FRIEDRICH，THESEASONANDFORAGEBEINGDONE，MAKES
FORSILESIA。
ThereoccurredatFrankfurt——theclearmajority，sevenofthenineElectors，Bavariaitself（nayBohemiathistime，\"distaff\"ornot），andalltheothersbutFriedrichandKur—Pfalz，beingsodisposedorsodisposable，Traunbeingmasteroftheground——nodifficultyaboutelectingGrand—DukeFranzStephanofTuscany？Joint—KingofBohemia，tobeKaiseroftheHolyRomishReich。Friedrich’senvoyprotested；——asdidKur—Pfalz’s，withstillmorevehemence，andthenwithdrewtoHanau:theotherSevenvotedSeptember13th1745:anditwasdone。AnewKaiser，FranzStephan，orFranzI。，——withourblessingonhim，ifthatcanavailmuch。ButIfearitcannot。UponsuchmendaciousEmpty—CaseofKaiserhood，withoutevenmoneytofeeditself，nottospeakofgoverning，ofdefendingandcoercing；
uponsuchentitiestheblessingsofmanavaillittle；thegods，havingwarnedthemtogo，donotblessthemforstaying！——However，tar—barrelsburn，thefountainsplay（wineinsomeofthem，I
hope）；Franzistobecrownedinafortnighthence，withextraordinarymagnificence。AtthislastpartofitMariaTheresawill，inherownhighperson，attend；andproceedsaccordinglytowardsFrankfurt，intheendofSeptember（saytheoldBooks），sosoonastheElectionisover。
HungarianMajesty’sbearingwasnotpopularthere，accordingtoFriedrich，——whoalwaysadmiresherafterasort，andalwaysspeaksofherlikeakingandgentleman:——buttheHighLady，itisintimated，feltsomewhattoowellthatshewashigh。Notsorrytohaveitknown，underthedueveils，thatherKaiser—Husbandisbutofamimeticnature；thatitisshewhohastherealpower；andthatindeedsheisinavictoriouspostureatpresent。VeryhighinhercarriagetowardsthePrincesoftheReich，andtheirprivileges:——poorKur—Pfalz’snotary，orherald，comingtoprotest（Ithink，itwasthesecondtime）aboutsomething，shequitedisregardedhistabards，pasteboards，orwhatevertheywere，andclapthiminprison。Thethingwascommentedupon；butKur—Pfalzgotnoredress。Needwerepeat，——lazyreadershavingsooftenmethim，andforgottenhimagain，——thisisanewyoungerKur—Pfalz:
KarlTheodor，thisone；notFriedrichWilhelm’soldFriend，buthisSuccessor，oftheSulzbachline；ofwhom，afterthirtyyearsorso，wemayagainhear。Hecancomplainabouthisviolatedtabard；willgethisnotaryoutofjailagain，butnoredress。
Highisheventowardsherfriends，this\"Empress—Queen\"
（KAISERIN—KONIGIN，suchhernewtitle），andhasakindof\"Thank—you—for—
Nothing\"airtowardsthem。PrussianMajesty，shesaid，hadunquestionabletalents；but，oh，whatacharacter！Toomuchlevity，shesaid，byfar；heterodoxtoo，intheextreme；aBOSERMANN；——andwhataneighborhashebeen！AstoSilesia，shewasheardtosay，shewouldassoonpartwithherpetticoataspartwithit。
[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。126，128。]——
Sothatthereisnottheleastprospectofpeacehere？\"None，\"
answerFriedrich’semissaries，whomhehadempoweredtohintthething。WhichisheavynewstoFriedrich。
EarlyinAugust，notlongafterthatAudienceofRobinson’s，herMajesty，afterrepeatedwrittenmessagestoPrinceKarl，urginghimtogointofightagainorattemptsomething，hadsenttwohighmessengers:PrinceLobkowitz，Duked’Ahremberg，highdignitariesfromCourt，havecometoKonigsgratzwiththelatesturgencies，thenewestideas；andwouldfainhelpPrinceKarltoattemptsomething。
Dailytheyusedtocomeoutuponalittleheight，inviewofFriedrich’stent，andgazeinuponhim，androundallNature，\"withbigtubes，\"hesays，\"asiftheyhadbeenastronomers；\"butneverattemptedanything。WerememberD’Ahremberg，andwhatparthehasplayed，fromtheDettingentimesandonward。\"Adebauchedoldfellow，\"saysFriedrich；\"gonealltohebetudebyhislaborsinthatline；agreesalwayswiththelastspeaker。\"PrinceKarlseemstohavelittlestomachhimself；anddoesnotseehiswayinto（oracross）anotherBattle。Lobkowitz，again，isalwayssaying:
\"Trysomething！Wearenowstrongerthanthey，bytheirdetachings，byourreinforcings\"（indeed，abouttwicetheirnumber，regularandirregular），thoughmostoftheSaxonsaregonehome。Aftermuchgazingthroughtheirtubes，theAustrians（August23d）domakeasmallshiftofplace，insignificantotherwise；thePrussians，nextday，dothelike，inconsequence；quitChlum，burningtheirhuts；
postthemselvesalittlefartheruptheElbe，——theirleftataplacecalledJaromirz，embouchureoftheAupaintoElbe，[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。129。]——andareagainunattackable。
TheworstfactisthemultitudeofPandours，moreandmoreinfestingourprovision—roads；andthathorse—forageitselfis，atlast，runninglow。Detachmentsliealldulyroundtorightandleft，tosecureourcommunicationswithSilesia，especiallytoleft，outofGlatz，whererunsoneofthechiefroadswehave。
Buttheserviceisbecomingdailymoredifficult。Forexample:——
\"NEUSTADT，8thSEPTEMBER。Inthatleft—handquarter，comingoutofGlatzatalittleBohemianTowncalledNeustadt，thePrussianCommander，Tauenzienbyname，wasrepeatedlyassaulted；andfromSeptember8th，hadtostandactualsiege，gallantlyrepulsingafull10，000withtheirbigartillery，thoughhiswallswereallbreached，foraboutaweek，tillFriedrichsenthimrelief。
PrinceLobkowitz，ouroldanti—Belleislefriend，whoisalwaysofforwardfieryhumor，hadsetthemonthisenterprise；whichhasturnedoutfruitless。TheKingismuchsatisfiedwithTauenzien；
[Ib。132。]ofwhomweshallhearagain。Whoindeedbecomesnotabletous，wereitonlyforgettingoneLessingassecretary，byandby:GottholdEphraimLessing，whosefamehassincegoneintoallcountries；themanhavingbeenappointeda’Secretary’totheveryDestinies，insomesort；thatistosay，aWriterofBookswhichhaveturnedouttohavetruthinthem！Tauenzien，agrimmishaquilinekindofman，ofnosuperfluouswords，hasdistinguishedhimselfforthepresentbydefendingNeustadt，whichtheAustriansfullycountedtogetholdof。\"
Letusgiveanotherlittlescene；preparatorytoquittingthisCountry，asitisevidenttheKingandwewillsoonhavetodo；
Countrybeingquiteeatenout，Pandoursgettingeverrifer，andtheSeasondone:——
JAROMIRZ，\"EARLYINSEPTEMBER，\"1745。\"JaromirzisalittleBohemianTownontheAupa，orbetweentheAupaandMetaubranchesoftheUpperElbe；fourorfivemilesnorthofSemonitz，whereFriedrich’squarternowis。Valori，soseldomspokento，islodgedinasuburbthere:’Hadnotyoubettergointothetownitself？’
hisMajestydidoncesay；butValori，dreadingnothing，lodgedon，——’LandlordaBurgherwhomIthoughtrespectable。’Respectable，yeshe；buthissonhadbeendealingwithFranquinithePandour，andhadsoldValori，——nightappointed，measuresalltaken；amiracleifValoriescape。Franquini，chiefof30，000Pandours，hascomeinpersontosuperintendthisimportantcapture；andlieshidden，withastrongparty，inthewoodstorearward。Prussiansabout200，scatteredinposts，occupythehedgesinfront，forguardoftheovens；torear，Jaromirzbeingwhollyours，thereisnosuspicion。
\"Inthedeadofthenight，Franquiniemergesfromthewoods；
sendsforwardapartyofsixty，undertheyoungJudas；who，bymethodssuitable，getsthemstealthilyconductedintoPapa’sBarn，whichlooksacrossacourtyardintoValori’sverywindows。FromtheBarnitiseasy，onpawsofvelvet，togetintotheHouse，ifyouhaveaJudastoopenit。Whichyouhave:——boltsalldrawnforyou，andevenbeamsreadyforbarricadingifyoubemeddledwith。
’UpstairsishisExcellencyasleep；Excellency’sroomis——toright，doyouremember；ortoleft’——’Pshaw，weshallfindit！’
ThePandoursmount；findabedroom，breakitopen，——somefifteenorsixteenofthem，andonewhoknowsalittleFrench；——comecrowdingforward:tothehorrorandterrorofthepoorinhabitant。’
