WEALTH OF NATIONS

第39章

试读中

第39章

WEALTH OF NATIONS Adam Smith

后面的故事,去 App 接着看,下载后搜索书名即可继续阅读。

WEALTH OF NATIONS
阅读主题
字体大小

  Thecolonyassemblies,besides,cannotbesupposedtheproperjudgesofwhatisnecessaryforthedefenceandsupportofthewholeempire。Thecareofthatdefenceandsupportisnotentrustedtothem。Itisnottheirbusiness,andtheyhavenoregularmeansofinformationconcerningit。Theassemblyofaprovince,likethevestryofaparish,mayjudgeveryproperlyconcerningtheaffairsofitsownparticulardistrict;butcanhavenopropermeansofjudgingconcerningthoseofthewholeempire。Itcannotevenjudgeproperlyconcerningtheproportionwhichitsownprovincebearstothewholeempire;orconcerningtherelativedegreeofitswealthandimportancecomparedwiththeotherprovinces;becausethoseotherprovincesarenotundertheinspectionandsuperintendencyoftheassemblyofaparticularprovince。Whatisnecessaryforthedefenceandsupportofthewholeempire,andinwhatproportioneachpartoughttocontribute,canbejudgedofonlybythatassemblywhichinspectsandsuperintendstheaffairsofthewholeempire。

  Ithasbeenproposed,accordingly,thatthecoloniesshouldbetaxedbyrequisition,theParliamentofGreatBritaindeterminingthesumwhicheachcolonyoughttopay,andtheprovincialassemblyassessingandlevyingitinthewaythatsuitedbestthecircumstancesoftheprovince。Whatconcernedthewholeempirewouldinthiswaybedeterminedbytheassemblywhichinspectsandsuperintendstheaffairsofthewholeempire;

  andtheprovincialaffairsofeachcolonymightstillberegulatedbyitsownassembly。ThoughthecoloniesshouldinthiscasehavenorepresentativesintheBritishParliament,yet,ifwemayjudgebyexperience,thereisnoprobabilitythattheParliamentaryrequisitionwouldbeunreasonable。TheParliamentofEnglandhasnotuponanyoccasionshownthesmallestdispositiontooverburdenthosepartsoftheempirewhicharenotrepresentedinParliament。TheislandsofGuernseyandJersey,withoutanymeansofresistingtheauthorityofParliament,aremorelightlytaxedthananypartofGreatBritain。Parliamentinattemptingtoexerciseitssupposedright,whetherwellorillgrounded,oftaxingthecolonies,hasneverhithertodemandedofthemanythingwhichevenapproachedtoajustproportiontowhatwaspaidbytheirfellowsubjectsathome。Ifthecontributionofthecolonies,besides,wastoriseorfallinproportiontotheriseorfallofthelandtax,Parliamentcouldnottaxthemwithouttaxingatthesametimeitsownconstituents,andthecoloniesmightinthiscasebeconsideredasvirtuallyrepresentedinParliament。

  Examplesarenotwantingofempiresinwhichallthedifferentprovincesarenottaxed,ifImaybeallowedtheexpression,inonemass;butinwhichthesovereignregulatesthesumwhicheachprovinceoughttopay,andinsomeprovincesassessesandleviesitashethinksproper;whileinothers,heleavesittobeassessedandleviedastherespectivestatesofeachprovinceshalldetermine。InsomeprovincesofFrance,thekingnotonlyimposeswhattaxeshethinksproper,butassessesandleviestheminthewayhethinksproper。Fromothershedemandsacertainsum,butleavesittothestatesofeachprovincetoassessandlevythatsumastheythinkproper。

  Accordingtotheschemeoftaxingbyrequisition,theParliamentofGreatBritainwouldstandnearlyinthesamesituationtowardsthecolonyassembliesastheKingofFrancedoestowardsthestatesofthoseprovinceswhichstillenjoytheprivilegeofhavingstatesoftheirown,theprovincesofFrancewhicharesupposedtobethebestgoverned。

后续内容在 App 继续看

精彩内容未完,打开 App 继续阅读

后面的故事已为你准备好,下载 App 后搜索“WEALTH OF NATIONS”即可继续阅读这一章。