BesidestheCambridgedegree，hereceivedaboutthesametimehonoursofanacademickindfromsomeforeignsocieties。
OnAugust5，1878，hewaselectedaCorrespondingMemberoftheFrenchInstitute（\"LyellalwaysspokeofitasagreatscandalthatDarwinwassolongkeptoutoftheFrenchInstitute。Ashesaid，evenifthedevelopmenthypothesiswereobjectedto，Darwin’soriginalworksonCoralReefs，theCirripedia，andothersubjects，constitutedamorethansufficientclaim\"——
FromProfessorJudd’snotes。），intheBotanicalSection，andwrotetoDr。
AsaGray:——
\"IseethatwearebothelectedCorrespondingMembersoftheInstitute。ItisratheragoodjokethatIshouldbeelectedintheBotanicalSection，astheextentofmyknowledgeislittlemorethanthatadaisyisaCompositousplantandapeaaLeguminousone。\"
（ThestatementhasbeenmorethanoncepublishedthathewaselectedtotheZoologicalSection，butthiswasnotthecase。
Hereceivedtwenty—sixvotesoutofapossible39，fiveblankpapersweresentin，andeightvoteswererecordedfortheothercandidates。
In1872anattempthadbeenmadetoelecthimtotheSectionofZoology，when，however，heonlyreceived15outof48votes，andLovenwaschosenforthevacantplace。Itappears（’Nature，’August1，1872）thataneminentmemberoftheAcademywroteto\"LesMondes\"tothefollowingeffect:——
\"WhathasclosedthedoorsoftheAcademytoMr。Darwinisthatthescienceofthoseofhisbookswhichhavemadehischieftitletofame—the’OriginofSpecies，’andstillmorethe’DescentofMan，’isnotscience，butamassofassertionsandabsolutelygratuitoushypotheses，oftenevidentlyfallacious。Thiskindofpublicationandthesetheoriesareabadexample，whichabodythatrespectsitselfcannotencourage。\"）
IntheearlypartofthesameyearhewaselectedaCorrespondingMemberoftheBerlinAcademyofSciences，andhewrote（March12）toProfessorDuBoisReymond，whohadproposedhimforelection:——
\"Ithankyousincerelyforyourmostkindletter，inwhichyouannouncethegreathonourconferredonme。Theknowledgeofthenamesoftheillustriousmen，whosecondedtheproposalisevenagreaterpleasuretomethanthehonouritself。\"
TheseconderswereHelmholtz，Peters，Ewald，PringsheimandVirchow。
In1879hereceivedtheBalyMedaloftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians。
（ThevisittoLondon，necessitatedbythepresentationoftheBalyMedal，wascombinedwithavisittoMissForster’shouseatAbinger，inSurrey，andthiswastheoccasionofthefollowingcharacteristicletter:——\"Imustwriteafewwordstothankyoucordiallyforlendingusyourhouse。Itwasamostkindthought，andhaspleasedmegreatly;butIknowwellthatIdonotdeservesuchkindnessfromanyone。Ontheotherhand，noonecanbetookindtomydearwife，whoisworthherweightingoldmanytimesover，andshewasanxiousthatIshouldgetsomecompleterest，andhereIcannotrest。YourhousewillbeadelightfulhavenandagainIthankyoutruly。\"）
Againin1879hereceivedfromtheRoyalAcademyofTurinthe\"Bressa\"
prizefortheyears1875—78，amountingtothesumof12，000francs。Inthefollowingyearhereceivedonhisbirthday，asonpreviousoccasions，akindletterofcongratulationfromDr。DohrnofNaples。Inwriting（February15th）tothankhimandtheothernaturalistsattheZoologicalStation，myfatheradded:——
\"PerhapsyousawinthepapersthattheTurinSocietyhonouredmetoanextraordinarydegreebyawardingmethe\"Bressa\"Prize。Nowitoccurredtomethatifyourstationwantedsomepiecesofapparatus，ofaboutthevalueof100pounds，Ishouldverymuchliketobeallowedtopayforit。Willyoubesokindastokeepthisinmind，andifanywantshouldoccurtoyou，Iwouldsendyouachequeatanytime。\"
Ifindfrommyfather’saccountsthat100poundswaspresentedtotheNaplesStation。
