ThePrussianstaketheirpostatandroundHennersdorfthatnight；
——bivouacking，thoughonlyinsacktrousers，ablanketeachman:——
\"Weworkhard，mymen，andsufferallthingsforadayortwo，thatitmaysavemuchworkafterwards，\"saidtheKingtothem；andtheycheerfullybivouacked。
ThiswastheActionofKatholisch—Hennersdorf，foughtonTuesday，23dNovember，1745；andstillcelebratedinthePrussianAnnals，andreckonedabrilliantpassageofwar。KATHOLISCH—Hennersdorf，sometenmilessouthwestofNaumburgONTHEQUEISS（forthereare，tomyknowledge，Twenty—fiveotherVillagescalledHennersdorf，andThreeseveralTownsofNaumburg，andmanyCastlesandHamletssonamedindearGermanyoftheNomenclatures）:——Katholisch—
Hennersdorfistheplace，andTuesdayaboutduskthetime。Asharpbrushoffighting；notgreatinquantity，butlaidinattherightmoment，intherightplace。Liketheprickofaneedle，dulysharp，intothespinalmarrowofagiganticobject；totallyruinoustosuchobject。Never，orrarely，intheAnnalsofWar，wasasmuchgoodgotofsolittlefighting。Youmay，withlaborandperil，plungeahundreddirksintoyourboaconstrictor；hackhimwithaxes，brayhimwithsledge—hammers；thatisnotuncommon:buttheonetrueprickinthespinalmarrow，andtheArtistthatcanguideyouwelltothat，heanditarethenotableandbeneficentphenomena。
PRINCEKARL，CUTINTWO，TUMBLESHOMEAGAINDOUBLE—QUICK。
Nextmorning，Wednesday，24th，thePrussiansareearlyastiragain；
groping，onallmannerofroads，tofindwhatPrinceKarlisdoing，inaworldallcoveredinthickmist。Theycanfindnothingofhim，butbrokentumbrils，leftbaggage—wagons，rumorofuniversalmarchinghitherandmarchingthither；——evidencesofanArmyfallenintouniversalSt。Vitus’s—Dance；distractedlyhurryingtoandfro，notknowingwhitherwardforthemoment，exceptthatitmustbehomewards，homewardswithvelocity。
PrinceKarl’sfarthermovementsarenotworthparticularizing。
Orderingandcross—ordering；marchthisway；no，backagain:suchasceneinthatmist。PrinceKarlisflowinghomeward；confusedlydelugingandgurglingsouthward，thebesthecan。Nextafternoon，nearGorlitz，andagainoneothertime，heappearsdrawnup，asifforfighting；buthashimselfnosuchthought；fliesagain，withoutashot；leavesGorlitztocapitulate，thatafternoon；allplacestocapitulate，orbeevacuated。WehearheisforZittau；
Winterfeldwithlighthorsehastensafterhim，getssightofhimontheHeightsatZittauyonder，[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。157；Orlich，ii。296。]\"abouttwointhemorning:\"
butthePrincehasnottheleastnotiontofight。PrinceleavesZittautocapitulate，——quitssilentlytheHeightsofZittauattwoA。M。（Winterfeld，verylivelyintherearofhim，cuttingoffhisbaggage）；——andsotumbles，pell—mell，throughthePassesofGabel，hometoBohemiaagain。LetussavethispoorNotefromthefire:
\"OnSaturdaynight，November27th，thePrussians，pursuingPrinceKarl，werecantonedintheHerrnhuthneighborhood，——myinformant’sregimentintheTownofHerrnhuthitself。[Feldzuge，i。ubisupra。]Yes，therelaythePrussiansoverSunday；
andmighthearsomeweightyexpounder，iftheyliked。
Considerablytheological，manyofthesepoorPrussiansoldiers；
carryingaBibleintheirknapsack，anddevoutPsalmsintheheartofthem。Two—thirdsofeveryregimentareLANDESKINDER，nativePrussians；eachregimentfromaspecialcanton，——generallyratherreligiousmen。Theotherthirdarerecruits，gatheredintheFreeTownsoftheReich，orwheretheycanbegot；notdistinguishedbydevotionthese，wemayfancy，onlytrainedtotheuttermostbySpartandrill。\"
Beforetheweekisdone，that\"firstleg\"ofthegrandEnterprise（thePrince—Karlleg）issuchalegaswesee。\"Silesiainthelump，\"——fonddreamagain，whatadream！OldDessauergettingsignal，wherenow，tooprobably，isSaxonyitself？——RankingagainatAussiginBohemia，PrinceKarl——5，000ofhismenlost，andallimpetusandfiregone——fallsgentlydowntheElbe，tojoinRutowskiatleast；andwillreappearwithinfourweeks，outofSaxonSwitzerland，stillratherindismalhumor。
ThePrussianTroops，infourgreatDivisions，arecantonedinthatLausitzCountry，nowsoquiet；inandaboutBautzenandthreeotherTownsoftheneighborhood；torestandbereadyfortheoldDessauer，whenwehearofhim。The\"MagazineatGubenin138
wagons，\"theGorlitzandotherMagazinesofPrinceKarlintheduenumberofwagons，supplythemwithcomfortabIeunexpectedprovender。Thustheyliecantoned；andhavewithdespatcheffectuallysettledtheirpartoftheproblem。Questionnowis，HowwillitstandwiththeOldDessauerandhispart？Or，betterstill，WouldnotperhapstheSaxons，inthishumiliatedstate，acceptPeace，andfinishthematter？
ChapterXIV。
BATTLEOFKESSELSDORF。
A\"Correspondence\"ofacertainExcellencyVilliers，EnglishMinisteratDresden，——SirThomasVilliers，GrandfatherofthepresentEarlofClarendon，——wasveryfamousinthoseweeks；andisstillworthmention，asatraitofFriedrich’sprocedureinthiscrisis。Friedrich，notintoxicatedwithhisswifttriumphoverPrinceKarl，butcalculatingtheperilsandthechancesstillahead，——miserablyoffformoneytoo，——admitstohimselfthatnotrevengeortriumph，thatPeaceistheonethingneedfultohim。
November29th，OldLeopoldisenteringSaxony；andinthesamehours，PodewilsatBerlin，byorderofFriedrich，writestoVillierswhoisinDresden，aboutPeace，aboutmediatingforPeace:
\"MyKingreadyanddesirous，nowasatalltimes，forPeace；thetermsofitknown；termsnotaltered，notalterable，nobargainingorhigglingneededorallowable。CONVENTIONOFHANOVER，lethisPolishMajestyaccedehonestlytothat，andallthesemiseriesareended。\"[\"CORRESPONDANCEDUROIAVECSIRTHOMASVILLIERS；\"
commences，onPodewils’spart，28thNovember；onFriedrich’s，4thDecember；ends，onVillier’s，18thDecember；fourteenPiecesinall，fourofthemFriedrich’s:GiveninOEuvresdeFrederic，iii。183—216（seeIB，158），andinmanyotherBooks。]
Villiersstartsinstantlyonthisbeneficentbusiness；\"goestoCourt，onit，thatverynight；\"Villiersshowshimselfreallydiligent，reasonable，loyal；doinghisverybestnowandafterwards；buthasnosuccessatall。PolishMajestyisobstinate，——Ialwaysthink，inthewaysheepare，whentheyfeelthemselvestoomuchputupon；——andisdeaftoeverybodybutBruhl。
Bruhlanswers:\"LethisPrussianMajestyretirefromourTerritory；——whatishedoingintheLausitzjustnow！RetirefromourTerritory；THENwewilltreat！\"Bruhlstillrefusestobedesperateofhisbadgame；——atanyrate，Bruhl’srageisyellowerthanever。That，veryevening，whiletalkingtoVilliers，hehashadpreparationsgoingon；——andnextmorningtakeshisMaster，PolishMajestyAugustIII。，withsomecomfortableminimumofapparatus（cigar—boxesnotforgotten），offtoPrag，wheretheycanbeoutofdangertillthethingdecideitself。VilliersfollowstoPrag；desistsnotfromhiseloquentLetters，andearnestpersuasionsatPrag；butbeginstoperceivethatthemeansofpersuadingBruhlwillbeamuchheavierkindofartillery。
Onthewhole，negotiationshaveyetdonelittle。BritannicGeorge，thoughPurseholder，whatishissuccesshere？AslittleistheRussianBugbearpersuasiveonFriedrichhimself。TheCzarinaoftheRussias，aluxuriouslady，offarmoreweightthaninsight，hasjustnotifiedtohim，withmoreemphasisthanever，ThatheshallnotattackSaxony；thatifhedo，shewithconsiderablevigorwillattackhim！ThathasalwaysbeenaformidablepuzzleforFriedrich:
however，hereflectsthattheRussiansnevercoulddrawsword，orbereadywiththeirArmy，inlessthansixmonths，probablynotintwelve；andhasanswered，translatingitintopoliteofficialterms:\"Fee—faw—fum，yourCzarishMajesty！Questionisnotnowofattacking，butofbeingmyselfattacked！\"——andsoisnowrunninghisriskswiththeCzarina。
