THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE

第47章

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第47章

THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE Charles Darwin

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THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
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  Thepuma,aftereatingitsfill,coversthecarcasswithmanylargebushes,andliesdowntowatchit。Thishabitisoftenthecauseofitsbeingdiscovered;forthecondorswheelingintheaireverynowandthendescendtopartakeofthefeast,andbeingangrilydrivenaway,risealltogetheronthewing。TheChilenoGuasothenknowsthereisalionwatchinghisprey——thewordisgiven——andmenanddogshurrytothechase。SirF。HeadsaysthataGauchointhepampas,uponmerelyseeingsomecondorswheelingintheair,cried“Alion!”Icouldnevermyselfmeetwithanyonewhopretendedtosuchpowersofdiscrimination。Itisassertedthat,ifapumahasoncebeenbetrayedbythuswatchingthecarcass,andhasthenbeenhunted,itneverresumesthishabit;butthat,havinggorgeditself,itwandersfaraway。Thepumaiseasilykilled。Inanopencountry,itisfirstentangledwiththebolas,thenlazoed,anddraggedalongthegroundtillrenderedinsensible。AtTandeelsouthoftheplata,Iwastoldthatwithinthreemonthsonehundredwerethusdestroyed。InChiletheyaregenerallydrivenupbushesortrees,andaretheneithershot,orbaitedtodeathbydogs。Thedogsemployedinthischasebelongtoaparticularbreed,calledLeoneros:theyareweak,slightanimals,likelong-leggedterriers,butarebornwithaparticularinstinctforthissport。Thepumaisdescribedasbeingverycrafty:whenpursued,itoftenreturnsonitsformertrack,andthensuddenlymakingaspringononeside,waitstheretillthedogshavepassedby。Itisaverysilentanimal,utteringnocryevenwhenwounded,andonlyrarelyduringthebreedingseason。

  Ofbirds,twospeciesofthegenusPteroptochosmegapodiusandalbicollisofKittlitzareperhapsthemostconspicuous。Theformer,calledbytheChilenos“elTurco。”isaslargeasafieldfare,towhichbirdithassomealliance;butitslegsaremuchlonger,tailshorter,andbeakstronger:

  itscolourisareddishbrown。TheTurcoisnotuncommon。Itlivesontheground,shelteredamongthethicketswhicharescatteredoverthedryandsterilehills。Withitstailerect,andstilt-likelegs,itmaybeseeneverynowandthenpoppingfromonebushtoanotherwithuncommonquickness。

  Itreallyrequireslittleimaginationtobelievethatthebirdisashamedofitself,andisawareofitsmostridiculousfigure。Onfirstseeingit,oneistemptedtoexclaim,“Avilelystuffedspecimenhasescapedfromsomemuseum,andhascometolifeagain!”Itcannotbemadetotakeflightwithoutthegreatesttrouble,nordoesitrun,butonlyhops。Thevariousloudcrieswhichitutterswhenconcealedamongstthebushes,areasstrangeasitsappearance。Itissaidtobuilditsnestinadeepholebeneaththeground。Idissectedseveralspecimens:thegizzard,whichwasverymuscular,containedbeetles,vegetablefibres,andpebbles。Fromthischaracter,fromthelengthofitslegs,scratchingfeet,membranouscoveringtothenostrils,shortandarchedwings,thisbirdseemsinacertaindegreetoconnectthethrusheswiththegallinaceousorder。

  ThesecondspeciesorP。albicollisisalliedtothefirstinitsgeneralform。ItiscalledTapacolo,or“coveryourposterior;“andwelldoestheshamelesslittlebirddeserveitsname;foritcarriesitstailmorethanerect,thatis,inclinedbackwardstowardsitshead。Itisverycommon,andfrequentsthebottomsofhedge-rows,andthebushesscatteredoverthebarrenhills,wherescarcelyanotherbirdcanexist。Initsgeneralmanneroffeeding,ofquicklyhoppingoutofthethicketsandbackagain,initsdesireofconcealment,unwillingnesstotakeflight,andnidification,itbearsacloseresemblancetotheTurco;butitsappearanceisnotquitesoridiculous。TheTapacoloisverycrafty:whenfrightenedbyanyperson,itwillremainmotionlessatthebottomofabush,andwillthen,afteralittlewhile,trywithmuchaddresstocrawlawayontheoppositeside。

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