ENGLISH TRAITS

第3章

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第3章

ENGLISH TRAITS Ralph Waldo Emerson

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ENGLISH TRAITS
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  ChatMossandthefensofLincolnshireandCambridgeshireareunhealthyandtoobarrentopayrent。Bycylindricaltiles,andguttaperchatubes,fivemillionsofacresofbadlandhavebeendrainedandputonequalitywiththebest,forrape—cultureandgrass。Theclimatetoo,whichwasalreadybelievedtohavebecomemilderanddrierbytheenormousconsumptionofcoal,issofarreachedbythisnewaction,thatfogsandstormsaresaidtodisappear。Induecourse,allEnglandwillbedrained,andriseasecondtimeoutofthewaters。Thelateststepwastocallintheaidofsteamtoagriculture。SteamisalmostanEnglishman。IdonotknowbuttheywillsendhimtoParliament,next,tomakelaws。

  Heweaves,forges,saws,pounds,fans,andnowhemustpump,grind,dig,andploughforthefarmer。Themarketscreatedbythemanufacturingpopulationhaveerectedagricultureintoagreatthrivingandspendingindustry。ThevalueofthehousesinBritainisequaltothevalueofthesoil。Artificialaidsofallkindsarecheaperthanthenaturalresources。Nomancanaffordtowalk,whentheparliamentary—traincarrieshimforapennyamile。Gas—burnersarecheaperthandaylightinnumberlessfloorsinthecities。AllthehousesinLondonbuytheirwater。TheEnglishtradedoesnotexistfortheexportationofnativeproducts,butonitsmanufactures,orthemakingwelleverythingwhichisillmadeelsewhere。TheymakeponchosfortheMexican,bandannasfortheHindoo,ginsengfortheChinese,beadsfortheIndian,lacesfortheFlemings,telescopesforastronomers,cannonsforkings。

  TheBoardofTradecausedthebestmodelsofGreeceandItalytobeplacedwithinthereachofeverymanufacturingpopulation。

  Theycausedtobetranslatedfromforeignlanguagesandillustratedbyelaboratedrawings,themostapprovedworksofMunich,Berlin,andParis。TheyhaveransackedItalytofindnewforms,toaddagracetotheproductsoftheirlooms,theirpotteries,andtheirfoundries。

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