDENTMAUPERTUISDOING，ALLTHISWHILE？
ISHESTILLINBERLIN；ORWHEREINTHEUNIVERSEISHE？
ALAS，POORMAUPERTUIS！
IntheheatofthisCampaign，\"July27th，\"—somefourdaysaftertheBattleofZullichau，justwhileFriedrichwashurryingoffforthatIntersectionatSagan，andbreathlessHuntofLoudonandHaddick，——poorMaupertuishadquittedthisworld。July27th，1759；
atBasel，ontheSwissBorders，inhisfriendBernouilli’shouse，afterlongmonthsofsicknesspainfullyspentthere。AndourpoorPerpetualPresident，atrestnowfromallhisAkakiaburns，andpainsandlaborsinflatteningtheEarthandotherwise，isgone。
ManybeautifulermenhavegonewithintheYear，ofwhomwecansaynothing。Butthisisonewhosegrandlysilent，andthenoccasionallyfulminantprocedures，Akakiacontroversies，Olympiansolemnitiesandflamypirouettingsunderthecontradictionofsinners，weoncesaw；andthinkwithakindofhumanpathosthatweshallseenomore。Fromhisgooseofanadorer，LaBeaumelle，I
haveriddledoutthefollowingparticulars，chieflychronological，——andofferthemtosusceptiblereaders。LaBeaumelleis，inasort，tobeconsideredthespeaker；orLaBeaumelleandthisEditorinconcert。
FINALPILGRIMAGEOFTHEPERPETUALPRESIDENT。\"MaupertuishadquittedBerlinsoonafterVoltaire。ThatthreatofvisitingVoltairewithpistols，——tobemetby’mysyringeandvesselofdishonor’onVoltaire’spart，——washislastmemorabilityinBerlin。
Hislastatthattime；orindeedaltogether，forhesawlittleofBerlinfarther。
\"EndofApril，1753，hegotleaveofabsence；setouthomewards，forrecoveryofhealth。WasatParisthroughsummerandautumn:
verytaciturninsociety；’preferredprettywomentoanymanofscience；’wouldsententiouslysayastrongthingnowandthen，’bitterbutnotwithoutBONHOMIE，’shakingslightlyhisyellowwig。
Disdainful，tohowhighadegree，ofAKAKIAbrabbles，andVoltairegossipfororagainst！InwinterwenttoSt。Malo；foundhisgoodFathergone；butalovingSisterstillthere。
\"June，1754，theKingwrotetohim，’VENEZVITE，Comequickly:’
July，1754，hecameaccordingly，[OEuvresdeFrederic，xx。49。]sawBerlinagain；didnothingnoticeablethere，exceptgetworseinhealth；andafterelevenmonths，June，1756，withdrewagainonleave，——nevertoreturnthistime，thoughhewellintendedotherwise。ButatSt。Malo，when，afteramonthortwoofParis，hegotthither（Autumn，1756），andstillmore，nextsummer，1757，whenhethoughtofleavingSt。Malo，——whatwars，andrumorsofwar，allovertheworld！
\"June，1757，hewenttoBordeaux，intendingtotakeshipforHamburg，andreturn；buttheseawasfullofEnglishcruisers[Pitt’sDescentslyinginstoreforSt。Maloitself]。NogettingtoBerlinbytheHamburgorsearoute！’Nevermind，then，’wrotetheKing:’Improveyourhealth；gotoItaly，ifyoucan。’
\"Summer，1757，MaupertuismadeforItaly；gotasfarasToulouse；——
stayedtheretillMayfollowing；sad，tragicallystoical；
saying，sparingly，andrathertowomenthanmen，strongthings，admiredbytheworthiersort。RenouncedthoughtsofItaly:
’Europebleeding，andespeciallyFranceandPrussia，howgoidlytouring？’
\"May，1758，MaupertuisleftToulouse:turnedtowardsBerlin；
slow，sad，circuitous；——nevertoarrive。SawNarbonne，Montpellier，Nimes；withwhatmeditations！AtLyons，underhonorssky—high，healthgettingworse，staystwomonths；vomitsclotsofbloodthere。Thence，July24th，toNeufchatelandtheLordMarischal；
happythereforthreemonths。HearsthereofProfessorKonig’sdeath（AKAKIAKonig）:’Onescoundrellessintheworld，’ejaculatedhe；’butwhatisone！’——October16th，totheroadagain，toBasel；
staysperforce，inBernouilli’shousethere，allWinter；
healthfallinglowerandlower。
\"April，1759，onedayhehashiscarriageatthedoor（’Homeward，atallrates！’）:buttakesviolentspasmsinthecarriage；can’t；