StillworsewastheresulthegotfromLouisXV。Lately，\"forform’ssake，\"ashetellsus，\"andnotexpectinganything，\"hehad（November15th）madeanewappealtoFrance:\"RuinmenacingyourMostChristianMajesty’sAlly，inthishugesuddencrisisofinvasiveAustrian—Saxons；andforyourMajesty’ssake，mayInotinsomemeasuresay？\"TowhichLouis’sAnswerisalsogiven。Averysickly，unpleasantDocument；testifyingtoconsiderablepiqueagainstFriedrich；——Rankesays，itwasajointproduction，alltheMinistersgraduallycontributingeachhislittlepinchofironytomakeitspicier，andLouissigningwhenitwasenough；——veryconsiderablepiqueagainstFriedrich；andsomethingofthestupidsulkinessasofafatbadboy，almostgladthatthehouseisonfire，becauseitwillburnhisnimbleyoungerbrother，whomeverybodycallssoclever:\"Sorryindeed，SirmyBrother，mostsorry:——andsoyouhaveactuallysignedthatHANOVERCONVENTION
withourworstEnemy？Franceisfarfromhavingdoneso；Francehasdone，andwilldo，greatthings。OurRoyalheartgrievesmuchatyoursituation；butisnotalarmed；no，YourMajestyhassuchinvention，vigorandability，superiortoanycrisis，ourcleveryoungerBrother！AndherewithweprayGodtohaveyouinhisholykeeping。\"ThisisthepurportofKingLouis’sLetter；——whichFriedrichfoldstogetheragain，lookingupfromperusalofit，wemayfancywithwhataglanceofthoseeyes。[Louis’sOriginal，inOEuvresdeFrederic，iii。173，174（withamuchmoresatiricalparaphrasethantheabove），andFriedrich’sAnsweradjoined，——aftertheeventshadcome。]
Heisgettinginstructed，thisyoungKing，astoalliances，grandcombinations，Frenchandother。HisthirdNotetoVilliersintimates，\"ItbeingevidentthathisPolishMajestywillhavenothingfromusbutfighting，wemusttrytogiveithimofthebestkindwehave。\"[\"Bautzen，11thDecember，1745\"（UBISUPRA）。]
Yestruly；itistheULTIMATEpersuasive，that。Here，incondensedform，aretheessentialdetailsofthecourseitwent，inthisinstance:——
GeneralGrune，ontheroadtoBerlin，hearingoftheroutatHennersdorf，haltedinstantly，——hastenedbacktoSaxony，tojoinRutowskithere，andstandonthedefensive。NotnowinthatHalle—
Frontierregion（Rutowskihasquittedthat，andalltheintrenchmentsandmarshyimpregnabilitiesthere）；notonthatHalle—Frontier，buthoveringaboutintheinterior，RutowskiandGruneareinjunction；gravitatingtowardsDresden；——expectingPrinceKarl’sadvent；whooughttoemergefromtheSaxonSwitzerlandinfewdays，werehesharp；andagainenableustomakeaformidablefigure。Bespeedy，OldDessauer:youmustsettletheGrune—Rutowskiaccountbeforethatjunction，notafterit！
TheOldDessauerhasbeentolerablysuccessful，andbynomeansthinkshehasbeenlosingtime。November29th，\"atthreeinthemorning，\"hesteptoverintoSaxonywithitsimpregnablecamps；
droveRutowski’srear—guard，orremnant，outofthequagmires，canalsandintrenchments，beforedaylight；droveit，thatsameevening，orbeforedawnofthemorrow，outofLeipzig:hasseizedthatTown，——laysheavycontributiononit，nearly50，000pounds（suchourstraitforfinance），\"andbesureyoutakeonlysubstantialmenassureties！\"[Orlich，ii。308。]——andwill，anddoesafteratwodays’rest，advancewithdecentcelerityinwards；
though\"Onemustfirstknowexactlywhither；onemusthavebread，andpreparationsandprecautions；doallthingssolidlyandinorder，\"thinkstheOldDessauer。Friedrichwellknowsthewhither；
andthatDresdenitselfis，ormaybemade，theplaceforfallinginwithRutowski。Friedrichisnowhimselfreadytojoin，fromtheBautzenregion；thedaysandhoursprecioustohim；andspurstheOldDessauerwiththesharpestremonstrances。\"Allsolidlyandinorder，yourMajesty！\"answerstheOldDessauer:solidstrong—bonedoldcoach—horse，whohashisownmodesoftrotting，havingdonemanyaheavymileofitinhistime；andwhoseskin，onehopes，isoftheduethicknessagainstunduespurring。
OldDessauerwishestwothings:breadtoliveupon；andasureBridgeovertheElbewherebyFriedrichmayjoinhim。OldDessauermakesforTorgau，farnorth，whereisbothanElbeBridgeandaMagazine；whichhetakes；Torgauandpertinentsnowhis。ButitisfardowntheElbe，farofffromBautzenandFriedrich:\"AnearerBridgeandrendezvous，yourHighness！Meissen[wheretheymakethechina，onlyfiftymilesfromme，andtwentyfromDresden]，letthatbetheBridge，nowthatyouhavegotvictual。Andspeedy；
forHeaven’ssake，speedy！\"FriedrichpushesoutGeneralLehwaldfromBautzen，with4，000men，towardsMeissenBridge；LehwalddoesnothimselfmeddlewiththeBridge，onlyfiresshotacrossupontheSaxonparty，tilltheOldDessauer，ontheotherbank，comeup；——
andtheOldDessauer，impatiencethinks，willnevercome。\"ThreedaysinTorgau，yes，YourMajesty:Ihadbreadtobake，andtheveryovenshadtobebuilt。\"Asolidoldroadster，withhisownmodesoftrotting；needsthicknessofskin。[Friedrich’sLetterstoLeopold，inOrlich，ii。431，435（6th—10thDecember，1745）。]
Atlonglast，onSunday，12thDecember，abouttwoP。M。，theOldDessauerdoesappear；orGeneralGessler，hisvanguard，doesappear，——Gesslerofthesixty—sevenstandards，——\"alwaysaboutanhourahead。\"GesslerhassummonedMeissen；hasnotgotit，ishagglingwithitaboutterms，when，towardssunsetoftheshortday，OldDessauerhimselfarrives。WhereupontheSaxonCommandantquitstheBridge（notmuchbreakingit）；andglidesoffinthedark，clearoutofMeissen，towardsDresden，——chased，butsuccessfullydefendinghimself。[SeePlan，p。10。]\"Hadhebutstoodoutfortwodays！\"saytheSaxons，——\"PrinceKarlhadthenbeenup，andmuchmighthavebeendifferent。\"Well，Friedrichtoowouldhavebeenup，andithadmostlikelybeenthesameonalargerscale。ButtheSaxonCommandantdidnotstandout；heglidedoff，safe；joinedRutowskiandGrune，whoarelyingaboutWilsdruf，sixorsevenmilesonthehithersideofDresden，andeagerlywaitingforPrinceKarl。\"BridgeandTownofMeissenareyourMajesty’s，\"reportstheOldDessauerthatnight:uponwhichFriedrichinstantlyrises，hasteningthitherward。LehwaldcomesacrossMeissenBridge，effectsthedesiredjunction；andallMondaytheOldDessauerdefilesthroughMeissentownandterritory；
continuallyadvancestowardsDresden，theSaxonsharassingtheflanksofhimalittle，——nayinonedefile，beingsharpstrenuousfellows，theythrewhisrearintosomeconfusion；cutoffcertaincartsandprisoners，andthelifeofonebraveGeneral，Lieutenant—
GeneralRoel，whohadchargethere。\"Spurringone’strotintoagallop！Thiscomesofyourfastmarching，ofyourspurringbeyondtherulesofwar！\"thinksOldLeopold；andFriedrich，whoknowsotherwise，isveryangryforamoment。
Butindeedthecrisisispressing。PrinceKarlisacrosstheMetalMountains，nearingDresdenfromtheeast；FriedrichstrikesintomarchforthesamepointbyMeissen，sosoonastheBridgeishis。
OldLeopoldisadvancingthitherfromthewestward，——steadilyhourbyhour；DresdenCitythefatefulgoal。There，——inthesemiddledaysofDecember，1745（HighlandRebellionjustwhirlingbackfromDerbyagain，\"theLondonshopsshutforoneday\"），——itiscleartherewillbeabigandbloodygameplayedbeforewearemucholder。Verysadindeed:butCountBruhlisnotpersuadableotherwise。Byslumberingandsluggarding，overtheirmoney—tillsandflesh—pots；tryingtotakeevilforgood，andtosay，\"Itwilldo，\"whenitwillnotdo，respectableNationscomeatlasttobegovernedbyBruhls；cannothelpthemselves；——andgettheirbacksbrokeninconsequence。Whynot？WouldyouhaveaNationliveforeverthatiscontenttobegovernedbyBruhls？Thegodsarewiser！——Itisnowthe13th；OldDessauertrampingforward，hourbyhour，towardsDresdenandsomefieldofFate。