’QUEVOULEZ—VOUSDONC？’’HisExcellencyValori！’’Well，noviolence；Iamyourprisoner:letmedress！’answersthesupposedExcellency，——andcontrivestosecreteportfolios，andtearormakeawaywithpapers。Andismarchedoff，underaselectguard，wholeavetheresttodothepillage。AndwasnotValoriatall；
wasValori’sSecretary，oneD’Arget，whohadcalledhimselfValorionthisdangerousoccasion！Valorisatquakingbehindhispartition；nottillthePandoursbeganplunderingthestablesdidthePrussiansentrycatchsoundofthem，andplungein。\"
Friedrichhadhisamusementoutofthisadventure；likedD’Arget，thecleverSecretary；gotD’Argettohimselfbeforelong，aswillbeseen；——and，inquietertimes，dashedoffaconsiderableExplosionofRhyme，calledLEPALLADION（ValoriasPrussia’s\"Palladium，\"withDevilsattemptingtostealhim，andthelike），whichwasoncethoughtanexquisiteBurlesque，——Kingscovetingasightofit，invain，——butisnowwearisomeenoughtoeveryreader。
[Valori，i。242；OEuvresdeFrederic，
iii。130:fortheFact。ExquisiteBurlesque，PALLADIONitself，isinOEuvres，xi。192—271（seeIB。139）:abadcopyofthatverybadOriginal，JEANNED’ARC，——theonlythingnowgoodinit，Friedrich’spoliteyetpositiverefusaltogratifyKingLouisandhisPompdourwithasightofit（seeIB。PREFACE，x—xiv，Friedrich’sLettertoLouis；dateofrequestandofrefusal，March，1750）。]——LetusattendhisMajesty’sexitfromBohemia。
ChapterXII。
BATTLEOFSOHR。
ThefamedbeautifulElbeRiverrisesinromanticchasms，terribletothepicturesquebeholder，attherootsoftheRiesengebirge；
overlookedbytheHohe—Kamms，andhighestsummitsofthatchain。
\"Outofelevenwells，\"saysgentleDulness，\"EILForELFQUELLEN，whenceitsname，ElbeforELF。\"Sureenough，itstartsoutofvariouswells；[Description，inZollner，BriefeuberSchlesien，ii。305；in&c。&c。]rushesout，likeagreatpeacock’sorpasha’stail，fromtherootsoftheGiantMountainsthereabouts；andhurriessouthward，——orevenrathereastward，atfirst；for（excepttheIsertowestward，whichdoesnotfallinforagreatwhile）itschiefbranchescomefromtheeasternside:Aupa，Metau，Adler，thedrainingsofGlatz，andofthatruggedCountrywhereFriedrichhasbeencampingandmanoeuvringallsummer。Onthewhole，itscourseissouthwardforthefirstseventyoreightymiles，washingJaromirz，Konigshof，Konigsgratz，downtoPardubitz:atPardubitzitturnsabruptlywestward，andholdsonso，bendingevennorthward，byhillandplain，throughtherestofitsfiveorsixhundredmiles。
Itsfirstconsiderablebranch，onthateasternorleftbank，istheAupa，whichrisesinthePassofSchatzlar（greatstrugglingthere，forconvoys，justnow）；goesnextbyTrautenau，whichhaslatelybeenburnt；andjoinstheElbeatJaromirz，whereValoriwasstolen，ornearlyso，fromunderthePrussianleftwing。TheAuparunsnearlystraightsouth；theElbe，tillmeetingit，hasrunrathersoutheast；butafterjoiningtheygosouthtogether，augmentedbytheMetau，bytheAdler，downtoPardubitz，wherethefinalturntowestoccurs。Jaromirz，whichliesintheveryangleofElbeandAupa，istheleftwingofFriedrich’sCamp；mainbodyoftheCampliesontheothersideoftheElbe，butofcoursehasbridges（asatSmirzitz，wherethatstrawsentrydidhisprankslately）；bridgesareindispensable，partofourprovisioncomingalwaysbythatBOHEMIANNeustadt，fromthenortheastquarteroutofSilesia；thoughthemaincourseofourmeal（andmuchfightingforit）isdirectfromthenorth，bythePassofSchatzlar，——
\"Chaslard，\"aspoorValoricallsit。
ThusFriedrichlay，whenValoriescapedbeingstolen；
whenTauenzienwasassailedbythe10，000Pandourswithsiegeartillery，andstoodinexpugnableinthebreachtillFriedrichrelievedhim。ThosePandours\"hadcutawayhiswater，forthelasttwodays；\"sothat，exceptforspeedyrelief，allvalorhadbeeninvain。Waterbeinggone，notrecoverablewithoutdifficulties，Neustadtwasabandoned（September16th，asIguess）；——oneofourmainSilesianroadsformealhasceased。WehavenowonlySchatzlartodependon；whereFranquini——lyingwestwardamongtheglensoftheUpperElbe，andpossessedofabundanttalentintheTolpatchway（witnessValori’snarrowmisslately）——givesustroubleenough。
FriedrichdeterminestomovetowardsSchatzlar。Homewards，infact；
eatingtheCountrywellashegoes。
Saturday，18thSeptember，FriedrichcrossestheElbeatJaromirz。
Entirelyunopposed；theAustrianswereallbusyfiringFEU—DE—JOIE
fortheElectionoftheirGrand—Duke:ElectiondonefivedaysagoatFrankfurt，andthenewsjustcome。Sotheycrackleabout，anddeliverrollingfire，atagreatrate；proudtobe\"IMPERIALArmy\"
henceforth，asifthatcoulddomuchforthem。Therewasalsovastdining，forthreedays，amongthehighheads，andagreatdealofwinespent。Thatprobablywouldhavebeenthechancetoundertakesomethinguponthem，betterthancrossingtheElbe，saysFriedrichlookingback。Buthedidnotthinkofitintime；tooksecond—bestinplaceofbest。
Heisnow，therefore，overintothatTriangularpieceofCountrybetweenElbeandAupa（ifreaderswillconsulttheirMap）；inthattriangle，hissubsequentnotableoperationsalllie。Hehereproposestomovenorthward，bydegrees，——throughTrautenau，Schatzlar，andhome；welleatingthisbitofCountrytoo，thelastuneatenbit，ashegoes。Thiswelleaten，therewillbenoharboranywhereforInvasion，throughtheWintercoming。OneofmyoldNotessaysofit，inthetopographicpointofview:——
\"ItisatriangularpatchofCountry，whichhaslainasleepsincetheCreationoftheWorld；traversedonlybyBoii（BOI—HEIM—ERS，Bohemians），Czechsandothersuchpopulations，inHumanHistory；
butwhichFriedrichhasbeenfatedtomakerathernotabletotheModernshenceforth。Letmerecommendittothepicturesquetourist，especiallytothemilitaryone。Loversofrockyprecipices，quagmires，brawlingtorrentsandtheunadulteratedruggednessofNature，willfindscopethere；anditwasthesceneofadistinguishedpassageofarms，withnotabledisplayofhumandexterityandswiftpresenceofmind。Fortherest，oneofthewildest，andperhaps（excepttothepicturesquetourist）mostunpleasantregionsintheworld。Wildstonyupland；topmostUpland，wemaysay，ofEuropeingeneral，orportionofsuchUpland；
fortherainstormshereaboutsrunseveralroads，——intotheGermanOceanandAtlanticbytheElbe，intotheBalticbytheOder，intotheBlackSeabytheDonau；——anditisthewasteOutfieldwhitheryourise，bylongweeks—journeys，frommanysides。
\"Muchofit，towardstheangleofElbeandAupa，isoccupiedbyahugewasteWood，called’KingdomForest’（KONIGREICHSYLVAorWALD，peculiumofOldCzechMajesties，Ifancy）；maybesixtysquaremilesinarea，thelongersideofwhichliesalongtheElbe。
ACountryofrockydefiles；lowishhillschaoticallyshovedtogether，notwantingtheirbrooksandquagmires，straightlabyrinthicpassages；shaggywithwildwood。SomepoorHamletshereandthere，probablythesleepiestinNature，arescatteredabout；
theremaybepatchesploughableforrye[modernTouristsayssnappishly，Therearemanysuch；wholeregionnowdrained；
remindedmeofYorkshireHighlands，withtheWesternSungildingit，thatfineafternoon！]——ploughableforrye，buckwheat；
boggygrasstobegatheredinsummer；charcoalingtodo；pigsatleastarepresumable，amongthesestragglingoutpostsofhumanityintheirobscureHamlets:poorploughing，moilingcreatures，theylittlethoughtofbecomingnotablesosoon！NoneoftheBooks（allintentonmeresoldiering）taketheleastnoticeofthem；notatthepainstospelltheirHamletsright:nomorenoticethaniftheyalsohadbeenstocksandmoss—grownstones。Nevertheless，theretheydidevidentlylive，forthousandsofyearspast，inadimmanner；——andaremuchterrifiedtohavebecometheseatofwar，allonasudden。TheirpoorHamlets，Sohr，Staudentz，Prausnitz，Burgersdorfandothersstillsendupafaintsmoke；andhaveinthem，languidly，thelive—coalofmysterioushumanexistence，inthosewoods，——tojudgebythelastmapsthathavecomeout。Athingworthconsideringbythepassingtourist，militaryorother。\"