Hereceivedalsoseveraltokensofrespectandsympathyofamoreprivatecharacterfromvarioussources。Withregardtosuchincidentsandtotheestimationofthepublicgenerally，hisattitudemaybeillustratedbyapassagefromalettertoMr。Romanes:——（ThelecturereferredtowasgivenattheDublinmeetingoftheBritishassociation。）
\"Youhaveindeedpassedamostmagnificenteulogiumuponme，andIwonderthatyouwerenotafraidofhearing’oh！oh！’orsomeothersignofdisapprobation。ManypersonsthinkthatwhatIhavedoneinsciencehasbeenmuchoverrated，andIveryoftenthinksomyself;butmycomfortisthatIhaveneverconsciouslydoneanythingtogainapplause。Enoughandtoomuchaboutmydearself。\"
AmongsuchexpressionsofregardhevaluedveryhighlythetwophotographicalbumsreceivedfromGermanyandHollandonhisbirthday，1877。HerrEmilRadeofMunster，originatedtheideaoftheGermanbirthdaygift，andundertookthenecessaryarrangements。Tohimmyfatherwrote（February16，1877）:——
\"Ihopethatyouwillinformtheonehundredandfifty—fourmenofscience，includingsomeofthemosthighlyhonourednamesintheworld，howgratefulIamfortheirkindnessandgeneroussympathyinhavingsentmetheirphotographsonmybirthday。\"
ToProfessorHaeckelhewrote（February16，1877）:——
Thealbumhasjustarrivedquitesafe。Itismostsuperb。（Thealbumismagnificentlyboundanddecoratedwithabeautifullyilluminatedtitlepage，theworkofanartist，HerrA。FitgerofBremen，whoalsocontributedthededicatorypoem。）ItisbyfarthegreatesthonourwhichIhaveeverreceived，andmysatisfactionhasbeengreatlyenhancedbyyourmostkindletterofFebruary9……Ithankyouallfrommyheart。IhavewrittenbythisposttoHerrRade，andIhopehewillsomehowmanagetothankallmygenerousfriends。\"
ToProfessorA。vanBemmelenhewrote，onreceivingasimilarpresentfromanumberofdistinguishedmenandloversofNaturalHistoryintheNetherlands:——
\"Sir，Ireceivedyesterdaythemagnificentpresentofthealbum，togetherwithyourletter。Ihopethatyouwillendeavourtofindsomemeanstoexpresstothetwohundredandseventeendistinguishedobserversandloversofnaturalscience，whohavesentmetheirphotographs，mygratitudefortheirextremekindness。Ifeeldeeplygratifiedbythisgift，andIdonotthinkthatanytestimonialmorehonourabletomecouldhavebeenimagined。Iamwellawarethatmybookscouldneverhavebeenwritten，andwouldnothavemadeanyimpressiononthepublicmind，hadnotanimmenseamountofmaterialbeencollectedbyalongseriesofadmirableobservers;anditistothemthathonourischieflydue。Isupposethateveryworkeratscienceoccasionallyfeelsdepressed，anddoubtswhetherwhathehaspublishedhasbeenworththelabourwhichithascosthim，butforthefewremainingyearsofmylife，wheneverIwantcheering，Iwilllookattheportraitsofmydistinguishedco—workersinthefieldofscience，andremembertheirgeneroussympathy。WhenIdie，thealbumwillbeamostpreciousbequesttomychildren。ImustfurtherexpressmyobligationfortheveryinterestinghistorycontainedinyourletteroftheprogressofopinionintheNetherlands，withrespecttoEvolution，thewholeofwhichisquitenewtome。Imustagainthankallmykindfriends，frommyheart，fortheirever—memorabletestimonial，andIremain，Sir，Yourobligedandgratefulservant，CHARLESR。DARWIN。\"
[IntheJuneofthefollowingyear（1878）hewasgratifiedbylearningthattheEmperorofBrazilhadexpressedawishtomeethim。Owingtoabsencefromhomemyfatherwasunabletocomplywiththiswish;hewrotetoSirJ。D。Hooker:——
\"TheEmperorhasdonesomuchforscience，thateveryscientificmanisboundtoshowhimtheutmostrespect，andIhopethatyouwillexpressinthestrongestlanguage，andwhichyoucandowithentiretruth，howgreatlyIfeelhonouredbyhiswishtoseeme;andhowmuchIregretmyabsencefromhome。\"