OnTuesday，14th，bybreakofday，OldDessauergetsonmarchagain；infourcolumns，inbattleorder；steadyallday，——hardwinterweather，groundcrisp，andfleckedwithsnow。ThePassatNeustadt，\"hiscavalrywentintoitatfullgallop；\"butfoundnobodythere。ThatnightheencampsataplacecalledRohrsdorf；
whichmaybeeightmileswest—by—northfromDresden，asthecrowflies；andtenormore，ifyoufollowthehighwayroundbyWilsdrufonyourright。TherealdirectHighwayfromMeissentoDresdenisontheothersideoftheElbe，andkeepsbytheRiver—bank，afinelevelroad；butonthiswesternside，whereLeopoldnowis，theroadisinland，andgoeswithabend。Leopold，ofcourse，keepscommandofthisroad；hiscolumnsareonbothsidesofit，Riverontheirleftatsomemilesdistance；andincessantlyexpecttofindRutowski，drawnoutonfavorablegroundsomewhere。Thecountryisoffertile，butverybrokencharacter；intersectedbymanybrooks，makingobliquelytowardstheElbe（obliquely，withaleaningMeissen—wards）；countryalwaysmounting，tillhereaboutRohrsdorfweseemtohavealmostreachedthewatershed，andthebrooksmakefortheElbe，leaningDresdenway。Goodpostsaboundinsuchbrokencountry，withitsvillagesandbrooks，withitsthickets，hedgesandpatchesofswamp。ButRutowskihasnotappearedanywhere，duringthisTuesday。
Ourfourcolumns，therefore，lieallnight，underarms，aboutRohrsdorf:andagainbymorrow’sdawnareastirintheoldorder，crunchingfarandwidethefrozenground；andadvance，chargedtothemuzzlewithpotentialbattle。Slightlyupwardsalways，totheactualwatershedofthecountry；leavingWilsdrufalittletotheirright。Wilsdrufishardlypast，whensee，fromthisbroadtable—
land，topofthecountry:\"YonderisRutowski，atlast；——andthisnewWednesdaywillbeaday！\"Yonder，sureenough:drawnoutthreeorfourmileslong；withhisrighttotheElbe，hislefttothatintricateVillageofKesselsdorf；bristlingwithcannon；
deepgulletandswampybrookinfrontofhim:thestrongestpostamancouldhavechoseninthoseparts。
TheVillageofKesselsdorfitselfliesratherinahollow；intheslightbeginning，oruppermostextremity，ofalittleValleyorDell，calledtheTschonengrund，——which，withits，quaggybrookofaTschone，wendsnortheastwardintotheElbe，acourseoffourorfivemiles:alittleValleyverydeepforitslength，andgettingaltogetherchasmyandprecipitoustowardstheElbe—wardorlowerend。Kesselsdorfitself，aswesaid，ismainlyinakindofhollow:
betweenOldLeopoldandKesselsdorfthegroundrathermounts；
andthereisperceptiblyaflatknollorriseattheheadofit，wheretheVillagebegins。Sometreesthere，andabundanceofcannonandgrenadiersatthismoment。Itisthesouthwesternorleft—mostpointofRutowski’sline；impregnablewithitscannon—batteriesandgrenadiers。RightwardRutowskiextendsinlonglines，withthequaggy—dellofTschonengrundinfrontofhim，paralleltohim；
Delleverdeepeningasitgoes。Northeastward，attheextremeright，orElbepointofit，whereGruneandtheAustriansstand，ithasgrownsochasmy，wejudgethatGrunecanneitheradvancenorbeMAP/PLANGOESHERE——book15continuation——page10——
advancedupon:soweleavehimstandingthere，——whichhedidallday，inapurelymeditativeposture。Rutowskinumbers35，000，nowonthisground，withimmensityofcannon；32，000we，withonlytheusualfield—artillery，andsuchaTschonengrund，withitshalf—
frozenquagmiresahead。Aticklishcasefortheoldman，ashegrimlyreconnoitresit，inthewintermorning。
GrimOldDessauerhavingreconnoitred，andrapidlyconsidered，decidestotryit，——whatelse？——willrangehimselfonthewestsideofthatTschonengrund，horseandfoot；twolines，wideasRutowskioppositehim；butmeanstodirecthismainandprimeeffortagainstKesselsdorf，whichisclearlythekeyoftheposition，ifitcan。
betaken。ForwhichendtheOldDessauerlengthenshimselfouttorightward，soastooutflankKesselsdorf；——neglectingGrune（refusingGrune，asthesoldierssay）:——\"ourhorseoftherightwingreachedfromtheWoodcalledLerchenbusoh（LARCH—BUSH）
rightwardasfarasFreybergroad；footallbetweenthatLerchenbuschandthebigBirch—treeontheroadtoWilsdruf；
horseoftheleftwing，fromtheretoRoitsch。\"[Stille（p。181），whowaspresent。SeePlan。]ItwasabouttwoP。M。beforetheoldmangotallhisdeploymentscompleted；whatcorpsofhis，deployingthiswayorthat，camewithinwindofKesselsdorf，weresalutedwithcannon，thirtypiecesormore，whichareinbattery，inthreebatteries，ontheknollthere；butotherwisenofightingasyet。
Attwo，theOldDessaueriscomplete；hereverentlydoffshishat，ashadalwaysbeenhiswont，inprayertoGod，beforegoingin。
Agrimfervorofprayerisinhisheart，doubtless；thoughthewordsasreportedarenotveryregularororthodox:\"OHERRGOTT，helpmeyetthisonce；letmenotbedisgracedinmyolddays！
Orifthouwiltnothelpme，don’thelpthoseHUNDSVOGTE[damnedScoundrels，sotospeak]，butleaveustotryitourselves！\"
ThatistheOldScandinavianofaDessauer’sprayer；akindofGODURhetoo，PriestaswellasCaptain:Prayermythicallytrueasgiven；mythically，nototherwise。[Ranke，iii。334n。]Whichdone，hewaveshishatonce，\"On，inGod’sname！\"andthestormisloose。
Prussianrightwingpushinggrandlyforward，bentinthatmanner，totakeKesselsdorfanditsfire—throatsinflank。
ThePrussianstramponwiththeusualgrim—browedresolution，footinfront，horseinrear；buttheyhaveaterribleproblematthatKesselsdorf，withitsretrenchedbatteries，andnumerousgrenadiersfightingundercover。Theverygroundissoreagainstthem；
uphill，andthetrampledsnowwearingintoaslide，sothatyousprawlandstaggersadly。Thirty—onebigguns，andabout9，000
small，pouringoutmeredeathonyou，fromthatknoll—head。
ThePrussiansstagger；cannotstandit；bendtorightwards，andgetoutofshot—range；cannotmanageitthisbout。Rally，reinforce；
tryitagain。Again，withawill；butagainthereisnotaway。
ThePrussiansareagainrepulsed；fallback，downthisslipperycourse，inmoredisorderthanthefirsttime。HadtheSaxonsstoodstill，steadilyhandlingarms，how，onsuchterms，couldthePrussianseverhavemanagedit？
Butatsightofthissecondrepulse，theSaxongrenadiers，andespeciallyonebattalionofAustrianswhowerethere（theonlyAustrianswhofoughtthisday），gaveashout\"Victory！\"——andintheheightoftheirenthusiasm，rushedout，thisAustrianbattalionfirstandtheSaxonsafterthem，tochargethesePrussians，andsweeptheworldclearofthem。Itwastheruinoftheirbattle；
afatalhollaingbeforeyouareoutofthewoods。OldLeopold，quickasthought，noticingthething，hurlscavalryonthesevictoriousdown—plunginggrenadiers；slashesthemasunder，intomererecoilingwhirlpoolsofruin；sothat\"fewofthemgotbackunwounded；\"andthePrussiansstorminginalongwiththem，——aidedbyevernewPrussians，frombeyondtheTschonengrundeven，——theplacewasatlengthcarried；andtheSaxonbattlebecamehopeless。
For，theirrightbeinginsuchhurricane，thePrussiansfromthecentre，aswehint，stormforwardwithal；willnotbeheldbackbytheTschonengrund。TheyfindtheTschonengrundquaggyintheextreme，\"brookfrozenatthesides，butwaist—deepofliquidmudinthecentre；\"crossit，nevertheless，towardstheupperpartofit，——youngMoritzofDessauleadingtheway，tohelphisoldFatherinextremity。Theyclimbtheoppositeside，——quiteslipperyinplaces，but\"helpingoneanotherup；\"——noSaxonstheretillyougetfairlyatop，whichwasanoversightontheSaxonpart。Fairlyatop，MoritzissalutedbytheSaxonswithdiligentmusket—volleys；
butMoritzalsohasmusket—volleysinhim，bayonet—chargesinhim；
