Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions

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第79章

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions Mackay, Charles

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Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions
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  “Fromtheseconsiderations,Sire,andintheexecutionofsoholyanordinance,yourparliaments,bytheirdecrees,proportiontheirpunishmentstotheguiltoftheoffenders:andyourParliamentofNormandyhasnever,untilthepresenttime,foundthatitspracticewasdifferentfromthatofothercourts;forallthebookswhichtreatuponthismatterciteaninfinitenumberofdecreescondemningwitchestobeburnt,orbrokenonthewheel,ortootherpunishments。Thefollowingareexamples:——InthetimeofChilperic,asmaybeseeninGregoryofTours,b。vi,c。35ofhisHistoryofFrance:allthedecreesoftheParliamentofParispassedaccordingto,andinconformitywith,thisancientjurisprudenceofthekingdom,citedbyImbert,inhis“JudicialPractice;“allthosecitedbyMonstrelet,in1459,againstthewitchesofArtois;thedecreesofthesameParliament,ofthel3thofOctober1573,againstMaryLeFief,nativeofSaumur;ofthe21stofOctober1596,againsttheSieurdeBeaumont,whopleaded,inhisdefence,thathehadonlysoughttheaidofthedevilforthepurposeofunbewitchingtheafflictedandofcuringdiseases;ofthe4thofJuly1606,againstFrancisduBose;ofthe20thofJuly1582,againstAbeldelaRue,nativeofCoulommiers;ofthe2ndofOctober1593,againstRousseauandhisdaughter;of1608,againstanotherRousseauandonePeley,forwitchcraftandadorationofthedevilattheSabbath,underthefigureofahe-goat,asconfessedbythem;thedecreeof4thofFebruary1615,againstLeclerc,whoappealedfromthesentenceoftheParliamentofOrleans,andwhowascondemnedforhavingattendedtheSabbath,andconfessed,aswellastwoofhisaccomplices,whodiedinprison,thathehadadoredthedevil,renouncedhisbaptismandhisfaithinGod,dancedthewitches’dance,andofferedupunholysacrifices;thedecreesofthe6thofMay1616,againstamannamedLeger,onasimilaraccusation;thepardongrantedbyCharlesIXtoTroisEchelles,uponconditionofrevealinghisaccomplices,butafterwardsrevokedforrenewedsorceryonhispart;thedecreeoftheParliamentofParis,citedbyMornacin1595;thejudgmentspassedinconsequenceofthecommissiongivenbyHenryIVtotheSieurdeLancre,councilloroftheParliamentofBourdeaux;ofthe20thofMarch1619,againstEtienneAudibert;thosepassedbytheChamberofNerac,onthe26thofJune1620,againstseveralwitches;thosepassedbytheParliamentofToulousein1577,ascitedbyGregoryTolosanus,againstfourhundredpersonsaccusedofthiscrime,andwhowereallmarkedwiththesignofthedevil。Besidesallthese,wemightrecalltoyourMajesty’srecollectionthevariousdecreesoftheParliamentofProvence,especiallyinthecaseofGaufredyin1611;thedecreesoftheParliamentofDijon,andthoseoftheParliamentofRennes,followingtheexampleofthecondemnationoftheMarshaldeRays,whowasburnedin1441,forthecrimeofwitchcraft,inpresenceoftheDukeofBrittany;——alltheseexamples,Sire,provethattheaccusationofwitchcrafthasalwaysbeenpunishedwithdeathbytheParliamentsofyourkingdom,andjustifytheuniformityoftheirpractice。

  “These,Sire,arethemotivesuponwhichyourParliamentofNormandyhasactedindecreeingthepunishmentofdeathagainstthepersonslatelybroughtbeforeitforthiscrime。Ifithashappenedthat,onanyoccasion,theseparliaments,andtheParliamentofNormandyamongtherest,havecondemnedtheguiltytoalesspunishmentthanthatofdeath,itwasforthereasonthattheirguiltwasnotofthedeepestdye;yourMajesty,andtheKingsyourpredecessors,havingleftfulllibertytothevarioustribunalstowhomtheydelegatedtheadministrationofjustice,todecreesuchpunishmentaswaswarrantedbytheevidencebroughtbeforethem。