ItisinthisKingdomForest（whichhecallsROYAUMEDESILVA，insteadofSYLVADEROYAUME）thatFriedrichnownmrches；
keepingthebodyoftheForestwellonhisleft，andskirtingthesouthernandeasternsidesofit。RoughmarchingforhisMajesty；
painfullyinfestedbyNadastianTolpatches；whorunoutonhimfromambushes，andneedtobescourged；oneambushinparticular，ataplacecalledLiebenthal（secondday’smarch，andneartheendofit），——whereourPrussianHussars，windinglikefierydragonsonthedangerousprecipices，gavethembetterthantheybrought，andcompletelyquenchedtheirappetiteforthatday。AfterLiebenthal，themarchsoonends；threemilesfartheron，atthedimwold—hamletofStaudentz:hereacampispitched；here，tilltheCountryiswelleatenout，ortillsomethingelseoccur，weproposetotarryforatime。
Horse—forageaboundshere；butthereisnogettingofitwithoutdisturbancefromthosedogs；youmustfightforeverytrussofgrass:ifameal—trainiscoming，astheredoeseveryfivedays，youhavetodetach8，000footand3，000horsetohelpitsafein。
Afrettingfatiguingtimeforregulartroops。OurbakeryisatTrautenau，——whereValoriisnowlodging。TheTolpatchery，unabletotakeTrautenau，setfiretoit，thoughitistheirowntown，theirownQueen’stown；thatchyTrautenau，woodentoointheupperstoriesofit，takesgreedilytothefire；goesallaloftinflame，andthenliesblack。Ascandaloustransaction，thinksFriedrich。
ThePrussiancornlaynearlyallincellars；littlegot，evenofthePrussians，bysuchanatrocity:andyourownpoorfellow—
subjects，wherearethey？Valoriwasburntouthere；againexplodedfromhisquarters，poorman；——seemstohavethoughtitamerefireinhisownlodging，andthathewasanunfortunatediplomatist。
Happilyhegotnotice（PRIVATISSIME，fornoofficerdarewhisperinsuchcases）thatthereisanarmedpartysettingoutforSilesia，toguardmealthatiscoming:Valoriyokeshimselftothisarmedparty，andgetssafeovertheHillswithit，——thenswift，byextrapost，toBreslauandtocivilized（partiallycivilized）
accommodation，foralittlerestafterthesehustlingsandtossings。
FriedrichhadlainatStaudentz，inthismanner，bickeringcontinuallyforhisforage，andeatingtheCountry，forabouttendays:andnow，asthelatterprocessiswellon，andtheseasondrawingtoaclose:hedeterminesonashiftnorthward。
Thursday，30thSeptembernext，lettherebeoneothergrandforage，thefinaloneinthiseatentract，thennorthwardtofreshgrounds。
That，itappears，wasthedesign。But，onWednesday，therecameinanAustriandeserter；whoinformsusthatPrinceKarlisnotnowinKonigsgratz，butinmotionuptheElbe；alreadysomefiftymilesup；pastJaromirz:hisrearatKonigshof，hisvanatArnau，——onalevelwithburntTrautenau，andfarthernorththanweourselvesare。Thisisimportantnews。\"IntendingtoblockusoutfromSchatzlar？Hmh！\"Singlescouts，orsmallparties，cannotliveinthisKingdomWood，swarmingwithPandours:FriedrichsendsoutaColonelKatzler，with500lighthorse，toinvestigatealittle。
Katzlerpushesforward，onsuchlaneorforestroad—trackasthereis，towardsKonigshof；beatsbacksmallhussarparties；——comes，inaboutanhour’sspace，notuponhussarsmerely，butupondensemassesofheavyhorsewindingthroughtheforestlanes；and，withthatimperfectintelligence，isobligedtoreturn。Thedeserterspaketruth，apparently；andthatisallwecanknow。Forageschemeisgivenup；theorderis，\"Baggagepacked，andMARCHto—morrowmorningatten。\"Longbeforeten，therehadgreatthingsbefallenonthemorrow！——TrytounderstandthisNotealittle:——
\"TheCampofStaudentz—whichtwopersons（theKing，andGeneralStille，amorecarefulreporter，whoalsowasaneye—witness）havedonetheirbesttodescribe——will，afterallefforts，andanOrdnanceMaptohelp，remainconsiderablyunintelligibletothereader；asistoousualinsuchcases。Ablockofhigh—lyingground；Friedrich’sCamponit，perhapstwomileslong，lookstothesouth；smallVillageofStaudentzinfront；hollowbeyondthat，andsecondsmallVillage，DeutschPrausnitz，hangingontheoppositeslope，withshaggyheightsbeyond，andtheKingdomForesttherebeginning:ontheleft，defiles，brooksandstraitcountry，leadingtowardsthesmalltownofEypel:thatisourleftandfrontaspect，ahollowwellisolatingusonthosesides。Hollowcontinuesallalongthefront；hollowdefiniteonoursideofit，andformingatolerabledefence:——thoughagain，Iperceive，torightwardatnogreatdistance，thereriseHighGroundswhichconsiderablyoverhangus。\"Athingtobemarked！\"Thesewecouldnotoccupy，forwantofmen；butonlymaintainvedettesuponthem。OvertheseHeights，amileortwowestwardofthishollowofours，runsthebigwindinghollowcalledGeorgengrund（GEORGE’SBOTTOM），whichwindsupanddowninthatKingdomForest，andoffersaroadfromKonigshoftoTrautenau，amongothercoursesittakes。
\"FromthecrownofthoseHeightsonourrightflankhere，lookingtothewest，youmightdiscern（perhapsthreemilesoff，fromoneoftheshelteringnooksinthehithersideofthatGeorgengrund），risingfaintlyvisibleoverknollsanddingles，thesmokeofalittleForestVillage。ThatVillageisSohr；notableeversince，beyondothers，intheKingdomWood。Sohr，liketheotherVillages，hasitslane—roads；itsroadtoTrautenau，toKonigshof，nodoubt；
butmuchneareryou，onoureasternslopeoftheHeights，andfarhitherwardofSohr，whichisonthewestern，goesthegreatroad[whatisnowthegreatroad]，fromKonigshoftoTrautenau，wellvisiblefromFriedrich’sCamp，thoughstillatsomedistancefromit。CouldtheseHeightsbetweenusandSohr，whichliebeyondthegreatroad，beoccupied，wewerewellsecured；isolatedontherighttoo，asontheothersides，fromKingdomForestanditsambushes。’Shouldhavebeendone，’admitsFriedrich；’butthen，asitis，therearenottroopsenough:’with18，000menyoucannotdoeverything！\"
Here，however，istheimportantpoint。InSohr，thisnight，29thSeptember，inamostprivatemanner，theAustrians，30，000ofthemandmore，havecomeglidingthroughthewoods，withouteventheirpipelit，andwiththickveilofhussarsahead！OutpostsoftheirsliesquattedinthebushesbehindDeutschPrausnitz，hardly500
yardsfromFriedrich’sCamp。Andeastward，leftwardofhim，inthedefilesaboutEypel，lieNadastiandRuffianTrenck，withtenortwelvethousand，whoaretotakehiminrear。His\"CampofStaudentz\"willbeatafinepassto—morrowmorning。TheAustrianGentlemenhadfound，lastweek，acertainbareHeightintheForest（Heightstillknown），fromwhichtheycouldusetheirastronomertubesdayafterday；[Orlich，ii。225。]andnowtheyareaboutattemptingsomething！
Thursdaymorning，veryearly，30thSeptember，1745，Friedrichwasinhistent，busywithgeneralsandmarch—routes，——whenarapidorderlycomesin，fromthatVedette，orstrongPiquet，ontheHeightstoourright:\"Austriansvisiblymoving，inquantity，nearby！\"andbeforehehasdoneanswering，theofficerhimselfarrives:
\"RegularCavalryingreatforce；longdust—cloudinKingdomForest，inthegraydawn；and，sofaraswecanjudge，itistheirArmycomingon。\"Hereisnewsforapoorman，intherawofaSeptembermorning，bywayofbreakfasttohim！\"Toarms！\"is，ofcourse，Friedrich’sinstantorder；andhehimselfgallopstothePiquetontheHeights，glassinhand。\"AustrianArmysureenough，thirtytothirty—fivethousandofthem，weonlyeighteen。[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。139。]Comingtotakeusontherightflankhere；toattackourCampbysurprise:willcrushusnorthwardthroughthedefiles，andtrampleusdownindetail？Hmh！Torunforit，willneverdo。Wemustfightforit，andevenattackTHEM，asourwayis，thoughonsuchterms。Quick，aplan！\"TheheadofFriedrichisabankyoucannoteasilybreakbycomingonitforplans:suchacreatureforimpromptuplans，andunexpecteddashesswiftasthepanther’s，Ihavehardlyknown，——especiallywhenyousqueezehimintoacorner，andfancyheisoverwithit！