eagertohelphisoldPapaatthishardpinch。OldPapahastheSaxonsinflank；sendsmoreandevermoreothercavalryinonthem；
andinfact，therightwingaltogetherstormsviolentlythroughKesselsdorf，andsweepsitclean。WholeregimentsoftheSaxonsaremadeprisoners；Roel’sLightHorseweseethere，takingstandards；
cuttingviolentlyintoavengeRoel’sdeath，andtheaffronttheyhadatMeissenlately。FuriousMoritzontheirfront，fromacrosstheTschonengrund；furiousRoel（GHOSTofRoel）andothersintheirflank，throughKesselsdorf:nostandingfortheSaxonslonger。
Aboutnightfall，——theirhorsehavingmadepoorishfight，thoughthefoothadstoodtoitlikemen，——theyrolluniversallyaway。
ThePrussianleftwingofhorsearesummonedthroughtheTschonengrundtochase:hadthereremainedanotherhourofdaylight，theSaxonArmyhadbeenonewideruin。Hiddenindarkness，theSaxonArmyebbedconfusedlytowardsDresden:withthelossof6，000prisonersand3，000killedandwounded:acompletelybeatenArmy。ItisthelastbattletheSaxonsfoughtasaNation，——
orprobablywillfight。BattlecalledofKesselsdorf:Wednesday，15thDecember，1745。
PrinceKarlhadarrivedatDresdenthenightbefore；heardallthisvolleyingandcannonading，fromthedistance；butdidnotseegoodtointerfereatall。Toowideapart，somesay；quarteredatunreasonablydistantvillages，bysomeirrefragableignorantWar—
clerkofBruhl’sappointing，——fatalBruhl。Otherssay，hisHighnesshadhimselfnomind；andmadeexcusesthathistroopsweretired，disheartenedbythetwobeatingslately，——whatwillbecomeofusincaseofathirdorfourth！Itiscertain，PrinceKarldidnothing。
NorhasGrime’scorps，therightwing，doneanythingexceptmeditate:——itstoodthereunattacked，unattacking；tilldeepinthedarknight，whenRutowskirememberedit，andsentitordertocomehome。OneAustrianbattalion，thatofgrenadiersontheknollatKesselsdorf，didactuallyfight；——anddidbeginthatfataloutbreak，andquittingofthepostthere；\"whichlosttheBattletous！\"saytheSaxons。
Hadthosegrenadiersstoodintheirplace，thereisnoPrussianbutadmitsthatitwouldhavebeenaterriblebusinesstotakeKesselsdorfanditsbatteries。Buttheydidnotstand；theyrushedout，shouting\"Victory；\"andlostusthebattle。AndthatisthegoodwehavegotofthesublimeAustrianAlliance；andthatisthepassourgrandschemeofPartitioningPrussiahascometo？
FatallittleBruhlofthethreehundredandsixty—fiveclothes—
suits；ValetfatallybecomedivineinValet—hood，——arenotyoucostingyourCountrydear！
OldDessauer，gloriousinthelastofhisfields，layonhisarmsallnightinthepostsabout；threebulletsthroughhisroquelaure，noscratchofwoundupontheoldman。YoungMoritztoo\"hadabulletthroughhiscoat—skirt，andthreehorsesshotunderhim；
butnohurt，theAlmighty’sgracepreservinghim。\"
[Feldzuge，i。434。]ThisMoritzistheThirdoftheBrothers，agenowthirty—three；andweshallhearconsiderablyabouthimintimescoming。Alean，tall，austereman；
and，\"ofalltheBrothers，mostresembledhisFatherinhisways。\"
PrinceDietrichisinLeipzigatpresent；lookingtothatcontributionof50，000pounds；tothat，andtoothercontributionsandnecessarymatters；——andhasdoneallhisfighting（asitchanced），thoughhesurvivedhisBrothersmanyyears。OldPapawillnowgethisdischargebeforelong（quitesuddenly，onemorning，byparalyticstroke，7thApril，1747）；andresthonorablywiththeSonsofThor。[YoungLeopold，thesuccessor，died16thDecember，1751，agefifty—two；Dietrich（whohadthereuponquittedsoldiering，totakechargeofhisNephewleftminor，anddidnotresumeit），died2dDecember，1769；Moritz（soldiertothelast），11thApril，1760。SeeMilitair—Lexikon，i。
43，34，38，47。]
ChapterXV。
PEACEOFDRESDEN:FRIEDRICHDOESMARCHHOME。
FriedrichhimselfhadgottoMeissen，Tuesday，l4th；noenemyonhisroad，ornonetospeakof:Friedrichwasthere，ornotyetfaracross，allWednesday；collectinghimself，waiting，ontheslip，forasignalfromOldLeopold。Soundofcannon，uptheElbeDresden—ward，isreportedtheretoFriedrich，thatafternoon:
cannon，sureenough，notesFriedrich；anddeepdim—rollingpeals，asofvolleyingsmall—arms；\"theskyallonfireoverthere，\"asthehoar—frostyeveningfell。OldLeopoldbusyatit，seemingly。
ThatistheglareoftheOldDessauer’scountenance；whoisgivingvoice，inthatmanner，totheearthlyandtheheavenlypowers；
conqueringPeaceforus，letushope！
Friedrich，asmaybesupposed，madehisbestspeednextmorning:
\"Allwell！\"saythemessengers；allwell，saysOldLeopold，whomhemeetsatWilsdruf，andwelcomeswithajoyfulembrace；
\"dismountingfromhishorse，atsightofLeopold，andadvancingtomeethimwithdoffedhatandopenarms，\"——andsuchwordsandtreatments，thatday，asmadetheoldman’sfacevisiblyshine。
\"YourHighnessshallconductme！\"AndthetwomadesurveytogetheroftheactualFieldofKesselsdorf；strewnwiththeghastlywrecksofbattle，——manycitizensofDresdenstrollingabout，orsorrowfullyseekingfortheirlostonesamongthewoundedanddead。
Nohurttothesepoorcitizens，whodreadnone；helptothemrather:suchisFriedrich’smind，——concerningwhich，intheAnecdote—Books，thereareNarratives（notworthgiving）ofavapidlyromanticcharacter，crediblethoughinexact。[Fortheindisputablepart，seeOrlich，ii。343，344；andOEuvresdeFrederic，iii。170。]Friedrich，whomaywellbeprofuseofthanksandpraises，charmstheOldDessauerwhiletheywalktogether；braveoldmanwithhisholedroquelaure。
Forcertain，hehasdonetheworkthere，——agreatdealofworkinhistime！Joylooksthroughhisoldroughface，ofgunpowdercolor:
theHerrGotthasnotdeliveredhimtothosedamnedScoundrelsintheendofhisdays。——Onthemorrow，Friday，LeopoldrolledgrandlyforwarduponDresden；RutowskiandPrinceKarlvanishingintotheMetalMountains，byPirna，forBohemia，atsoundofhim，——ashehadscarcelyhopedtheywould。
OntheSaturdayevening，Dresden，capableofnottheleastdefence，hasopenedallitsgates，andFriedrichandthePrussiansareinDresden；AustriansandwreckedSaxonsfallingbackdiligentlytowardstheMetalMountainsforBohemia，diligenttocleartheroadforhim。QueenandJuniorPrincesarehere；towhom，astoallmen，Friedrichiscourtesyitself；makingpersonalvisittotheRoyalties，appointingguardsofhonor，sacredrespecttotheRoyalHouses；himselfwilllodgeatthePrincessLubomirski’s，aprivatemansion。
\"Thatferocious，false，ambitiousKingofPrussia\"——Well，heisnottoberuinedinopenfight，onthecontraryisruinousthere；
norbythecunningestambuscades，andsecretcombinations，infieldorcabinet:ouroverwhelmingWinterInvasionofhim——seewhereithasended！BruhlandPolishMajesty——thenocturnalskyallonfireinthoseparts，andloudgeneraldoomsdaycome——areamuch—
illuminatedpairofgentlemen。
FromthetimeMeissenBridgewaslost，PrinceKarltooshowinghimselfsolanguid，evenBruhlhaddiscernedthatthecasewasdesperate。OntheverydayofKesselsdorf，——notthedayBEFORE，whichwouldhavebeensuchathrifttoBruhlandothers！——FriedrichhadaNotefromVilliers，signifyingjoyfullythathisPolishMajestywouldacceptPeace。ThankstohisPolishMajesty:——andafterKesselsdorf，perhapstheEmpress—Queentoowill！
Friedrich’soffersarepreciselywhattheywere，whattheyhavealwaysbeen:\"ConventionofHanover；that，inallitsparts；
oldtreatyofBreslau，tobeguaranteed，tobeactuallykept。TomeSilesiasure；——fromyou，PolishMajesty，onemillioncrownsasdamagesforthetroubleandcostthisTripleAmbuscadeofyourshasgivenme；onemillioncrowns，150，000poundswewillsay；andallotherrequisitionstoceaseonthedayofsignature。Thesearemyterms:acceptthese；thenwholly，Asyouwere，Empress—Queenandyou，andallsurvivingcreatures:andImarchhomewithinaweek。\"