Finallyitshouldbementionedthatin1880hereceivedanaddresspersonallypresentedbymembersoftheCounciloftheBirminghamPhilosophicalSociety，aswellasamemorialfromtheYorkshireNaturalistUnionpresentedbysomeofthemembers，headedbyDr。Sorby。HealsoreceivedinthesameyearavisitfromsomeofthemembersoftheLewishamandBlackheathScientificAssociation，——avisitwhichwas，Ithink，enjoyedbybothguestsandhost。]
MISCELLANEOUSLETTERS——1876—1882。
[Thechiefincidentofapersonalkind（notalreadydealtwith）intheyearswhichwearenowconsideringwasthedeathofhisbrotherErasmus，whodiedathishouseinQueenAnneStreet，onAugust26th，1881。MyfatherwrotetoSirJ。D。Hooker（August30）:——
\"ThedeathofErasmusisaveryheavylosstoallofus，forhehadamostaffectionatedisposition。Healwaysappearedtomethemostpleasantandclearestheadedman，whomIhaveeverknown。Londonwillseemastrangeplacetomewithouthispresence;Iamdeeplygladthathediedwithoutanygreatsuffering，afteraveryshortillnessfrommereweaknessandnotfromanydefinitedisease。（\"Hewasnot，Ithink，ahappyman，andformanyyearsdidnotvaluelife，thoughnevercomplaining。\"——FromalettertoSirThomasFarrer。）
\"Icannotquiteagreewithyouaboutthedeathoftheoldandyoung。Deathinthelattercase，whenthereisabrightfutureahead，causesgriefnevertobewhollyobliterated。\"
Anincidentofahappycharactermayalsobeselectedforespecialnotice，sinceitwasonewhichstronglymovedmyfather’ssympathy。Aletter（December17，1879）toSirJosephHookershowsthatthepossibilityofaGovernmentPensionbeingconferredonMr。Wallacefirstoccurredtomyfatheratthistime。Theideawastakenupbyothers，andmyfather’slettersshowthathefeltthemostlivelyinterestinthesuccessoftheplan。Hewrote，forinstance，toMrs。Fisher，\"IhardlyeverwishedforanythingmorethanIdoforthesuccessofourplan。\"Hewasdeeplypleasedwhenthisthoroughlydeservedhonourwasbestowedonhisfriend，andwrotetothesamecorrespondent（January7，1881），onreceivingaletterfromMr。Gladstoneannouncingthefact:\"HowextraordinarilykindofMr。Gladstonetofindtimetowriteunderthepresentcircumstances。
（Mr。Gladstonewastheninoffice，andthelettermusthavebeenwrittenwhenhewasoverwhelmedwithbusinessconnectedwiththeopeningofParliament（January6）。Goodheavens！howpleasedIam！\"
Theletterswhichfollowareofamiscellaneouscharacterandreferprincipallytothebooksheread，andtohisminorwritings。]
CHARLESDARWINTOMISSBUCKLEY（MRS。FISHER）。
Down，February11[1876]。
MydearMissBuckley，YoumustletmehavethepleasureofsayingthatIhavejustfinishedreadingwithverygreatinterestyournewbook。（’AShortHistoryofNaturalScience。’）Theideaseemstomeacapitalone，andasfarasIcanjudgeverywellcarriedout。Thereismuchfascinationintakingabird’seyeviewofallthegrandleadingstepsintheprogressofscience。AtfirstIregrettedthatyouhadnotkepteachsciencemoreseparate;butI
daresayyoufounditimpossible。Ihavehardlyanycriticisms，exceptthatIthinkyououghttohaveintroducedMurchisonasagreatclassifierofformations，secondonlytoW。Smith。Youhavedonefulljustice，andnotmorethanjustice，toourdearoldmaster，Lyell。Perhapsalittlemoreoughttohavebeensaidaboutbotany，andifyoushouldeveraddthis，youwouldfindSachs’’History，’latelypublished，verygoodforyourpurpose。
YouhavecrownedWallaceandmyselfwithmuchhonourandglory。Iheartilycongratulateyouonhavingproducedsonovelandinterestingawork，andremain，MydearMissBuckley，yoursveryfaithfully，CH。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOA。R。WALLACE。
[Hopedene]（Mr。HensleighWedgwood’shouseinSurrey。），June5，1876。
MydearWallace，Imusthavethepleasureofexpressingtoyoumyunboundedadmirationofyourbook（’GeographicalDistribution，’1876。），thoughIhavereadonlytopage184——myobjecthavingbeentodoaslittleaspossiblewhileresting。