cannofartherinthisworld。Lingershere，underkindcare，forabovethreemonthsmore:dyingslowly，mostpainfully。Withmuchrealstoicism；notwithoutastiff—jointedalgebraickindofpiety，almostpatheticinitssort。’TwoCapuchinsfromaneighboringConventdailygavehimconsolations，’notentirelysatisfactory；
fordailywithal，’unknowntotheCapuchins，hemadehisValet，whowasaProtestant，readtohimfromtheGenevaBible；’——andfindsmanythingshardtothehumanmind。July27th，1759，hedied。\"
[LaBeaumelle，ViedeMaupertuis，
pp。196—216。]
PoorMaupertuis；amanofruggedstalwarttype；honest；ofanardor，anintelligence，nottobeforgottenforLaBeaumelle’spulingsoverthem。Amanofgoodandevenofhightalent；
unluckyinmistakingitforthehighest！HispoorWife，abornBorck，——hasteningfromBerlin，butagainandagaindelayedbyindustryofkindfriends，andatlastdrivingoninspiteofeverything，——met，inthelastmiles，hisHearseandFuneralCompany。Adieu，apityingadieutohimforever，——andeventohisadoringLaBeaumelle，whoisratherlessablockheadthanhegenerallyseems。
ThisoftheTwoCapuchins，thelastconsummationofcollapseinman，iswhatVoltairecannotforget，butcrowsoverwithhisshrillestmockery；andseldommentionsMaupertuiswithoutthatlasttouchtohislife—drama。
GRANDFRENCHINVASION—SCHEMECOMESENTIRELYTOWRECK
（QuiberonBay，20thNovember，1759）:OFCONTROLLER—GENERAL
SILHOUETTE，ANDTHEOUTLOOKSOFFRANCE，FINANCIALANDOTHER。
OntheverydayofMaxen，Tuesday，November20th，thegrandFrenchInvasionfounditsterminus，——notontheshoresofBritain，butofBrittany，toitssurprise。WesawRodneyburntheFlat—bottommanufactoryatHavre；BoscawenchasetheToulonSquadron，tillitendedontherocksofLagos。FromJanuaryonwards，aswasthenmentioned，Hawkehadbeenkeepingwatch，offBrestHarbor，onAdmiralConflans，whopresidesthereovermultifariouspreparations，withthelastFleetFrancenowhas。AtVannes，whereHawkelikewisehasshipswatching，aremultifariouspreparations；
newFlat—bottoms，18，000troops，——couldConflansandtheyonlygettosea。Atthelonglast，theydidget；——inmannerfollowing:——
\"November9th，awildgaleofwindhadblownHawkeoutofsight；
awayhometoTorbay，forthemoment。’Nowisthetime！’thoughtConflans，andputtosea（November14th）；metbyHawke，whohadweighedfromTorbaytohisduty；andwho，ofcourse，crowdedeverysail，afterhearingthatConflanswasout。Atbreakofday，November20th[intheveryhourswhenpoorFinckwasembattlinghimselfroundMaxen，andDaunsprawlingupuponhimthroughthePasses]，Hawkehadhadsignal，’AFleetinsight；’andsoonafter，’Conflansinsight，’——andthedayoftrialcome。
\"ConflansisaboutthestrengthofHawke，andFranceexpectsmuchofhim；butheisnotexpectingHawke。Conflansisbusy，atthismoment，inthemouthofQuiberonBay，openingtheroadforVannesandthe18，000；——inhotchase，atthemoment，ofaCommodoreDuffandhissmallSquadron，whohavebeenkeepingwatchthere，andarenowrunningalltheycan。Onasudden，totheastonishmentofConflans，thislittleSquadronwhirlsround，everyshipofit（withasky—rendingcheer，couldhehearit），andcommenceschasing！
Conflans，takingsurvey，seesthatitisHawke；he，sureenough，comingdownfromwindwardyonderathishighestspeed；andthatchasingwillnotnowbeone’sbusiness！——
\"About11A。M。Hawkeishere；eightofhisvanwardshipsaresweepingonforaction。Conflans，atfirst，haddeterminedtofightHawke；anddrewupaccordingly，anddidtryalittle:butgraduallythoughtbetterofit；anddecidedtotakeshelterintheshoalycoastsandnooksthereabouts，whichwereunknowntoHawke，andmightruinhimifheshouldpursue，thedaybeingshort，andtheweatherextremelybad。Weatheritselfalmosttobecalledastorm。