VilliersspeedsrapidlyfromPrag，withthedueolive—branch；
withCountHarrach，experiencedAustrian，andfullpowers。
Harrachcannotbelievehissenses:\"Suchthetermstobestillgranted，afterallthesebeatingsandrebeatings！\"——thenatlastdoesbelieve，withstiffthankfulnessandAustrianbows。
TheNegotiationneednotoccupymanyhours。
\"HisMajestyofPrussiawasfartoohastywiththisPeace，\"saysValori:\"hehadtakenathreapthathewouldhaveitfinishedbeforetheYearwasdone:\"——infact，heknowshisownmind，MON
GROSVALORI，andthatiswhatfewdo。Youshearthroughnoendofcobwebswiththatfineimplement，awiselyfixedresolutionofyourown。APeaceslowenoughforValoriandtheFrench:wherecouldthatbelookedfor？——ValoriisatBerlin，incompletedisgrace；
hisMostChristianKinghavingbehavedsolikeaTurkoflate。
Valori，horror—struckatsuchPeace，whatshallhedotopreventit，toretardit？Oneeffortatleast。D’ArgethisSecretary，stolenatJaromirz，issafebacktohim；ingenious，ingenuousD’ArgetwasalwaysafavoritewithFriedrich:despatchD’Argettohim。D’Argetisdespatched；withreasons，withremonstrances，withconsiderations。D’Arget’sNarrativeisgiven:aningenuousoff—handPiece；——poorlittlecrevice，throughwhichthereisstilltobehad，singularlyclear，andcredibleineverypoint，adirectglimpseofFriedrich’sownthoughts，inthatmany—soundingDresden，——soloud，thatweek，withdinner—parties，withoperas，balls，Prussianwar—drums，grand—paradesandPeace—negotiations。
THESIEURD’ARGETTOEXCELLENCYVALORI（atBerlin）。
\"DRESDEN，1745\"（datelessotherwise，mustbeDecember，between18thand25th）。
\"MONSEIGNEUR，——Iarrivedyesterdayat7P。M。；asIhadthehonorofforewarningyou，bythewordIwrotetotheAbbe[nevermindwhatAbbe；anotherValori—Clerk]fromSonnenwalde[myhalf—wayhousebetweenBerlinandthisCity]。Iwent，firstofall，toM。deVaugrenand，\"ourEnvoyhere；\"whohadthegoodnesstoopenhimselftomeontheBusinessnowonhand。Inmyopinion，nothingcanbeaddedtotheexcellentconsiderationshehasbeenurgingontheKingofPrussiaandtheCountdePodewils。
\"Athalf—past8，IwenttohisPrussianMajesty’s；IfoundhewasengagedwithhisConcert，\"——lodgesintheLubomirskiPalace，hashissnatchofmelodyintheeveningofsuchdiscordantdays，——
\"andIcouldnotseehimtillafterhalf—past9。IannouncedmyselftoM。Eichel；hewastoooverwhelmedwithaffairstogivemeaudience。IaskedforCountRothenburg；hewasatcardswiththePrincessLubomirski。Atlast，IdidgettotheKing:whoreceivedmeinthemostagreeableway；butwasjustgoingtoSupper；saidhemustputoffansweringtillto—morrowmorning，morningofthisday。
M。deVaugrenandhadbeensogoodaspreparemeontherumorsofaPeacewithSaxonyandtheQueenofHungary。IwenttoM。Podewils；
whosaidagreatmanykindthingstomeforyou。Icouldonlysketchoutthematter，atthattime；andrepresentedtoPodewilsthebrilliantpositionofhisMaster，whohadbecomeArbiterofthePeaceofEurope；thatthemomentwascomeformakingthisPeaceaGeneralOne，andthatperhapstherewouldberoomforrepentanceafterwards，iftheopportunitywereslighted。Hesaid，hisMaster’sobjectwasthatsame；andthusclosedtheconversationbygeneralquestions。
\"Thismorning，IagainpresentedmyselfattheKingofPrussia’s。
Ihadtowait，andwait；infine，itwasnottillhalf—past5intheeveningthathereturned，orgavemeadmittance；andIstayedwithhimtillafter7，\"——whenConcert—timewasathandagain。
ListentoaremarkableDialogue，oftheConqueringHerowithahumbleFriendwhomhelikes。\"HisMajestycondescended（ADAIGNE）
toenterwithmeintoallmannerofdetails；andbeganbytellingme，\"ThatM。deValorihaddoneadmirablynottocome，himself，withthatLetterfromtheKing[MostChristian，OURKing；Letter，thesicklyDocumentabovespokenof]；thattherecouldnothavebeenanAnswerexpected，——theLetterbeingalmostofironicalstrain；
hisMajesty[MostChristian]notgivinghimtheleasthope，butmerelytalkingofhisfinegenius，andhowthatwouldextricatehimfromtheperilousentanglement，andinspirehimwithawiseresolutioninthematter！Thathehad，ineffect，takenaresolutionthewisesthecould；andwasmakinghisPeacewithSaxonyandtheQueenofHungary。Thathehadfeltallthedangersofthedifficultsituationshehadbeenin，\"——sheerdestructionyawningallroundhim，inhugeimminency，morethanonce，andnofriendheeding；——\"that，wearyofplayingalwaysdouble—or—quits，hehaddeterminedtoendit，andgetintoastateoftranquillity，whichbothhimselfandhisPeoplehadsuchneedof。ThatFrancecouldnot，withoutdifficulty，haveremediedhismishaps；andthathesawbytheKing’sLetter，therewasnoteventhewishtodoit。
Thathis，Friedrich’s，militarycareerwascompleted，\"——sofarasHEcouldforeseeordecide！\"ThathewouldnotagainexposehisCountrytotheCapricesofFortune，whosepastconstancytohimwassufficientlyastonishingtoraisefearsofareverse（HEAR！）。
Thathisambitionswerefulfilled，inhavingcompelledhisEnemiestoaskPeacefromhimintheirownCapital，withtheChancellorofBohemia[Harrach，typifyingfallenAustrianpride]obligedtoco—operate。
\"ThathewouldalwaysbeattachedtoourKing’sinterests，andsetallthevalueintheworldonhisfriendship；butthathehadnotbeensufficientlyassistedtobecontent。That，observinghenceforthanexactneutrality，hemightbeenabledtodoofficesofmediation；andtocarry，totheonesideandtotheother，wordsofpeace。Thatheofferedhimselfforthatobject，andwouldbecharmedtohelpinit；butthathewasfixedtostopthere。ThatinregardtothebasisofGeneralPeace，hehadTwoIdeas[whichthereadercanattendto，andseewheretheydifferedfromtheEvent，andwherenot]:——Onewas，ThatFranceshouldkeepYpres，Furnes，Tournay[whichFrancedidnot]，givinguptheNetherlandsotherwise，withOstend，totheEnglish[totheEnglish！]inexchangeforCapeBreton。Theotherwas，TogiveupmoreofourConquests[wegavethemallup，andgotonlytheglory，andourCod—fishery，CapeBreton，back，theEnglishbeingequallygenerous]，andbargainforlibertytore—establishDunkirkinitsoldcondition[notawordofyourDunkirk；thereisyourCapeBreton，andwealsowillgohomewithwhatglorythereis，——notdifficulttocarry！]。ButthatitwasbyEnglandwemustmaketheovertures，withoutaddressingourselvestotheCourtofVienna；
andputitinhis，Friedrich’s，powertoproposeareceivableProjectofPeace。ThathewellconceivedthegreatpointwastheQueenofSpain[TermagantandJenkins’sEar；Termagant’sHusband，stillliving，isalappetofTermagant’sself]:butthatshemustcontentherselfwithParmaandPiacenzafortheInfant，DonPhilip[whichtheTermagantdid]；andgivebackherholdofSavoy[partialhold，ofnousetoherwithoutthePasses]totheKingofSardinia。\"AndoftheJENKINS’S—EARquestion，generousEnglandwillsaynothing？Nexttonothing；hopesamodicumofputtyanddiplomaticvarnishmayclosethattroublesomequestion，——whichsprings，meanwhile，inthecentreoftheworld！——
\"ThesekindcondescensionsofhisMajestyemboldenedmetorepresenttohimthebrilliantpositionhenowheld；andhownobleitwouldbe，afterhavingbeentheHeroofGermany，tobecome，insteadofone’sownpacificator，thePacificatorofEurope。
’Igrantyou，’saidhe，（MONCHERD’Arget；butitistoodangerousapartforplaying。Areversebringsmetotheedgeofruin:IknowtoowellthemoodofmindIwasin，lasttimeIleftBerlin[withthatThree—leggedImmensityofAtropos，NOTyetmowndownatHennersdorfbyaluckycut]，evertoexposemyselftoitagain！