Friedrichgallopsdown，withhisplanclearenough；andalreadytheAustrians，horseandfoot，aredeployinguponthoseHeightshehasquitted；FiftySquadronsofHorseforleftwingtothem，andabatteryofTwenty—eightbigGunsisestablishingitselfwhereFriedrich’sPiquetlatelystood。
Friedrich’srightflankhastobecomehisfront，andfacethoseformidableAustrianHeightsandBatteries；andthiswithmorethanPrussianvelocity，andundertheplayofthosetwenty—eightbigguns，throwingcase—shot（GRENADESROYALES）andsoforth，allthewhile。ToValori，whenheheardofthething，itisinconceivablehowmortaltroopscouldaccomplishsuchamovement；
Friedrichhimselfpraisesit，asathinghonorablywelldone。
Tookabouthalfanhour；case—shotrainingallthewhile；
soldierhonorablynever—minding:noflurry，thoughaspeedlikethatofspinning—tops。Andhereweatlengthare，Staudentznowtorearofus，behindourcentreagoodspace；Burgersdorfinfrontofustoright，ourleftreachingtoPrausnitz:Austrianlines，threedeepofthem，ontheoppositeHeight；weonelineonly，whichmatchestheminlength。
They，thatleftwingofhorse，shouldhavethundereddownonus，attackingus，notwaitingourattack，thinksFriedrich；buttheyhavenotdoneit。Theystandontheirheightthere，willperhapsfirecarbines，astheirwontis。\"You，Buddenbrock，gointothemwithyourCuirassiers！\"BuddenbrockandtheCuirassiers，thoughitisuphill，gointothematafuriousrate；meetnocountercharge，meresputterofcarbines；——tumblethemtomadwreck，backupontheirsecondline，backupontheirthird:absurdlycrowdedthereontheirnarrowheight，noroomtomanoeuvre；sothattheyplunge，fiftysquadronsofthem，whollyintotheGeorgengrundrearward，intotheKingdomWood，andnevercomeonagainatall。
Buddenbrockhasdonehisjobrightwell。
Seeingwhich，ourInfantryoftherightwing，whichstoodnexttoBuddenbrock，madeimpetuouschargeuphill，emuloustocapturethatBatteryofTwenty—eight；butfoundit，forsometime，aterribleattempt。TheseHeightsarenottobecalled\"hills，\"stillless\"mountains\"（asinsomecarelessBooks）；butitisastiffclimbatdouble—quick，withtwenty—eightbiggunsplayinginthefaceofyou。Stormsofcase—shotshearawaythisInfantry，arequenchingitsnoblefuryindespair；Infantryvisiblyrecoiling，whenoursoleThreeRegimentsofReservehurryuptosupport。Roundtheseallrallies；rushesdesperatelyon，andtakestheBattery，——ofcourse，sendingtheAustrianleftwingrapidlyadrift，onlossofthesame。
This，Iconsider，isthecrisisoftheFight；thebackoftheAustrianenterpriseisalreadybroken，bythissadwingingofitontheleft。Butitresistsstill；comesdownagain，——thereserveoftheirleftwingseenrapidlymakingforBurgersdorf，intendinganattackthere；whichweopposewithvigor，settingBurgersdorfonfirefortemporaryscreen；anddrivetheAustrianreserverapidlytorearwardagain。Butthereisrallyafterrallyofthem。
Theyrankagainoneverynewheight，anddisputethere；loathtobedrivenintoKingdomWood，aftersuchaflourishofarms。
Oneheight，\"bushysteepheight，\"thelight—limbedvaliantPrince，littleFerdinandofBrunswick，hadthechargeofattacking；andhediditwithhisusualimpetusandirresistibility:——and，strangelyenough，thedefenderofitchancedtobethatBrotherofhis，PrinceLudwig，withwhomhehadthelittleInterviewlately。
PrinceLudwiggotawound，aswellaslosthisheight。ThethirdBrother，poorPrinceAlbrecht，whoisalsohere，asvolunteerapprentice，onthePrussianside，getskilled。TherewillneverbeanotherInterview，forallthree，betweentheCamps！StrangetimesforthosepoorPrinces，whohavetoseeksoldieringfortheirexistence。
MeanwhiletheCavalryofBuddenbrock，thatistosayoftherightwing，havingnownoworkinthatquarter，isdespatchedtoreinforcetheleftwing，whichhasstoodhithertoapartonitsownground；notattackedorattacking，——aleftwingREFUSED，asthesoldiersstyleit。ReinforcedbyBuddenbrock，thisleftwingofhorsedoesnowalsostormforward；——\"neartheVillageofPrausnitz\"
（Prausnitzalittlewaytorearofit），thereabouts，isthesceneofitsfeat。FeatdoneinsuchfashionthattheAustriansoppositewillnotstandthechargeatall；butgurgleaboutinachaoticmanner；thengallopfairlyintoKingdomWood，withoutstrokestruck；anddisappear，astheirfellowshaddone。WhereuponthePrussianhorsebreaksinupontheadjoiningInfantryofthatflank（Austrianrightflank，leftbareinthismanner）；champsitalsointochaoticwhirlpools；cutsawayanoutskirtofnear2，000
prisoners，andsetstherestrunning。ThisseemstohavebeenprettymuchtheCOUP—DE—GRACEoftheFight；andtohavebroughttheAustriandisputetofinis。Fromthefirst，theyhadralliedontheheights；hadstruggledanddisputed。Twogeneralralliestheymade，andvariouspartial，butnonehadanysuccess。Theyweredrivenon，bayonetinback，asthephraseis:withthissadslapontheirright，addedtothatoldoneontheirleft，whatcantheynowdobutebbrapidly；pourincataractsintoKingdomWood，anddisappearthere？[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。135—143；
Stille，pp。144—163；Orlich，ii。227—243；Feldzuge，i。357，363，374。]
PrinceKarl’sschemewasgood，saysFriedrich；butitwasillexecuted。Henevershouldhaveletusform；hisfirstgrandfaultwasthathewaitedtobeattacked，insteadofattacking。Partsofhisschemewereneverexecutedatall。Duked’Ahremberg，forinstance，itissaid，hadsodimanotionoftheground，thathedrewupsomemilesoff，withhisbacktothePrussians。Suchistherumor，——perhapsonlyarumor，inmockeryofthehebetatedoldgentlemanfallenunlucky？Ontheotherhand，thatNadastimadeafailurewhichprovedimportant，isindubitable。Nadasti，withsomethousandsofTolpatchery，wasatLiebenthal，fourmilestosoutheastoftheaction；RuffianTrencklaybehindEypel，perhapsasfartoeast，ofit:TrenckandNadastiweretorendezvous，tounite，andattackthePrussianCamponitsrear，——\"Camp，\"sorantheorder，foritwasunderstoodthePrussianswouldallbethere，weothersattackingitinfrontandbothflanks；——whichturnedoutotherwise，notforNadastialone！
Nadasticametohisrendezvousintime；RuffianTrenckdidnot:
NadastigrewtiredofwaitingforTrenck，andattackedtheCampbyhimself:——Camp，butnotanymen；Campbeingnowempty，andthemenallfighting，rankedatrightanglestoit，furlongsandmilesaway。NadastimadeararehandoftheCamp；plunderedeverything，tookalltheKing’sCamp—furniture，readymoney，favoritedogBiche，——likewisepoorEichelhisSecretary，who，however，torethepapersfirst。TolpatcheryexultinglyguttedtheCamp；andatlastsetfiretoit，——burntevensomeeightortenpoorPrussiansick，andalso\"somewomenwhomtheycaught。Wefoundthelimbsofthesepoormenandwomenlyingabout，\"reportsoldGeneralLehwald；
whoknewaboutit。Adoggerywellworthyofthegallows，thinkLehwaldandI。\"Couldn’thelpit；ferocityofwildmen，\"saysNadasti。\"Well；butwhynotattack，then，withyourferocity？\"
ConfusedCourt—martialputthesequestions，atViennasubsequently；
andRuffianTrenck，somesay，gotinjustice，Nadastishufflingthingsuponhim；forwhichonecaresalmostnothing。Lehwald，lyingatTrautenau，hadheardthefiringatsunrise；andinstantlymarchedtohelp:heonlyarrivedtogiveNadastiaslashortwo，andwastoolatefortheFight。OueSchlichtling，onguardwithaweakparty，savedwhatwasintherightwingoftheCamp，——smallthankstohim，theMainFightbeingsonear:Friedrich’sopinionis，anOfficer，inSchlichtling’splace，oughttohavedonemore，andnothavebeensohelpless。