’Shoreward，then；eastward，everyship！’became，ultimately，Conflans’splan。Onthewhole，itwas2intheafternoonheforeHawke，withthosevanwardEight，couldgetclutchofConflans。Andtrulyhedidthenstrikehisclawsintohiminathunderouslyfervidmanner，heandallhands，inspiteoftheroaringweather:——
amanoffalcon，oraccipitral，natureaswellasname。
\"Conflanshimselffoughtwell；asdidcertainoftheothers，——all，moreorless，solongastheirplancontinuedsteady:——thunderousmiscellanyofcannonandtempest；Conflanswithhisplansteady，orConflanswithhisplanwavering，VERSUSthosevanwardEight，fortwohoursormore。Butthescenewastoodreadful；thisshipsinking，thatobligedtostrike；thingsallgoingawryforConflans。Hawke，inhisownFlagship，boredownspeciallyonConflansinhis，——whodidwait，andexchangeacoupleofbroadsides；butthensheeredoff，findingitsoheavy。FrenchVice—
AdmiralnextlikewisegaveHawkeabroadside；oneonly，andsheeredoff，satisfiedwiththereturn。SomeFourothers，insuccession，didthelike；’Oneblast，aswehurryby’（makingfortheshore，mostly）！SothatHawkeseemedswallowedinvolcanoes（though，indeed，theirfiringwasverybad，suchaflurryamongthem），andhisBlueFlagwasinvisibleforsometime，andvariousshipswerehasteningtohelphim，——tillaFifthFrenchshipcomingupwithherbroadside，Hawkeansweredherinparticular（LASUPERBE，aSeventy—
four）withallhisgunstogether；whichsentthepoorshiptothebottom，inahideouslysuddenmanner。Oneother（theTHESEE）hadalreadysunkinfighting；two（theSOLEILandtheHEROS）werealreadyrunningforit，——theHEROSinaveryunheroicmanner！
Butonthisterribleplunge—homeoftheSUPERBE，therestallmadefortheshore；——andescapedintotherockyintricaciesandthedarkness。FourofConflans’sshipswerealreadygone，——struck，sunk，orotherwiseextinct，——whendarknessfell，andveiledConflansandhisdistresses。’Countrypeople，tothenumberof10，000，’crowdedontheshore，hadbeenseenwatchingtheBattle；
and，’assadwitnessesoftheWhiteFlag’sdisgrace，’disappearedintotheinterior。\"[Beatson，ii。327—345:andIb。iii。244—250。
InGentleman’sMagazine，（xxix。557），\"AChaplain’sLetter，\"&c。]
Itwassuchanightasmenneverwitnessedbefore。Walpolesays:
\"Theroaringoftheelementswasredoubledbythethunderfromourships；andbothconcurredinthatsceneofhorrortoputaperiodtotheNavyandhopesofFrance。SevenshipsofthelinegotintotheRiverVilaine[laytherefourteenmonths，understrictwatching，tilltheirbackswerebroken，\"thumpingagainsttheshallowbottomeverytide，\"andonly\"three，withthreefrigates，\"
evergotoutagain]；eightmoreescapedtodifferentports，\"into——PAGE371BOOKXIX———NOOPENINGQUOTESFORTHESECLOSING——^————
theRiverCharenteultimately。\"Conflans’sownshipandanotherwererunonshore，andburnt。Onewetook。\"Two，withtheircrews，hadgonetothebottom；oneunderHawke’scannon；onepartlybyitsownmismanagement。\"Twoofourswerelostinthestorm[chasingthatSOLEILandHEROS]，butthecrewssaved。LordHowe，whoattackedLAFORMIDABLE，boredownonherwithsuchviolence，thatherprowforcedinhislowertierofguns。CaptainDigby，intheDUNKIRK，receivedthefireoftwelveoftheenemy’sships，andlostnotaman。Keppel’swasfullofwater，andhethoughtitsinking:
asuddensquallemptiedhisship；buthewasinformedallhispowderwaswet；’Then，’saidhe，’IamsorryIamsafe。’Theycameandtoldhimasmallquantitywasundamaged；’Verywell，’saidhe；
’thenattackagain。’Notaboveeightofourshipswereengagedinobtainingthatdecisivevictory。TheInvasionwasheardofnomore。\"[Walpole，GeorgeSecond，iii。232。——
