第2章

　　Thechiefalterationsinthisfourtheditionarethefollowing1IhaveexpandedthediscussiononFreeWillinBooki。chap。

　　v。&sect；3，tomeetthecriticismsofMr。Fowler，inhisPrinciplesofMorals，andDr。Martineau，inhisTypesofEthicalTheory。

　　Inconsequenceofthepublicationofthelast-mentionedwork，Ihaverewrittenpartofchap。xii。ofBookiii。，whichdealswiththeEthicalviewmaintainedbyDr。Martineau。3IhaveexpandedtheargumentinBookiii。chap。xiv。，tomeetobjectionsablyurgedbyMr。RashdallinMindApril1885。41havesomewhatalteredtheconcludingchapter，inconsequenceofanimportantcriticismbyProf。v。GizyckiVierteljahrsschriftf&uuml；rWissenschaftlichePhilosophie，Jahr，。iv。Hefti。whichIhadinadvertentlyoverlookedinpreparingthethirdedition。Severalpagesofnewmatterhavethusbeenintroduced:forwhich——Iamgladtosay——Ihavemaderoombyshorteningwhatseemedprolix，omittingwhatseemedsuperfluous，andrelegatingdigressionstonotes，inotherpartsofthework:sothatthebulkofthewholeisnotincreased。

　　FortheindexwhichformsanewfeatureinthepresenteditionIamindebtedtothekindnessofMissJonesofGirtonCollege，theauthorofElementsofLogicasaScienceofPropositions。

　　SuchcriticismsofmyEthicalopinionsandreasoningsashavecomeundermynotice，sincethepublicationofthefourtheditionofthistreatise，havechieflyrelatedtomytreatmentofthequestionofFreeWillinBooki。chap。v。，ortothehedonisticviewofUltimateGood，maintainedinBookiii。chap。iv。Ihaveaccordinglyrewrittencertainpartsofthesetwochapters，inthehopeofmakingmyargumentsmoreclearandconvincing:ineachcaseaslightchangeinviewwillbeapparenttoacarefulreaderwhocomparesthepresentwiththeprecedingedition:butinneithercasedoesthechangeaffectthemainsubstanceoftheargument。