Ifluckhadbeenagainstmethere，IsawmyselfaMonarchwithoutthrone；andmysubjectsinthecruelestoppression。Abadgamethat:always，mereCHECKTOYOURKING；noothermove；——Ireferittoyou，friendD’Arget:——infine，Iwishtobeatpeace。’
\"IrepresentedtohimthattheHouseofAustriawouldnever，withatranquileye，seehisHouseinpossessionofSilesia。’Thosethatcomeafterme，’saidhe，’willdoastheylike；theFutureisbeyondman’sreach。Thosethatcomeafterwilldoastheycan。
Ihaveacquired；itistheirstopreserve。IamnotinalarmabouttheAustrians；——andthisismyanswertowhatyouhavebeensayingabouttheweaknessofmyguarantees。TheydreadmyArmy；theluckthatIhave。Iamsureoftheirsittingquietforthedozenyearsorsowhichmayremaintomeoflife；——quiettillIhave，mostlikely，donewithit。What！Arewenevertohaveanygoodofourlife，then（NEDOIS—JEDONCJAMAISJOUIR）？Thereismoreformeinthetruegreatnessoflaboringforthehappinessofmysubjects，thaninthereposeofEurope。IhaveputSaxonyoutofaconditiontodohurt。Sheowes14，775，000crownsofdebt[twomillionsandaquartersterling]；andbytheDefensiveAlliancewhichIformwithher，Iprovidemyself[butaskBruhlwithal！]ahelpagainstAustria。Iwouldnothenceforthattackacat，excepttodefendmyself。’[\"Thesearehisverywords，\"addsD’Arget；——andwellworthnoting。]（Ambition（GLOIRE）andmyinterestsweretheoccasionofmyfirstCampaigns。ThelateKaiser’ssituation，andmyzealforFrance[nottomentioninterestsagain]，gaverisetothesesecond:
andIhavebeenfightingalwayssinceformyownhearths，——formyveryexistence，Imightsay！Oncemore，IknowthestateIhadgotinto:——ifIsawPrinceKarlatthegatesofParis，Iwouldnotstir。’——’AndusatthegatesofVienna，’answeredIpromptly，’withthesameindifference？’——’Yes；andIswearittoyou，D’Arget。Inaword，Iwanttohavesomegoodofmylife（VEUXJOUIR）。Whatarewe，poorhumanatoms，togetupprojectsthatcostsomuchblood？
Letuslive，andhelptolive。’
\"Therestoftheconversationpassedingeneraltalk，aboutLiterature，Theatresandsuchobjects。Myreasoningsandobjectings，onthegreatmatter，Ineednotfartherdetail:bythefrankdiscoursehisPrussianMajestywaskindenoughtogointo，youmaygatherperhapsthatmyargumentswerevarious，andnotill—
chosen；——anditistooevidenttheyhaveallbeeninvain。\"——
YourExcellency’s（reallyinaveryfaithfulway）——D’ARGET。
[Valori，i。290—294（nodate，except\"Dresden，1745，\"——sleepyEditorfeelingnowantofany）。]
D’Arget，aboutamonthafterthis，wastakenintoFriedrich’sservice；Valoriconsenting，whoseoccupationwasnowgone；——andweshallhearofD’Argetagain。TakethissmallNote，assummaryofhim:\"D’Arget（18thJanuary，1746）hadsometitle，’SecretaryatOrders（SECRETAIREDESCOMMANDEMENTS），’bitofpension；andcontinuedinthecharacterofreader，ormiscellaneousliteraryattendantandagent，verymuchlikedbyhisMaster，forsixyearscoming。Amanmuchheardof，duringthoseyearsofoffice。
March，1752，havinglosthisdearlittlePrussianWife，andgotintoillhealthandspirits，heretiredonleavetoParis；andnextyearhadtogiveupthethoughtofreturning；——thoughhestill，andtotheend，continuedloyallyattachedtohisoldMaster，andmoreorlessincorrespondencewithhim。Hadgot，beforelong，notthroughFriedrich’sinfluenceatParis，somesmallAppointmentintheECOLEMILITAIREthere。Heis，ofalltheFrenchmenFriedrichhadabouthim，withtheexceptionofD’Argensalone，themosthonest—hearted。TheaboveLetter，lucid，innocent，modest，altogetherrationalandpractical，isafairspecimenofD’Arget:
addtoitthepromptself—sacrifice（andinthatfinesilentway）
atJaromirzforValori，andreadersmayconceivetheman。HelivedatParis，inmeagrebutcontentedfashion，RUEDEL’ECOLE
MILITAIRE，till1778；andseems，ofalltheEx—PrussianFrenchmen，tohaveknownmostaboutFriedrich；andtohaveneverspokenanyfalsityagainsthim。Duvernet，the’M————’BiographerofVOLTAIRE，frequentedhimagooddeal；andanytruenotions，orglimmeringsofsuch，thathehasaboutPrussia，areprobablyascribabletoD’Arget。\"[SeeOEuvresdeFrederic，xx。
（p。xiiofPREFACEtotheD’ARGETCORRESPONDENCEthere）。]
TheTreatyofDresdencanbereadinScholl，Flassan，Rousset，Adelung；but，exceptoncompulsion，nocreaturewillnowreadit，——
nordidthisEditor，evenhe，finditpay。Peaceismade。PeaceofDresdenissigned，ChristmasDay，1745:\"TomeSilesia，withoutfarthertreacheryortrick；you，whollyasyouwere。\"Europeatlarge，asFriedrichhaddone，sees\"theskyallonfireaboutDresden。\"Thefiercebigbattlesdoneagainstthismanhave，oneandallofthem，becomebigdefeats。Thestrenuousmachinations，high—builtplanscunninglydevised，——theutmostsum—totalofwhattheImperialandRoyalPotenciescan，forthelifeofthem，do:
behold，ithasalltumbleddownhere，inloudcrash；thefinalpealofitatKesselsdorf；andtheconsummationisflameandsmoke，conspicuousoveralltheNations。Youwilllethimkeephisownhenceforth，then，willyou？Silesia，whichwasNOTyoursnorevershallbe？Silesiaandnoafterthought？TheSaxonssign，thehighPlenipotentiariesall；intheeyesofVilliers，Iamtold，wereseensublimelypioustears。Harrach，bowingwithstiff，almostincredulous，gratitude，swearsandsigns；——hurrieshometohisSovereignLady，withPeace，andsuchasmileonhisface；andonherImperialMajesty’ssuchasmile！——readersshallconceiveit。
TherearebutTwonewpointsintheTreatyofDresden，——nayproperlythereisbutOnepoint，aboutwhichposteritycanhavetheleastcareorinterest；forthatother，concerning\"TheTollofSchidlo，\"andsettlementofhagglesontheNavigationoftheElbethere，wasnotkeptbytheSaxons，butcontinuedahagglestill:
thisOnepointistheEleventhArticle。Inconceivablysmall；
butliabletoturnuponusagain，inamemorablemanner。Thatletustranslate，——forM。deVoltaire’ssake，andtimecoming！
STEUERmeansLand—Tax；OBER—STEUER—EINNAHMEwillbesomethinglikeRoyalExchequer，therefore；andSTEUER—SCHEINwillbeapproximatelyequivalenttoExchequerBill。ArticleEleventhstipulates:
\"AllsubjectsandservantsofhisMajestytheKingofPrussiawhoholdbondsoftheSaxonOBER—STEUER—EINNAHMEshallbepaidinfull，capitalandinterest，atthetimes，andtotheamount，specifiedinsaidSTEUER—SCHEINEorBonds。\"ThatisArticleEleventh。——
\"TheSaxonExchequer，\"saysanoldNoteonit，\"thankstoBruhl’sextravagance，hasbeenasgoodasbankrupt，payingwithinconvertiblepaper，withSCHEINE（ThingstobeSHOWN），forsometimepast；whichpaperhasaccordinglysunk，letussay，25percentbelowitsnominalamountingold。AllPrussiansubjects，whoholdtheseBonds，aretobepaidingold；Saxons，andothers，willhavetobecontentwithpapertillthingscomeroundagain，ifthingseverdo。\"Yes；——and，byillchance，thematterwillattractM。deVoltaire’skeeneyeintheinterim！
FriedrichstayedeightdaysinDresden，theloudthemeofGazetteersandrumors；theadmiredoftwoclasses，inallCountries:ofthemanywhoadmiresuccess，andalsoofthefewwhocanunderstandwhatitistodeservesuccess。AmonghisownCountrymen，thislastWinterhaskindledalltheiradmirationstotheflamingpitch。Savedbyhimfromimminentdestruction；
theirenemiesswepthomeasifbyoneinvincible；nay，senthomeinakindofnobleshame，conqueredbygenerosity。Thesefeelings，thoughnotencouragedtospeak，runveryhigh。TheDresdenersinprivatesocietyfoundhimdelightful；thehighladiesespecially:
\"Couldyouhavethoughtit；terrificMarstobecomeradiantApollointhismanner！\"FromconsiderableCollectionsofAnecdotesillustratingthisfact，inawaynowfallenvapidtous，——IselectonlytheIntroduction:——