IfeelsurethatyouhavelaidabroadandsafefoundationforallfutureworkonDistribution。Howinterestingitwillbetoseehereafterplantstreatedinstrictrelationtoyourviews;andthenallinsects，pulmonatemolluscsandfresh—waterfishes，ingreaterdetailthanIsupposeyouhavegiventotheseloweranimals。Thepointwhichhasinterestedmemost，butIdonotsaythemostvaluablepoint，isyourprotestagainstsinkingimaginarycontinentsinaquiterecklessmanner，aswasstatedbyForbes，followed，alas，byHooker，andcaricaturedbyWollastonand[Andrew]
Murray！Bytheway，themainimpressionthatthelatterauthorhasleftonmymindishisutterwantofallscientificjudgment。Ihaveliftedupmyvoiceagainsttheaboveviewwithnoavail，butIhavenodoubtthatyouwillsucceed，owingtoyournewargumentsandthecolouredchart。Ofaspecialvalue，asitseemstome，istheconclusionthatwemustdeterminetheareas，chieflybythenatureofthemammals。WhenIworkedmanyyearsagoonthissubject，IdoubtedmuchwhetherthenowcalledPalaearcticandNearcticregionsoughttobeseparated;andIdeterminedifImadeanotherregionthatitshouldbeMadagascar。Ihave，therefore，beenabletoappreciateyourevidenceonthesepoints。WhatprogressPalaeontologyhasmadeduringthelast20years;butifitadvancesatthesamerateinthefuture，ourviewsonthemigrationandbirth—placeofthevariousgroupswill，Ifear，begreatlyaltered。IcannotfeelquiteeasyabouttheGlacialperiod，andtheextinctionoflargemammals，butImusthopethatyouareright。Ithinkyouwillhavetomodifyyourbeliefaboutthedifficultyofdispersaloflandmolluscs;Iwasinterruptedwhenbeginningtoexperimentizeonthejusthatchedyoungadheringtothefeetofground—
roostingbirds。Idifferononeotherpoint，viz。inthebeliefthattheremusthaveexistedaTertiaryAntarcticcontinent，fromwhichvariousformsradiatedtothesouthernextremitiesofourpresentcontinents。ButI
couldgoonscribblingforever。Youhavewritten，asIbelieve，agrandandmemorableworkwhichwilllastforyearsasthefoundationforallfuturetreatisesonGeographicalDistribution。
MydearWallace，yoursverysincerely，CHARLESDARWIN。
P。S。——Youhavepaidmethehighestconceivablecompliment，bywhatyousayofyourworkinrelationtomychaptersondistributioninthe’Origin，’
andIheartilythankyouforit。
[Thefollowinglettersillustratemyfather’spoweroftakingavividinterestinworkbearingonEvolution，butunconnectedwithhisownspecialresearchesatthetime。ThebooksreferredtointhefirstletterareProfessorWeismann’s’StudienzurDescendenzlehre’（MyfathercontributedaprefatorynotetoMr。Meldola’stranslationofProf。Weismann’s’Studien，’
1880—81。），beingpartoftheseriesofessaysbywhichtheauthorhasdonesuchadmirableservicetothecauseofevolution:]
CHARLESDARWINTOAUGUSTWEISMANN。
January12，1877……IreadGermansoslowly，andhavehadlatelytoreadseveralotherpapers，sothatIhaveasyetfinishedonlyhalfofyourfirstessayandtwo—thirdsofyoursecond。Theyhaveexcitedmyinterestandadmirationinthehighestdegree，andwhicheverIthinkoflast，seemstomethemostvaluable。Ineverexpectedtoseethecolouredmarksoncaterpillarssowellexplained;andthecaseoftheocellidelightsmeespecially……Thereisoneothersubjectwhichhasalwaysseemedtomemoredifficulttoexplainthaneventhecoloursofcaterpillars，andthatisthecolourofbirds’eggs，andIwishyouwouldtakethisup。
CHARLESDARWINTOMELCHIORNEUMAYR（ProfessorofPalaeontologyatVienna。），VIENNA。
Down，Beckenham，Kent，March9，1877。
DearSir，Fromhavingbeenobligedtoreadotherbooks，Ifinishedonlyyesterdayyouressayon’DieCongerien，’etc。（’DieCongerienundPaludinenschichtenSlavoneins。’4to，1875。）
IhopethatyouwillallowmetoexpressmygratitudeforthepleasureandinstructionwhichIhavederivedfromreadingit。Itseemstometobeanadmirablework;andisbyfarthebestcasewhichIhaveevermetwith，showingthedirectinfluenceoftheconditionsoflifeontheorganization。
