The Origins of Contemporary France

第65章

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第65章

The Origins of Contemporary France Hippolyte Aldophe Taine

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The Origins of Contemporary France
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  ……Often,atSaint—Cloud,hekeepsthecounselorsofstatefromnineo’clockinthemorninguntilfiveintheevening,withfifteenminutes’intermission,andseemsnomorefatiguedatthecloseofthesessionthanwhenitbegan。\"Duringthenightsessions\"manyofthememberssuccumbthroughweariness,whiletheMinisterofWarfallsasleep\";hegivesthemashakeandwakesthemup,\"Come,come,citizens,letusbestirourselves,itisonlytwoo’clockandwemustearnthemoneytheFrenchpeoplepayus。\"ConsulorEmperor,[50]\"hedemandsofeachministeranaccountofthesmallestdetails:Itisnotraretoseethemleavingthecouncilroomovercomewithfatigue,duetothelonginterrogatoriestowhichhehassubjectedthem;heappearsnottohavenoticed,andtalksabouttheday’sworksimplyasarelaxationwhichhasscarcelygivenhismindexercise。\"Andwhatisworse,\"itoftenhappensthatonreturninghometheyfindadozenofhislettersrequiringimmediateresponse,forwhichthewholenightscarcelysuffices。\"Thequantityoffactsheisabletoretainandstoreaway,thequantityofideasheelaboratesandproduces,seemstosurpasshumancapacity,andthisinsatiable,inexhaustible,unmovablebrainthuskeepsonworkinguninterruptedlyforthirtyyears。Throughanotherresultofthesamementalorganization,Napoleon’sbrainisneverunproductive;that’stodayourgreatdanger。—Duringthepastthreehundredyearswehavemoreandmorelostsightoftheexactanddirectmeaningofthings。Subjecttotheconstraintsofaconservative,complex,andextendededucationalsystemwestudy*thesymbolsofobjectsratherthanontheobjectsthemselves;

  *insteadofthegrounditself,amapofit;

  *insteadofanimalsstrugglingforexistence,[51]nomenclaturesandclassifications,or,atbest,stuffedspecimensdisplayedinamuseum;

  *insteadofpersonswhofeelandact,statistics,codes,histories,literatures,andphilosophies;

  inshort,printedwords。Evenworse,abstractterms,whichfromcenturytocenturyhavebecomemoreabstractandthereforefurtherremovedfromexperience,moredifficulttounderstand,lessadaptableandmoredeceptive,especiallyinallthatrelatestohumanlifeandsociety。Here,duetothegrowthofgovernment,tothemultiplicationofservices,totheentanglementofinterests,theobject,indefinitelyenlargedandcomplex,noweludesourgrasp。Ourvague,incomplete,incorrectideaofitbadlycorrespondswithit,ordoesnotcorrespondatall。Inninemindsoutoften,orperhapsninety—

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