\"DoreadersrecollectFriedrich’sfirstvisittoDresden[in1728]，seventeenyearsago；andacertaincharmingyoungCountessFlemming，atthattimeonlyfourteen；who，likeaHebeasshewas，contrivedbeautifulsurprisesforhim，andamongotherthingspresentedhim，sogracefully，onthepartofAugusttheStrong，withhisfirstflute？\"——NoreaderofthisHistorycanrecollectit；
norindeed，exceptinamythicsense，believeit！AyoungCountessFlemming（daughterofoldFeldmarschallFlemming）doubtlesstheremightbe，whopresentedhimaflute；butastoHISFIRSTflute——？
\"ThatsamecharmingyoungCountessFlemmingisstillhere，agenowthirty—one；charming，morethanever，thoughnowunderachangedname；havingweddedaVonRacknitz（SupremeGentleman—Usher，orsomesuchthing）afewyearsago，andbroughthimchildrenandtheusualfelicities。Howmuchischanged！AugusttheStrong，whereishe；andhisfamousThreeHundredandFifty—four，EnchantressOrzelskaandtheothers，wherearethey？EnchantressOrzelskawedded，quarrelled，andisinaconvent:hercharmingdestinyconcluded。RutowskiisnotnowinthePrussianArmy:hegotbeaten，Wednesdaylast，atKesselsdorf，fightingagainstthatArmy。AndtheChevalierdeSaxe，hetoowasbeatenthere；——clamberingnowacrosstheMetalMountains，asknotofhim。AndtheMarechaldeSaxe，hetakesCities，fightsBattlesofFontenoy，’mumblingaleadbulletallday；’beingdropsical，nearlydeadofdebaucheries；themostdissolute（orprobablyso）ofalltheSonsofAdaminhisday。
AugustthePhysicallyStrongisdead。AugusttheSpirituallyWeakisfledtoPragwithhisBruhl。Andwedonotcome，thistime，togetaflute；buttosettletheaccountofVictories，andgivePeacetoNations。Strange，hereasalways，tolookback，——tolookroundorforward，——inthemadhugewhirlofthatloud—roaringLoomofTime！——OneofCountessRacknitz’sSonshappenedtoleaveMANUSCRIPT
DIARIES[ratherfeeble，nottooexact—looking]，andgivesus，fromMamma’sreminiscences\"……Notawordmore。[Rodenbeck，
Beitrage，i。440，etseq。]
ThePeace，wesaid，wassignedonChristmas—day。Nextday，Sunday，FriedrichattendedSermonintheKreuzkirche（ProtestantHigh—
ChurchofDresden），attendedOperawithal；andonMondaymorninghadvanishedoutofDresden，asallhispeoplehaddone，orwerediligentlydoing。Tuesday，hedinedbrieflyatWusterhausen（aplaceweonceknewwell），withthePrinceofPrussia，whoseitnowis；gotintohisopencarriageagain，withthesaidPrinceandhisotherBrotherFerdinand；anddroveswiftlyhomeward。Berlin，drunkwithjoy，wasalloutonthestreets，waiting。OntheHeathofBritz，fourorfivemileshitherwardofBerlin，abodyofyounggentlemen（\"Merchantsmostly，whohadriddenoutsofar\"）salutedhimwith\"VIVATFRIEDRICHDERGROSSE（LongliveFriedrichTHE
GREAT）！\"thriceover；——asdid，inalessarticulatemanner，Berlinwithonevoice，onhisarrivalthere；BurgherCompaniesliningthestreets；Populationvigorouslyshouting；PupilsoftheKolnGymnasium，withClericalandSchoolFunctionariesinmass，breakingoutintoLatinSong:——
\"VIVAT，VIVATFRIDERICUSREX；
VIVATAUGUSTUS，MAGNUS，FELIX，PATER，PATRI—AE——！\"
——andwhatnot。[Preuss，i。220；whocitesBeschreibung（\"DescriptionofhisMajesty’sTriumphantEntry，onthe\"&c。）andotherContemporaryPamphlets。Rodenbeck，i。124。]
OnreachingthePortalofthePalace，hisMajestysteptdown；
and，glancingroundtheSchloss—Platzandthecrowdedwindowsandsimmeringmultitudes，saluted，takingoffhishat；whichproducedsuchashout，——naturallytheloudestofall。AndsoEXITKing，intohisinterior。Tuesday，2—3P。M。，28thDecember，1745:aKingnew—
christenedintheabovemanner，sofaraspeoplecould。
IlluminatedBerlinshonelikenoon，allthatnight（thebeginningofaGAUDEAMUSwhichlastedmiscellaneouslyforweeks）:——buttheKingstoleawaytoseeafriendwhowasdying；thatpoorDuhandeJaudun，hisearlySchoolmaster，whohadsufferedmuchforhim，andwhomhealwaysmuchloved。Duhandied，inadayortwo。
PoorJordan，poorKeyserling（the\"Cesarion\"ofyoungdays）:
themalsohehaslost；andoftenlaments，inthisotherwisebrighttime。{InOEuvres，xvii。288；xviii。141；
IB。142（painfullytenderLetterstoFrauvonCamasandothers，ontheseevents）。
ENDOFBOOKXV
HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV16
ByThomasCarlyleBOOKXVI。
THETENYEARSOFPEACE。
1746—1756。
ChapterI。
SANS—SOUCI。
Friedrichhasnowclimbedtheheights，andseeshimselfontheuppertable—landofVictoryandSuccess；hisdesperatelife—and—
deathstrugglestriumphantlyended。Whatmaybeahead，nobodyknows；buthereisfairoutlookthathisenemiesandAustriaitselfhavehadenoughofhim。NowringingofhisSilesiafromthis\"badMan。\"Nottobeoverset，thisone，byneversuchexertions；
oversetsUS，onthecontrary，plungesusheels—over—headintotheditch，sooftenasweliketoapplytohim；nothingbutheavybeatings，disastrousbreakingofcrowns，tobehadontryingthere！
\"FiveVictories！\"asVoltairekeepscountingonhisfingers，withupturnedeyes，——Mollwitz，Chotusitz，Striegau，Sohr，Kesselsdorf（thelastdonebyAnhalt；butomittingHennersdorf，andthatsuddenslittingofthebigSaxon—AustrianProjectsintoacloudoffeathers，asfineafeatasany），——\"FiveVictories！\"countsVoltaire；callingoneverybody（oreverybodybutFriedrichhimself，whoiseasilysatedwiththatkindofthing）toadmire。IntheworldaremanyopinionsaboutFriedrich。InAustria，forinstance，whatanopinion；sinister，gloomyintheextreme:orinEngland，whichderivesfromAustria，——onlywithadditionaldimness，andwithgloomynewprovocationsofitsownbeforelong！ManyopinionsaboutFriedrich，alldimenough:butthis，thatheisaverydemonforfighting，andthestoutestKingwalkingtheEarthjustnow，maywellbeauniversalone。Amanbetternotbemeddledwith，ifhewillbeatpeace，asheprofessestowishbeing。
Friedrichaccordinglyisnotmeddledwith，ornotopenlymeddledwith；andhas，fortheTenorElevenYearscoming，atimeofperfectexternalPeace。Hehimselfisdecided\"nottofightwithacat，\"ifhecangetthepeacekept；andforabouteightyearshopesconfidentlythatthis，bygoodmanagement，willcontinuepossible；
——till，inthelastthreeyears，electricsymptomsdidagaindisclosethemselves，andsuchhopemoreandmorediedaway。ItiswellknowntherelayinthefatesaThirdSilesianWarforhim，worsethanboththeothers；whichisnowthemainsegmentofhisHistorystilllyingaheadforus，werethisHalcyonPerioddone。
HalcyonPeriodcountsfromChristmas—day，Dresden，1745，——\"fromthisday，Peacetotheendofmylife！\"hadbeenFriedrich’sfondhope。Butonthe9thdayofSeptember，1756，FriedrichwasagainenteringDresden（Saxonysometwelvedaysbefore）；andtheCrowningStruggleofhisLifewas，beyondallexpectation，foundtobestilllyingaheadforhim，awfullydubiousforSevenYearsthereafter！——
Friedrich’sHistoryduringthisinterveningHalcyonorPeacePeriodmust，insomeway，bemadeknowntoreaders:butforagreatmanyreasons，especiallyatpresent，itbehoovestobegivenincompressedform；riddleddown，toanimmenseextent，outofthosesadPrussianRepositories，wherethegrainofperennial，ofsignificantandstillmemorable，liesoverwhelmedunderrubbish—
mountainsofthefairlyextinct，thepoisonouslydustyandforgettable；——ACHHIMMEL！Whichindispensablepreliminaryprocess，howcananEnglishEditor，atthistime，doit；noPrussian，atanytime，havingthoughtoftryingit！FromapainfulPredecessorofmine，Icollect，rummagingamonghisdismalPaper—masses，thefollowingThreeFragments，worthreadinghere:——
1。\"Friedrichwasasbusy，inthoseYears，asinthegeneralityofhislife；andhisactions，andsalutaryconquestsoverdifficulties，weremany，profitabletoPrussiaandtohimself。