HereistheList，accuratelyriddledout:1。FORMIDABLE，struck（about4P。M。）:2。THESEE，sunk（byatumbleitmade，whileinaction，underanunskilfulCaptain）:3。SUPERBE，sunk:4。HEROS，struck；couldnotheboarded，suchweather；andrecommencednextday，buthadtorunandstranditself，andbeburntbytheEnglish；——asdid（5。）theSOLEILROYAL（Conflans’sFlagship），Conflansandcrew（likethoseoftheHEROS）gettingoutintime。]
Invasionhadbeenfullyintended，andeven，inthesefinaldays，considerablyexpected。IntheoldLondonNewspaperswereadthisnotice:MONDAY，NOVEMBER19th:\"To—daytherecameThreeExpresses，\"——ThreeExpresses，withwhathasteintheireyes，testifyingsuccessivelyofConflans’swhereabouts。ButitwasbelievedthatHawkewouldstillmanage。And，atanyrate，Pittworesuchalook，——andhad，infact，madesuchpreparationonthecoasts，eveninfailureofHawke，——therewasnoalarmanywhere。
Indignationrather；——andnaturally，whenthenewsdidcome，whatanoutburstofIlluminationinthewindowsandtheheartsofmen！
\"HawkecontinuedwatchingthemouthsoftheVilaineandCharenteRiversforagoodwhileafter，andwithoutinterruptionhenceforth，——tillthestormsofWinterhadplainlyclosedthemforoneseason。
SuppliesoffreshprovisionshadcometohimfromEnglandallSummer；butwerestoppedlatterlybythewildweather。Uponwhich，intheFleet，arosethisgravelypatheticStaveofSea—Poetry，withawrinkleofbrinyhumorgrinninginit:——
TillHawkedidbangMonsieurConflans[CONGFLANG]，Yousentusbeefandbeer；
NowMonsieur’sbeat，we’venoughttoeat，Sinceyouhavenoughttofear。\"[Beatson，ii。342n。]
TheFrenchmodeoftakingthiscatastrophewasratherpeculiar。
HearBarbier，anEye—witness；datingPARIS，DECEMBER，1759:
\"SincethefirstdaysofDecember，therehasbeencried，andsoldinthestreets，aPrintedDetailofallthatconcernstheGRAND
INVASIONprojectedthislongwhile:towit，thenumberofShipsoftheLine，ofFrigates，Galiots，——amongothers500Flat—bottomedBoats，whicharetocarryover，andlandinEngland，morethan54，000men；——withlistoftheRegiments，andnumberoftheKing’sGuards，thatarealsotogo:thereareannouncedforGenerals—in—
Chief，M。lePrincedeConti[doreadersrememberhimsincetheBroglio—Mailleboistime，andhowKingLouisprophesiedinautographthathewouldbe\"theGrandConti\"oneday？]——PrincedeConti，PrincedeSoubise[lefthisConquestofFrankfurtforthisgreaterEnterprise]，andMilordThomont[IrishJacobite，whomIdon’tknow]。AssequeltothisDetail，thereisalengthySongontheDISEMBARKMENTINENGLAND，andthefeartheEnglishmusthaveofit！\"Calculatedtoastonishthepracticalforensicmind。
\"Itisinconceivable\"，continueshe，\"howtheyhavepermittedsuchaPiecetobeprinted；stillmoretobecried，andsoldpriceonehalfpenny（DEUXLIARDS）。ThisSongisindecent，inthecircumstancesoftheactualnewsfromourFleetatBrest（20thoflastmonth）；——inregardtowhichbadadventureM。leMarquisdeConflanshascometoVersailles，tojustifyhimself，andthrowtheblameonM。leMarquisdeBeauffremont[hisRear—Admiral，nowsafeintheCharente，witheightofourpoorships]。Suchthingsarethemoreoutofplace，asweareinabadenoughposition，——noFlat—
bottomsstirringfromtheports，noTroopsoftheMAISONDUROI
settingout；andhavereasontobelievethatwearenowtomakenosuchattempt。\"[Barbier，iv。336。]
Silhouette，theController—General，wasthoughttohaveacreativegeniusinfinance:butintheeighthmonthofhisgestation，whatphenomenaarethese？October26th，therecameoutFourDecreesofCouncil，settingforth，That，\"astheexpensesoftheWarexceednotonlytheKing’sordinaryrevenues，buttheextraordinarieshehashadtolayonhispeople，thereisnothingforitbut，\"infact，SuspensionofPayment；actualTemporaryBankruptcy:——\"Cannotpayyou；partofyounotforayear，othersofyounottilltheWarend；willgiveyou5percentinterestinstead。\"Coupledwithwhich，bythesamecreativegenius，isaDeclarationintheKing’sname，\"ThattheKingcompelsnobody，butdoesinviteallandsundryofloyalmindtosendtheirPlate（onloan，ofcourse，andwithduereceiptforit）totheMinttobecoined，lestMajestycometohaveotherwisenomoney，\"——hisveryvalets，asisprivatelyknown，havinghadnowagesfromhimfortenmonthspast。