ThiswastheBattleofSohr；socalledbecausetheAustrianshadbegunthere，andthePrussiansendedthere。ThePrussianpursuitdrewbridleatthatVillage；unsafetoprosecuteAustriansfarther，nowinthedeepsofKingdomForest。TheBattlehaslastedfivehours。Itmustbenowgettingtowardsnoon；andtimeforbreakfast，ifindeedanyweretobehad；butthatisnexttoimpossible，Nadastihavingbeensobusy。Notwithoutextremedifficultyisamanchetofbread，withorwithoutadropofwine，procuredfortheKing’sMajestythisday。Manyatiredherowillhavenothingbuttobacco，withspring—water，tofallbackupon。Nevermind！saystheKing，sayseverybody。Afterall，itisacheappricetopayformissinganattackfromPandoursintherear，whilesuchcrisiswentonahead。
LyingCOUSINTrenck，oftheLife—guard，whoisnowinGlatz，givesvivideye—witnessparticularsofthesethings，timeofthemorningandsoon；saysexpresslyhewasthere，andwhathedidthere，[FredericBarondeTrenck，Memoires，traduitsparlui—meme（StrasbnrgandParis，1789），i。74—78，79。]——thoughinGlatzunderlockandkey，threegoodmonthsbefore。\"HowcouldI
helpmistakes，\"saidheafterwards，whenpeopleobjectedtothisandthatinhisblusterousmendacityofaBook:\"Ihadnothingbutmypooragitatedmemorytotrustto！\"Aman’smemory，whenitgetsthelengthofrememberingthathewasintheBattleofSohrwhilebodilyabsent，oughtitnotto——infact，tostrikework；tostillitsagitationsaltogether，andcallhalt？Trenck，somemonthsafter，gotclamberedoutofGlatz，bysewers，orIforgethow；
andleaped，ordropped，fromsomeparapetintotheRiverNeisse，——
sinkingtotheloinsintoughmud，sothathecouldnotstirMAPTOGOHERE————BOOK15——page499————
farther。\"Fouquetletmestandtherehalfaday，beforehewouldpickmeoutagain。\"RigorousBouquet，humanmercyforbidding，couldnotlethimstandthereinpermanence，——aswe，bettercircumstanced，maywithadvantagetrytodo，intimecoming！
FriedrichlayatSohrfivedays；partlyforthehonorofthething，partlytoeatouttheCountrytoperfection。PrinceKarl，fromKonigshof，soonfellbacktoKonigsgratz；andlaymotionlessthere，nothingbuthisTolpatcheriesastir，SohrCountryalleaten，Friedrich，inthedueDivisions，marchednorthward。
ThroughTrautenau，Schatzlar，hisownDivision，whichwasthemainone；——and，fencingofftheTolpatchessuccessfullywithtrouble，bringsallhismenintoSilesiaagain。Agoodjobofworkbehindthem，surely！CantonsthemtorightandleftofLandshut，aboutRohnstockandHohenfriedberg，hamletsknownsowell；andleavingtheYoungDessauertocommand，drivesforBerlin（30thOctober），——
rapidly，ashiswontis。PrinceKarlhassplituphisforceatKonigsgratz；means，onecannotdoubt，togointowinter—quarters。
Ifhethinkofinvading，acrossthateatenCountryandthosebadMountains，——well，ourtroopscanallbegottogetherinsixhours’time。
AtTrautenau，aweekafterSohr，FriedrichhadatlastreceivedtheEnglishratificationofthatConventionofHanover，signed26thAugust，almostamonthago；notratifiedtillSeptember22d。
Aboutwhichtherehadlatterlybeensomeanxiety，lesthisBritannicMajestyhimselfmighthavebrokenofffromit。
WithAustria，withSaxony，BritannicMajestyhasbeenentirelyunsuccessful:——\"MaynotSohr，perhaps，beafreshpersuasive？\"
hopesFriedrich；——butastoBritannicMajesty’sbreakingoff，histhoughtsarefarfromthat，ifweknew！PoorMajesty:notlongsince，SupremeJoveofGermany；andnow——isliketobeswallowedinragamuffinstreet—riots；notathunder—boltwithinclutchofhim（thunder—boltsallstickinginthemudoftheNetherlands，faroff），andnotaconstable’sstaffoftheleastefficacy！
Considerthesedatesincombination。BattleofSohrwasonTHURSDAY，SEPTEMBER30th:——
\"SUNDAYpreceding，SEPTEMBER26th，wassuchaLord’s—DayintheCityofEdinburgh，ashadnotbeenseenthere，——notsinceJennyGeddes’sstoolwentflyingattheBishop’shead，aboveahundredyearsbefore。Bigalarm—bellburstingoutinthemiddleofdivineservice；emptyingalltheChurches（’Highlandrebelsjustathand！’）——intoGeneralMeetingoftheInhabitants，intoChaoscomeagain，forthenextfortyhours。Till，inthegauntmidnight，Tuesday，2A。M。，Lochielwithabout1，000Camerons，waitingslightopportunity，crushedinthroughtheNetherbowPort；and\"——And，aboutnoonofthatday，apoorfriendofours，loiteringexpectantintheroadthatleadsbySt。Anthony’sWell，sawmakingentryintopaternalHolyrood，——theYoungPretender，inperson，whoisjustbeingproclaimedPrinceofWales，upintheHigh—streetyonder！
\"Atallslenderyoungman，aboutfivefeettenincheshigh；ofaruddycomplexion，high—nosed，largerollingbrowneyes；long—
visaged，red—haired，butatthattimeworeapaleperiwig。HewasinaHighlandhabit[coat]；overtheshoulderabluesashwroughtwithgold；redvelvetbreeches；agreenvelvetbonnet，withwhitecockadeonitandagoldlace。HisspeechseemedverylikethatofanIrishman；verysly[howdidyouknow，mypoorfriend？]；——spokeoftentoO’Sullivan[thoughttobeapersonofsomecounsel；hadbeenTutortoMaillebois’sBoys，hadeventriedsomeirregularfightingunderMaillebois]——toO’Sullivanand\"[Henderson，
HighlandRebellion，p。14。]……AndonSaturday，inshort，camePRESTONPANS。EnoughofsuchaSupremeJove；goodforushereasatimetablechiefly，ormarkerofdates！
Sunday，3dOctober，King’sAdjutant，CaptainMollendorf，ayoungOfficerdeservedlyinfavor，arrivesatBerlinwiththejoyfultidingsofthisSohrbusiness（\"Prausnitz\"wethencalledit）:
tothejoyofallPrussians，especiallyofaQueenMother，forwhomthereisaLetterinpencil。Afterbriefcongratulation，Mollendorfrusheson；havingnexttogivetheOldDessauernoticeofitinhisCampatDieskau，intheHalleneighborhood。MollendorfappearsinHallesuddenlynextmorning，Monday，aboutteno’clock，sixteenpostilionstrumpeting，andattheirswiftesttrot，infrontofhim；——shooting，likeamelodiousmorning—star，acrosstherustyoldcity，inthismanner，——toDieskauCamp，wherehegivestheOldDessauerhisgoodnews。ExcellentVictoryindeed；sharpstriking，swiftself—helponourpart。HalleandtheCamphaveenoughtothinkof，forthisdayandthenext。WhitherMollendorfwentnext，wewillnotask:perhapstoBrunswickandotherconsanguineousplaces？——Certainitis，\"OnWednesday，the6th，abouttwointheafternoon，theOldDessauerhashiswholeArmydrawnoutthere，withgreensprigsintheirhats，atDieskau，closeupontheSaxonFrontier；and，afterswashingandmanoeuvringaboutinthehighestmilitarystyleofart，ranksthemallinline，ortwosuitablelines，30，000ofthem；
andthen，withclangorousoutburstoftrumpet，kettle—drumandallmanneroffield—music，firesoffhisunitedartilleryafirsttime；
almostshakingtheveryhillsbysuchathunderouspeal，inthestillafternoon。Andmark，closefittedintotheartillerypeal，commencesarollingfire，likeapealspreadoutinthreads，sparklingstrangelytoeyeandear；fromrighttoleft，longspearsoffireandsharpstrokesofsound，dartingaloft，successivesimultaneous，windingforthespaceofmiles，thenbackbytherearline，andhometothestarting—point:verygrandindeed。Again，andalsoagain，theartillerypeal，androllingsmall—armsfittedintoit，isrepeated；asecondandathirdtime，kettle—drumsandtrumpetsdoingwhattheycan。ThatwastheOldDessauer’sbonfiring（whatiscalledFEU—DE—JOIE），fortheVictoryofSohr；audiblealmostatLeipzig，ifthewindwerewesterly。Overpoweringtothehumanmind；atleast，totheoldNewspaperreporterofthatday。
Butwhatwasstrangestinthebusiness，\"continueshe\"（DAS
