John Stuart Mill

第59章

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第59章

John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen

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John Stuart Mill
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  believeintheexistenceofCalcutta,ImeanthatIbelievethatifIweretransportedtothebanksoftheHoogly,IshouldhavethesensationsfromwhichCalcuttaisinferrible。72*Inotherwords,inmakingastatementabouttheexternalworld,I

  constructahypotheticalanduniversalconsciousness。WhenI

  exchangethegeocentricfortheheliocentricview,IamimaginingwhatIshouldseeifIwereuponthesuninsteadoftheearth。

  Insteadofregardingmyownseriesofsensationsasthebasefromwhichtomeasure,Iregardthemasdeduciblefromtheserieswhichwouldbepresentedtoadifferentand,ofcourse,incomparablymoreextendedconsciousness。Icanthusfillupthegapsinmyownexperienceandgetaregularseriesinsteadofonefullofbreachesandinterruptions。ThatIdothissomehoworotherisMill’sview,andIshouldadmitwithhimthatIdonomore。But,then,thequestionremainswhetherMillcanaccountformydoingeventhis。Itsupposes,atleast,apowerofformingwhatCliffordcalled’ejects,’asdistinguishedfrom’objects。’I

  mustbeabletothinknotofthingsoutsideconsciousnessbutofmyownconsciousnessunderotherconditions,andofothercentresofconsciousnessthanmine。Butthisabilityisnotexplicablefromsensations,asultimateatoms,combinedinvariouswaysby’association’;forthatprocess,itwouldseem,mighttakeplacewithoutinanywaysuggestinganexternalworldoradifferentconsciousness。HereMill,likehisfather,istryingtoexplainthoughtsbydealingwithsensationsasthingsandrefusingtoadmitanyactionofthemindinordertokeeptotheunsophisticatedfacts。Hewillnotallowthemindtohaveevenanorganisingpower,eventhoughitbeapowerwhichcannotbeseparatelyrevealedorgiverisetoindependenttruths,butappearssimplyasimpliedinitsproducts。Themindistheclusterofatomicsensations。Itmustnottamperwiththefactsinanyway,onpenaltyofcausingillusion。Icanonlyassociatesimpleatoms,andtheworldremainsachaosofindependentandincoherentfragments。Theysticktogethersomehow,butthedivisionintotheexternalandtheinternalworldstillremainsanunsolvedproblem。The’attribute’willnotdistinguishitselffromthe’sensation。’Wearestillunable,thatis,toexplainthemetaphysicalpuzzleleftunsolvedintheLogic。

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