Cratylus

第3章

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第3章

Cratylus Plato

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Cratylus
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  Itmayhavebeenslowerwithsome,quickerwithothers。Sometribesmayhaveusedshorter,otherslongerwordsorcries:theymayhavebeenmoreorlessinclinedtoagglutinateortodecomposethem:theymayhavemodifiedthembytheuseofprefixes,suffixes,infixes;bythelengtheningandstrengtheningofvowelsorbytheshorteningandweakeningofthem,bythecondensationorrarefactionofconsonants。Butwhogavetolanguagetheseprimevallaws;orwhyoneracehastriliteral,anotherbiliteralroots;orwhyinsomemembersofagroupoflanguagesbbecomesp,ord,t,orch,k;orwhytwolanguagesresembleoneanotherincertainpartsoftheirstructureanddifferinothers;orwhyinonelanguagethereisagreaterdevelopmentofvowels,inanotherofconsonants,andthelike——arequestionsofwhichweonly’entertainconjecture。’Wemustrememberthelengthoftimethathaselapsedsincemanfirstwalkedupontheearth,andthatinthisvastbutunknownperiodeveryvarietyoflanguagemayhavebeeninprocessofformationanddecay,manytimesover。

  (ComparePlato,Laws):——

  ’ATHENIANSTRANGER:Andwhatthenistoberegardedastheoriginofgovernment?Willnotamanbeabletojudgebestfromapointofviewinwhichhemaybeholdtheprogressofstatesandtheirtransitionstogoodandevil?

  CLEINIAS:Whatdoyoumean?

  ATHENIANSTRANGER:Imeanthathemightwatchthemfromthepointofviewoftime,andobservethechangeswhichtakeplaceinthemduringinfiniteages。

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