CURIEUSESTEDABEY），wasthattheSaxonUhlans，lyingaboutinthevillagesacrosstheBorder，wereoutinthefields，watchingthesight，hardly300yardsoff，frombeginningtoend；andlittledreamedthathisHighPrincelySerenity，\"blueoffaceanddreadfulinwar，\"wasquiteclosetothem，ontheHeightcalledBornhock；
condescendingto’takeallthisintoHigh—SereneEye—shinethere；
and，byhavingawhiteflagwaved，deigningtogivesignalforthedischargesoftheartillery。’\"[Helden—Geschichte，i。1124。]
BythisthereadermayknowthattheOldDessauerisalive，readyforactionifcalledon；andBruhloughttocomprehendbetterhowriskishhisgamewithedge—toolsis。Bruhlisnotnowinanunpreparedstate:——hereareUhlansatone’selbowlookingon。
Rutowski’sUhlans；wholiesencamped，notfaroff，ingoodforce，postedamongmorasses；stronglyentrenched，andwithschemesinhishead，andinBruhl’s，ofanaggressive，thrice—secretandverysurprisingnature！Iremarkonlythat，inHeidelbergCountry，victoriousoldTraunisputtinghispeopleintowinter—quarters；
himselfabouttovanishfromthisHistory，[WenttoSIEBENBURGEN
（Transylvania）asGovernor；diedthereFebruary，1748，ageseventy—one（MariaTheresiensLeben，p。56
n。）。]——andhasdetachedGeneralGrunewith10，000men；wholeftHeidelbergOctober9th，onamysteriouserrand，heededbynobody；
andwillturnupinthenextChapter。
ChapterXIII。
SAXONYANDAUSTRIAMAKEASURPRISINGLASTATTEMPT。
AfterthisstrenuousandvictoriousCampaign，whichhasastonishedallpublicmen，especiallyallPragmaticGazetteers，andwithwhichallEuropeisdisharmoniouslyringing，FriedrichishopefultherewillbePeace，throughEngland；——cannotdoubt，atleast，buttheAustrianshavehadenoughforoneyear；——andlooksforwardtocertainmonths，ifnotofrest，yetofanotherkindofactivity。
Negotiation，PeacethroughEngland，ifpossible；thatisthehighprize:andintheothercase，orinanycase，readinessfornextCampaign；——whichwiththetreasuryexhausted，andnohonorablesubsidyfromFrance，isadifficultproblem。
ThatwasFriedrich’s，andeverybody’s，programofaffairsforthemonthscoming:butinthatFriedrichandeverybodyfoundthemselvesgreatlymistaken。BruhlandtheAustrianshaddecidedotherwise。
\"Openmouse—trap，\"atStriegau；clawsofthesleepingcat，atSohr:
theseweresadexperiences；illtobear，withtheSea—Powersgrumblingonyou，andtheworldsniffingitspityonyou；——butarenotconclusive，areonlyprovokingandevenmaddening，tothesanguinemind。Twosadfailures；butletustryanothertime。
\"Atrickyman；cunningenough，yourKingofPrussia！\"thinksBruhl，withafellnessofhumoragainstFriedrichwhichislittleconceivabletousnow:\"Cunningenough。Butitispossiblecunningmaybesurpassedbydeepercunning！\"——anddecides，BartensteinandanindignantEmpress—Queenassentingeagerly，Thatthereshall，intheprofoundestsecrecytillitbreakout，beathird，andmuchfiercertrial，thisWinteryet。TheBruhl—Bartensteinplan（owingmainlytotheRussianBugbearwhichhungoverit，protective，butwithwhimsofitsown）underwentchanges，successiveredactionsoreditions；whichthereaderwouldgrudgetohearexplainedtohim。
[AccountoftheminOrlich，ii。273—278（fromvariousRUTOWSKI
Papers；andfromthecontemporarysatiricalPamphlet，\"MONDSCHEINWURFE，Mirror—castingsofMoonshine，byZEBEDAUSCuckoo，beatenCaptainofabeatenArmy。\"]Ofthefinaloractededition，someloosenotion，sufficientforourpurpose，maybecollectedfromthefollowingfractionsofNotes:——
NOVEMBER17th（INTERIOROFGERMANY）……\"Feldmarschall—LieutenantvonGrune，aGeneralofmark，detachedbyTraunnotlongsince，fromtheRhineCountry，withaforceof10，000men，whyishemarchingabout:firsttoBaireuthCountry，’atHof，November9th，’
asifforBohemia；thennorth，toGera（’liesatGeratillthe17th’），asifforSaxonyProper？PrinceKarl，youwouldcertainlysay，hasgoneintowinter—quarters；aboutKonigsgratz，andfartheron？Goneorgoing，sureenough，isPrinceKarl，intotheconvenientBohemiandistricts，——uncertainwhichparticulardistricts；atleasttheYoungDessauer，watchinghimfromtheSilesianside，isuncertainwhich。Betterbevigilant，PrinceLeopold！——Grune，lyingatGerayonder，isnotintendingforPrinceKarl，then？No，notthither。ThenperhapstowardsSaxony，toreinforcetheSaxons？
Orsome—whithertofindfatwinter—quarters:whoknows？Indeed，whocaresparticularly，forsuchinconsiderableGruneandhis10，000！——
\"TheSaxonsquittedtheirinexpugnableCamptowardsHalle，sometimeago；wentintocantonmentsfartherinland；——theOldDessauer（middleofOctober）havingdonethelike，andgonehome:hisforceliesratherscattered，forconvenienceoffoodandforage。FromtheSilesianside，again，PrinceLeopold，whosehead—quartersareaboutStriegau，intimates，Thathecannotyetsay，withcertainty，whatdistrictsPrinceKarlwilloccupyforwinter—quartersinBohemia。
PrinceKarlisvaguelyrovingabout；detachingPandourstotheSilesianMountains，asifforcheckingourvictoriousNassauthere；——alwaysrathercreepingnorthward；skirtingWesternSilesiawithhismainforce；30，000orbetter，withLobkowitzandNadastiahead。Meaningwhat？Bevigilant，myyoungfriend。
\"Theprivatefactis，PrinceKarldoesnotmeantogointowinter—
quartersatall。Inprivatefact，PrinceKarlisoneofThreemysteriousElementsorCurrents，sentonafarerrand:Gruneisanother:Rutowski’sSaxonCamp（nowbecomeCantonment）isathird。
ThreeCurrentsinstinctwithfireanddestruction，butasyetquiteopaque；whichhavebeenlaunched，——whitherwardthinksthereader？
OnBerlinitself，andtheMarkofBrandenburg；theretocollide，andigniteinamarvellousmanner。Thereistheirmeeting—point:
thereshallthey，onasudden，smiteoneanotherintoflame；
andthedestructionblaze，fieryenough，roundFriedrichandhisownBrandenburghomesteadsthere！——
\"Itisagrandscheme；schemeatleastonagrandscale。FortheLEGSofit，Grune’smarchandPrinceKarl’s，areabout600mileslong！Planduechiefly，theysay，totheyellowrageofBruhl；
aidedbythecontrivanceofRutowski，andthecounselofAustrianmilitarymen。Forthereismuchconsultingaboutit，andredactingofit；PolishMajestyhimselfverybusy。ToBruhl’syellowrageitishighlysolacingandhopeful。’Rutowski，lyingcloseinhisCantonments，andthensuddenlyspringingout，willoverwhelmtheOldDessauer，wholieswide；——candoit，surely；andGruneistheretohelpifnecessary。Dessauerblowntopieces，Grune，withRutowskicombined，pushinuponBrandenburg，——GrunehimselfuponBerlin，——fromthewestandsouth，nobodyexpectinghim。PrinceKarl，nottakingintowinter—quartersinBohemia，astheyidlythink；butfallingdowntheValleyoftheBober，orBoberandQueiss，intotheLausitz（toGorlitz，Guben，wherewehaveMagazinesforhim），comesuponitfromthesoutheast，——nobodyexpectinganyofthem。ThreesimultaneousArmieshurledontheheadofyourFriedrich；combustibledelugesflowingtowardshim，asfromtheendsofGermany；soopaque，silent，yetoffirewholly:
willnotthatsurprisehim！’thinksBruhl。Thesearetheschemesofthelittleman。\"
Bruhl，havingconstitutedhimselfrivaltoFriedrich，andfallenintopaleoryellowragebythecoursethingstook，thisPlanisnaturallyhischiefjoy，orcrownofjoys；abubblingwellofsolacetohiminhisparchedcondition。Heshould，obviously，havekeptitsecret；thrice—secret，thelittlefool；——butapoorparchedmanisnotalwaysmasterofhisprivatebubblingwellsinthatkind！WolfstiernaisSwedishEnvoyatDresden；Rudenskjold，SwedishEnvoyatBerlin，hasrunovertoseehiminthedimNovemberdays。
Swedes，sinceUlrique’smarriage，arefriendlytoPrussia。
Bruhlhasthesetwomentodinner；talkswiththem，overhiswine，aboutFriedrich’sinsultingusageofhim，amongothertopics。