Mr。Hyatt，whohasbeenstudyingtheHilgendorfcase，writestomewithrespecttotheconclusionsatwhichhehasarrived，andthesearenearlythesameasyours。Heinsiststhatcloselysimilarformsmaybederivedfromdistinctlinesofdescent;andthisiswhatIformerlycalledanalogicalvariation。Therecannowbenodoubtthatspeciesmaybecomegreatlymodifiedthroughthedirectactionoftheenvironment。Ihavesomeexcusefornothavingformerlyinsistedmorestronglyonthisheadinmy’OriginofSpecies，’asmostofthebestfactshavebeenobservedsinceitspublication。
Withmyrenewedthanksforyourmostinterestingessay，andwiththehighestrespect，Iremain，dearSir，Yoursveryfaithfully，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOE。S。MORSE。
Down，April23，1877。
MydearSir，YoumustallowmejusttotellyouhowverymuchIhavebeeninterestedwiththeexcellentAddress（\"WhatAmericanZoologistshavedoneforEvolution，\"anAddresstotheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience，August，1876。Volumexxv。oftheProceedingsoftheAssociation。）
whichyouhavebeensokindastosendme，andwhichIhadmuchwishedtoread。IbelievethatIhadreadall，orverynearlyall，thepapersbyyourcountrymentowhichyourefer，butIhavebeenfairlyastonishedattheirnumberandimportancewhenseeingthemthusputtogether。IquiteagreeaboutthehighvalueofMr。Allen’sworks（Mr。J。A。Allenshowstheexistenceofgeographicalracesofbirdsandmammals。Proc。BostonSoc。
Nat。Hist。volumexv。），asshowinghowmuchchangemaybeexpectedapparentlythroughthedirectactionoftheconditionsoflife。AsforthefossilremainsintheWest，nowordswillexpresshowwonderfultheyare。
ThereisonepointwhichIregretthatyoudidnotmakeclearinyourAddress，namelywhatisthemeaningandimportanceofProfessorsCopeandHyatt’sviewsonaccelerationandretardation。Ihaveendeavoured，andgivenupindespair，theattempttograsptheirmeaning。
PermitmetothankyoucordiallyforthekindfeelingshowntowardsmethroughyourAddress，andIremain，mydearSir，Yoursfaithfully，CH。DARWIN。
[Thenextletterreferstohis’BiographicalSketchofanInfant，’writtenfromnotesmade37yearspreviously，andpublishedin’Mind，’July，1877。
Thearticleattractedagooddealofattention，andwastranslatedatthetimein’Kosmos，’andthe’RevueScientifique，’andhasbeenrecentlypublishedinDr。Krause’s’GesammeltekleinereSchrifteNvonCharlesDarwin，’1887:]
CHARLESDARWINTOG。CROOMROBERTSON。（Theeditorof’Mind。’）
Down，April27，1877。
DearSir，IhopethatyouwillbesogoodastotakethetroubletoreadtheenclosedMS。，andifyouthinkitfitforpublicationinyouradmirablejournalof’Mind，’Ishallbegratified。Ifyoudonotthinkitfit，asisverylikely，willyoupleasetoreturnittome。Ihopethatyouwillreaditinanextracriticalspirit，asIcannotjudgewhetheritisworthpublishingfromhavingbeensomuchinterestedinwatchingthedawnoftheseveralfacultiesinmyowninfant。ImayaddthatIshouldneverhavethoughtofsendingyoutheMS。，hadnotM。Taine’sarticleappearedinyourJournal。（1877，page252。Theoriginalappearedinthe’RevuePhilosophique’1876。）IfmyMS。isprinted，IthinkthatIhadbetterseeaproof。
Iremain，dearSir，Yoursfaithfully，CH。DARWIN。
[Thetwofollowingextractsshowthelivelyinteresthepreservedindiversefieldsofenquiry。ProfessorCohnofBreslauhadmentioned，inaletter，Koch’sresearchesonSplenicFever，myfatherreplied，January3:——
\"Iwellremembersayingtomyself，betweentwentyandthirtyyearsago，thatifevertheoriginofanyinfectiousdiseasecouldbeproved，itwouldbethegreatesttriumphtoscience;andnowIrejoicetohaveseenthetriumph。\"
InthespringhereceivedacopyofDr。E。vonMojsisovics’’DolomitRiffe，’hislettertotheauthor（June1，1878）isinterestingasbearingontheinfluenceofhisownworkonthemethodsofgeology。