WhereupontherichPrincesoftheBlood，Dued’Orleansforemost，andOfficialpersons，Pompadour，Belleisle，Choiseul，domakeaneffort；andeverybodythathasPlatefeelsuneasilythathecannotuseit，andthatheoughttosendit。And，November5th，theKing’sownPlate，packedostentatiouslyincarts，wenttotheMint；——theDauphiness，nobleSaxonLady，hadalreadyvolunteeredwithasilvertoilet—tableofhers，brand—newandofexquisitecostlypattern；
buttheKingforbadeher。Onsuchexamples，everybodyhadtomakeaneffort，oruneasilytrytomakeone。KingFriedrich，eightdaysafterMaxen，issomewhatamusedattheseproceedingsinthedistance:——
\"ThekettlesandspoonsoftheFrenchseemtomeapleasantresource，forcarryingonWar！\"writeshetoD’Argens。[\"Wilsdruf，28thNovember，1759，\"OEuvresdeFrederic，
xix。108。]\"Abitofmummerytoactonthepublicfeeling，I
suppose。Theresultofitwillbesmall:butastheBelleisleLETTERS[takeninContades’sbaggage，afterMinden，andprintedbyDukeFerdinandforpublicedification]makealwayssuchanoutcryaboutpoverty，thosepeoplearetryingtoimposeontheirenemies，andpersuadethemthatthecarvedandchiselledsilveroftheKingdomwillsufficeformakingavigorousCampaign。Iseenothingelsethatcanhavesetthemonimaginingthefarcetheyarenowat。
ThereisMunstertakenfromthembytheEnglish—Hanoverianpeople；
itisaffirmedthattheFrench，onthe25th，quittedGiessen，tomarchonFriedbergandrepasstheRhine[mightpossiblyhavedoneso；——buttheHereditaryPrinceandhis12，000cometobeneededelsewhere！]——Poorweareoppositeourenemieshere，cantonedintheVillagesabout；thelasttrussofstraw，thelastloafofbreadwilldecidewhichofusistoremaininSaxony。AndastheAustriansareextremelysqueezedtogether，andcangetnothingoutofBohmen，\"——onehopesitwillnotbethey！
AllthroughNovember，thissendingofPlate，Ineverknewwithwhatnet—resultofmoneyscoinable，goesoninParis；till，atthehighesttables，thereisnothingofsilverdishesleft；——andanewcrockerykind（ratherclumsy；\"CULSNOIRS，\"aswederisivelycallthem，pigmentofBOTTOMpartbeingBLACK）hashadtobecontrivedinstead。Underwhatastonishmentsabroadandathome，andinthelatterregionunderwhatexecrationsonSilhouette，maybeimagined。\"TOUTLEMONDEJUREBEAUCOUPCONTREM。DESILHOUETTE，Alltheworldswearsmuchagainsthim，\"saysBarbier；——butIbelieveprobablyhewasmuchtobepitied:\"Acreativegenius，you；andthisiswhatyoucometo？\"
November22d，thepoormangotdismissed；Franceswearingathim，I
knownottowhatdepth；buthowlingandhissing，evidently，withallitsmight。Theverytailorsandmillinerstookhimup，——
trouserswithoutpockets，dresseswithoutflounceorfold，whichtheycalledALASILHOUETTE:——and，tothisday，inFranceandContinentalCountries，theold—fashionedShadow—Profile（mereoutline，andvacantblack）ispracticallycalledaSILHOUETTE。
SothattheveryDictionarieshavehim；and，likebadCountReinhart，orREYNARD，ofearlierdate，hehasbecomeaNounAppellative，andisimmortalizedinthatway。ThefirstofthatconsiderableSeriesofCreativeFinanciers，AbbeTerrayandtherest，——broughtinsuccessivelywithblessings，anddismissedwithcursingsandhissings，——whoendinCalonne，LomeniedeBrienne，andwhatMirabeauPerecalled\"theGeneralOverturn（CULBUTE
GENERALE）。\"Thitherward，privately，straighttowardstheGeneralOverturn，isFrancebound；——andwillarriveinaboutthirtyyears。