\"Insulting；how，yourExcellency？\"asksRudenskjold，privatelyafriendofFriedrich。Bruhlexplains，withvoicequivering，thosecutsintheFriedrichmanifestoofAugustlast，andothergriefssuffered；thetwoSwedessoothinghimwithwhatoiltheyhaveready。\"Nomatter！\"hintsBruhl；andproceedsfromhinttohint，tillthetwoSwedesarefullyawareofthegrandscheme:
Grune，PrinceKarl；andhowDestruction，withlegs500mileslong，issteadilyadvancingtoassuageonewithjustrevenge。
\"Right，yourExcellency！\"——onlythatRudenskjoldproceedstoBerlin；andtherestraightway（\"8thNovember\"）punctuallymakesFriedrichalsoaware。[Stenzel，iv。262；Ranke，iii。317—323；
Friedrich’sownnarrativeofit，OEuvres，
iii。148。]FoolishBruhl:amanthathasasecretshouldnotonlyhideit，buthidethathehasittohide。
FRIEDRICHGOESOUTTOMEETHISTHREE—LEGGEDMONSTER；
CUTSONELEGOFITINTWO（FightofHennersdorf，23dNovember，1745）。
Friedrich，havingheardthesecret，gazesintoitwithhorrorandastonishment:\"WhatatimeIhave！Thisisnotliving；thisisbeingkilledathousandtimesaday！\"[Ranke（iii。321n。）:TOwhomsaid，wearenottold。]——withhorrorandastonishment；butalsowithwhatmostluminousflashofeyesightisinhim；comparesitwithPrinceKarl’senigmaticmotions，Grune’sopenonesandtheotherphenomena；——perceivesthatitisanindisputablefact，andathrice—formidable；requiringtobeinstantlydealtwithbythepartyinterested！Whereupon，afterheartythankstoRudenskjold，thereoccurtheserapidlysuccessivephasesofactivity，whichwestudytotakeupinacurtform。
FIRST（probably9thor10thNovember），thereisCouncilheldwithMinisterPodewilsandtheOldDessauer；Councilfromwhichcomeslittlebenefit，ornone。PodewilsandOldLeopoldstareincredulous；cannotbemadetobelievesuchathing。
\"ImpossibleanySaxonministerormanwouldvoluntarilybringthetheatreofwarintohisownCountry，inthismanner！\"thinkstheOldDessauer，andpersiststothink，——onwhatobstinategroundFriedrichneverknew。TowhichPodewils，\"whohaspropertiesintheLausitz，andwouldsofainthinkthemsafe，\"obstinately，thoughmorecovertly，adheres。\"Impossible！\"urgeboththeseCouncillors；
andFriedrichcannotevenmakethembelieveit。Believeit；
and，alas，believingitisnotthewholeproblem！
HappilyFriedrichhastheprivilegeofordering，withorwithouttheirbelief。\"You，Podewils，announcethemattertoforeignCourts。You，SereneHighnessofAnhalt，atyourswiftest，collectyonder，andencampagain。YoureyewellonGruneandRutowski；
andtheinstantIgiveyousignal——！IamforSilesia，tolookafterPrinceKarl，theotherlonglegofthisBusiness。\"
OldLeopold，accordingtoFriedrich’saccount，isvisiblygladofsuchopportunitytofightagainbeforehedie:andyet，fornoreasonexceptsomesenilejealousy，isnotcontentwiththesearrangements；perverselyobjectstothisandthat。AtlengththeKingsays，——thinkofthishardword，andoftheeyesthataccompanyit！——\"WhenyourHighnessgetsArmiesofyourown，youwillorderthemaccordiugtoyourmind；atpresent，itmustbeaccordingtomine。\"On，then；andnotamomentlost:forofallthingswemustbeswift！
OldLeopoldgoesaccordingly。Friedrichhimselfgoesinaweekhence。Orders，correspondencesfromPodewilsandtherest，areflyingrightandleft；——toYoungLeopoldinSilesia，firstofall。
YoungLeopolddrawsouthisforcestowardstheSilesian—Lausitzborder，wherePrinceKarl’sintentionsarenowbecomingvisible。
And，——hereisthesecondphasenotable，——
\"OnMonday，15th，[\"18th，\"Feldzuge，i。402
（seeRodenbeck，i。122）。]at7A。M。，\"Friedrichrushesoff，byCrossen，fullspeedforLiegnitz；\"withRothenburg，withthePrinceofPrussiaandFerdinandofBrunswickaccompanying。\"Withwhatthoughts，——though，inhisface，youcanreadnothing；allBerlinbeingalreadyinsuchtremor！FriedrichisinLiegnitznextday；
andafterneedfulpreliminariesthere，does，ontheThursdayfollowing，\"atNieder—Adelsdorf，\"notfaroff，takeactualcommandofPrinceLeopold’sArmy，whichhadlainencampedforsomedays，waitinghim。Andnowwithsuchforceinhand，——35，000，soldierseverymanofthem，andfreshenedbyamonth’srest，——onewillendeavortodosomegooduponPrinceKarl。ProbablysoonerthanPrinceKarlsupposes。ForthereisgreatvelocityinthisyoungKing；apanther—likesuddennessofspringinhim:cunning，too，asanyFelisofthem；andwithclawsliketheFelisLeoonoccasion。
HerefollowsthebriefCampaignthatensued，whichIstrivegreatlytoabridge。
PrinceKarl’sintentionstowardsFrankfurt—on—OderCountry，throughtheLausitz，arenowbecomingpracticallymanifest。ThereisaMagazineforhimatGuben，withinthirtymilesofFrankfurt；
arrangementsgettingreadyalltheway。Awintermarchof150
miles；——butwhat，saythespies，istohinder？PrinceKarldreamsnotthatFriedrichisontheground，orthatanybodyisaware。
WhichnotionFriedrichfindsthatitwillbeextremelysuitabletomaintaininPrinceKarl。FriedrichisnowatAdelsdorf，somethirtymileseastwardoftheLausitzBorder，perhapsfortyormorefromtheroutePrinceKarlwillfollowthroughthatProvince。
\"Itisahigh—lyingirregularlyhillyCountry；hilly，notmountainous。Variousstreamsriseoutofitthathavealongcourse，——amongothers，theSpree，whichwashesBerlin；——especiallythreeValleyscrossit，threeRiverswiththeirValleys:
Bober，Queiss，Neisse（theTHIRDNeissewehavecomeupon）；
allrunningnorthward，prettymuchparallel，thoughallarebranchesoftheOder。ThisisNeisseTHIRD，wesay；nottheNeisseofNeisseCity，whichweusedtoknowatthenorthbaseoftheGiantMountains，northeRoaringNeisse，whichwehaveseenatHohenfriedberg；butathird[andtheFOURTHandlast，\"BlackNeisse，\"thankHeaven，isanupperbranchofthis，andwehave，andshallhave，nothingtodowithit！]——thirdNeisse，whichwemaycalltheLausitzNeisse。Onwhich，neartheheadofit，thereisafineoldspinning，linen—weavingTowncalledZittau，——where，tomakeitmemorable，oneTouristhasread，ontheTown—house，anInscriptionworthrepeating:’BENEFACEREETMALEAUDIREREGIUM
EST，Todogoodandhaveevilsaidofyou，isakinglything。’
OtherTowns，asGorlitz，andseventymilesfarthertheabove—saidGuben，lieonthissameNeisse，——shallweaddthatHerrnhuthstandsneartheheadofit？ThewondrousTownofHerrnhuth（LORD’S—
KEEPING），foundedbyCountZinzendorf，twentyyearsbeforethosedates；[\"In1722，thefirsttreefelled\"（LIVESofZinzendorf）。]
whereareakindofGermanMethodist—Quakerstothisday，whohavebecomeverycelebratedintheinterim。Anopulentenough，mostsilent，strictlyregular，strangelittleTown。Thewomenareinuniform；wives，maids，widows，eachtheirformofdress。
Missionaries，speakingflabbyEnglish，whohavebeenintheWestIndiesoraregoingthither，seemtoaboundintheplace；
malepopulationotherwise，Ishouldthink，mustbemainlydoingtradeelsewhere；nothingbutprayers，preachings，charitableboarding—schoolingandthelike，appearedtobegoingon。
Herrnhuthis’aSabbathPetrified；CalvinisticSabbathdoneintoStone，’asoneofmycompanionscalledit。\"[Tourist’sNote（Autumn，1852）。]
Herrnhuth，ofwhichallEnglishmenhaveheard，standsneartheheadofthisourthirdNeisse；asdoesZittau，afewmileshigherup。
Icandonothingmoretogiveitmarkforthem。BoberValley，thenQueissValley，whichrunparallelthoughtheyjoinatlast，andbecomeBoberwhollybeforegettingintotheOder，——thesetwoValleysandRiverslieinFriedrich’sownTerritory；andarebetweenhimandtheLausitz，QueissRiverbeingtheboundaryofSilesiaandtheLausitzhere。ItisdowntheNeissethatPrinceKarlmeanstomarch。ThereareSaxonsalreadygatheringaboutZittau；anddownasfarasGubentheyaremakingMagazinesandarrangements，——foritisalltheirownCountryinthoseyears，thoughmostofitisPrussia’snow。PrinceKarl’smarchwillgoparalleltotheBoberandtheQueiss；separatedfromtheQueissinthispartbyanundulatingHill—tractoftwentymilesormore。