\"Ihaveatlastfoundtimetoreadthefirstchapterofyour’DolomitRiffe，’andhavebeenEXCEEDINGLYinterestedbyit。WhatawonderfulchangeinthefutureofGeologicalchronologyyouindicate，byassumingthedescenttheorytobeestablished，andthentakingthegraduatedchangesofthesamegroupoforganismsasthetruestandard！Ineverhopedtolivetoseesuchastepevenproposedbyanyone。\"
Anothergeologicalresearchwhichrousedmyfather’sadmirationwasMr。D。
Mackintosh’sworkonerraticblocks。Apartfromitsintrinsicmerittheworkkeenlyexcitedhissympathyfromtheconditionsunderwhichitwasexecuted，Mr。Mackintoshbeingcompelledtogivenearlyhiswholetimetotuition。ThefollowingpassageisfromalettertoMr。MackintoshofOctober9，1879，andreferstohispaperintheJournaloftheGeologicalSociety，1878:——
\"IhopethatyouwillallowmetohavethepleasureofthankingyoufortheverygreatpleasurewhichIhavederivedfromjustreadingyourpaperonerraticblocks。Themapiswonderful，andwhatlaboureachofthoselinesshow！Ihavethoughtforsomeyearsthattheagencyoffloatingice，whichnearlyhalfacenturyagowasoverrated，hasoflatebeenunderrated。Youarethesolemanwhohasevernoticedthedistinctionsuggestedbyme（Inhispaperonthe’AncientGlaciersofCarnarvonshire，’Phil。Mag。xxi。
1842。）betweenflatorplanedscoredrocks，andmammillatedscoredrocks。\"]
CHARLESDARWINTOC。RIDLEY。
Down，November28，1878。
DearSir，IjustskimmedthroughDr。Pusey’ssermon，aspublishedinthe\"Guardian\"，butitdid[not]seemtomeworthyofanyattention。AsIhaveneveransweredcriticismsexceptingthosemadebyscientificmen，Iamnotwillingthatthislettershouldbepublished;butIhavenoobjectiontoyoursayingthatyousentmethethreequestions，andthatIansweredthatDr。PuseywasmistakeninimaginingthatIwrotethe’Origin’withanyrelationwhatevertoTheology。Ishouldhavethoughtthatthiswouldhavebeenevidenttoanyonewhohadtakenthetroubletoreadthebook，moreespeciallyasintheopeninglinesoftheintroductionIspecifyhowthesubjectaroseinmymind。Thisanswerdisposesofyourtwootherquestions;butImayaddthatmanyyearsago，whenIwascollectingfactsforthe’Origin，’mybeliefinwhatiscalledapersonalGodwasasfirmasthatofDr。Puseyhimself，andastotheeternityofmatterIhavenevertroubledmyselfaboutsuchinsolublequestions。Dr。Pusey’sattackwillbeaspowerlesstoretardbyadaythebeliefinEvolution，aswerethevirulentattacksmadebydivinesfiftyyearsagoagainstGeology，andthestillolderonesoftheCatholicChurchagainstGalileo，forthepubliciswiseenoughalwaystofollowScientificmenwhentheyagreeonanysubject;
andnowthereisalmostcompleteunanimityamongstBiologistsaboutEvolution，thoughthereisstillconsiderabledifferenceastothemeans，suchashowfarnaturalselectionhasacted，andhowfarexternalconditions，orwhetherthereexistssomemysteriousinnatetendencytoperfectability。Iremain，dearSir，Yoursfaithfully，CH。DARWIN。
[Theologianswerenottheonlyadversariesoffreedominscience。OnSeptember22，1877，Prof。VirchowdeliveredanaddressattheMunichmeetingofGermanNaturalistsandPhysicians，whichhadtheeffectofconnectingSocialismwiththeDescenttheory。Thispointofviewwastakenupbyanti—evolutioniststosuchanextentthat，accordingtoHaeckel，the\"KreuzZeitung\"threw\"alltheblameof\"the\"treasonableattemptsofthedemocratsHodelandNobiling……directlyonthetheoryofDescent。\"Prof。
Haeckelrepliedwithvigourandabilityinhis’FreedominScienceandTeaching’（EnglishTranslation1879），anessaywhichmusthavethesympathyofallloversoffreedom。
Thefollowingpassagefromaletter（December26，1879）toDr。Scherzer，theauthorofthe’Voyageofthe\"Novara\"，’givesahintofmyfather’sviewsonthisonceburningquestion:——