Verywellworthkeepinginmind。ButnotfitforHistory；oratleastonlyfitinthesummaryform；tobedelineatedinlittle，withlargegenericstrokes，——ifwehadthemeans；——suchdetailsbelongingtothePrussianAntiquary，ratherthantotheEnglishHistorianofFriedrichinourday。AhappyTenYearsoftime。
PerhapsthetimeforMontesquieu’saphorism，’HappythePeoplewhoseAnnalsareblankinHistory—Books！’ThePrussianAntiquary，hadheoncegotanyimageformedtohimselfofFriedrich，andofFriedrich’sHistoryinitshumanlineamentsandorganicsequences，willgleanmanymemorabiliainthoseYears:whichhisreadersthen（andnottillthen）willbeabletointercalateintheirplaces，andgethumangoodof。Butalas，whilethereisnointelligiblehumanimage，nothingoflineamentsororganicsequences，orotherthanajumbledmassofHistoricalMarine—Stores，presidedoverbyDryasdustandHumanStupor（unsorted，unlabelled，tiedupinblindsacks），theveryAntiquarywillhaveuphillworkofit，andhisreaderswilloftenturnroundonhimwithagloomyexpressionofcountenance！\"
2。\"Friedrich’sLife——littleasheexpectedit，thatdaywhenhestartedupfromhisague—fitatReinsberg，andgraspedthefieryOpportunitythatwasshootingpast——isaLifeofWar。ThechiefmemorythatwillremainofhimisthatofaKingandmanwhofoughtconsummatelywell。NotPeaceandtheMuses；no，thatisdeniedhim，——thoughhewassounwilling，always，tothinkitdenied！ButhisLife—TaskturnedouttobeaBattleforSilesia。ItconsistsofThreegrandStrugglesofWar。AndnotforSilesiaonly；——
unconsciously，forwhatfargreaterthingstohisNationandtohim！
\"Deeplyunconsciousofit，theywerepassingtheir’Trials，’hisNationandhe，inthegreatCivil—Service—ExaminationHallofthisUniverse:’Areyouabletodefendyourselves，then；andtohangtogethercoherent，againstthewholeworldanditsincoherenciesandrages？’AquestionwhichhastobeaskedofNations，beforetheycanberecognizedassuch，andbebaptizedintothegeneralcommonwealth；theyaremereHordesoraccidentalAggregates，tillthatQuestioncome。QuestionwhichthisNationhadlongbeengettingreadyfor；whichnow，underthisKing，itansweredtothesatisfactionofgodsandmen:’Yes，Heavenassisting，wecanstandonourdefence；andinthelong—run（aswithairwhenyoutrytoannihilateit，orcrushittoNOTHING）thereisevenaninfiniteforceinus；andthewholeworlddoesnotsucceedinannihilatingus！’UponwhichhasfollowedwhatwetermNationalBaptism；——orratherthiswastheNationalBaptism，thisfuriousoneintorrentwhirlwindsoffire；donethreetimesover，tillingodsormentherewasnodoubtleft。ThatwasFriedrich’sfunctionintheworld；andagreatandmemorableone；——nottohisownPrussianNationonly，buttoTeutschlandatlarge，forevermemorable。
\"’IsTeutschlandaNation；isthereinTeutschlandstillaNation？’
Austria，notdishonestly，butmuchsunkinsuperstitionsandinvoluntarymendacities，andliabletosinkmuchfarther，answersalways，ingloomyproudtone，’Yes，IamtheNationofTeutschland！’——butismistaken，asturnsout。Foritisnotmendacities，consciousorother，butveracities，thattheDivinePowerswillpatronize，orevenintheendwillputupwithatall。
Whichyououghttounderstandbetterthanyoudo，myfriend。
For，onthegreatscaleandonthesmall，andinallseasons，circumstances，scenesandsituationswhereaSonofAdamfindshimself，thatistrue，andevenasovereigntruth。Andwhoeverdoesnotknowit，——humancharitytohim（weresuchalwayspossible）
wouldbe，thatHEwerefurnishedwithhandcuffsasapartofhisoutfitinthisworld，andputunderguidanceofthosewhodo。
Yes；tohim，Ishouldsay，aprivatepairofhandcuffsweremuchusefulerthanaballot—box，——werethetimesoncesettledagain，whichtheyarefarfrombeing！\"……
\"Sothat，iftherebeonlyAustriaforNation，Teutschlandisinominouscase。Trulyso。ButthereisinTeutschlandwithal，veryirrecognizabletoTeutschland，yetauthenticallypresent，aManoftheproperlyunconquerabletype；thereisalsoaselectPopulationdrilledforhim:thesetwotogetherwillprovetoyouthatthereisaNation。ConquestofSilesia，ThreeSilesianWars；laborsandvalorsasofAlcides，invindicationofoneselfandone’sSilesia:
——secretly，howunconsciously，thatotherandhigherQuestionofTeutschland，andofitshavinginitaNation，wasFriedrich’ssoretaskandhisPrussia’satthattime。AsTeutschlandmaybeperhapsnow，inourday，beginningtorecognize；withhope，withastonishment，poorTeutschland！\"……
3。\"Andinfine，leavingallthat，thereisonethingundeniable:
InallhumanNarrative，itisthebattleonly，andnotthevictory，thatcanbedweltuponwithadvantage。Friedrichhasnow，byhisSecondSilesianWar，achievedGreatness:’FriedrichtheGreat；’
expresslysodenominated，byhisPeopleandothers。ThestruggleupwardsistheRomance；yourherooncewedded，——toGLORY，orwhoevertheBridemaybe，——theRomanceends。Precisecriticsdoobject，Thattheremaystillliedifficulties，newperilsandadventuresahead:——whichprovesconspicuouslytrueinthiscaseofours。Andaccordingly，ourBooknotbeingaRomancebutaHistory，letus，withallfidelity，lookoutwhattheseare，andhowtheymodifyourRoyalGentlemanwhohasgothisweddingdone。Withallfidelity；butwithallbrevity，noless。For，inasmuchas\"——
Well，brevityinmostcasesisdesirable。And，privately，itmustbeownedthereisanotherconsiderationofnosmallweight:
That，ourPrussianresourcesfallingaltogetherintobankruptcyduringPeace—Periods，Natureherselfhassoorderedit，inthisinstance！PartlyitisourBooks（thePrussianDryasdustreachinghisacmeonthoseoccasions），butinparttooitistheEventsthemselves，thataresmallandwantimportance；thathavefallendeadtous，inthehugenewTimeanditsuproars。Eventsnotofflagrantnotability（likebattlesorwar—passages），tobridleDryasdust，andguidehiminsomesmallmeasure。Eventsratherwhich，exceptascharacteristicofonememorableManandKing，aremostlynowofnomemorabilitywhatever。Crowdalltheseindiscriminatelyintosacks，andshakethemoutpell—mellonus:
thatisDryasdust’ssweetway。AsifthelargestMarine—StoresEstablishmentinalltheworldhadsuddenly，onhestofsomeNecromancerormaleficentperson，takenwinguponyou；andweredancing，inboundlessmadwhirl，roundyourdevotedhead；——
simmeringanddancing，verymuchatitsease；no—whither；
askingYOUcheerfully，\"Whatisyourcandidopinion，then？\"
\"Opinion，\"Heavens！——
Youhavetoretiremanyyards，andgazewithadesperatesteadiness；assuringyourself:\"Well，itdoes，rightindisputably，shadowforthSOMEthing。ThiswasaThingAlive，anddidatonetimesticktogether，asanorganicFactontheEarth，thoughitnowdancesinDryasdustatsucharate！\"Itisonlybyself—helpofthissort，andlongsurvey，withrigorousselection，andextremelyextensiveexclusionandoblivion，thatyougaintheleastlightinsuchanelement。\"Brevity\"——littlesaid，whenlittlehasbeengottobeknown——isanevidentrule！Courage，reader；bygoodeyesight，youwillstillcatchsomefeaturesofFriedrichaswegoalong。
ToSAYourlittleinanotunintelligiblemanner，andkeeptherestwellhidden，itisallwecandoforyou！——
FRIEDRICHDECLINESTHECAREEROFCONQUERINGHERO；GOESINTO
LAW—REFORM；ANDGETSREADYACOTTAGERESIDENCEFORHIMSELF。
Friedrich’sJourneytoPyrmontisthefirstthingrecordedofhimbytheNewspapers。Gonetotakethewaters；ashedidafterhisformerWar。HereiswhatIhadnotedofthatsmallOccurrence，andofoneortwootherscontiguousindate，whichprovetobeofsignificanceinFriedrich’sHistory。
\"MAY12—17th，1746，\"saytheoldBooks，\"hisMajestysetsoutforPyrmont，takingBrunswickbytheway；arrivesatPyrmontMay17th；
staystillJune8th；\"threeweeksgood。\"IsbusycorrespondingwiththeKingofFranceaboutaGeneralPeace；but，owingtotheembittermentofbothparties，itwasnotpossibleatthistime。\"