ENGLISH TRAITS

第5章

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第5章

ENGLISH TRAITS Ralph Waldo Emerson

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ENGLISH TRAITS
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  YettherewereotherworksforBritishdukestodo。GeorgeLoudon,Quintinye,Evelyn,hadtaughtthemtomakegardens。ArthurYoung,Bakewell,andMechi,havemadethemagricultural。ScotlandwasacampuntilthedayofCulloden。TheDukesofAthol,Sutherland,Buccleugh,andtheMarquisofBreadalbanehaveintroducedtherape—culture,thesheep—farm,wheat,drainage,theplantationofforests,theartificialreplenishmentoflakesandpondswithfish,therentingofgame—preserves。Againstthecryoftheoldtenantry,andthesympatheticcryoftheEnglishpress,theyhaverootedoutandplantedanew,andnowsixmillionsofpeoplelive,andlivebetteronthesamelandthatfedthreemillions。

  TheEnglishbarons,ineveryperiod,havebeenbraveandgreat,aftertheestimateandopinionoftheirtimes。ThegrandoldhallsscatteredupanddowninEngland,aredumbvoucherstothestateandbroadhospitalityoftheirancientlords。Shakspeare’sportraitsofgooddukeHumphrey,ofWarwick,ofNorthumberland,ofTalbot,weredrawninstrictconsonancewiththetraditions。AsketchoftheEarlofShrewsbury,fromthepenofQueenElizabeth’sarchbishopParker;

  (*3)LordHerbertofCherbury’sautobiography;thelettersandessaysofSirPhilipSidney;theanecdotespreservedbytheantiquariesFullerandCollins;someglimpsesattheinteriorsofnoblehouses,whichweowetoPepysandEvelyn;thedetailswhichBenJonson’smasques(performedatKenilworth,Althorpe,Belvoir,andothernoblehouses,)recordorsuggest;downtoAubrey’spassagesofthelifeofHobbesinthehouseoftheEarlofDevon,arefavorablepicturesofaromanticstyleofmanners。Penshurststillshinesforus,anditsChristmasrevels,\"wherelogsnotburn,butmen。\"AtWiltonHouse,the\"Arcadia\"waswritten,amidstconversationswithFulkeGreville,LordBrooke,amanofnovulgarmind,ashisownpoemsdeclarehim。ImustholdLudlowCastleanhonesthouse,forwhichMilton’s\"Comus\"waswritten,andthecompanynoblybredwhichperformeditwithknowledgeandsympathy。Intherollofnobles,arefoundpoets,philosophers,chemists,astronomers,alsomenofsolidvirtuesandofloftysentiments;oftentheyhavebeenthefriendsandpatronsofgeniusandlearning,andespeciallyofthefinearts;andatthismoment,almosteverygreathousehasitssumptuouspicture—gallery。

  (*3)Dibdin’sLiteraryReminiscences,vol。1,xii。

  Ofcourse,thereisanothersidetothisgorgeousshow。Everyvictorywasthedefectofapartyonlylessworthy。Castlesareproudthings,but’tissafesttobeoutsideofthem。Warisafoulgame,andyetwarisnottheworstpartofaristocratichistory。Inlatertimes,whenthebaron,educatedonlyforwar,withhisbrainsparalyzedbyhisstomach,foundhimselfidleathome,hegrewfatandwanton,andasorrybrute。Grammont,Pepys,andEvelyn,showthekennelstowhichthekingandcourtwentinquestofpleasure。

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