\"WhatafoolishideaseemstoprevailinGermanyontheconnectionbetweenSocialismandEvolutionthroughNaturalSelection。\"]
CHARLESDARWINTOH。N。MOSELEY。（ProfessorofZoologyatOxford。ThebookalludedtoisProf。Moseley’s’NotesbyaNaturalistonthe\"Challenger\"。’）
Down，January20，1879。
DearMoseley，Ihavejustreceivedyourbook，andIdeclarethatneverinmylifehaveI
seenadedicationwhichIadmiredsomuch。（\"ToCharlesDarwin，Esquire，LL。D。，F。R。S。，etc。，fromthestudyofwhose’JournalofResearches’I
mainlyderivedmydesiretotravelroundtheworld;tothedevelopmentofwhosetheoryIowetheprincipalpleasuresandinterestsofmylife，andwhohaspersonallygivenmemuchkindlyencouragementintheprosecutionofmystudies，thisbookis，bypermission，gratefullydedicated。\"）OfcourseIamnotafairjudge，butIhopethatIspeakdispassionately，thoughyouhavetouchedmeinmyverytenderestpoint，bysayingthatmyoldJournalmainlygaveyouthewishtotravelasaNaturalist。Ishallbegintoreadyourbookthisveryevening，andamsurethatIshallenjoyitmuch。
Yoursverysincerely，CH。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOH。N。MOSELEY。
Down，February4，1879。
DearMoseley，Ihaveatlastreadeverywordofyourbook，andithasexcitedinmegreaterinterestthananyotherscientificbookwhichIhavereadforalongtime。YouwillperhapsbesurprisedhowslowIhavebeen，butmyheadpreventsmereadingexceptatintervals。IfIwereaskedwhichpartshaveinterestedmemost，Ishouldbesomewhatpuzzledtoanswer。IfancythatthegeneralreaderwouldpreferyouraccountofJapan。FormyselfI
hesitatebetweenyourdiscussionsanddescriptionoftheSouthernice，whichseemstomeadmirable，andthelastchapterwhichcontainedmanyfactsandviewsnewtome，thoughIhadreadyourpapersonthestonyHydroidCorals，yetyourresumemademerealisebetterthanIhaddonebefore，whatamostcuriouscaseitis。
Youhavealsocollectedasurprisingnumberofvaluablefactsbearingonthedispersalofplants，farmorethaninanyotherbookknowntome。Infactyourvolumeisamassofinterestingfactsanddiscussions，withhardlyasuperfluousword;andIheartilycongratulateyouonitspublication。
Yourdedicationmakesmeprouderthanever。
Believeme，yourssincerely，CH。DARWIN。
[InNovember，1879，heansweredforMr。Galtonaseriesofquestionsutilisedinhis’InquiriesintoHumanFaculty，’1883。HewrotetoMr。
Galton:——
\"IhaveansweredthequestionsaswellasIcould，buttheyaremiserablyanswered，forIhavenevertriedlookingintomyownmind。UnlessothersanswerverymuchbetterthanIcando，youwillgetnogoodfromyourqueries。Doyounotthinkyououghttohavetheageoftheanswerer？I
thinkso，becauseIcancallupfacesofmanyschoolboys，notseenforsixtyyears，withMUCHDISTINCTNESS，butnowadaysImaytalkwithamanforanhour，andseehimseveraltimesconsecutively，and，afteramonth，Iamutterlyunabletorecollectwhatheisatalllike。Thepictureisquitewashedout。Thegreaternumberoftheanswersaregivenintheannexedtable。\"]
QUESTIONSONTHEFACULTYOFVISUALISING。
1。ILLUMINATION？Moderate，butmysolitarybreakfastwasearly，andthemorningdark。
2。DEFINITION？Someobjectsquitedefined，asliceofcoldbeef，somegrapesandapear，thestateofmyplatewhenIhadfinished，andafewotherobjects，areasdistinctasifIhadphoto’sbeforeme。
3。COMPLETENESS？Verymoderatelyso。
4。COLOURING？Theobjectsabovenamedperfectlycoloured。
5。EXTENTOFFIELDOFVIEW？Rathersmall。
DIFFERENTKINDSOFIMAGERY。
6。PRINTEDPAGES。Icannotrememberasinglesentence，butIremembertheplaceofthesentenceandthekindoftype。
7。FURNITURE？Ihaveneverattendedtoit。
8。PERSONS？Irememberthefacesofpersonsformerlywell—knownvividly，andcanmakethemdoanythingIlike。
9。SCENERY？Remembrancevividanddistinct，andgivesmepleasure。
10。GEOGRAPHY？No。
11。MILITARYMOVEMENTS？No。
12。MECHANISM？Nevertried。
13。GEOMETRY？IdonotthinkIhaveanypowerofthekind。