  “Aftersomanyauthorities,andpunishmentsordainedbyhumananddivinelaws,wehumblysupplicateyourMajestytoreflectoncemoreupontheextraordinaryresultswhichproceedfromthemalevolenceofthissortofpeople——onthedeathsfromunknowndiseases,whichareoftentheconsequencesoftheirmenaces——onthelossofthegoodsandchattelsofyoursubjects——ontheproofsofguiltcontinuallyaffordedbytheinsensibilityofthemarksupontheaccused——onthesuddentransportationofbodiesfromoneplacetoanother——onthesacrificesandnocturnalassemblies,andotherfacts,corroboratedbythetestimonyofancientandmodernauthors,andverifiedbysomanyeye-witnesses,composedpartlyofaccomplices,andpartlyofpeoplewhohadnointerestinthetrialsbeyondtheloveoftruth,andconfirmed,moreover,bytheconfessionsoftheaccusedpartiesthemselves;andthat,Sire,withsomuchagreementandconformitybetweenthedifferentcases,thatthemostignorantpersonsconvictedofthiscrimehavespokentothesamecircumstances,andinnearlythesamewords,asthemostcelebratedauthorswhohavewrittenaboutit,allofwhichmaybeeasilyprovedtoyourMajesty’ssatisfactionbytherecordsofvarioustrialsbeforeyourparliaments。

  “These,Sire,aretruthssointimatelyboundupwiththeprinciplesofourreligion,that,extraordinaryalthoughtheybe,nopersonhasbeenabletothistimetocalltheminquestion。Ifsomehavecited,inoppositiontothesetruths,thepretendedcanonoftheCouncilofAncyre,andapassagefromSt。Augustin,inatreatiseuponthe’SpiritandtheSoul’,ithasbeenwithoutfoundation;anditwouldbeeasytoconvinceyourMajestythatneithertheonenortheotheroughttobeaccountedofanyauthority;and,besidesthat,thecanon,inthissense,wouldbecontrarytotheopinionofallsucceedingcouncilsofthechurch,CardinalBaronius,andalllearnedcommentators,agreethatitisnottobefoundinanyoldedition。Ineffect,inthoseeditionswhereinitisfound,itisinanotherlanguage,andisindirectcontradictiontothetwenty-thirdcanonofthesamecouncil,whichcondemnssorcery,accordingtoallprecedingconstitutions。EvensupposingthatthiscanonwasreallypromulgatedbytheCouncilofAncyre,wemustobservethatitwasissuedinthesecondcentury,whentheprincipalattentionoftheChurchwasdirectedtothedestructionofpaganism。Forthisreason,itcondemnsthatclassofwomenwhosaidtheycouldpassthroughtheair,andoverimmenseregions,withDianaandHerodias,andenjoinsallpreacherstoteachthefalsehoodofsuchanopinion,inordertodeterpeoplefromtheworshipofthesefalsedivinities;butitdoesnotquestionthepowerofthedeviloverthehumanbody,whichis,infact,provedbytheHolyGospelofJesusChristhimself。Andwithregard,Sire,tothepretendedpassageofSt。Augustin,everybodyknowsthatitwasnotwrittenbyhim,becausethewriter,whoeverhewas,citesBoetius,whodiedmorethaneightyyearsafterthetimeofSt。Augustin。Besides,thereisstillmoreconvincingproofinthefact,thatthesamefatherestablishesthetruthofwitchcraftinallhiswritings,andmoreparticularlyinhis’CityofGod;’andinhisfirstvolume,questionthe25th,whereinhestatesthatsorceryisacommunionbetweenmanandthedevil,whichallgoodChristiansoughttolookuponwithhorror。

  “Takingallthesethingsintoconsideration,Sire,theofficersofyourParliamenthope,fromthejusticeofyourMajesty,thatyouwillbegraciouslypleasedtoreceivethehumbleremonstrancestheyhavetakenthelibertytomake。Theyarecompelled,fortheacquittaloftheirownconsciencesandindischargeoftheirduty,tomakeknowntoyourMajesty,thatthedecreestheypassedagainstthesorcerersandwitchesbroughtbeforethem,werepassedafteramaturedeliberationonthepartofallthejudgespresent,andthatnothinghasbeendonethereinwhichisnotconformabletotheuniversaljurisprudenceofthekingdom,andforthegeneralwelfareofyourMajesty’ssubjects,ofwhomthereisnotonewhocansaythatheissecurefromthemalevolenceofsuchcriminals。WethereforesupplicateyourMajestytosufferustocarryintoeffectthesentenceswepassed,andtoproceedwiththetrialoftheotherpersonsaccusedofthesamecrime;andthatthepietyofyourMajestywillnotsuffertobeintroducedduringyourreignanopinioncontrarytotheprinciplesofthatholyreligionforwhichyouhavealwaysemployedsogloriouslybothyourcaresandyourarms。“

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