FriedrichhashadsomewhattosettlefortheSouthernFrontierofSilesiawithal，whichnewdoggeriesofPandoursareinvading，——toliereadyforPrinceKarlonhisreturnthither，whosegrandmeaningallthiswhile（asFriedrichwellknows），is\"Silesiainthelump\"again，hadheoncecutusofffromBrandenburgandoursupplies！GeneralNassau，fareastward，whoisdoingexploitsinMoraviaitself，——himFriedrichhasorderedhomeward，westwardtohisownsideoftheMountains，toattendthesenewPandourgentlemen；Winterfeldhehascalledhome，outofthoseSouthernmountains，aslikelytobeusefulerhereonthisWesternfrontier。
WinterfeldarrivedinCampthesamedaywithFriedrich；andissentforwardwithabodyof3，000lighttroops，tokeepwatchabouttheLausitzFrontierandtheRiverQueiss；\"carefulnottoquitourownsideofthatstream，\"——aswemeantohoodwinkPrinceKarl，ifwecan！
Friedrichliesstrictlywithinhisownborders，foradayortwo；
tillPrinceKarlmarch，tillhisownarrangementsarecomplete。
FriedrichhimselfkeepstheBober，WinterfeldtheQueiss；\"allpassfreelyoutoftheLausitz；noneareallowedtocrossintoit:
therebywehearnoticeofPrinceKarl，henoneofus。\"
Perfectlyquiescent，we，poorcreatures，andawareofnothing！
Thus，too，Friedrich——inspiteofhiswarlikeManifesto，whichtheSaxonsareontheeveofansweringwithaformalDeclarationofWar——affectsgreatrigorinconsideringtheSaxonsasnotyetatwarwithhim:respectstheirfrontier，Winterfeldevenpunisheshussars\"fortrespassingonLausitzground。\"Friedrichalsoaffectstohaveroadsrepaired，whichhebynomeansintendstotravel:——
thewholewithaviewoflullingPrinceKarl；ofkeepingthemouse—
trapopen，ashehaddoneintheStriegaucase。Itsucceededagain，quiteasconspicuously，andatlessexpense。
PrinceKarl——whoseTolpatchdoggeryWinterfeldwillnotallowtopasstheQueiss，andtowhomnotravellerortidingscancomefrombeyondthatRiver——discernsonly，onthefarthershoreofit，Winterfeldwithhis3，000lighttroops。Behindthese，hediscernseithernothing，ornothingimmediatelymomentous；butcontentedlysupposesthatthis，thesuperficiesofthings，isallthesolid—
contenttheyhave。PrinceKarlgetsunderway，therefore，nothingdoubting；withhisSaxonsasvanguard。DowntheNeisseValley，ontherightorQueiss—wardsideofit:Saturday，20thNovember，ishisfirstmarchinLusatianterritory。HeliesthatnightspreadoutinthreeVillages，Schonberg，Schonbrunn，Kieslingswalde；
[Feldzuge，i。407（BerichtvonderActionbeyKatholisch—Hennersdorf，&c。）。]sometenmileslong；paralleltotheNeisseRiver，andaboutfourmilesfromit，eastorQueiss—wardofit。Karlhimselfisrear，atSchonberg；fierceLobkowitziscentre；
theSaxonsarevanguard，6，000inall，postedinVillages，whichagainaresometenortwelvemilesaheadofPrinceKarl’sforces；
theQueissontheirrighthand，andtheNaumburgBridgeofQueiss，whereWinterfeldnowis，aboutfifteenmilestoeast。TheirUhlanscirculatethroughtheinterveningspace（weremuchpatrollingneeded，insuchquietcircumstances），andmaintaintheduecommunication。ThereliesPrinceKarl，onSaturdaynight，20thNovember，1745；anArmyofperhaps40，000，dnngerouslystragglingoutabovetwentymileslong；andappearstoseenodifficultyahead。TheSaxons，Ithink，aretocontinuewheretheyare；
guardingtheflank，whilethePrinceandLobkowitzpushforward，closerbyNeisseRiver。Infourmarchesmore，theycanbeinBrandenburg，withGubenandtheirMagazinesathand。
Seeingwhichstateofmatters，WinterfeldgivesFriedrichnoticeofit；andthathe，Winterfeld，thinksthemomentiscome。
\"PontoonstoNaumburg，then！\"ordersFriedrich。Winterfeld，atthepropermoment，istoformaBridgethere。OnepermanentBridgetherealreadyis；andtwofords，oneaboveit，onebelow:withasecondBridge，therewillberoadwayforfourcolumns，andaswifttransitwhenneedful。Sunday，21st，FriedrichquitstheBober，diligentlytowardsNaumburg；marchesSunday，Monday；Tuesday，23d，aboutelevenA。M。，beginstoarrivethere；Winterfeldandpassagesallready。Forward，then，andletusdriveinuponPrinceKarl；
andeithercuthimintwo，orforcehimtofightus；helittlethinkswhereoronwhatterms。Sureenough，intheworstplacewecanchooseforhim！FriedrichbeginscrossinginfourcolumnsatoneP。M。；crossescontinuouslyforfourhours；unopposed，exceptsomeskirmishingofUhlans，whilehisCavalryisridingtheFordstorightandleft；Uhlansweredrivenbackswiftly，sosoonastheCavalrygotover。Atfiveintheevening，hehasgotentirelyacross，35，000horseandfoot:ZiethenischasingtheUhlansatfullspeed；whoatleastwillshowustheway，——forbythistimeamisthasbegunfalling，andthebriefdaylightisdone。
Friedrichhimself，withoutwaitingfortherearofhisforce，andsomewhilebeforethismistfell（asIjudge），ispushingforward，\"amillerladforhisguide，\"acrosstoHennersdorf，——Katholisch—
Hennersdorf，alongstragglingVillage，eightortenmilesoff，anditselftwomileslong，——whereheunderstandstheSaxonsare。
Millerladguidesus，overheightandhollow，withhisbestskill，atabriskpace；——throughonehollow，wherehehasknownthecattlepastureinsummertime；butwhichprovesimpassable，andmerequagmire，atthisseason。Nogettingthroughit，youunfortunatemillerlad（GARCONDEMEUNIER）。Nevertheless，wedidfindpassagethroughtheskirtsofit:naythisquagmireprovedtheluckofus；
fortheenemy，trustiugtoit，hadnooutguardthere，neverexpectingusonthatside。Sothatthevanguard，ZiethenandrapidHussars，madeanexcellentthingofit。Ziethensendsusword，ThathehasgotintothebodyofHennersdorf，——\"foundtheSaxonQuartermasterquietlypayinghismen；\"——thathe，Ziethen，istolerablymasterofHennersdorf，andwillamusetheenemytilltheotherforcecomeup。
OfcourseFriedrichnowpusheson，doublespeed；detachesotherforce，horseandfoot:whichwaslucky，saysmyinformant；fortheZiethenHussars，gettinggoodplunder，hadbynomeansdemolishedtheSaxons；buthadleftthemtimetodrawupinfirmorder，withahedgeinfront，alittlewestoftheVillage；——fromwhichpost，unassailablebyZiethen，theywouldhavegotsafeofftothemainbody，withlittlebutanaffrontandsomelossofgoods。Thenewforce——arapidKatzlerwithlighthorseinthevan，cuirassiersandfootrapidlyfollowinghim——sweepspastthelongVillage，\"throughathinwoodandadefile；\"findstheenemyfirmlyrankedasabovesaid；cavalrytheirleft，infantryonright，flankedbyanimpenetrablehedge；andatoncestrikesin。Atonce，Katzlerdoes，onordergiven；butisfartooweak。Charges，he；butiscounter—
charged，tumbledback；theSaxons，horseandfoot，showingexcellentfight。Atlength，morePrussianforcecomingup，cuirassierschargetheminfront，dragoonsinflank，hussarsinrear；allattackingatonce，andwithawill；andthepoorSaxonCavalryisentirelycuttoshreds。
AndnowthereremainsonlytheInfantry，perhapsabout1，000men（ifonemustguess）；whoformasquare；plyvigorouslytheirfield—
piecesandtheirfire—arms；andcannotbebrokenbyhorse—charges。
Infact，theseSaxonsmadeafierceresistance；——till，beforelong，PrussianInfantrycameup；and，withcounterfield—piecesandmusketries，blastedgapsinthem；uponwhichtheCavalrygotadmittance，andreducedthegallantfellowsnearlywhollytoannihilationeitherbydeathorcapture。Thereare914PrisonersinthisAction，4bigguns，andIknownothowmanykettle—drums，standardsandthelike，——allthatwerethere，Isuppose。Thenumberofdeadnotgiven。[Orlich，ii。291；Feldzuge，i。400—413。]But，inbrief，thisSaxonForceisutterlycuttopieces；andonlyscatteredtwosandthreesofitrushthroughthedarkmist；scatteringterrortothishandandthat。