14。NUMERALS？WhenIthinkofanynumber，printedfiguresarisebeforemymind。Ican’trememberforanhourfourconsecutivefigures。
15。CARDPLAYING？Havenotplayedformanyyears，butIamsureshouldnotremember。
16。CHESS？Neverplayed。
[In1880hepublishedashortpaperin’Nature’（volumexxi。page207）onthe\"FertilityofHybridsfromthecommonandChinesegoose。\"HereceivedthehybridsfromtheRev。Dr。Goodacre，andwasgladoftheopportunityoftestingtheaccuracyofthestatementthatthesespeciesarefertileinterse。Thisfact，whichwasgiveninthe’Origin’ontheauthorityofMr。
Eyton，heconsideredthemostremarkableasyetrecordedwithrespecttothefertilityofhybrids。Thefact（asconfirmedbyhimselfandDr。
Goodacre）isofinterestasgivinganotherproofthatsterilityisnocriterionofspecificdifference，sincethetwospeciesofgoosenowshowntobefertileintersearesodistinctthattheyhavebeenplacedbysomeauthoritiesindistinctgeneraorsub—genera。
ThefollowingletterreferstoMr。Huxley’slecture:\"TheComingofAgeoftheOriginofSpecies\"（Thissame\"ComingofAge\"wasthesubjectofanaddressfromtheCounciloftheOtagoInstitute。Itisgivenin’Nature，’
February24，1881。），givenattheRoyalInstitution，April9，1880，publishedin’Nature，’andin’ScienceandCulture，’page310:]
CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
AbingerHall，Dorking，Sunday，April11，1880。
MydearHuxley，IwishedmuchtoattendyourLecture，butIhavehadabadcough，andwehavecomeheretoseewhetherachangewoulddomegood，asithasdone。
Whatamagnificentsuccessyourlectureseemstohavebeen，asIjudgefromthereportsinthe\"Standard\"and\"DailyNews\"，andmoreespeciallyfromtheaccountsgivenmebythreeofmychildren。Isupposethatyouhavenotwrittenoutyourlecture，soIfearthereisnochanceofitsbeingprintedinextenso。Youappeartohavepiled，asonsomanyotheroccasions，honourshighandthickonmyoldhead。ButIwellknowhowgreatapartyouhaveplayedinestablishingandspreadingthebeliefinthedescent—
theory，eversincethatgrandreviewinthe\"Times\"andthebattleroyalatOxforduptothepresentday。
EvermydearHuxley，Yourssincerelyandgratefully，CHARLESDARWIN。
P。S。——Itwasabsurdlystupidinme，butIhadreadtheannouncementofyourLecture，andthoughtthatyoumeantthematurityofthesubject，untilmywifeonedayremarked，\"itisalmosttwenty—oneyearssincethe’Origin’
appeared，\"andthenforthefirsttimethemeaningofyourwordsflashedonme！
[Intheabove—mentionedlectureMr。Huxleymadeastrongpointoftheaccumulationofpalaeontologicalevidencewhichtheyearsbetween1859and1880havegivenusinfavourofEvolution。Onthissubjectmyfatherwrote（August31，1880）:]
MydearProfessorMarsh，IreceivedsometimeagoyourverykindnoteofJuly28th，andyesterdaythemagnificentvolume。（Odontornithes。AMonographontheextinctToothedBirdsofNorthAmerica。1880。ByO。C。Marsh。）Ihavelookedwithrenewedadmirationattheplates，andwillsoonreadthetext。Yourworkontheseoldbirds，andonthemanyfossilanimalsofNorthAmericahasaffordedthebestsupporttothetheoryofEvolution，whichhasappearedwithinthelasttwentyyears。（Mr。Huxleyhaswellpointedout（’ScienceandCulture，’page317）that:\"In1875，thediscoveryofthetoothedbirdsofthecretaceousformationinNorthAmerica，byProf。Marsh，completedtheseriesoftransitionalformsbetweenbirdsandreptiles，andremovedMr。
Darwin’spropositionthat，’manyanimalformsoflifehavebeenutterlylost，throughwhichtheearlyprogenitorsofbirdswereformerlyconnectedwiththeearlyprogenitorsoftheothervertebrateclasses，’fromtheregionofhypothesistothatofdemonstrablefact。\"）Thegeneralappearanceofthecopywhichyouhavesentmeisworthyofitscontents，andIcansaynothingstrongerthanthis。
Withcordialthanks，believeme，Yoursverysincerely，CHARLESDARWIN。